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Oorganization and holding of round tables
Hwhat is the discussion?
Discussion is a method for exploring certain topics through group discussion. Discussion is an effective method for organizing the exchange of opinions and ideas. The discussion allows: to present and explore the personal experience of the participants; find out the attitude of each to the topic under discussion; discuss how the results of the discussion can be applied in the work; comprehensively explore real problems and their possible solutions; discuss the possible consequences of certain actions; learn from the experiences of others; consider the problem from different angles; find a way to reach consensus in the future.
Tohow to prepare and lead a discussion?
The process of organizing and conducting a discussion requires knowledge and skills in the following areas: in planning and preparation, in instruction, in management and control, in summarizing and, if necessary, obtaining feedback.
When planning and preparing a discussion, it is necessary to:
determine the topic of the discussion and its participants;
· accurately define the boundaries and parameters of the discussion (the main blocks of the discussion, the rules for the participants, the rules of the discussion);
· build the main line of discussion on certain issues related to the topic of discussion, in a certain order;
Decide how to start the discussion process (with a provocative speech or question; a short exercise; a reference to a previous exercise or topics already raised);
· to identify a few additional questions or interventions needed in case the discussion starts to lose momentum or go in an undesirable direction, and with which you can focus the group on the discussion of the next aspect of the topic of discussion;
determine the time required for each block of discussion;
Determine what kind of room is needed and think about how to accommodate participants in it;
decide what your role will be in the discussion process, and whether you will participate in the discussion of the topic (as a rule, the moderator is neutral in relation to all the statements of the discussion participants and only monitors the process of its conduct);
identify possible clashes of opinions and views of the participants (opposing points of view, the practice of discussing in "raised voices"), and think over their actions in this situation (which of the participants has the sharpest and most extreme views; what they can say; what words and actions they can express their views; how you can resist them; how you can use the group to warn and prevent a "scandal" from developing; what will you say in this case).
Participant briefing
For the briefing, it is necessary that all the participants in the discussion are ready to listen to you and have already taken their seats.
· Introduce the topic of the discussion, announce its program and regulations.
· Explain your role and how actively you will participate in and follow the discussion.
· If you intend to summarize the presentations of the participants and write down the main conclusions on paper, warn the participants about this.
· Start a discussion.
Lead and control
1. After you have started, allow the participants to gather their thoughts. Resist the temptation to immediately break the silence in the group, if at first it has come. With a sharp intervention, you run the risk of switching the discussion into the "your questions - their answers" mode and thereby kill the discussion (exchange of opinions).
2. During group discussions, ensure that those who wish to speak can take turns taking the floor. Follow the rules. Listen carefully to the speakers, generalize, summarize and write down (if agreed at the beginning).
3. Follow the discussion process in the group. There are situations where your intervention is needed.
Summary (generalization)
Summarizing is a purposeful action that is used by the facilitator to bring together the main points expressed by one or more persons during the discussion. The purpose of summarizing what has been said is to:
combine important data, thoughts, ideas in one statement;
· develop a basis for further discussion or move on to another topic;
evaluate success;
check whether the interlocutors agree with each other, whether everyone understands what was said.
Summarized, summarized information allows all participants in the discussion to understand what happened at this stage of the discussion. When you need to sum up or summarize what has been said, you can start with the following phrases: “I think that several important thoughts have been expressed here ...”, “If I understand correctly (a), you mean ...”, “I think we have reached agreements. We agreed that we ... ", etc.
Preparation and holding of the round table
Round table - traditional business discussion. The round table, for all its democratic nature, contains elements of organization and assumes the following principles:
There are no clearly defined positions, but only participants in the discussion of the controversial issue.
· All positions are equal, and no one has the right to be superior to others.
· The purpose of the round table is to bring out ideas and opinions about the problem or dispute under discussion.
Based on the agreements, the roundtable leads to results that are new agreements.
General discussion rules:
1. There is no discussion without a key question.
2. The round table assumes a key issue in the form of an agenda.
3. The key issue must be agreed in advance with all interested participants in the discussion.
4. The nature of the discussion of the "round table" - a speech is an expression of one's own opinion;
5. Criticism is practically unacceptable here, since everyone has the right to express their point of view. Ideas are criticized, not individuals; criticism should be constructive, not destructive, loyal, not personal.
Round table - voicing problems and finding out the opinions of various parties involved in their solution. With unprofessional conduct, this event often leads to a "bazaar" and exacerbation of existing contradictions. Therefore, to conduct a round table, skills and techniques for organizing the discussion process are needed.
Selection of participants Hosted on Allbest.ru
It is of great importance. Much depends on the purpose of the round table and the severity of the problem that is being condemned. Of course, the participants in the discussion should be, first of all, representatives of the "involved" parties. These are people and organizations that are (or should, but are not) involved in solving the problems discussed. In order for the discussion to be effective, it is necessary to collect the maximum possible number of carriers of different points of view, to unite all the parties involved, representatives of the public, administration, business, etc. Each group has its own rules:
If invited to the round table government official, then you should not promise the rest of the participants that he will come. First, he may not come. Secondly, those who are interested in this particular person, and not in discussion, will come. The focus of the round table can be shifted.
· If invited business representative, then it is necessary to foresee the situation with the possible importunity of the participants with requests for funding of certain types of activities. At other times, representatives of firms may refuse to take part in the discussion because of this.
· Concerning media First of all, you need to decide whether to invite them or not. If the discussion is about voicing all the problems, trying to understand each other and discussing solutions, then it might be better not to invite the media. For this kind of round table, an atmosphere of freedom and openness is needed, and the press always "fetters" people, not everything can be said in the presence of the media, knowing that it can be voiced on television or in the press. As a rule, the media are invited in order to convey the very fact of the discussion or its results to certain organizations and / or the population. Another point that matters - do you invite the media to cover the event, or participate in the discussion? This must be indicated in the invitation, otherwise the journalist will come for half an hour, collect the necessary information for a story or article and leave.
There should not be random people on the round table. When inviting participants, you need to proceed from certain criteria: the participant is related to this problem; he has something to say (possession of information, figures, facts, etc.); he is ready to solve the problem constructively. Since the round table is an event that is always limited in time, extra people, non-constructive, "empty" conversations will "eat up" the time.
Preparatory stage:
Definition of the topic and purpose of the round table
· Selection of participants
Planning the content of the event
Planning of organizational issues and the technical side of the event
The development of the content of the round table includes the definition of the name
(which will appear in all documents, press releases, etc.), goals (will also be declared everywhere), the list of participants, the need to invite the media and experts. The content part determines the parameters of the discussion: what aspects will be discussed (the logic of the development of the topic), then the main information blocks are built on this. The next step is to determine the rules for organizing the discussion process: to whom and in what order the floor will be given, the time limit for speaking, how questions will be asked - a block of questions and answers can be put after each information block, or after each speech, who will be asked questions - a speaker or a friend friend / all participants in the discussion. At the stage of preparing a round table, attention should be paid to the beginning of each information block - where each new block begins - with a speech, a short message on a given topic, an example, or a provocative question (seed).
Lead role Hosted on Allbest.ru
To have an effective discussion, it is important to choose the right leader and clearly delineate his spheres of influence. The task of the facilitator is to help the participants discuss the problem effectively and constructively. If the facilitator knows the topic well and has useful information for discussion, then he / she can also act as an expert. The role of the facilitator should be determined at the preparation stage and announced to those present at the very beginning of the discussion.
In the process of holding a round table, the facilitator should strictly adhere to his role, in no case use his position to speak himself or give the floor to the same people, and in general, the facilitator should be "as little as possible". His behavior as a whole can be described as neutral, tactful, unobtrusive. The facilitator must constantly monitor the timetable, sum up the intermediate results of the discussion, find out, summarize, ask leading or provocative questions if the discussion fades, and also translate the flaring emotional discussion into a constructive channel.
The main stage is conducting a round table
Where does the round table start?
1. The host calls the topic, goal, rules of discussion, rules of speech. You can specify issues that will not be discussed within the framework of this event.
2. Then the facilitator introduces the participants or invites them to introduce themselves (this is beneficial if the facilitator is an outsider and does not know the people who take part in the event, and also if the participants have complicated names, surnames or names of organizations).
3. Next, the facilitator calls the first block of discussion. As a rule, after this there is silence, it is necessary to give people a little time. If the discussion still does not occur, then you can ask a few additional (pre-prepared questions).
When and how to intervene
The facilitator should intervene in the discussion in order to:
stimulate discussion of the issue that you think is important (for example, "Does everyone agree with this?");
· "Protect" part of the group, which is aggressively "attacked" by another. At the same time, it is not at all necessary that the leader speaks "for" or "against" one of them. Just in this situation, it is worth recalling that the participants of the round table have different points of view, and everyone has the right to this. The purpose of the round table is to exchange views, and not to bring them "to the same denominator";
Include in the discussion people who would like to speak, but cannot do so due to non-compliance with the procedure by other participants;
· to respond to comments based on conjectures, not facts ("Can you confirm this with facts?") In this case, the presenter can provide reliable information (if he has it);
Find out the opinion of the other participants on the issue or argument (“Does everyone share this point of view?”);
Express your own opinion (but do not abuse your position); Hosted on Allbest.ru
· "provoke" a discussion from a different point of view ("And if you look at the problem ...");
ask additional questions in order to expand / deepen / change the topic under discussion;
stimulate discussion ("How do you feel about this?" "Do you all agree with this?")
· Remind the participants of the facts that they have not yet taken into account in the discussion.
If one of the issues discussed is of fundamental importance for the participants and it takes more time than originally planned, then the program of the round table can be changed, but subject to the consent of all participants.
Methods" intervention" for discussion
There are six main methods of intervention in the discussion, the application of which depends on the specific situation.
1. Controlling. The facilitator determines the course of the discussion and the time required for a particular issue. For example, "And now, let's continue the discussion ...". "On this, we can complete the discussion of this issue ...".
2. Informational. The facilitator provides information that may be useful in discussing the issue. Information can be not only statistics, but also theory, trends, practical examples.
3. Confrontational. The host "breaks" stereotypes, traditional opinions, attitudes, etc.
This intervention should not look aggressive. To do this, you should start with the words "Why not ...?". You need to be prepared for a defensive reaction from the audience, since in this case certain values, views, and beliefs of specific people are affected.
4. Overwhelming. If emotions have accumulated during the discussion, then you need to remove them. The deeper the emotions, the more difficult it is to deal with them. If the facilitator has no experience in managing this kind of situation, it is better to do nothing.
5. Catalytic. It is used to summarize what has been said, analyze opinions, sum up an intermediate result, etc.
6. supportive. The facilitator in every possible way makes it clear to the participants in the discussion that their opinion is interesting, has value for those present, and deserves attention. The danger in using this method is that the facilitator may either come across as insincere to the participants or end up in the position of someone who knows the "correct answer".
Generalization/ intermediate debriefing
Summarizing is especially useful because it allows you to check the degree of agreement between group members. If the participants do not agree with each other, it is better to reveal this during the discussion than later in the actual activity. If an agreement reached during the discussion is not a real agreement, then it is quite possible that it will not be fulfilled in life after the end of the discussion.
Generalization should be done periodically at certain intervals of time (they can be timed to coincide with different information blocks of the round table), especially if the discussion is designed for a long time or includes different aspects of the topic. When summarizing, you need to say the words that the participants used, and only what you heard, without adding anything new from yourself. It is important to make sure that the group agrees on the main points you have listed. It is not necessary to seek the consent of all participants on the issues discussed. The purpose of the round table is to exchange opinions and, when summarizing / summing up, it is better to identify / state the views and points of view of the group. Even if new questions, topics arise during the discussion, one should not deviate from the program. Be sure to leave enough time to complete the round table and summarize its results. If the round table is difficult to complete, the participants are eager to continue the discussion, then this is a good indicator of the success of the event.
Problems that may arise during the round table, and options for their solution
1. Too many negative opinions are expressed during the discussion.
This often happens when discussing a problem that seriously affects the interests of the participants in the discussion. When such a situation arises, the facilitator should be aware that his / her powers are limited and do not include changing the point of view or beliefs of the people who are participating in the discussion. The host should only state facts, opinions, while remaining as objective as possible. He/she may also take part in the discussion and express his/her opinion or propose a solution to the problem, but under no circumstances should he/she argue with the participants or try to convince them. It is best to allow all participants to express their opinions. Even if the discussion threatens to escalate into a stormy one. This will help "let off steam".
2. The obvious lack of knowledge/experience of the majority of the participants of the round table in the area under discussion.
If such a problem arises, then the discussion cannot be constructive, the participants will easily agree with the first point of view proposed, since there are no others and in order to argue, you need to know the subject. In this situation, you can interrupt the discussion and have a small session (present information on the topic, experience or facts), and then continue the discussion.
3. Too emotional discussion of the problem.
The most important thing is to prevent such a situation. And for this you need to follow the rules.
Tightening blocks, performances leads to fatigue, irritation. The optimal time for performances is 3-5 minutes. Leading for comments, remarks - a maximum of 2 minutes. Strict observance of the regulations "keeps" the participants within the framework, and the change of information blocks and, accordingly, aspects and the need to adhere to them also prevents emotions from accumulating. During the round table, the facilitator should ensure that the discussion is not monopolized, and that each participant has the right to speak.
4. Not everyone present takes part in the discussion.
The facilitator should carefully monitor the behavior and reactions of the participants, not allow individual present to monopolize the discussion (“Thank you, we understand your position, and now let's listen to others ...”), give the rest an opportunity to speak (this can be planned in advance, knowing the composition of the participants and contact people in the process of discussion (Among us there is a representative of ..., I think he has something to say on this issue" or: "We know that the solution to this problem also depends on ... I would like to hear the opinion of ...).
Lead Tips:
· Throughout the discussion process, the facilitator must constantly control the content, the discussion process and his behavior.
· The main job of the roundtable facilitator is to ensure that the participants do not wander off the topic of discussion, to clarify unclear questions and statements, and to ensure that all participants have the opportunity to speak.
It is important that all participants in the discussion understand what is being said. As a rule, people from different areas of life, with different professional and life experience, take part in the discussion. The facilitator's task is to ensure that statements and examples are understandable, if terminology is used, then it is familiar to everyone, etc.
The behavior of the leader is important. Most often, it is it that “sets the tone” for the discussion.
· In addition to the actual discussion process, the leader must control the behavior and mood of the audience.
o If the participants start fidgeting, whispering, flipping through papers, etc. These are signs that they are not interested.
o If there is silence, then you need to understand what it means - reflection, bewilderment, or people are simply tired and do not want to speak out.
o When participants look at the facilitator, it means that they are interested and have good contact. If not, something needs to be done urgently.
o How do participants look at each other when they are having a dialogue? If they do not look away, this is an indicator of good contact and a normal environment.
o Postures of interested people - slightly leaning forward, towards the interlocutor or leader. Everyone knows the postures and facial expressions of irritated or disinterested people.
The technical side of the round table
The room should be bright and spacious (in a stuffy room, people get tired faster, and this is one of the reasons for negative emotions). There are two options for placing people: in a circle (less formal), in the form of a closed or open square. There must be water on the tables. In front of each participant are signs indicating the names, surnames, positions and organizations they represent. Each participant should be given the program of the round table and materials that will be used in the discussion. The media must receive press packages. If possible, participants in the discussion are provided with pens and notepads. Sometimes the results of the discussion are recorded by the organizers using a voice recorder. This allows quotes to be included in a press release or roundtable outcome document.
Completion of the round table
After summing up, the participants of the round table often draw up and adopt a collective document - a resolution, decision or appeal. The organizers can prepare a document in advance, which will state the problem, describe the event, its participants and
etc. During the work of the round table, all the results of the interim discussion are recorded and entered into this document, and, at the end of the event, it is collectively adopted. After the end of the round table, the organizers should personally thank all the participants in the discussion.
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Therefore, there is no special procedure for the distribution of seats and there are no protocol difficulties. A clear direction for the round table discussion is essential to its success. A round table discussion is usually organized with the aim of solving a certain problem in the course of the discussion. Participants of the round table can be either colleagues of the same management levels, or employees of different levels and divisions of the company. By generalizing opinions, the participants in the conversation analyze theses and antitheses. As a result, a unified position is developed. Round table participants have equal rights, i.e. their votes carry the same weight regardless of their official position. Thus, it becomes possible to use the knowledge and abilities of various specialists to solve problems. It is desirable that they are not directly subordinated. Otherwise, some participants will feel constrained, which can negatively affect the results of the conversation.
A clear direction for the round table discussion is essential to its success. There is three options definitions of the roundtable talk facilitator:
Participants choose it from their circle. Sometimes this takes time, as disagreements may arise.
It is determined by a superior leader, if the conversation is conducted on his initiative.
The leadership of the conversation is carried out alternately by its participants. This method has worked well for regular conversations.
The roundtable talk facilitator performs double function: he is both a host and a participant:
On the one hand, he must be a neutral mediator, holding the threads of the discussion in his hands and directing it towards the goal.
On the other hand, he is an equal participant in the discussion. He is obliged to express his own opinion on the issues discussed.
The fundamental principle of conducting a round table is dividing a general topic into a number of subtopics. As a result, it becomes possible to purposefully move from one position to another and raise appropriate questions. At the same time, the leader must ensure that each participant in the conversation has the opportunity to express his point of view.
Round table methodology
A round table is a traditional business discussion. The round table, for all its democratic nature, contains elements of organization and assumes the following principles:
there are no clearly defined positions, but there are only participants in the discussion of the controversial issue;
all positions are equal, and no one has the right to be superior to others;
the purpose of the round table is to bring out ideas and opinions about the problem or issue under discussion.
The purpose of the round table
– exchange of views on the stated problem or issue.
General discussion rules:
There is no discussion without a key issue.
The round table assumes a key issue in the form of an agenda.
The key issue should be agreed in advance with all interested participants in the discussion.
The nature of the discussion of the "round table" - the speech is an expression of one's own opinion;
Criticism is practically unacceptable here, since everyone has the right to express their point of view. Ideas are criticized, not individuals; criticism should be constructive, not destructive, loyal, not personal.
Each group has its own rules:
If you are invited to the round table government official, then you should not promise the rest of the participants that he will come. First, he may not come. Secondly, those who are interested in this particular person, and not in discussion, will come. The focus of the round table can be shifted.
If invited school leaders, then it is necessary to foresee the situation with the possible importunity of the participants with requests for funding of certain types of activities.
As for the media, first of all, you need to decide whether to invite them or not. If the discussion is about voicing all the problems, trying to understand each other and discussing solutions, then it might be better not to invite the media. For this kind of round table, an atmosphere of freedom and openness is needed, and the press always "fetters" people, not everything can be said in the presence of the media, knowing that it can be voiced on television or in the press. As a rule, the media are invited in order to convey the very fact of the discussion or its results to certain organizations and / or the population.
Each stage of the round table work is carefully thought out, especially the preparatory stage:
- Definition of the topic and purpose of the round table.
Selection of participants.
Planning the content of the event.
Organizational and technical planning
Events.
The development of the content of the round table includes the definition of the name (which will appear in all documents, press releases, etc.), goals (will also be declared everywhere), the list of participants, the need to invite the media and experts.
The content part determines the parameters of the discussion: what aspects will be discussed (the logic of the development of the topic), then the main information blocks are built on this. The next step is to determine the rules for organizing the discussion process: to whom and in what order the floor will be given, the time limit for speaking, how questions will be asked - a block of questions and answers can be put after each information block, or after each speech, who will be asked questions - a speaker or a friend friend / all participants in the discussion.
At the stage of preparing a round table, attention should be paid to the beginning of each information block - where each new block begins - with a speech, a short message on a given topic, an example, or a provocative question (seed).
To have an effective discussion, it is important to choose the right leader and clearly delineate his spheres of influence. The task of the facilitator is to help the participants discuss the problem effectively and constructively. If the facilitator knows the topic well and has useful information for discussion, then he / she can also act as an expert. The role of the facilitator should be determined at the preparation stage and announced to those present at the very beginning of the discussion. In the process of holding a round table, the facilitator should clearly adhere to his role, in no case use his position to speak himself or give the floor to the same people, and in general, the facilitator should be “as little as possible”. His behavior as a whole can be described as neutral, tactful, unobtrusive. The facilitator must constantly monitor the timetable, sum up the intermediate results of the discussion, find out, summarize, ask leading or provocative questions if the discussion is fading, and also translate into a constructive channel, a flaring emotional discussion on the key points of the issue or problem.
Stages of conducting a round table:
The host calls the topic, goal, rules of discussion, rules of speech. You can specify issues that will not be discussed within the framework of this event.
Then the facilitator introduces the participants or invites them to introduce themselves (this is beneficial if the facilitator is an outsider and does not know the people who take part in the event, and also if the participants have complex names, surnames or names of organizations).
Next, the facilitator calls the first block of discussion. As a rule, after this there is silence, it is necessary to give people a little time. If the discussion still does not occur, then you can ask a few additional (pre-prepared questions).
Actions of the leading round table:
stimulate discussion of the issue that seems important to you (for example, “Does everyone agree with this?”);
"protect" part of the group, which is aggressively "attacked" by another. At the same time, it is not at all necessary that the leader speaks “for” or “against” one of them. Just in this situation, it is worth recalling that the participants of the round table have different points of view, and everyone has the right to this. The purpose of the round table is to exchange views, and not to bring them “to the same denominator”;
include in the discussion people who would like to speak, but cannot do so due to non-compliance with the procedure by other participants;
respond to comments based on conjectures, not facts (“Can you confirm this with facts?”) In this case, the host can provide reliable information (if he has it);
find out the opinion of the other participants on the issue or argument (“Does everyone share this point of view?”);
express your own opinion (but do not abuse your position);
“provoke” a discussion from a different point of view (“And if you look at the problem ...”);
ask additional questions in order to expand / deepen / change the topic under discussion;
stimulate discussion (“How do you feel about this?” “Do you all agree with this?”)
Remind the participants of the facts that they have not yet taken into account in the discussion.
The host of the round table has the right to tactfully direct the activities of the participants. You should be aware of six basic methods of intervention in the discussion, the application of which depends on the specific situation or solution to the problem:
Controlling. The facilitator determines the course of the discussion and the time required for a particular issue. For example, "Now, let's continue the discussion ...". “On this, we can conclude the discussion of this issue ...”.
Informational. The facilitator provides information that may be useful in discussing the issue. Information can be not only statistics, but also theory, trends, practical examples.
Confrontational. The host "breaks" stereotypes, traditional opinions, attitudes, etc. This intervention should not look aggressive. To do this, you should start with the words “Why not…?”. You need to be prepared for a defensive reaction from the audience, since in this case certain values, views, and beliefs of specific people are affected.
Overwhelming. If emotions have accumulated during the discussion, then you need to remove them. The deeper the emotions, the more difficult it is to deal with them. If the facilitator has no experience in managing this kind of situation, it is better to do nothing.
Catalytic. It is used to summarize what has been said, analyze opinions, sum up an intermediate result, etc.
supportive. The facilitator in every way makes it clear to the participants in the discussion that they are of value to those present and deserve attention. The danger in using this method is that the facilitator may either come across as insincere to the participants or end up in the position of someone who knows the "correct answer".
When summarizing, you need to say the words that the participants used, and only what you heard, without adding anything new from yourself. It is important to make sure that the group agrees on the main points you have listed. It is not necessary to seek the consent of all participants on the issues discussed.
The purpose of the round table is to exchange opinions and, when summarizing / summing up, it is better to identify / state the views and points of view of the group. Even if new questions, topics arise during the discussion, one should not deviate from the program. Be sure to leave enough time to complete the round table and summarize its results. If the round table is difficult to complete, the participants are eager to continue the discussion, then this is a good indicator of the success of the event.
When holding a round table when discussing a certain issue, problems may arise, as well as too many negative opinions expressed that seriously affect the interests of the participants in the discussion, in which case the moderator should be aware that his / her powers are limited and do not include changing the point of view or beliefs of the people who participate in the discussion. He should only state facts, opinions, while remaining as objective as possible. He/she may also take part in the discussion and express his/her opinion or propose a solution to the problem, but under no circumstances should he/she argue with the participants or try to convince them. It is best to allow all participants to express their opinions. Even if the discussion threatens to turn into a heated discussion, this will help to “let off steam”. But if such a problem arises, then the discussion cannot be constructive, the participants will easily agree with the first proposed point of view, since there are no others and in order to argue, you need to know the subject. In this situation, you can interrupt the discussion and have a small session (present information on the topic, experience or facts), and then continue the discussion.
The most interesting method of holding a round table can be called "Brainstorming". When conducting a brainstorming session, special attention is paid to posing a question that reveals the main ideas of the task.
We propose a methodology for Brainstorming in groups":
teaching and learning strategies that encourage students to use flexible calculation strategies (i.e. strategies best suited to specific calculations);
teaching and learning strategies that encourage students to think and discuss the effectiveness of the calculation strategies they use.
Definition. Can you claim it in another way? Can you think through what you said? Is there another word or phrase that better expresses the problem?
Accuracy. How can we check the validity of a claim? How can you check the correctness? What is the source of information? How can we refine or test the information? (This refers more to a problem whose source is known and controlled by the teacher or the district, but does it allow the situation or statement to be challenged?)
Depth. What factor makes this problem difficult? Why are some peculiarities inherent in this problem? (For simple answers)
Connectivity. How does this relate to the issue? How will this help us?
Justice. Are you legitimately interested in this matter? Do you kindly represent the relevant points of view of others?
1. Hard time limit on the 1st stage 5-7 minutes.
2. When discussing ideas, they are not criticized, but disagreements are fixed.
3. Prompt recording of the proposals made.
respect for the different points of view of its participants;
joint search for a constructive solution to the disagreements that have arisen. Very often, in the work of the round table, in addition to discussions and discussions of issues, the “Clustering” strategy is used, which is aimed at the effective work of groups. A cluster is a way of graphic organization of material, which makes it possible to visualize those thought processes that occur when immersed in a particular topic.
The cluster is a reflection of a non-linear form of thinking. Sometimes this method is called "visual brainstorming". Having mastered the skills of graphic presentation of the material, a person discovers new aspects of the depicted phenomenon, learns to separate the information learned from the existing knowledge. A wise man once said: "When I write, I learn about what I think." When a student uses a cluster, they better understand themselves and what they are learning. Seeing his success, he is interested in learning new things. By compiling drawings, diagrams, clusters, we develop the creativity of students, because each cluster is individual and unique.
The cluster can also be used to organize individual and group work of the round table. Participants develop such skills as the ability to highlight key words, the ability to find an error and correct it, the ability to rank information according to the degree of novelty and significance. The skills of mental activity develop: the ability to compare, highlight the main thing, the ability to predict, the ability to generalize and systematize.
When implementing this strategy, you need to use the following steps:
1. In the middle of a blank sheet (chalkboard) write a key word or sentence that is the "heart" of the idea, topic.
2. Around "throw" words or sentences expressing ideas, facts, images suitable for this topic.
3. As you write, the words that appear are connected by straight lines with the key concept. Each of the "satellites" in turn also have "satellites", new logical connections are established.
Participants should follow the following rules when creating a cluster:
1. Don't be afraid to write down everything that comes to mind. Unleash your imagination and intuition.
2. Keep working until time runs out or ideas run out.
3. Try to build as many connections as possible. Don't follow a predetermined plan.
In organizing the activities of the round table, it is important to take into account the preparatory work: the various sources of information used in the process of identifying problems, preparing and making decisions; internal and external reporting and statistical data, scientific literature, reviews, legislative acts, regulations, instructions, foreign analogues, expert assessments, attitudes of decision makers, etc. The process of developing and making decisions based on the results of the round table for this is necessary form and formulate the goals and objectives of the prepared solution. From a clearly defined goal, tasks are more clearly drawn. At the same time, the psychology and interests of the persons involved in the analysis, preparation, decision-making and, moreover, its adoption, involuntarily affect the formulation of goals and objectives.
A correctly organized, rationally set process of developing and making decisions of a round table should provide for the formulation and analysis of restrictions, the formation of a zone of existence of feasible solutions or alternatives. It is also desirable that the alternatives selected for comparison differ significantly among themselves in the ways of solving the problem, and thus in the depth and time of the solution spent by resources. If this condition is met, the probability of subsequent selection of the most favorable solution increases. When choosing the solutions of the preferred option, all participants of the round table consider and take into account a number of indicators of results: the cost of resources and time, risk, and the consequences of the decision being made. Reasonableness of the decision largely depends on the depth of its elaboration, the consistency of the above stages and decision-making procedures. To achieve success in the work of the round table, it is extremely important not only to make a reasonable, expedient, justified, effective decision, but also to take measures to ensure its practical implementation. It is necessary to bring the decision to the performers, inform the entire circle of participants in the execution about it. It is also required to organize the management of the implementation of the adopted decision at all stages of its implementation in accordance with a specially developed schedule.
Approximate program of the round table
Methodology
Preparation and holding of the round table
Guidelines for the preparation and holding of the round table are intended for the organizers and participants of the professional competition "Teacher of the Year in Krasnoyarsk". When developing methodological recommendations, texts by T.G. Grigoroshchuk, Ph.D., N.V. Matyukhina, Petrova A.V., Wikipedia materials, sites http://www.kadroman.ru, http://www.inter-pedagogika.ru, http://www.vap-vdonsk.ru.
The competence-based approach puts forward in the first place not the awareness and theoretical knowledge of a specialist, but his ability to see the essence of the problem and find ways to solve it based on the practical application of existing knowledge. As one of the organizational active forms of interaction that allows to deepen and strengthen the objective position of the teacher, the "round table" has great opportunities for discussing acute, complex and currently relevant issues in the professional field, sharing experience and creative initiatives. The idea of "round tables" is a meeting of like-minded people seeking to find a common solution on a specific issue in the format of a given topic, as well as an opportunity for everyone to enter into a discussion or debate on issues of interest. Discussion of the problem, exchange of opinions, valuable experience, establishment of close contacts, search for additional opportunities and discussion when discussing special, “hot” issues make the “round table” dynamic and eccentric.
Target"round table" - to reveal a wide range of opinions on the problem chosen for discussion from different points of view, to discuss unclear and controversial points related to this problem, and to reach a consensus.
task"round table" is the mobilization and activation of participants to solve specific urgent problems, so the "round table" has specific features:
1. Personification of information (during the discussion, the participants express not a general, but a personal point of view. It may arise spontaneously and not be fully formulated exactly. Such information must be treated especially thoughtfully, choosing grains of valuable and realistic, comparing them with the opinions of other participants (discussants)).
2. The polyphony of the “round table” (in the process of the “round table” there can be business noise, polyphony, which corresponds to an atmosphere of emotional interest and intellectual creativity. But this is precisely what makes the work of the host (moderator) and participants difficult. Among this polyphony, the leader needs to “catch on ” for the main thing, to give everyone the opportunity to speak and continue to support this background, since it is precisely this background that is a feature of the “round table”).
The round table assumes:
1. the willingness of the participants to discuss the problem in order to determine possible ways to solve it.
2. the presence of a certain position, theoretical knowledge and practical experience.
It is possible to organize such a round table when the discussion is deliberately based on several points of view on the same issue, the discussion of which leads to positions and solutions acceptable to all participants.
Thus, the integral components of the round table:
1. unresolved issue;
2. equal participation of representatives of all interested parties;
3. development of decisions acceptable to all participants on the issue under discussion.
When holding a round table, in order to achieve a positive result and create a business atmosphere, it is necessary to:
- Provide for the optimal number of participants (if the circle of specialists is large, not one leader is needed, but two.
- Ensure the operation of technical means for audio and video recording.
- Establish speaking time.
- Ensure appropriate design of the audience (it is desirable that the "round table" is really round and communications are carried out "face to face", which contributes to group communication and maximum involvement in the discussion.)
Methodology for organizing and holding a "round table"
Usually, there are three stages in the organization and conduct of the "round table": preparatory, discussion and final (post-discussion).
I Preparatory stage includes:
choice of problem (the problem should be acute, relevant, having various solutions). The problem chosen for discussion can be of an interdisciplinary nature, it should be of practical interest to the audience in terms of developing professional competencies;
selection of a moderator (the moderator leads the round table, so he must master the art of creating a trusting atmosphere and maintaining a discussion, as well as the method of building up information at a high level);
selection of speakers. The composition of the participants of the "round table" can be expanded by involving representatives of executive authorities, professional communities and other organizational structures;
preparation of a scenario (holding a "round table" according to a pre-planned scenario allows you to avoid spontaneity and chaos in the work of the "round table").
The scenario assumes:
Definition of the conceptual apparatus (thesaurus);
List of discussion questions (up to 15 formulations);
Development of "home-made" answers, sometimes contradictory and extraordinary, using a representative sample of information;
Closing speech of the moderator;
· equipping the premises with standard equipment (audio-video equipment), as well as multimedia tools in order to maintain a business and creative atmosphere;
· advising participants (allows you to develop certain beliefs among the majority of participants, which they will further defend);
preparation of the necessary materials (on paper or electronic media): these can be statistical data, materials of an express survey, an analysis of the available information in order to provide participants and listeners of the round table
II discussion stage consists of:
1. The speech of the moderator, which defines the problems and the conceptual apparatus (thesaurus), establishes the rules, the rules of the general technology of the lesson in the form of a "round table" and informing about the general rules of communication.
2. The general rules of communication include recommendations:
· - avoid common phrases;
- focus on the goal (task);
- be able to listen;
· Be active in the conversation;
- Be brief
· Provide constructive criticism;
- Do not make offensive remarks about the interlocutor.
· The facilitator must act in a directive way, strictly limiting the time of the round table participants.
3. conducting an "information attack": participants speak in a certain order, using convincing facts illustrating the current state of the problem.
4. speeches of the discussants and identification of existing opinions on the questions posed, focusing on original ideas. In order to maintain the sharpness of the discussion, it is recommended to formulate additional questions:
5. answers to discussion questions;
6. Summing up by the moderator of mini-results on speeches and discussions: formulating the main conclusions about the causes and nature of disagreements on the problem under study, ways to overcome them, about the system of measures to solve this problem.
III The final (post-discussion) stage includes:
Summing up the final results of the leader;
Establishing the overall results of the event.
Round tables is one of the most popular formats for scientific events. In fact, the Round Table is a platform for discussion of a limited number of people (usually no more than 25 people; by default, experts, respected specialists in a particular field).
But you should not use the concept of "round table" as a synonym for the concepts of "discussion", "controversy", "dialogue". It is not right. Each of them has its own content, and it only partly coincides with the content of others."Round table" is a form of organizing the exchange of opinions.What will be the nature of the exchange of views, this term does not indicate. In contrast, the concept of "discussion" implies. Within the framework of the discussion, there is a free exchange of views (open discussion of professional problems). “Controversy” is a special type of discussion, during which some participants try to refute, “destroy” their opponents. "Dialogue", in turn, is a type of speech characterized by situationality (dependence on the situation of the conversation), contextuality (conditionality of previous statements), a low degree of organization, involuntary and unplanned nature.
Purpose of the Roundtable – to provide the participants with the opportunity to express their point of view on the problem under discussion, and in the future to formulate either a common opinion, or to clearly distinguish between the different positions of the parties.
Organizational features of round tables:
- relative cheapness of holding in comparison with other "open" formats of events;
- lack of a rigid structure, rules of conduct. That is, the organizer has practically no tools for direct influence on the program (you cannot force guests to say what the organizers need), but only indirect ones. For example, it is possible to divide the entire discussion into several semantic blocks, thereby formalizing the structure of the event, but everything that happens within these blocks depends entirely on the leading Round Table; significant restrictions in terms of the number of visitors;
- intimacy of the event.
Moderation (maintenance).
The key element of any Round Table is moderation. The term "moderation" comes from the Italian "moderare" and means "softening", "restraint", "moderation", "curbing". The moderator is the moderator of the round table. In the modern sense, moderation is understood as a technique for organizing communication, thanks to which group work becomes more focused and structured.
Leader's task – not just to announce the list of participants, identify the main topics of the event and start the Round Table, but to keep in your hands everything that happens from beginning to end. Therefore, the requirements for the professional qualities of the leading Round Tables are high.
The facilitator should be able to clearly formulate the problem, not let the thought spread along the tree, highlight the main idea of the previous speaker and, with a smooth logical transition, give the floor to the next one, follow the rules. Ideally, the Roundtable leader should be impartial.
Do not forget that the moderator is also the actual participant of the Round Table. Therefore, he should not only direct the discussion, but also partially take part in it, focus the attention of those present on the information that is required, or, conversely, try to quickly translate the conversation into a new direction. It should be remembered that the facilitator is required to have the minimum necessary knowledge on the stated topic.
The leader of the Round Table should not be:
- Confused and intimidated. Such qualities are typical for beginner leaders, associated with excitement and lack of practice.
- Authoritarian. The desire to control and regulate the course of the discussion to the maximum extent, to maintain strict discipline, is not conducive to discussion.
- condoning. The facilitator is obliged to focus the discussion on the issues under discussion and concentrate it in time. Connivance on his part will contribute to the activation of alternative leaders who will try to turn attention to themselves. The discussion will begin to move away from the topic, break up into local discussions. Too active. The task of extracting information requires limiting the activity of the presenter.
- Bad listening. The facilitator's lack of listening skills will result in the loss of much of the usefulness of what was said during the discussion. In this case, the most subtle comments received as a result of the public discussion, which provide the basis for deepening the discussion, will be left without attention. The reasons for this behavior may be the desire of the Round Table leader to strictly follow the discussion questionnaire, as a result of which he concentrates his attention on it. Or the preoccupation with effectively listening to all the members of the group, not missing any of them and giving everyone equal time.
- Comedian. Assumes a concentration on the entertainment aspect of the discussion to a greater extent than on its content.
- Exhibitionist. Such a leader uses the group mainly for the purpose of self-affirmation, puts personal goals above the goals of the study. Self-admiration can be expressed in pretentious poses, unnatural gestures and intonations, moralizing and other forms of "work for the public."
Rules for the participants of the round table:
- the participant must be an expert on the topic under discussion;
- you should not agree to participate in the Round Table just for the sake of the very fact of participation: if you have nothing to say, then it is better to remain silent.
Stages of preparation of round tables:
1. Choice of topic. It is carried out with a focus on the areas of scientific work of the department and teachers. The departments propose the topics of the "Round Tables" with the rationale for the need for its discussion and development. In this case, the general rule should be taken into account: the more specifically the topic is formulated, the better. In addition, the topic should be of interest to the audience.
2. Selection of a presenter (moderator) and his preparation.The moderator must possess such qualities as communication skills, artistry, intelligence. Personal charm and a sense of tact are also important. The competence of the moderator plays a special role for the Round Table, therefore the moderator is obliged to independently prepare within the framework of the given topic of the Round Table.
3.Selection of participants and selection of experts of the Round Table.The essence of any Roundtable is to attempt to "brainstorm" on a specific problem and find answers to some important questions. To do this, it is necessary to gather in one place people who have the necessary knowledge on the problem that requires coverage. These people are called experts or specialists. The initiator needs to identify potential experts who could give qualified answers to questions that arise in the framework of the discussion of the announced topic of the Round Table. If the scale of the event goes beyond the scope of the university, it is advisable to send information letters and invitations to participate in this event to prospective participants at the preliminary stage of preparing the Round Table. It should be remembered that the formation of a group of participants provides for a differentiated approach: these should be not only competent, creatively thinking people, but also officials, representatives of the executive branch, on whom decision-making depends.
5. Preparation of a questionnaire for the Round Table participants- the purpose of the survey is to quickly and without spending a lot of time and money to get an objective idea of the opinion of the Round Table participants on the issues discussed. Questioning can be continuous (in which all participants of the Round Table are surveyed) or selective (in which some of the participants of the Round Table are surveyed). When compiling the questionnaire, it is necessary to determine the main task-problem, divide it into components, and assume on the basis of what information it will be possible to draw certain conclusions. Questions can be open, closed, semi-closed. Their wording should be short, clear in meaning, simple, precise, unambiguous. You need to start with relatively simple questions, then offer more complex ones. It is advisable to group the questions according to their meaning. Questions are usually preceded by an appeal to the survey participants, instructions for filling out the questionnaire. At the end, the participants should be thanked.
Preparation of a preliminary resolution of the Round Table.The draft final document should include a statement that lists the issues that were discussed by the Round Table participants. The resolution may contain specific recommendations to libraries, methodological centers, management bodies at various levels, developed during the discussion or decisions that can be implemented through certain activities, indicating the deadlines for their implementation and those responsible.
Methodology of the Round Table.
The round table is opened by the moderator. He represents the participants in the discussion, directs its course, monitors the rules, which are determined at the beginning of the discussion, summarizes the results, summarizes constructive proposals. The discussion within the framework of the Round Table should be constructive, and should not be limited, on the one hand, only to reports on the work done, and on the other hand, only to critical speeches. Messages should be short, no more than 10-12 minutes. The draft final document is announced at the end of the discussion (discussion), additions, changes, and amendments are made to it.
Round table options:
- The first option - the participants make presentations, then they are discussed. At the same time, the leader takes a relatively modest part in the meeting - distributes the time for speeches, gives the floor to the participants in the discussion.
- The second option - the host interviews the participants of the Round Table or puts forward abstracts for discussion. In this case, he makes sure that all the participants speak, "keeps" the course of discussion in line with the main problem, for the sake of which the meeting at the "round table" was organized. This way of holding the Round Table is of greater interest to the audience. But it requires more skill and deep knowledge of the “nuances” of the problem under discussion from the leader.
- The third option is "methodical gatherings." The organization of such a round table has its own characteristics. For discussion, questions are proposed that are essential for solving some key tasks of the educational process. The topic of discussion is not announced in advance. In this case, the skill of the host of the Round Table is to invite listeners in a relaxed atmosphere to a frank conversation on the issue under discussion and lead them to certain conclusions. The purpose of such "gatherings" is to form the correct point of view on a particular pedagogical problem; creation of a favorable psychological climate in this group of students.
- The fourth option is "methodical dialogue". Within the framework of this form of the Round Table, the listeners get acquainted with the topic of discussion in advance, receive theoretical homework. A methodical dialogue is conducted on a specific problem between the facilitator and listeners or between groups of listeners. The driving force of the dialogue is the culture of communication and the activity of the listeners. Of great importance is the overall emotional atmosphere, which allows you to evoke a sense of inner unity. In conclusion, a conclusion is made on the topic, a decision is made on further joint actions.
Presentation of materials of the Round table.
The most common options for publishing the results of round table discussions are as follows:
- a brief (reduced) summary of all the speeches of the Round Table participants.In this case, the most important is selected. The text is given on behalf of the participants in the form of direct speech. At the same time, the host of the Round Table should discuss with the speakers what exactly will be selected for printing from each speech. These rules dictate ethical requirements that must always be observed when working with authors of texts.
- general summary extracted from the various interventions made during the discussion. In fact, these are general conclusions on the material that was heard during the conversation or discussion of the Round Table.
- a complete summary of all the participants' presentations.
Round tables is one of the most popular formats for scientific events. In fact, the Round Table is a platform for discussion of a limited number of people (usually no more than 25 people; by default, experts, respected specialists in a particular field).
But you should not use the concept of "round table" as a synonym for the concepts of "discussion", "controversy", "dialogue". It is not right. Each of them has its own content, and it only partly coincides with the content of others. "Round table" is a form of organizing the exchange of opinions. What will be the nature of the exchange of views, this term does not indicate. In contrast, the concept of “discussion” implies that during, for example, a “round table”, its participants not only make presentations on some issue, but also exchange remarks, clarify each other’s positions, etc. Within the framework of the discussion, free exchange of opinions (open discussion of professional problems). “Controversy” is a special type of discussion, during which some participants try to refute, “destroy” their opponents. "Dialogue", in turn, is a type of speech characterized by situationality (dependence on the situation of the conversation), contextuality (conditionality of previous statements), a low degree of organization, involuntary and unplanned nature.
Purpose of the Roundtable – to provide the participants with the opportunity to express their point of view on the problem under discussion, and in the future to formulate either a common opinion, or to clearly distinguish between the different positions of the parties.
Organizational features of round tables:
relative cheapness of holding in comparison with other "open" formats of events;
lack of a rigid structure, rules of conduct. That is, the organizer has practically no tools for direct influence on the program (you cannot force guests to say what the organizers need), but only indirect ones. For example, it is possible to divide the entire discussion into several semantic blocks, thereby formalizing the structure of the event, but everything that happens within these blocks depends entirely on the leading Round Table; significant restrictions in terms of the number of visitors;
intimacy of the event.
Moderation (maintenance).
The key element of any Round Table is moderation. The term "moderation" comes from the Italian "moderare" and means "softening", "restraint", "moderation", "curbing". The moderator is the moderator of the round table. In the modern sense, moderation is understood as a technique for organizing communication, thanks to which group work becomes more focused and structured.
Leader's task– not just to announce the list of participants, identify the main topics of the event and start the Round Table, but to keep in your hands everything that happens from beginning to end. Therefore, the requirements for the professional qualities of the leading Round Tables are high.
The facilitator should be able to clearly formulate the problem, not let the thought spread along the tree, highlight the main idea of the previous speaker and, with a smooth logical transition, give the floor to the next one, follow the rules. Ideally, the Roundtable leader should be impartial.
Do not forget that the moderator is also the actual participant of the Round Table. Therefore, he should not only direct the discussion, but also partially take part in it, focus the attention of those present on the information that is required, or, conversely, try to quickly translate the conversation into a new direction. It should be remembered that the facilitator is required to have the minimum necessary knowledge on the stated topic.
The leader of the Round Table should not be:
Confused and intimidated. Such qualities are typical for beginner leaders, associated with excitement and lack of practice.
condoning. The facilitator is obliged to focus the discussion on the issues under discussion and concentrate it in time. Connivance on his part will contribute to the activation of alternative leaders who will try to turn attention to themselves. The discussion will begin to move away from the topic, break up into local discussions. Too active. The task of extracting information requires limiting the activity of the presenter.
Bad listening. The facilitator's lack of listening skills will result in the loss of much of the usefulness of what was said during the discussion. In this case, the most subtle comments received as a result of the public discussion, which provide the basis for deepening the discussion, will be left without attention. The reasons for this behavior may be the desire of the Round Table leader to strictly follow the discussion questionnaire, as a result of which he concentrates his attention on it. Or the preoccupation with effectively listening to all the members of the group, not missing any of them and giving everyone equal time.
Comedian. Assumes a concentration on the entertainment aspect of the discussion to a greater extent than on its content.
Exhibitionist. Such a leader uses the group mainly for the purpose of self-affirmation, puts personal goals above the goals of the study. Self-admiration can be expressed in pretentious poses, unnatural gestures and intonations, moralizing and other forms of "work for the public."
Rules for the participants of the round table:
the participant must be an expert on the topic under discussion;
you should not agree to participate in the Round Table just for the sake of the very fact of participation: if you have nothing to say, then it is better to remain silent.
Stages of preparation of round tables:
1. Choice of topic. It is carried out with a focus on the areas of scientific work of the department and teachers. The departments propose the topics of the "Round Tables" with the rationale for the need for its discussion and development. In this case, the general rule should be taken into account: the more specifically the topic is formulated, the better. In addition, the topic should be of interest to the audience.
2. Selection of a presenter (moderator) and his preparation. The moderator must possess such qualities as communication skills, artistry, intelligence. Personal charm and a sense of tact are also important. The competence of the moderator plays a special role for the Round Table, therefore the moderator is obliged to independently prepare within the framework of the given topic of the Round Table.
3.Selection of participants and selection of experts of the Round Table. The essence of any Roundtable is to attempt to "brainstorm" on a specific problem and find answers to some important questions. To do this, it is necessary to gather in one place people who have the necessary knowledge on the problem that requires coverage. These people are called experts or specialists. The initiator needs to identify potential experts who could give qualified answers to questions that arise in the framework of the discussion of the announced topic of the Round Table. If the scale of the event goes beyond the scope of the university, it is advisable to send information letters and invitations to participate in this event to prospective participants at the preliminary stage of preparing the Round Table. It should be remembered that the formation of a group of participants provides for a differentiated approach: these should be not only competent, creatively thinking people, but also officials, representatives of the executive branch, on whom decision-making depends.
5. Preparation of a questionnaire for the Round Table participants - the purpose of the survey is to quickly and without spending a lot of time and money to get an objective idea of the opinion of the Round Table participants on the issues discussed. Questioning can be continuous (in which all participants of the Round Table are surveyed) or selective (in which some of the participants of the Round Table are surveyed). When compiling the questionnaire, it is necessary to determine the main task-problem, divide it into components, and assume on the basis of what information it will be possible to draw certain conclusions. Questions can be open, closed, semi-closed. Their wording should be short, clear in meaning, simple, precise, unambiguous. You need to start with relatively simple questions, then offer more complex ones. It is advisable to group the questions according to their meaning. Questions are usually preceded by an appeal to the survey participants, instructions for filling out the questionnaire. At the end, the participants should be thanked.
Preparation of a preliminary resolution of the Round Table. The draft final document should include a statement that lists the issues that were discussed by the Round Table participants. The resolution may contain specific recommendations to libraries, methodological centers, management bodies at various levels, developed during the discussion or decisions that can be implemented through certain activities, indicating the deadlines for their implementation and those responsible.
Methodology of the Round Table.
The round table is opened by the moderator. He represents the participants in the discussion, directs its course, monitors the rules, which are determined at the beginning of the discussion, summarizes the results, summarizes constructive proposals. The discussion within the framework of the Round Table should be constructive, and should not be limited, on the one hand, only to reports on the work done, and on the other hand, only to critical speeches. Messages should be short, no more than 10-12 minutes. The draft final document is announced at the end of the discussion (discussion), additions, changes, and amendments are made to it.
Round table options:
The first option - the participants make presentations, then they are discussed. At the same time, the leader takes a relatively modest part in the meeting - distributes the time for speeches, gives the floor to the participants in the discussion.
The second option - the host interviews the participants of the Round Table or puts forward abstracts for discussion. In this case, he makes sure that all the participants speak, "keeps" the course of discussion in line with the main problem, for the sake of which the meeting at the "round table" was organized. This way of holding the Round Table is of greater interest to the audience. But it requires more skill and deep knowledge of the “nuances” of the problem under discussion from the leader.
The third option is "methodical gatherings." The organization of such a round table has its own characteristics. For discussion, questions are proposed that are essential for solving some key tasks of the educational process. The topic of discussion is not announced in advance. In this case, the skill of the host of the Round Table is to invite listeners in a relaxed atmosphere to a frank conversation on the issue under discussion and lead them to certain conclusions. The purpose of such "gatherings" is to form the correct point of view on a particular pedagogical problem; creation of a favorable psychological climate in this group of students.
The fourth option is "methodical dialogue". Within the framework of this form of the Round Table, the listeners get acquainted with the topic of discussion in advance, receive theoretical homework. A methodical dialogue is conducted on a specific problem between the facilitator and listeners or between groups of listeners. The driving force of the dialogue is the culture of communication and the activity of the listeners. Of great importance is the overall emotional atmosphere, which allows you to evoke a sense of inner unity. In conclusion, a conclusion is made on the topic, a decision is made on further joint actions.
Presentation of materials of the Round table.
The most common options for publishing the results of round table discussions are as follows:
a brief (reduced) summary of all the speeches of the Round Table participants. In this case, the most important is selected. The text is given on behalf of the participants in the form of direct speech. At the same time, the host of the Round Table should discuss with the speakers what exactly will be selected for printing from each speech. These rules dictate ethical requirements that must always be observed when working with authors of texts.
general summary extracted from the various interventions made during the discussion. In fact, these are general conclusions on the material that was heard during the conversation or discussion of the Round Table.
a complete summary of all the participants' presentations.
