Three stories about war children. War stories

Bulbul.

Fighting in Stalingrad does not subside. The Nazis are rushing to the Volga.

Some fascist pissed off Sergeant Noskov. The trenches of ours and the Nazis here passed side by side. Speech is heard from trench to trench.

The fascist sits in his shelter, shouting:

Rus, tomorrow bul-bul!

That is, he wants to say that tomorrow the Nazis will break through to the Volga, throw the defenders of Stalingrad into the Volga.

The fascist sits, does not stick out. Only a voice from the trench comes:

Rus, tomorrow bul-bul. - And clarifies: - Bul-bul at Volga.

This "boom-boo" is getting on the nerves of Sergeant Noskov.

Others are calm. Some of the soldiers even chuckle. And Noskov:

Eka, damn Fritz! Yes, show yourself. Let me take a look at you.

The Hitlerite just leaned out. Noskov looked, other soldiers looked. Reddish. Ospovat. Ears up. The cap on the crown miraculously holds.

The fascist leaned out and again:

Bool-boo!

One of our soldiers grabbed a rifle. He jumped up and took aim.

Don't touch! Noskov said sternly.

The soldier looked at Noskov in surprise. Shrugged. Pulled out the rifle.

Until the very evening, the eared German croaked: “Rus, tomorrow bul-bul. Tomorrow at Volga.

By evening, the fascist soldier fell silent.

“He fell asleep,” they understood in our trenches. Gradually, our soldiers began to doze. Suddenly they see someone starting to crawl out of the trench. They look - Sergeant Noskov. And behind him is his best friend, Private Turyanchik. My friends-friends got out of the trench, clung to the ground, crawled to the German trench.

The soldiers woke up. They are perplexed. Why did Noskov and Turyanchik suddenly go to visit the Nazis? The soldiers look there, to the west, their eyes break in the dark. The soldiers began to worry.

But someone said:

Brothers, crawl back.

The second confirmed:

That's right, they're coming back.

The soldiers peered - right. Creep, hugging the ground, friends. Just not two of them. Three. The fighters took a closer look: the third fascist soldier, the same one - "bul-bul". He just doesn't crawl. Noskov and Turyanchik drag him. A gag in the soldier's mouth.

Friends of the screamer were dragged into the trench. We rested and went on to the headquarters.

However, the road fled to the Volga. They grabbed the fascist by the hands, by the neck, they dipped him into the Volga.

Bool bool, bool bool! - shouts mischievously Turyanchik.

Bul-bool, - the fascist blows bubbles. Shaking like an aspen leaf.

Don't be afraid, don't be afraid, - said Noskov. - Russian does not beat a lying person.

The soldiers handed over the prisoner to the headquarters.

He waved goodbye to the fascist Noskov.

Bull-bull, - said Turyanchik, saying goodbye.

Evil last name.

The soldier of his surname was shy. He was unlucky at birth. His surname is Trusov.

Military time. Surname catchy.

Already in the military registration and enlistment office, when a soldier was drafted into the army, the first question was:

Surname?

Trusov.

How how?

Trusov.

Y-yes ... - drawled the employees of the military registration and enlistment office.

The fighter got into the company.

What's the last name?

Private Trusov.

How how?

Private Trusov.

Y-yes ... - the commander drawled.

A soldier took on a lot of troubles from the surname. All around jokes and jokes:

Looks like your ancestor was not a hero.

In a wagon train with such a surname!

Will bring field mail. The soldiers will gather in a circle. Letters are being distributed. Names are called:

Kozlov! Sizov! Smirnov!

Everything is fine. Soldiers approach, take their letters.

Shout out:

Cowards!

Soldiers laugh all around.

The surname somehow does not fit with wartime. Woe to the soldier with this surname.

As part of his 149th separate rifle brigade, Private Trusov arrived near Stalingrad. The fighters were transported across the Volga to the right bank. The brigade went into action.

Well, Trusov, let's see what kind of soldier you are, - said the squad leader.

Trusov does not want to disgrace himself. Tries. Soldiers go on the attack. Suddenly, an enemy machine gun fired from the left. Trusov turned around. From the machine gave a turn. The enemy machine gun fell silent.

Well done! - praised the fighter squad leader.

The soldiers ran a few more steps. The machine gun fires again.

Now to the right. Trusov turned. I approached the machine gunner. Threw a grenade. And this fascist subsided.

Hero! the squad leader said.

The soldiers lay down. They are shooting with the Nazis. The fight is over. The soldiers of the killed enemies were counted. Twenty people ended up at the place where Private Trusov was firing.

Oh-oh! - broke out from the squad leader. - Well, brother, your surname is evil. Evil!

Trusov smiled.

For courage and determination in battle, Private Trusov was awarded a medal.

The medal "For Courage" hangs on the hero's chest. Whoever meets it will squint its eyes at the reward.

The first question for the soldier is now:

What is the award for, hero?

No one will ask again the name now. No one will giggle now. With malice, the word will not leave.

From now on, it is clear to the fighter: the honor of a soldier is not in the surname - the deeds of a person are painted.

Stories by Sergei Alekseev

Fascinating and interesting military history. Stories about the events taking place during the years of the Great Patriotic War.

BEAR

The soldiers of one of the Siberian divisions in those days when the division went to the front, fellow countrymen gave a little bear cub. Mishka got used to the soldier's car. Importantly went to the front.

Toptygin came to the front. The teddy bear turned out to be extremely smart. And most importantly, from birth he had a heroic character. Not afraid of bombings. It did not clog into corners during artillery shelling. He only grumbled with displeasure if the shells were bursting very close.

Mishka visited the Southwestern Front, then - as part of the troops that crushed the Nazis near Stalingrad. Then for some time he was with the troops in the rear, in the front-line reserve. Then he ended up as part of the 303rd Infantry Division on the Voronezh Front, then on the Central, again on the Voronezh. He was in the armies of generals Managarov, Chernyakhovsky, again Managarov. The teddy bear grew up during this time. It resounded in the shoulders. The bass cut through. It became a boyar fur coat.

In the battles near Kharkov, the bear distinguished himself. At the crossings he walked with a convoy in an economic column. So it was this time. There were heavy, bloody battles. Once the economic column came under a strong blow from the Nazis. The Nazis surrounded the column. The forces are unequal, it's hard for ours. The soldiers took up defense. Only the defense is weak. The Soviet soldiers would not leave.

Yes, but suddenly the Nazis hear some kind of terrible roar! "What would it be?" - guess the Nazis. Listened, watched.

Ber! Ber! Bear! someone shouted.

That's right - Mishka got up on his hind legs, growled and went to the Nazis. The Nazis did not expect, they rushed to the side. And ours hit at that moment. Escaped from the environment.

The bear walked in heroes.

He would be rewarded, - the soldiers laughed.

He received a reward: a plate of fragrant honey. Ate and growled. I licked the plate to a shine, to a shine. Added honey. Added again. Eat, eat, hero. Toptygin!

Soon the Voronezh Front was renamed the 1st Ukrainian. Together with the troops of the front, Mishka went to the Dnieper.

Bear grew up. Quite a giant. Where are the soldiers during the war to mess with such a bulk! The soldiers decided: we will come to Kyiv - we will settle him in the zoo. We will write on the cage: the bear is a well-deserved veteran and a participant in the great battle.

However, the road to Kyiv passed. Their division passed by. The bear was not left in the menagerie. Even the soldiers are happy now.

From Ukraine Mishka got to Belarus. He took part in the battles near Bobruisk, then ended up in the army, which was going to Belovezhskaya Pushcha.

Belovezhskaya Pushcha is a paradise for animals and birds. The best place in the entire planet. The soldiers decided: this is where we will leave Mishka.

That's right: under his pines. Under the fir.

That's where he is expanse.

Our troops liberated the area of Belovezhskaya Pushcha. And now the hour of parting has come. Fighters and a bear are standing in a forest clearing.

Farewell, Toptygin!

Play freely!

Live, start a family!

Mishka stood in the clearing. He got up on his hind legs. Looked at the green bushes. The smell of the forest inhaled through the nose.

He went with a rolling gait into the forest. From paw to paw. From paw to paw. The soldiers look after:

Be happy, Mikhail Mikhalych!

And suddenly a terrible explosion thundered in the clearing. The soldiers ran to the explosion - dead, motionless Toptygin.

A bear stepped on a fascist mine. We checked - there are many of them in Belovezhskaya Pushcha.

The war goes on without mercy. War has no weariness.

STING

Our troops liberated Moldova. The Nazis were pushed back beyond the Dnieper, beyond Reut. They took Floreshty, Tiraspol, Orhei. We approached the capital of Moldova, the city of Chisinau.

Here two of our fronts advanced at once - the 2nd Ukrainian and the 3rd Ukrainian. Near Chisinau, Soviet troops were supposed to surround a large fascist group. Fulfill the fronts of the indication of the Rate. To the north and west of Chisinau, the 2nd Ukrainian Front is advancing. East and south - the 3rd Ukrainian Front. Generals Malinovsky and Tolbukhin were at the head of the fronts.

Fedor Ivanovich, - General Malinovsky calls General Tolbukhin, - how is the offensive developing?

Everything is going according to plan, Rodion Yakovlevich, - General Tolbukhin answers General Malinovsky.

Troops march forward. They bypass the enemy. Ticks begin to squeeze.

Rodion Yakovlevich, - General Tolbukhin calls General Malinovsky, - how is the environment developing?

The encirclement is proceeding normally, Fyodor Ivanovich, - General Malinovsky answers General Tolbukhin and clarifies: - Exactly according to plan, on time.

And then the giant pincers closed. Eighteen fascist divisions turned out to be in a huge bag near Chisinau. Our troops began to defeat the fascists who fell into the bag.

Satisfied Soviet soldiers:

The beast will be slammed again with a trap.

There was talk: now the fascist is not terrible, at least take it with your bare hands.

However, the soldier Igoshin had a different opinion:

A fascist is a fascist. The serpentine character is serpentine. A wolf and a wolf in a trap.

The soldiers laugh

So it was at what time!

Now another price for a fascist.

A fascist is a fascist, - again Igoshin about his own.

That's because the character is harmful!

Everything is more difficult in the bag for the Nazis. They began to surrender. They also surrendered at the site of the 68th Guards Rifle Division. Igoshin served in one of her battalions.

A group of fascists came out of the forest. Everything is as it should be: hands up, a white flag is thrown over the group.

Clear - go to surrender.

The soldiers revived, shouting to the Nazis:

Please, please! It is high time!

The soldiers turned to Igoshin:

Well, why is your fascist terrible?

Soldiers are crowding, they are looking at the Nazis going to surrender. There are newcomers in the battalion. For the first time, the Nazis are seen so close. And they, the newcomers, are also not at all afraid of the Nazis - after all, they are going to surrender.

The Nazis are getting closer, closer. Close at all. And suddenly burst burst. The Nazis began to shoot.

A lot of ours would have died. Yes, thanks to Igoshin. He kept his weapon at the ready. The retaliatory immediately opened fire. Then others helped.

The firing went off on the field. The soldiers approached Igoshin:

Thank you brother. And the fascist, look, with a snake indeed, it turns out, a sting.

The Chisinau “cauldron” brought a lot of trouble to our soldiers. The fascists rushed. They rushed in different directions. Went to deceit, to meanness. They tried to leave. But in vain. Soldiers clamped them with a heroic hand. Clamped. Squeezed. The snake's sting was pulled out.

Sergei Alekseev's stories about the war. Stories: Aerostatchik and Shock. These are stories about the exploits of the military detachment of balloonists and about the heroes of the 1st Shock Army.

AEROSTATCHIK

Among the defenders of Moscow was a detachment of balloonists. Aerostats rose into the Moscow sky. With the help of metal cables, barriers were created against Nazi bombers.

Somehow the soldiers lowered one of the balloons. The winch creaks monotonously. A steel cable, like a thread, creeps along a bobbin. With the help of this cable, the balloon is lowered. He's getting lower, lower. Ropes hang from the shell of the balloon. These are halyards. The fighters will grab the balloon now by the halyards. Holding on to the halyards, they will drag the balloon to the parking lot. Strengthen, tie him to the supports.

The balloon is huge. It looks like an elephant, like a mammoth. The colossus will obediently follow the people. This is usually. But it happens that the balloon gets stubborn. That is if there is wind. At such moments, the balloon, like a skittish steed, breaks and breaks from the leash.

That memorable day for the Veligura soldier turned out to be exactly windy.

The balloon is descending. Stands Private Veligura. There are others. Now they will grab the halyards.

Grabbed Veligur. Others didn't make it. The balloon exploded. Veligur hears some sort of pop. Then Veligura twitched. The earth moved away from my feet. The fighter looked, and he was already in the air. It turned out that the cable burst, with the help of which the balloon was lowered by the winch. Veligura dragged the balloon behind him into the skies.

Drop the files!

Drop the files! comrades shout from below to Veligure.

Veligur did not understand at first what was the matter. And when I figured it out, it's too late. The earth is far below. Higher and higher the balloon.

The soldier is holding the rope. The situation is simply tragic. How long can a person stay like that? A minute more, a minute less. Then his strength will leave. The unfortunate will collapse down.

The same would have happened with Veligura. Yes, it is clear that a fighter was born in a shirt. Although, rather, just Veligura is a resourceful fighter. He grabbed the rope with his feet. It's easier to hold on now. Spirit moved, rested. He tries to make a loop with his feet on a rope. Achieved soldier of luck. The fighter made a loop. I made a loop and sat in it. The danger has completely disappeared. Veligura cheered up. It is interesting even now to the fighter. It's the first time I've risen so high. Soars like an eagle over the steppe.

The soldier is looking at the ground. Moscow floats under it like a labyrinth of houses and streets. And here is the outskirts. The city is over. Over the countryside Veligura flies by the area. And suddenly the fighter realizes that the wind is carrying him towards the front. Here is the area of battles, here is the front line.

The Nazis saw a Soviet balloon. They opened fire. Shells explode nearby. Uncomfortable balloon fighter.

This would have happened, of course, with Veligura. Yes, it is clear that a fighter was born in a shirt. Do not hurt, explosions pass by.

But the main thing - suddenly, as if on command, the wind changed direction. Veligura was carried back to Moscow. The fighter returned almost to the same place where he left. Happily descended.

The soldier lives. Unharmed. Healthy.

So it turned out that ordinary Veligura flew to the enemies in a balloon almost the same way as the famous Baron Munchausen once rode a cannonball into an enemy fortress.

Things are good. There is only one problem. Few believed in this flight. As soon as Veligura begins to tell, friends immediately shout:

Well, well, lie, bend, twist!

Not Veligura now Veligura. As soon as the poor fellow opens his mouth, he immediately rushes:

Baron Munchausen!

War is war. Anything happens here. It happens that they consider it a fairy tale.

IMPACT

Kharlov Ivan served as a machine gunner in the 1st Shock Army.

On November 28, 1941, the Nazis attacked the city of Yakhroma with a tank attack. Yakhroma stands exactly to the north from Moscow, on the banks of the Moscow-Volga canal. The Nazis broke into the city, went to the canal. They captured the bridge over the canal, crossed to its eastern bank.

Tank formations of the enemy bypassed Moscow from the north. The situation was difficult, almost critical.

The 1st Shock Army was ordered to stop the enemy.

Shock was drawn into the battle. Together with others in battle and Harlov. He is experienced in combat. An infantry company went on the offensive. Kharlov fell to the machine gun. Protects Soviet shooters with fire from his machine gun. Works like a Harl. Not in a hurry. In vain does not let bullets into the field. Saves ammo. Hits right on target. Shoots in short bursts. Harlov feels himself as if responsible for the life of the foot soldiers. As if every extra death on his account.

Good for fighters under such protection.

And suddenly a fragment of a fascist mine mangled the barrel of a machine gun near Kharlov.

Broke off, the fire died out.

And the enemy goes on the attack again. Harlov looks - the Nazis took advantage of the fact that his machine gun died down, pushed the cannon forward. The cannon is about to hit our company. Kharlov's hands clenched into fists from resentment. Then he stood for a moment and suddenly crouched down on the ground, pressed himself and somehow like a crab, sideways, taking a little bypass, crawled towards the enemy cannon.

The soldiers saw it and froze.

"Fathers, certain death!"

The soldiers glared at Harlov. This is closer to the Harlov cannon, this is closer. Here it is, quite close. Got up in height. Swung. Threw a grenade. Destroyed the fascist calculation.

The soldiers didn't hold back.

Hooray for Harlov!

Well, Ivan Andreich, now run.

They just shouted, they see: fascist tanks came out from behind the hillock and go straight to Kharlov.

Run! the soldiers shout again.

However, something Harlov is delaying. Doesn't run away.

The soldiers took a closer look.

Look, look! one shouts.

The soldiers see - Harlov turns a fascist cannon towards the tanks. Unfolded. Crouched down. Got on target.

Shot. The fascist tank caught fire. The hero knocked out two tanks. The rest turned aside.

The battle continued until the evening. The Shock Army of the Nazis threw back the canal again. Restored the position here.

Satisfied soldiers:

How else! That's why Shock!

How could it be otherwise, since there are people like Harlov.

The story of Sergei Alekseev Berlin celebrity is a story about the famous Soviet sniper during the Great Patriotic War, about Vasily Zaitsev.

BERLIN CELEBRITY

There were many famous snipers on the Stalingrad front: Viktor Medvedev, Gilfan Avzalov, Anatoly Chekhov ... The most famous is Vasily Zaitsev. Almost three hundred killed Nazis on account of the famous sniper.

The Nazis decided to destroy the well-aimed shooter. They put a big reward on whoever kills a Soviet sniper. Only cautious, experienced Zaitsev. The Nazis are unable to determine from where, from what place the soldier is shooting. Changes fighter positions. Today he sits in a trench. Tomorrow it will hide behind the masonry of the cellar. From the windows of the broken house he shoots on the third day. Climbing under the belly of a burned-out tank, it hits the enemy for the fourth.

The promised reward does not help. There is no shooter among the Nazis near Stalingrad who would be equal to Vasily Zaitsev.

The Nazis increased the reward. Hunters are everywhere. Only no luck. There is no shooter among the Germans near Stalingrad who could overpower Zaitsev.

Too bad for the fascists. The Nazi commanders remembered that in Berlin there was a famous German shooter, Major Konings, the head of the school of fascist snipers. Conings was urgently summoned to Stalingrad. A Berlin sniper arrived on a special plane.

Konings learned the name of the Russian craftsman.

Zaitsev? Ho-ho! - laughed.

A resourceful one was found among the German soldiers:

Major, there is Medvedev among them!

And Viktor Medvedev really after Vasily

Zaitsev was the most accurate shooter at the front.

The Berlin guest understood the joke:

Oh-oh!

Conings is tall and broad-shouldered. On the neck is the Iron Cross.

German soldiers look at Konings - that's who will do away with Zaitsev. And at the same time with Medvedev, Avzalov, Chekhov ...

And now Major Conings and Vasily Zaitsev met in a sniper fight.

Careful, the very caution of Conings. Zaitsev is even more careful.

Glazast Conings. Zaitsev is even more big-eyed.

Patient Conings. Zaitsev is even more patient.

For four days the arrows sat in front of each other. They were waiting to see who would give himself away first, who would be the first to make a mistake.

Conings goes to various tricks. Everything is trying to make the Soviet sniper lean out for at least a second from behind the shelter. And Zaitsev is thinking the same thing: how to force Major Conings to leave his hiding place for a second.

Heather Conings. Zaitsev is even more cunning. He called the soldier Nikolai Kulikov to him, instructed: sit, they say, next to me. Take a stick, put a helmet on a stick, stick it out of the trench a little. If a shot is fired, throw up your hands, scream and fall.

It's clear?

It's clear! - the soldier answered.

Kulikov put his helmet out of the trench, and immediately on the helmet - a bullet. As agreed, Kulikov threw up his hands, cried out and fell to the bottom of the trench. Glad Conings to his luck. I am sure that struck Zaitsev. He was curious to look: he stuck his head out from behind the shelter, looked. I looked, and immediately a bullet from Vasily Zaitsev struck down Major Conings.

A Berlin celebrity lies motionless on Stalingrad land. On the neck, the Iron Cross sticks out like a grave cross.

Stories about the Great Patriotic War by Vladimir Bogomolov

Vladimir Bogomolov. Extraordinary morning

Grandfather went up to his grandson's bed, tickled his cheek with his grayish mustache and said cheerfully:

- Well, Ivanka, get up! It's time to get up!

The boy quickly opened his eyes and saw that his grandfather was dressed unusually: instead of the usual dark suit, he was wearing a military tunic. Vanya immediately recognized this tunic - grandfather was photographed in it in May 1945 on the last day of the war in Berlin. On the tunic there are green epaulettes with a small green star on a narrow red stripe, and medals on beautiful multi-colored ribbons lightly jingle above the pocket.

On the photograph, grandfather is very similar, only his mustache is completely black, and a thick wavy forelock peeked out from under the visor of his cap.

- Ivan the Bogatyr, get up! Get ready for a hike! grandfather hummed merrily in his ear.

“Is today already Sunday?” Vanya asked. - Are we going to the circus?

- Yes. Today is Sunday, - grandfather pointed to a sheet of the calendar. But Sunday is special.

The boy looked at the calendar: "What is this special Sunday?" he thought. On the calendar sheet, the name of the month, the number was printed in red ink. As always. “Maybe today is Victory Day? But this holiday happens in the spring, in May, and now it’s still winter ... Why is grandfather in military uniform?

- Yes, you have a good look, - said grandfather and lifted Vanya in his arms, brought him to the calendar and asked:

Do you see what month it is? And he answered himself:

— month of February. And the number? Second. And what happened on that day, many, many years ago, in 1943? Forgot? Oh, Ivan - a soldier's grandson! I told you, and more than once. And last year, and the year before ... Well, remember? ..

“No,” Vanya admitted honestly. “I was very young then.

Grandfather lowered his grandson to the floor, squatted down and pointed to a polished yellow medal, which hung on the tunic first after two silver ones - "For Courage" and "For Military Merit". Soldiers with rifles were minted on the circle of the medal. They went on the attack under an unfurled banner. Planes flew over them, and tanks rushed to the side. At the top, near the very edge, it was ousted: "For the defense of Stalingrad."

I remember, I remember! Vanya shouted with delight. - On this day, you defeated the Nazis on the Volga ...

Grandfather smoothed his mustache and, pleased, boomed:

- Well done for remembering! Didn't forget, that is. So today we will go with you to the places where the fighting took place, where we stopped the Nazis and from where they drove us all the way to Berlin!

Let's go, reader, and we will follow our grandfather, and remember those days when the fate of our country, our Motherland was decided near the city on the Volga.

Grandfather and grandson walked through the winter sunny city. The snow crunched underfoot. Loud trams rushed by. Trolleybuses rustled heavily with large tires. Cars rushed by one by one... Tall poplars and wide maples nodded amiably to pedestrians with snow-covered branches... Sunbeams bounced off the blue windows of new houses and briskly jumped from floor to floor.

Coming out to the wide Railway Station Square, grandfather and the boy stopped at a snow-covered flower bed.

Above the station building, a tall spire with a golden star rose into the blue sky.

Grandfather took out a cigarette case, lit a cigarette, looked around the railway station, the square, new houses, and again the events of the distant war years were remembered to him ... a junior reserve lieutenant, a veteran soldier.

The Great Patriotic War was on.

Hitler forced other countries, his allies, to participate in the war against us.

The enemy was strong and dangerous.

We had to temporarily retreat to our troops. We had to temporarily give our lands to the enemy - the Baltic states, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus ...

The Nazis wanted to take Moscow. We were already looking at the capital through binoculars ... The day of the parade was appointed ...

Yes, Soviet soldiers defeated enemy troops near Moscow in the winter of 1941.

Having suffered a defeat near Moscow, Hitler ordered his generals in the summer of 1942 to break through to the Volga and capture the city of Stalingrad.

Access to the Volga and the capture of Stalingrad could ensure the successful advance of the Nazi troops to the Caucasus, to its oil wealth.

In addition, the capture of Stalingrad would divide the front of our armies in two, cut off the central regions from the southern ones, and, most importantly, would enable the Nazis to bypass Moscow from the east and take it.

Having transferred 90 divisions to the south, all the reserves, creating an advantage in manpower and equipment, the fascist generals in mid-July 1942 broke through the defenses of our Southwestern Front and moved towards Stalingrad.

The Soviet command did everything to detain the enemy.

Two reserve armies were urgently allocated. They stood in the way of the Nazis.

The Stalingrad Front was created between the Volga and the Don.

Women, children, the elderly were evacuated from the city. Defensive structures were built around the city. Steel hedgehogs and gouges stood in the way of the Nazi tanks.

At each factory, workers created battalions of volunteer militias. During the day they assembled tanks, made shells, and after the shift they prepared to defend the city.

The fascist generals received an order to wipe out the city on the Volga.

And on a sunny day on August 23, 1942, thousands of planes with black crosses hit Stalingrad.

Wave after wave came "Junkers" and "Heinkels", dropping hundreds of bombs on residential areas of the city. Buildings collapsed, huge pillars of fire rose to the sky. The whole city was shrouded in smoke - the glow of burning Stalingrad could be seen for tens of kilometers.

After the raid, the fascist generals reported to Hitler: the city has been destroyed!

And they received an order: take Stalingrad!

The Nazis managed to break through to the outskirts of the city, to the tractor factory and to the Oak ravine. But there they were met by battalions of volunteer workers, Chekists, anti-aircraft gunners and cadets of a military school.

The battle went on all day and all night. The Nazis did not enter the city.

Vladimir Bogomolov. Fedoseev Battalion

Enemy soldiers managed to break through to the railway station of the city.

There were fierce battles at the station for fourteen days. The fighters of the battalion of senior lieutenant Fedoseev stood to the death, repelling more and more new attacks of the enemy.

Our command kept in touch with Fedoseev's battalion, first by telephone, and when the Nazis surrounded the station, then by radio.

But Fedoseev did not answer the call signs of the headquarters. They called him all day, but he was silent. It was decided that all the soldiers of the battalion were killed. Morning came, and over the broken roof of one of the houses they saw a red banner fluttering. This means that the Fedoseyevites are alive and continue to fight the enemy!

The army commander, General Chuikov, ordered that the order be delivered to Senior Lieutenant Fedoseev, so that he and the soldiers retreated to new positions.

Sergeant Smirnov was sent as a messenger. The sergeant somehow got to the ruins of the station and found out that only ten people remained from the battalion. The commander, Senior Lieutenant Fedoseev, also died.

The messenger asks: “Why are you silent? Why don't you answer the calls of the headquarters?

It turned out that the projectile broke the radio. The radio operator was killed.

The fighters began to wait for the night to retreat to new positions. And at this time the Nazis again launched an attack.

Tanks in front, and machine gunners behind them.

The Fedoseyevites lay down in the ruins.

The enemy soldiers are advancing.

Getting closer. Closer.

Fedoseevtsy are silent.

The Nazis decided that all our soldiers had died ... And, rising to their full height, they rushed to the station.

- Fire! - came the command.

Machine guns and machine guns fired.

Molotov cocktails flew into the tanks.

One tank caught fire, another stalled, a third stopped, a fourth turned back, followed by fascist submachine gunners...

The fighters took advantage of the panic of the enemy, removed the banner pierced by fragments and went to their cellars to their new positions.

The Nazis paid dearly for the station.

In mid-September, the Nazi troops intensified their attacks again.

They managed to break into the city center. There were battles for every street, for every house, for every floor...

From the station, grandfather and grandson went to the Volga embankment.

Let's go after them.

Near the house where they stopped, a tank turret is mounted on a gray square pedestal.

Here, during the battles for the city, the headquarters of the main, central, crossing was located.

To the right and to the left of this place, trenches stretched along the entire Volga coast. Here our troops defended the approaches to the Volga, from here they repulsed enemy attacks.

Such monuments - a green tank tower on a pedestal - stand along our entire line of defense.

Here the soldiers-Stalingraders took an oath: "Not a step back!" Further, to the Volga, they did not let the enemy in - they protected the approaches to the crossings across the river. Our troops received reinforcements from the other side.

There were several crossings across the Volga, but the Nazis were especially fierce near the central one.

Vladimir Bogomolov. Flight "Swallows"

Enemy bombers hovered over the Volga day and night.

They chased not only tugs, self-propelled guns, but also fishing boats, small rafts - sometimes the wounded were transported to them.

But the rivermen of the city and the sailors of the Volga flotilla, in spite of everything, delivered the goods.

Once upon a time there was...

Sergeant Smirnov is summoned to the command post and given the task: to get to the other side and tell the head of the rear of the army that the troops will hold out at the central crossing for the night, and in the morning there will be nothing to repel enemy attacks. Ammunition needs to be delivered urgently.

Somehow, the sergeant got to the head of the rear, handed over the order of the commander, General Chuikov.

The fighters quickly loaded a large barge and began to wait for the launch.

They wait and think: “A powerful tugboat will come, pick up a barge and quickly throw it across the Volga.”

The fighters are looking - an old steamer is plopping, and it is somehow inappropriately named - "Swallow". The noise from it is such that plug your ears, and the speed is like that of a turtle. "Well, they think - you can't get to the middle of the river on this one."

But the barge commander tried to reassure the fighters:

- Don't look that the little steamer is slow. He transported more than one barge like ours. The team at the "Swallow" is fighting.

Suitable "Swallow" to the barge. The fighters are watching, but there are only three teams on it: a captain, a mechanic and a girl.

Before the steamboat had time to approach the barge, the girl, the daughter of the mechanic Grigoriev - Irina, deftly hooked the hook of the cable and shouted:

- Let's get a few people on the longboat, you will help fight off the Nazis!

Sergeant Smirnov and two fighters jumped onto the deck, and the "Swallow" dragged the barge.

As soon as they reached the reach, German reconnaissance aircraft circled in the air, rockets hung on parachutes over the crossing.

It became as bright as day.

Bombers swooped in behind the scouts and began to dive first onto a barge, then onto a longboat.

Fighters from rifles hit the planes, bombers almost touch the pipes, the masts of the longboat with their wings. To the right and left along the sides are columns of water from bomb explosions. After each explosion, the fighters look around anxiously: “Is that all. Got it?!" They look - the barge is moving towards the shore.

The captain of the Swallow, Vasily Ivanovich Krainov, an old Volgar, know the steering wheel turns left and right, maneuvers - takes the longboat away from direct hits. And all - forward, to the shore.

German mortars noticed the steamboat and the barge and also began to fire.

Mines howl flying by, splashing into the water, shrapnel whistling.

One mine hit the barge.

The fire started. The flames ran across the deck.

What to do? Break the rope? The fire is about to get close to the boxes with shells. But the captain of the longboat turned the helm sharply, and ... The Lastochka went to approach the burning barge.

Somehow they moored to the high side, grabbed hooks, fire extinguishers, buckets of sand - and onto the barge.

The first is Irina, followed by the fighters. Fall asleep fire on deck. They knock him off the boxes. And no one thinks that any box can explode every minute.

The fighters threw off their overcoats, pea jackets, they cover the flames with them. Fire burns hands and faces. Stuffy. Smoke. Breathing is difficult.

But the fighters and the Lastochka team turned out to be stronger than the fire. The ammunition was salvaged and brought to shore.

All the longboats and boats of the Volga flotilla had so many such flights that they could not be counted. Heroic flights.

Soon in the city on the Volga, where there was a central crossing, a monument to all rivermen-heroes will be erected.

Vladimir Bogomolov. 58 days on fire

From the central crossing to Lenin Square, the main square of the city, very close.

Even from a distance, passers-by from the wall of the house, which overlooks the square, notice a soldier in a helmet. The soldier looks attentively and seriously, as if asking not to forget about those who fought here, on the square.

Before the war, few people knew this house - only those who lived in it. Now this house is famous!

Pavlov's House! Soldier's House!

This house was then the only surviving house on the square, not far from the crossing.

The Nazis managed to capture him.

Having placed machine guns and mortars on the floors, the enemy soldiers began to fire at our positions.

The commander of the regiment Elin summoned scouts - Sergeant Yakov Pavlov and fighters: Sasha Alexandrov, Vasily Glushchenko and Nikolai Chernogolov.

"Here's what, guys," said the colonel, "go visit the Fritz at night." Find out how many of them are there, how best to get to them and whether it is possible to knock them out of there.

This house is a very important object in a strategic sense. Whoever owns it keeps the entire Volga region under fire ...

At night at that time the streets were as dark as a cave. The Nazi soldiers were very afraid of the dark. Every now and then they fired flares into the night sky. And as soon as they notice any movement on our part, something suspicious, they immediately open a hurricane of fire.

On such a disturbing night, Sergeant Pavlov and his comrades went on reconnaissance. Where bent over, and where they crawled in a plastunsky way, they reached the extreme wall of this house.

Lie down, not breathing. Listen.

The Nazis in the house are talking, smoking, shooting from rocket launchers.

Pavlov crawled up to the entrance and hid. He hears someone coming up from the basement.

The sergeant prepared a grenade. Then a rocket lit up the sky, and the scout saw an old woman at the entrance. And she saw the fighter, was delighted.

Pavlov quietly asks:

— What are you doing here?

“We didn’t have time to leave for the Volga. There are several families here. The Germans drove us into the basement.

- Understandably. Are there many Germans in the house?

- In those entrances we do not know, but in ours there are twenty people.

- Thank you, mother. Hide quickly in the basement. Tell the rest: do not go out to anyone. We are going to arrange a small fireworks display for the Fritz.

Pavlov returned to his comrades and reported on the situation.

- Let's act!

Scouts crawled up to the house from two sides, got used to it and threw a grenade at the window frames.

One after another, there were powerful explosions. A flame erupted. It smelled of burning.

The fascists, dumbfounded by the unexpected attack, jumped out of the entrances, jumped out of the windows - and to their own.

- Fire on the enemy! commanded by Pavlov.

The scouts opened fire with machine guns.

- Follow me! Take the floors!

On the second floor, the fighters threw a few more grenades. The enemies thought that a whole battalion had attacked them. The Nazis abandoned everything and rushed in all directions.

The scouts examined the floors in all the entrances, made sure that not a single living fascist was left in the house - and Pavlov gave the command to take up defense. The Nazis decided to recapture the house.

For a whole hour they shelled the house with cannons and mortars.

The firing is over.

The Nazis decided that the battalion of Russian soldiers could not stand it and retreated to their own.

German submachine gunners again moved to the house.

- Do not shoot without a command! Sergeant Pavlov told the soldiers.

Here are the machine gunners at the very house.

Well-aimed turns of the Pavlovites mowed down the enemies.

The Nazis retreated again.

And again, mines and shells rained down on the house.

It seemed to the Nazis that nothing living could remain there.

But as soon as the enemy submachine gunners rose and went on the attack, they were met by well-aimed bullets and scout grenades.

For two days the Nazis stormed the house, but they could not take it.

The Nazis realized that they had lost an important object from where they could fire on the Volga and all our positions on the shore, and decided at all costs to knock out the Soviet soldiers from the house. Fresh forces were thrown up - a whole regiment.

But our command also strengthened the garrison of scouts. Machine gunners, armor-piercers, machine gunners came to the aid of Sergeant Pavlov and his soldiers.

For 58 days, Soviet soldiers defended this home-line.

You can get to the Krasny Oktyabr plant by trolley bus along Lenina Avenue.

Vanya perched at the window and every time they drove past the tank towers on pedestals, he joyfully shook his grandfather and shouted: “More! One more!.. Again!.. Look, grandfather! Look!.."

- I see, granddaughter! I see! This is the front line of our defense. Here the fighters fought to the death, and the fascist troops could not break through further.

The trolleybus stopped.

“Next stop is Red October!” the driver announced.

- Our granddaughter! Get ready to leave.

Factories of Stalingrad.

In their workshops, the workers of the city stood at the machines in two or three shifts - they cooked steel, assembled and repaired tanks and guns put out of action by the enemy, and made ammunition.

Militia workers came from the shops to fight the enemy for their native city, for their native factory.

Steelworkers and rolling mills, assemblers, turners and locksmiths became soldiers.

Having beaten off the attacks of the enemy, the workers again returned to their machines. Factories continued to operate.

Hundreds of brave workers became famous defending their native city, native plant, and among them - the first female steelworker Olga Kuzminichna Kovaleva.

Vladimir Bogomolov. Olga Kovaleva

The enemy is one and a half kilometers from the tractor plant, in the village of Meliorativny.

A detachment of militiamen received the task of dislodging the Germans from the village.

The battle began near the village, on the outskirts of it.

The militias went on the attack. Among them was the squad leader, Olga Kovaleva.

The Nazis opened heavy fire on the attackers from machine guns and mortars ...

I had to lay down.

The militias clung to the ground, they can not raise their heads. Look - the Germans went on the attack. Here they go around.

At this time, the chain of fighters reported that the commander of the detachment had died.

And then Olga Kovaleva decided to raise the fighters in a counterattack. She stood up to her full height and shouted:

Follow me, comrades! Let's not let the enemy to our factory! To our city!!!

The workers heard the call of Olga Kovaleva, got up and rushed towards the enemy.

- For the native plant! For our city! For the Motherland! Hooray!..

The Nazis were driven out of the village.

Many militias were killed in that battle. died

and Olga Kuzminichna Kovaleva.

In honor of the militia heroes, monuments were erected at the factory gates.

On the marble slabs are the names of those who gave their lives in battles for the city, for their native factory.

Workers go to the factory and swear to the fallen to work in such a way as not to disgrace their military honor.

They return from the shift - they mentally report what has been done during the working day.

A real T-34 tank is installed at the tractor factory at the central entrance.

Such combat vehicles were produced here in the war.

When the enemy approached the city, the tanks were heading straight from the assembly line into battle.

Many heroic deeds were performed by Soviet tank crews during the great battle on the Volga.

In the well-known book by Svetlana Aleksievich “War does not have a woman's face” there is a very important and deep thought: “If you do not forget the war, a lot of hatred appears. And if the war is forgotten, a new one begins.” This year our country will celebrate the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. This tragedy claimed millions of human lives, destroyed cities and entire countries, broke countless destinies. This is the price that humanity had to pay for getting rid of the horrors of fascism. Soviet soldiers defended peace and won freedom for their country, for you and me. This should never be forgotten, no matter how much time passes.

For preschoolers and younger students, of course, they will become interesting and memorable poems about war:

Barto A. During the war
Berestov V. Male
Karprov I. Boys
Mikhalkov S. Children's shoe, Ten-year-old man
Marshak S. "Not" and "neither" and many others

List of war books for preschool and primary school age

Voronkova L. A girl from the city (A story about an orphan girl who ended up in a foreign village during the war years and found a new family and home.)
Kassil L. Street of the youngest son (A story dedicated to the tragic fate of Volodya Dubinin, a young partisan - hero of the Great Patriotic War.)
Kataev V. The son of the regiment (The story of the orphan boy Van Solntsev, who ended up in a military unit with scouts and became the son of the regiment.)
Oseeva V. A. Vasek Trubachev and his comrades (A work about the fate of the boy Vasya Trubachev and his friends, whose peaceful childhood was cut short by the war.)
Simonov K. Son of an artilleryman (A ballad about Major Deev and Lyonka, the son of his friend, based on real events.)
Yakovlev Y. Girls from Vasilyevsky Island (A piercing story about a girl Tanya Savicheva, who died with her whole family from starvation in besieged Leningrad, written on the basis of her diary.)

Alekseev S. Stories about the Great Patriotic War
Artyukhova N. Svetlana
Baruzdin S. A soldier was walking down the street
Voronkova L. Girl from the city
Gaidar A. Oath of Timur, Tale of the Military Secret, of Malchish-Kibalchish and his firm word
Golyavkin V. Drawing on asphalt
Dragunsky V. Arbuzny Lane
Kassil L. My dear boys, Flammable cargo, Your protectors
Markusha A. I am a soldier and you are a soldier
Paustovsky K. Adventures of a rhinoceros beetle
Sokolovsky A. Valery Volkov
Suvorina E. Vitya Korobkov
Turichin I. Extreme case
Yakovlev Yu. How Seryozha went to war

Middle school students are happy to learn about children, their peers, during the Great Patriotic War, their lives, deeds and exploits.

List of books about the war for students in grades 5-7

Bogomolov V. Ivan (A tragic and true story about a brave scout boy.)
Kozlov V. Vitka from Chapaevskaya Street (The book tells about the fate of teenagers during the war years.)
Korolkov Yu. Pioneers-heroes. Lenya Golikov (A story about a young pioneer from the Novgorod region, Lena Golikov, his fate and exploits, based on real events.)
Rudny V. Children of Captain Granin (The Tale of the Young Defenders of the Gulf of Finland, who not only managed not to miss the enemy, but also took fire at the most decisive moment.)
Sobolev A. Quiet post (The story of the courage and heroism of yesterday's schoolchildren during the Great Patriotic War.)

Alekseev S. Stories about the war
Balter B. Goodbye boys!
Bogomolov V. Zosia
Ilyina E. Fourth height
Likhanov A. Last cold
Mityaev A. Letter from the front

List of books about the war for students in grades 8-9

Adamovich A., Granin D. Blockade book (Documentary chronicle, which is based on the testimonies of Leningraders who survived the blockade.)
Aitmatov Ch. Early cranes (A story about the fate of teenagers during the Great Patriotic War, their life in a distant Kyrgyz village, trials and joys that fell to their lot.)
Baklanov G. Forever - nineteen (The story of the young lieutenants of the Great Patriotic War, their tragically short front-line path.)
Vasiliev B. And the dawns here are quiet... (The story of the tragic fate of five girls and their commander, performing a feat during the war.)
Polevoy B. The Tale of a Real Man (The Tale of the Soviet pilot Meresyev, who was shot down in battle and seriously injured, but again, in spite of everything, returned to combat formation.)
Tvardovsky A. Vasily Terkin (A deeply truthful and humorous poem in which an immortal image of a Soviet soldier is created.)
Sholokhov M. The fate of a person (A story about the tragic fate of an ordinary person, warped by war, and strength of character, courage and compassion.)

High school students are already quite ready to learn about the most tragic pages of the Great Patriotic War. Reading such books can be combined with watching war films, both Soviet and modern.

List of books about the war for students in grades 10-11

Adamovich A. Punishers (The story of the events connected with the destruction of seven peaceful villages in occupied Belarus by the battalion of the Nazi punisher Dirlewanger.)
Bogomolov V. Moment of Truth: In August 1944 (An exciting novel about the work of counterintelligence officers during the Great Patriotic War, based on real events.)
Vorobyov K. Killed near Moscow (The story, which became the first of the genre of "lieutenant prose", tells about the fierce battles near Moscow in the winter of 1941 and the fate of their participants.)
Nekrasov V. In the trenches of Stalingrad (The story tells about the heroic defense of Stalingrad in 1942-1943.)
Fadeev A. Young Guard (A novel about the Krasnodon underground organization "Young Guard", which operated in the territory occupied by the Nazis, many of whose members died heroically in the Nazi dungeons.)
Sholokhov M. They fought for the Motherland (A novel about one of the most tragic moments of the war - the retreat of our troops on the Don in the summer of 1942.)

L. Kassil.

Monument to the Soviet soldier.

The war went on for a long time.

Our troops began to advance on enemy soil. The Nazis are already farther and have nowhere to run. They settled in the main German city of Berlin.

Our troops hit Berlin. The last battle of the war began. No matter how the Nazis fought back, they could not resist. The soldiers of the Soviet Army in Berlin began to take street after street, house after house. But the Nazis don't give up.

suddenly saw one of our soldiers, a kind soul, during a battle in the street a little German girl. Apparently, she has fallen behind her. And they forgot about her out of fright ... The poor fellow was left alone in the middle of the street. And she has nowhere to go. There is a fight all around. Fire blazes from every window, bombs explode, houses collapse, bullets whistle from all sides. It’s about to crush it with a stone, crush it with a fragment ...

Our soldier sees - the girl disappears...

A soldier rushed across the street right under the bullets, picked up a German girl in his arms, covered her with his shoulder from the fire and carried her out of the battle.

soon our fighters also raised the red flag over the main building of the German capital.

Fascists surrendered. And the war is over. We won. The world has begun.

a huge monument has now been built in the city of Berlin. High above the houses, on a green hill, stands a hero made of stone - a soldier of the Soviet Army. In one hand he has a heavy sword, with which he defeated the Nazi enemies, and in the other - a little girl. She pressed herself against the broad shoulder of the Soviet soldier. He saved her soldiers from death, saved all the children in the world from the Nazis, and looks menacingly from a height today, whether the evil enemies are going to start a war again and disturb the peace.

Sergey Alekseev

First column.

(Sergey Alekseev's stories about Leningraders and the feat of Leningrad).

In 1941, the Nazis blockaded Leningrad. Cut off the city from the whole country. It was possible to get to Leningrad only by water, along Lake Ladoga.

November is cold. It froze, the waterway stopped.

The road has stopped - it means that there will be no delivery of food, that means there will be no delivery of fuel, there will be no delivery of ammunition. Like air, like oxygen, Leningrad needs a road.

There will be a road! people said.

Lake Ladoga will freeze, Ladoga will be covered with strong ice (as Lake Ladoga is abbreviated). Here the road will pass through the ice.

Not everyone believed in such a path. Restless, capricious Ladoga. Blizzards will rage, a piercing wind - siverik - will sweep over the lake, - cracks and gullies will appear on the ice of the lake. Ladoga breaks his ice armor. Even the most severe frosts cannot completely bind Lake Ladoga.

Capricious, insidious Lake Ladoga. And yet there is no other way out. Nazis around.

Only here, along Lake Ladoga, the road to Leningrad can pass.

The most difficult days in Leningrad. Communication with Leningrad was cut off. People are waiting for the ice on Lake Ladoga to become strong enough. And this is not a day, not two. Look at the ice, at the lake. Ice thickness is measured. Old-timer fishermen also watch the lake. How is the ice on Ladoga?

Is growing.

Takes strength.

People are worried, time is running out.

Faster, faster, they shout to Ladoga. - Hey, don't be lazy, frost!

Hydrological scientists arrived at Lake Ladoga (these are those who study water and ice), builders and army commanders arrived. The first decided to go through the fragile ice.

Hydrologists passed - the ice withstood.

The builders passed - the ice withstood.

Major Mozhaev, commander of the road maintenance regiment, rode on horseback

Withstood the ice.

The horse-drawn cart marched across the ice. The sleigh survived on the road.

General Lagunov, one of the commanders of the Leningrad Front, drove across the ice in a passenger car. It crackled, creaked, the ice got angry, but let the car pass.

On November 22, 1941, the first automobile column went on the still not fully strengthened ice of Lake Ladoga. There were 60 trucks in the convoy. From here, from the western shore, from the side of Leningrad, cars left for cargo on the eastern shore.

Ahead is not a kilometer, not two - twenty-seven kilometers of an icy road. They are waiting on the western Leningrad coast for the return of people and convoys.

Will they return? Get stuck? Will they return? Get stuck?

Days passed. And so:

That's right, cars are coming, the convoy is returning. In the back of each of the cars there are three, four bags of flour. Haven't taken more yet. Fragile ice. True, sleds were pulled by cars in tows. The sleigh also contained sacks of flour, two or three.

From that day on, constant movement began on the ice of Lake Ladoga. Soon severe frosts hit. The ice is strong. Now each truck took 20, 30 bags of flour. Transported on the ice and other heavy loads.

The road was not easy. There were not always good luck here. The ice broke under the pressure of the wind. Cars sometimes sank. Fascist planes bombed columns from the air. And again we suffered losses. Motors froze on the way. Drivers froze on ice. And yet, neither day nor night, neither in a snowstorm, nor in the most severe frost, the ice road across Lake Ladoga did not stop working.

The most difficult days of Leningrad were standing. Stop the road - death to Leningrad.

The road didn't stop. "Dear life" Leningraders called it.

Sergey Alekseev

Tanya Savicheva.

Hunger death goes through the city. Leningrad cemeteries do not accommodate the dead. People were dying at the machines. They died in the streets. They went to bed at night and didn't wake up in the morning. More than 600 thousand people died of starvation in Leningrad.

Among the Leningrad houses, this house also rose. This is the Savichevs' house. The girl was bending over the sheets of the notebook. Her name is Tanya. Tanya Savicheva keeps a diary.

Notebook with alphabet. Tanya opens a page with the letter "Zh". Writes:

Zhenya is Tanya's sister.

Soon Tanya again sits down at her diary. Opens a page with the letter "B".

Page on the letter "L". Reading:

Another page from Tanya's diary. Page on the letter "B". Reading:

“Uncle Vasya died on April 13. at 2 am. 1942". One more page. Also the letter "L". But it is written on the back of the sheet: “Uncle Lyosha. May 10 at 4 p.m. 1942. Here is the page with the letter "M". We read: “Mom May 13 at 7:30 am. morning 1942. Tanya sits over the diary for a long time. Then opens the page with the letter "C". He writes: "The Savichevs are dead."

Opens the page to the letter "U". Clarifies: "Everyone died."

I sat down. She looked at the diary. She opened the page with the letter “O.” She wrote: “Tanya is the only one left.”

Tanya was saved from starvation. They took the girl out of Leningrad.

But Tanya did not live long. From hunger, cold, loss of loved ones, her health was undermined. Tanya Savicheva was also gone. Tanya passed away. The diary remains. "Death to the Fascists!" shouts the diary.

Sergey Alekseev

Fur coat.

A group of Leningrad children was taken out of Leningrad besieged by the Nazis "Dear Life". The car took off.

January. Freezing. The cold wind is whipping. The driver Koryakov is sitting at the steering wheel. Leads exactly one and a half.

Children hugged each other in the car. Girl, girl, girl again. Boy, girl, boy again. And here is another one. The smallest, the most puny. All the guys are thin, thin, like children's thin books. And this one is completely skinny, like a page from this book.

Guys gathered from different places. Some are from Okhta, some are from Narva, some are from the Vyborg side, some are from Kirovsky Island, some are from Vasilyevsky. And this one, imagine, from Nevsky Prospekt. Nevsky Prospekt is the central, main street of Leningrad. The boy lived here with his father, with his mother. A shell hit, there were no parents. Yes, and others, those who are now traveling in the car, were also left without mothers, without fathers. Their parents also died. Who died of starvation, who was hit by a fascist bomb, who was crushed by a collapsed house, whose life was cut short by a shell. The boys were all alone. Aunt Olya accompanies them. Aunt Olya herself is a teenager. Less than fifteen years old.

The guys are coming. They hugged each other. Girl, girl, girl again. Boy, girl, boy again. In the very middle is a crumb. The guys are coming. January. Freezing. Blows children in the wind. Aunt Olya wrapped her arms around them. From these warm hands it seems warmer to everyone.

There is a lorry and a half on the January ice. Ladoga froze to the right and left. More and more, stronger frost over Ladoga. Childish backs stiffen. Not children are sitting - icicles.

Here would be a fur coat now.

And suddenly... She slowed down, the lorry stopped. The driver Koryakov got out of the cab. He took off his warm soldier's sheepskin coat. He threw Olya up, shouting: . - Catch!

Olya picked up a sheepskin coat:

But how can you ... Yes, really, we ...

Take it, take it! shouted Koryakov and jumped into his cabin.

Guys look - a fur coat! From one kind it is warmer.

The driver sat down in his driver's seat. The car started up again. Aunt Olya covered the children with a sheepskin coat. The children huddled closer to each other. Girl, girl, girl again. Boy, girl, boy again. In the very middle is a crumb. The sheepskin coat turned out to be big and kind. Warmth ran down the children's backs.

Koryakov took the guys to the eastern shore of Lake Ladoga, delivered them to the village of Kobona. From here, from Kobona, they still had a long, long way to go. Koryakov said goodbye to Aunt Olya. I started saying goodbye to the guys. He is holding a sheepskin coat. He looks at the sheepskin coat, at the guys. Oh, if the guys had a sheepskin coat on the road ... So, after all, it’s official, not your sheepskin coat. The authorities will immediately remove the head. The driver looks at the guys, at the sheepskin coat. And suddenly...

Oh, it wasn't! Koryakov waved his hand.

He was not scolded by his superiors. Got a new coat.

Stories by Sergei Alekseev

BEAR

Yes, but suddenly the Nazis hear some kind of terrible roar! "What would it be?" - guess the Nazis. Listened, watched.

Ber! Ber! Bear! someone shouted.

That's right - Mishka got up on his hind legs, growled and went to the Nazis. The Nazis did not expect, they rushed to the side. And ours hit at that moment. Escaped from the environment.

The bear walked in heroes.

He would be rewarded, - the soldiers laughed.

He received a reward: a plate of fragrant honey. Ate and growled. I licked the plate to a shine, to a shine. Added honey. Added again. Eat, eat, hero. Toptygin!

Soon the Voronezh Front was renamed the 1st Ukrainian. Together with the troops of the front, Mishka went to the Dnieper.

However, the road to Kyiv passed. Their division passed by. The bear was not left in the menagerie. Even the soldiers are happy now.

From Ukraine Mishka got to Belarus. He took part in the battles near Bobruisk, then ended up in the army, which was going to Belovezhskaya Pushcha.

Belovezhskaya Pushcha is a paradise for animals and birds. The best place in the entire planet. The soldiers decided: this is where we will leave Mishka.

That's right: under his pines. Under the fir.

That's where he is expanse.

Our troops liberated the area of Belovezhskaya Pushcha. And now the hour of parting has come.

Fighters and a bear are standing in a forest clearing.

Farewell, Toptygin!

Play freely!

Live, start a family!

Mishka stood in the clearing. He got up on his hind legs. Looked at the green bushes.

The smell of the forest inhaled through the nose.

He went with a rolling gait into the forest. From paw to paw. From paw to paw. The soldiers look after:

Be happy, Mikhail Mikhalych!

And suddenly a terrible explosion thundered in the clearing. The soldiers ran to the explosion - dead, motionless Toptygin.

A bear stepped on a fascist mine. We checked - there are many of them in Belovezhskaya Pushcha.

The war goes on without mercy. War has no weariness.

Stories by Sergei Alekseev

STING

Our troops liberated Moldova. The Nazis were pushed back beyond the Dnieper, beyond Reut. They took Floreshty, Tiraspol, Orhei. We approached the capital of Moldova, the city of Chisinau.

Fedor Ivanovich, - General Malinovsky calls General Tolbukhin, - how is the offensive developing?

Everything is going according to plan, Rodion Yakovlevich, - General Tolbukhin answers General Malinovsky.

Troops march forward. They bypass the enemy. Ticks begin to squeeze.

Rodion Yakovlevich, - General Tolbukhin calls General Malinovsky, - how is the environment developing?

The encirclement is proceeding normally, Fyodor Ivanovich, - General Malinovsky answers General Tolbukhin and clarifies: - Exactly according to plan, on time.

And then the giant pincers closed. Eighteen fascist divisions turned out to be in a huge bag near Chisinau. Our troops began to defeat the fascists who fell into the bag.

Satisfied Soviet soldiers:

The beast will be slammed again with a trap.

There was talk: now the fascist is not terrible, at least take it with your bare hands.

However, the soldier Igoshin had a different opinion:

A fascist is a fascist. The serpentine character is serpentine. A wolf and a wolf in a trap.

The soldiers laugh

So it was at what time!

Now another price for a fascist.

A fascist is a fascist, - again Igoshin about his own.

That's because the character is harmful!

Everything is more difficult in the bag for the Nazis. They began to surrender. They also surrendered at the site of the 68th Guards Rifle Division. Igoshin served in one of her battalions.

A group of fascists came out of the forest. Everything is as it should be: hands up, a white flag is thrown over the group.

Clear - go to surrender.

The soldiers revived, shouting to the Nazis:

Please, please! It is high time!

The soldiers turned to Igoshin:

Well, why is your fascist terrible?

The Nazis are getting closer, closer. Close at all. And suddenly burst burst.

The Nazis began to shoot.

A lot of ours would have died. Yes, thanks to Igoshin. He kept his weapon at the ready. The retaliatory immediately opened fire. Then others helped.

The firing went off on the field. The soldiers approached Igoshin:

Thank you brother. And the fascist, look, with a snake indeed, it turns out, a sting.

The Chisinau “cauldron” brought a lot of trouble to our soldiers. The fascists rushed.

They rushed in different directions. Went to deceit, to meanness. They tried to leave. But in vain.

Soldiers clamped them with a heroic hand. Clamped. Squeezed. The snake's sting was pulled out.

Mityaev A.V.

Bag of oatmeal

That autumn there were long cold rains. The ground was soaked with water, the roads became muddy. On the country roads, bogged down along the very axis in the mud, there were military trucks. With the supply of food became very bad. In the soldiers' kitchen, the cook cooked only cracker soup every day: he poured cracker crumbs into hot water and seasoned it with salt.

On such and such hungry days, the soldier Lukashuk found a sack of oatmeal. He was not looking for anything, just leaned his shoulder against the wall of the trench. A block of damp sand collapsed, and everyone saw the edge of a green duffel bag in the hole.

Well, what a find! the soldiers rejoiced. There will be a feast on the mountain of Kashu sva-rim!

One ran with a bucket for water, others began to look for firewood, and still others had already prepared spoons.

But when it was possible to fan the fire and it was already beating at the bottom of the bucket, an unfamiliar soldier jumped into the trench. He was thin and red. Eyebrows above blue eyes are also red. Overcoat worn, short. On the legs are windings and trampled shoes.

Hey brother! he shouted in a hoarse, cold voice. “Give the bag over here!” Do not put do not take.

He simply stunned everyone with his appearance, and the bag was given to him immediately.

And how could you not give up? According to the front-line law, it was necessary to give. Duffel bags were hidden in trenches by soldiers when they went on the attack. To make it easier. Of course, there were bags left without an owner: either it was impossible to return for them (this is if the attack was successful and it was necessary to drive the Nazis), or the soldier died. But since the owner has come, the conversation is short to give.

The soldiers watched in silence as the redhead carried the precious sack over his shoulder. Only Lukashuk could not stand it, he quipped:

Wow, he's skinny! They gave him an extra ration. Let it burst. If it doesn't break, it might get fatter.

The cold has come. Snow. The earth froze, became solid. The delivery has improved. The cook cooked cabbage soup with meat, pea soup with ham in the kitchen on wheels. Everyone forgot about the red-haired soldier and his oatmeal.

A big offensive was being prepared.

Long lines of infantry battalions marched along hidden forest roads and ravines. At night, tractors were dragging guns to the front line, tanks were moving. Lukashuk and his comrades were also preparing for the offensive. It was still dark when the guns opened fire. Airplanes hummed in the sky.

They threw bombs on Nazi dugouts, fired machine guns at enemy trenches.

The planes took off. Then the tanks roared. Behind them, the infantrymen rushed to the attack. Lukashuk and his comrades also ran and fired from a machine gun. He threw a grenade into the German trench, wanted to throw more, but did not have time: the bullet hit him in the chest. And he fell. Lukashuk lay in the snow and did not feel that the snow was cold. Some time passed, and he stopped hearing the roar of battle. Then the light ceased to see him, it seemed to him that a dark, still night had come.

When Lukashuk regained consciousness, he saw an orderly. The orderly bandaged the wound, put such plywood sledges in Lukashuk's boat. The sleigh slid and swayed in the snow. Lukashuk's head began to spin from this quiet swaying. And he didn't want his head to spin, he wanted to remember where he had seen this orderly, red-haired and thin, in a well-worn overcoat.

Hold on brother! Do not be shy to live! .. He heard the words of the orderly. It seemed to Lukashuk that he had known this voice for a long time. But where and when he heard it before, he could no longer remember.

Lukashuk regained consciousness when he was transferred from the boat to a stretcher to be taken to a large tent under the pines: here, in the forest, a military doctor was pulling out bullets and shrapnel from the wounded.

Lying on a stretcher, Lukashuk saw the sled-boat on which he was taken to the hospital. Three dogs were tied to the sled with straps. They lay in the snow. Icicles are frozen on the wool. The muzzles were overgrown with frost, the eyes of the dogs were half closed.

The nurse approached the dogs. In his hands was a helmet full of oatmeal. Steam poured from her. The orderly stuck his helmet into the snow to cool the dogs harmfully hot. The orderly was thin and red-haired. And then Lukashuk remembered where he had seen him. It was he who then jumped into the trench and took the bag of oatmeal from them.

Lukashuk smiled at the orderly with his lips and, coughing and choking, said: - And you, red-haired, have not grown fat. One ate a bag of oatmeal, but still thin. The orderly also smiled and, stroking the nearest dog, answered:

They ate oatmeal. But they got you on time. And I recognized you right away. As I saw in the snow, I recognized it.

"Tankman's Tale" Alexander Tvardovsky

What's his name, I forgot to ask.

Ten or twelve years old. troublesome,

Of those that are the leaders of children,

Of those in the front-line towns

They greet us like honored guests.

The car is surrounded in parking lots,

Carrying water in buckets for them is not difficult,

They bring soap with a towel to the tank

And unripe plums stick ...

There was a fight outside. The fire of the enemy was terrible, We broke through to the square ahead.

And he nails - do not look out of the towers - And the devil will understand where he hits.

Here, guess what house

He perched - so many holes, And suddenly a boy ran up to the car:

Comrade Commander, Comrade Commander!

I know where their gun is. I unraveled...

I crawled up, they are over there, in the garden ...

But where, where? .. - And let me go On the tank with you. I'll bring it straight.

Well, the fight doesn't wait. - Get in here, buddy! -

And here we are rolling to the place four of us. There is a boy - mines, bullets whistle,

And only a shirt with a bubble.

We drove up. - Here. - And with a turn We go to the rear and give full throttle. And this gun, along with the calculation,

We sank into loose, greasy black earth.

I wiped off the sweat. Smothered with fumes and soot: From house to house there was a big fire.

And, I remember, I said: - Thank you, lad! - And shook his hand, like a comrade ...

It was a difficult fight. Everything is now, as if awake, And I just can’t forgive myself:

Of the thousands of faces I would recognize the boy,

But what's his name, I forgot to ask him.

Conversations about War

THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

Dear guys, you were born and live in peacetime and do not know what war is. But not everyone can experience such happiness. In many places on our Earth, there are military conflicts in which people die, residential buildings, industrial buildings, etc. are destroyed. But it does not go to any comparison with what was the Second World War.

World War II is the largest war in human history. It was unleashed by Germany, Italy and Japan. 61 states were involved in this war (14 states on the side of Nazi Germany, 47 on the side of Russia).

In total, 1.7 billion people or 80% of the entire population of the Earth participated in the war, i.e. out of every 10 people, 8 participated in the war. Therefore, such a war is called a world war.

110 million people participated in the armies of all countries. World War II lasted 6 years - since September 1, 1939 to May 9, 1945

The German attack on the Soviet Union was unexpected. It was struck by an unknown force. Hitler attacked the Soviet Union (as our Fatherland used to be called) immediately over a large area - from the Baltic Sea to the Carpathian Mountains (almost along our entire Western border). His troops have crossed our border. Thousands and thousands of guns opened fire on peacefully sleeping villages and cities, enemy planes began to bomb railways, railway stations, airfields. Germany prepared a huge army for the war with Russia. Hitler wanted to turn the population of our Motherland into slaves and force them to work for Germany, he wanted to destroy science, culture, art, to prohibit education in Russia.

The bloody war continued for many years, but the enemy was defeated.

The Great Victory that our grandparents won in World War II over Nazi Germany has no analogues in history.

The names of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War are forever preserved in the memory of the people.

This year 2016 marks the 75th anniversary of the Great Victory in World War II. It is called the "Great Victory" because it is the victory of sane people in the most terrible world war in the history of mankind, which fascism imposed on him.

Why is the war called the Great Patriotic War?

THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR is the largest war in the history of mankind. The word "great" means very large, huge, huge. In fact, the war captured a huge part of the territory of our country, tens of millions of people took part in it, it lasted four long years, and victory in it demanded from our people an enormous effort of all physical and spiritual forces.

It is called the Patriotic War because this war is just, aimed at protecting the Fatherland. Our entire vast country has risen to fight the enemy! Men and women, the elderly, even children forged victory in the rear and on the front lines.

Now you know that one of the most brutal and bloody wars in the history of Russia was called the Great Patriotic War. The victory of the Red Army in this war is the main event in the history of Russia in the 20th century!

The German attack on the Soviet Union was unexpected. In these June days, tenth-graders were finishing school, graduation balls were held in schools. Boys and girls in bright elegant clothes danced, sang, met the dawn. They made plans for the future, dreamed of happiness and love. But the war severely destroyed these plans!

On June 22 at 12 noon, Minister of Foreign Affairs V.M. Molotov spoke on the radio and announced the attack on our country by fascist Germany. Young people took off their school uniforms, put on overcoats and went straight from school to war, became soldiers of the Red Army. Soldiers who served in the Red Army were called Red Army men.

Every day the echelons took the fighters to the front. All the peoples of the Soviet Union have risen to fight the enemy!

But in 1941, the people wanted with all their might to help their country, which was in trouble! Both young and old people rushed to the front and signed up for the Red Army. Only in the first days of the war, about a million people signed up! Queues were gathering at the recruiting stations - people were striving to defend their Fatherland!

In terms of the scale of human casualties and destruction, this war surpassed all the wars that were on our planet. A huge number of people were destroyed. Over 20 million soldiers were killed on the fronts in combat operations. During the Second World War, about 55 million people died, almost half of them were citizens of our country.

Fascist Germany.

When did WWII start?

Why is she called that?

Which country started the war?

What did Hitler want to do with our people?

Who stood up to defend the Fatherland?

CHILDREN AND WAR

Difficult, hungry and cold war years are called military dashing, evil years. They were hard for all our people, but it was especially hard for small children.

Many children were left orphans, their fathers died in the war, others lost their parents during the bombing, others lost not only their relatives, but also their homes, the fourth ended up in the territory occupied by the enemies, the fifth were captured by the Germans.

Children - weak, helpless, found themselves face to face with the cruel, merciless, evil force of fascism.

War is no place for children

War is no place for children!

There are no books or toys here.

Explosions of mines and the roar of guns,

And a sea of blood and death.

War is no place for children!

The child needs a warm home

And mothers tender hands,

And a look filled with kindness,

And songs lullaby sounds.

And Christmas tree lights

Happy skiing from the mountain, Snowballs and skis, and skates, And not orphanhood and suffering!

Here is the story of two little girls whose fate is engulfed by war. The girls' names were Valya and Vera Okopnyuk. They were sisters. Valya is older, she was already thirteen years old, and Vera was only ten.

The sisters lived in a wooden house on the outskirts of the city of Sumy. Shortly before the war, their mother fell seriously ill and died, and when the war began, the girls' father went to the front. The children were left completely alone. Neighbors helped the sisters to enter the vocational school at the tractor factory. But soon the plant was evacuated beyond the Urals, and the school was closed. What was to be done?

Vera and Valya did not lose their heads. They began to be on duty on the roofs of houses, extinguishing incendiary bombs, helping the sick and old people go down to the bomb shelter. A few months later, the city was captured by the Germans. The girls had to see and experience all the horrors of the occupation.

One of them recalled: “People were kicked out of their houses and driven on foot, taken away in cars. Some never returned to their home. The Germans drove the people to the square and forced them to watch how our people were hanged. The city was hungry, cold, there was no water.”

The sisters decided to flee to Kyiv. They made their way along the paths along the highways, collected spikelets that fell out of the cars during transportation. We spent the night in bales of hay. The girls wandered for a long time, until, finally, they ended up on the outskirts of Kyiv.

Some kind old woman took pity on the hungry, ragged and dirty children. She warmed them, washed them, gave them boiling water to drink, and treated them to boiled beans. The sisters stayed with this grandmother. Her sons beat the enemy at the front, the old woman lived alone.

But our troops entered the city. How many tears and joy! All young people - boys and girls - ran to the military registration and enlistment offices. The sisters also ran, but they were told that they were still too small. However, they had such a bitter childhood that the girls considered themselves quite adults. They wanted to work in the hospital - but they refused here too. But once many wounded soldiers were brought to the city, and the doctor said to the sisters: “Come on, girls, help.”

“That's how it happened that we stayed in the hospital,” Vera recalled.

The girls began to help the orderlies, learned how to make dressings, and fed the wounded Red Army soldiers. If there was a free hour, the sisters arranged a concert for the fighters: they read poetry, sang songs to the guitar, and danced. They wanted to cheer up, cheer up the wounded soldiers. The soldiers loved the girls!

One day, Vera saw her uncle, her father's brother, among the soldiers walking through the city. She rushed towards him. And soon the girls received the first letter from their father. The father thought that the sisters had died, and was infinitely glad that Vera and Valya were found, asked them to take care of themselves, wrote that when the war was over, they would be together again. The whole hospital cried over this letter! Vera recalls.

The war distorted the fate of not only the children who ended up at the front, but also those who were in the rear. Instead of a carefree happy childhood with merry games and amusements, small children worked ten to twelve hours on machines, helping adults make weapons to defeat the enemy.

Everywhere in the rear, industries producing defense products were created. Women and children aged 13-14 worked on the machines. “Children, poorly dressed, swollen from hunger, never getting enough sleep, they worked on a par with adults. As a shop manager, my heart sank when I saw them warming themselves by the stove or taking a nap at the machine tool, ”recalled a veteran of a military plant in Korolyov near Moscow. V.D. Kowalski.

Another veteran, N.S. Samartsev, said: “We did not reach the workbench, and we were made special coasters from boxes. They operated by hand - a hammer, a file, a chisel. By the end of the shift, they fell off their feet. Just to sleep 4-5 hours! They didn’t leave the workshop for two weeks, and only at the beginning of the month, when the tension was less, did they sleep at home.

The schoolchildren did their best to help the front-line soldiers to raise their morale, to inspire faith in victory, to encourage them with a kind word.

They wrote letters to the fighters, collected parcels for them. They sewed and embroidered tobacco pouches, knitted warm woolen mittens, socks, scarves.

The song "Little Valenka" sounds, music. N. Levy, ate. V. Dykhovichny.

Tell us about the life of children in difficult war years.

How did children help adults in the rear?

What did schoolchildren send to soldiers at the front?

HOLIDAY "VICTORY DAY"

On the way to the Great Victory of the Russian people, there were defeats in battles and many important victories, events: the defeat of the Nazi troops near Moscow, the liberation of Russian cities, allied countries, but one of the main ones is the signing of an act of unconditional surrender between Nazi Germany and the victorious countries (Great Britain , the Soviet Union, the United States of America and France).

This happened on May 9, 1945 in the capital of defeated Germany - Berlin. From that day on, the whole world became aware that fascist Germany was completely defeated. Every year on May 9, people solemnly celebrate this date. In our country, May 9 is a public holiday, which is dedicated to the Victory Day. On this day, people do not work, but congratulate war veterans and celebrate.

A bloody war continued for many years, but the enemy was defeated, and Germany signed an act of unconditional surrender.

May 9, 1945 has forever become a great date for Russia. For the sake of this happy day, millions of people died fighting for the freedom of Russia and the whole world. We will never forget those who burned in tanks, who threw themselves out of the trenches under hurricane fire, who lay down on the embrasure with their chest, who did not spare their lives and overcame everything. Not for the sake of awards, but so that you guys and I can live, study, work and be happy!

The names of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War are forever preserved in the memory of the people. Alexander Matrosov sacrificed his life, closing the embrasure of an enemy pillbox. Alexander Matrosov saved the lives of his comrades.

General D.M. Karbyshev, being in the clutches of the enemy, did not give up, did not betray the Fatherland and was cruelly tortured by the Nazis. After much torture, he was taken out undressed into the bitter cold and doused with water until the general turned into an ice statue.

The young partisan Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was brutally tortured by the Nazis, but did not betray her comrades.

There are a lot of heroes of the Great Patriotic War. But the names of many thousands of soldiers who accomplished feats and gave their lives for their homeland, unfortunately, remained unknown.

An “eternal flame” burns near them, flowers are laid on them by those whose peaceful life they defended in battles.

Nobody is forgotten, nothing is forgotten! Great victory Great war victory We must not forget!

Grandfathers defended in battles

Holy Motherland.

She sent to battle

The best of my sons.

She helped with prayer

And righteous faith.

In the great war we must not forget the victory

For us grandfathers defended

And life, and Motherland!

On May 9, 1945, the first Victory Parade took place in Moscow. Thousands of people with bouquets of flowers took to the streets of the capital. People laughed, cried, strangers hugged each other. This, in fact, was a holiday of the whole people "with tears in their eyes"! Everyone rejoiced at the greatest victory over the enemy and mourned the dead.

The victorious warriors walked in orderly rows along the streets of the capital. They carried the banners of the defeated enemy to Red Square and threw them on the paving stones of the ancient square.

Women, children, youth and the elderly greeted the brave fighters with tears of joy, gave them flowers, hugged them, congratulated them on their victory.

On this day, a solemn parade of troops took place on the Red Square of the capital, and in the evening the sky over Moscow flared up with bright lights of victorious salute.

Since then, the Victory Day - May 9 - has become a truly national celebration! The streets of the capital bloom with smiles of joy, lush bouquets of flowers and bright balloons, solemn music sounds.

In the memorable places of the capital - on Poklonnaya Hill, at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier, on the square in front of the Bolshoi Theater veterans gather. Their breasts are adorned with orders and medals received for heroic deeds in the Great Patriotic War. They share with us, their grateful descendants, stories about the dashing wartime, meet with their fighting friends. Celebrations are held in all cities of Russia!

Years go by. Sixty years have passed since the Great Victory. Alas! The war veterans have grown old, many of them over eighty years old. There are fewer and fewer survivors of the war.

Dear friends! We will be grateful to them for the fact that they won the fierce battle with the enemy, defended our native land and peaceful life for us. We will be worthy of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers!

The song "Victory Day" sounds, music. D. Tukhmanova, sl. V. Kharitonov.

1. When do we celebrate the Victory Day of our people in the Great Patriotic War?

2. Tell us about the heroes of the war.

3. How is Victory Day celebrated in our country?

4. What monuments and memorials to fallen soldiers do you know?

VICTORY.

In terms of the scale of human casualties and destruction, the Great Patriotic War surpassed all the wars that were on our planet. A huge number of people were destroyed. Over 20 million soldiers were killed on the fronts in combat operations.

During the Second World War, about 55 million people died, almost half of them were citizens of our country.

The horror and losses of the Second World War united people in the struggle against fascism, and therefore the great joy of victory in 1945 swept not only Europe, but the whole world.

In the battles for their homeland, Soviet soldiers showed amazing courage and fearlessness. The battle was for every piece of land.

The enemy has been defeated!

May 9, 1945 we celebrate Victory Day over Nazi Germany. This is how a war veteran recalls this day: “It was Victory Day. It is truly a joy with tears in my eyes. Everyone jumped out of the dugouts because there was shooting all around. But then shouts were heard: “The war is over!” All strangers to each other, strangers, hugging, crying, laughing. With fire from a thousand guns, machine guns, machine guns, rifles, like a salute, our soldiers marked the end of the Great War. And then there was an amazing silence. Not a single shot... Millions of people, already accustomed to bombings, explosions, the howl of sirens, the roar of guns, were waiting for this peaceful silence. Listen to how the first day of peace was met by a Russian soldier who found himself in a foreign land, not far from a German city.

First day of peace Fragrant thick silence,

No gunshot sounds, no explosion. This morning the war ended, And even though there is a foreign side around me, I miraculously survived, I'm alive!

Friends I remembered those who never

Will not come out at dawn for mowing

Who does not throw seine into the river,

Who will not be doused with dew in the spring.

I didn't want to kill or burn

I felt only the call of my native land,

But in memory I swore to save Friends,

that they perished in a foreign land!

The song “We need one victory” by B. Okudzhava sounds.

1. When do we celebrate Victory Day over Nazi Germany?

2. Ask your mother, father, grandmother to tell you about who from your family took part in the Great Patriotic War.

3. What is their fate?

"Symbols of Victory - Orders, Medals and Banners".

Target: To introduce children to the military awards that were awarded to soldiers during the Great Patriotic War, with the banner of Victory, which was hoisted over the Reichstag; to cultivate respect for the feats of arms of fighters and commanders, pride in their people, love for the Motherland.

Equipment: a collection of stories "Children-heroes of the Great Patriotic War"; a stand with photographs of orders and medals; image of the Banner of Victory, visual and didactic manual "The Great Patriotic War in the works of artists" (publishing house "Mozaika-Sintez"), reproductions of paintings by O. Ponomarenko "Victory", V. Bogatkin "Storming the Reichstag", musical recordings of songs from the times of the Great Patriotic War.

Course progress.

At the beginning of the lesson, we listen to a fragment of the song "Victory Day" (music by D. Tukhmanov).

Educator: What holiday is this song talking about? (This holiday is called Victory Day.)

What was this victory? (It was a victory in the war.)

What is this war called? (This war is called the "Great Patriotic War".)

What do you think the word "country" means? (The country in which we were born and live. The country of our parents - fathers and mothers and our ancestors. Our homeland is Russia.)

Educator: Children, soon our country will celebrate the Victory Day. On this day, on the streets of the city you can meet veterans - warriors of that distant war. May holiday - Victory Day - is celebrated by the whole country. Our grandfathers put on. Military orders. Today we will see awards - orders and medals that were awarded to soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. (Looking at photographs with orders.) Educator: The Great Patriotic War lasted for four and a half years. It brought many troubles and grief to the Russian people - many cities and villages turned into ruins, thousands of people died. Defending their homeland, soldiers and commanders fought without sparing their lives.

Educator: What do you think, for what a warrior could receive an order or a medal?

In the first years of the war, soldiers and commanders were awarded the Orders of the Red Banner, the Red Star, the medals "For Courage", "For Military Merit." (See illustrations.)

During the battles, it was required to highlight the feats of the fighters, to celebrate the art of military leaders. Then the orders of the Patriotic War, Suvorov, Kutuzov, Alexander Nevsky and others were approved.

For the valiant defenders of the hero cities, special medals "For the Defense of Leningrad", "For the Defense of Sevastopol", "For the Defense of Moscow" were made.

Even children were awarded orders and medals (photos of children).

Educator: Guys, what do you think, awards were presented only at the front? And those people who worked in the rear, also performed feats? Were there women heroines among the defenders of the Fatherland? Today we have learned a lot about the awards that were used to mark heroes during the Great Patriotic War. We will keep the memory of these people forever.

To preserve the memory of the heroes of the war, monuments were erected in cities and towns, the Eternal Flame burns near the Kremlin wall in the capital of our Motherland, the hero city of Moscow, at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier. This is the fire of our memory, a symbol of what we remember about those events. There is another very important symbol - this is the Banner of Victory.

Educator: Let's look at the image of the Banner of Victory.

What color is the banner of victory? (The Victory Banner is red.)

What is on the banner? (On the Banner of Victory are depicted: a star, a sickle and a hammer, inscriptions.)

In those days, our country Russia was part of a state called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The national flag of the Soviet Union was red with a gold star and a gold hammer and sickle. The hammer and sickle are symbols of labor and workers, those who work in factories and plants, grow bread, the star is a symbol of the defenders of the Fatherland. These symbols are also depicted on the Banner of Victory, only they are applied to the cloth with white paint. The inscriptions on the Banner of Victory indicate which military unit this banner belonged to.

The events associated with the Banner of Victory took place at the very end of the Great Patriotic War. And before that, in heavy battles, Soviet troops liberated their homeland from cruel invaders. They also liberated many other countries: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria - and, finally, they stormed the capital of Nazi Germany - the city of Berlin.

In the center of the city, fighting broke out for every house, for every street. The assault on the building of the fascist government - the Reichstag - was especially difficult. To overcome the stubborn resistance of the Nazis, one had to fight for every floor, for every room. And finally, the assault groups of Soviet soldiers climbed onto the roof.

The Banner of Victory fluttered over Berlin - this meant that the war was over, the long-awaited victory had been won. Then the Banner of Victory was transported to Moscow to participate in the Victory Parade. I propose to draw the Banner of Victory.

overcoat

Why are you keeping your overcoat? - I asked my dad. - Why don't you tear it, don't burn it? - I asked my dad.

After all, she is dirty and old,

Take a better look

There's a hole in the back

Take a better look!

That's why I keep it,

Dad answers me

Therefore, I will not tear, I will not burn, -

Dad answers me. -

Because she is dear to me

What's in this overcoat

We went, my friend, to the enemy

And he was defeated!

War. brutal war

It's not the first month...

Life, like a string, is tense,

The capital is in danger.

The country flourished. But the enemy from around the corner

He made a raid, went to war with us.

In that terrible hour, Becoming a steel wall, All youth took up arms,

To defend the Fatherland.

Let there be peace

Let the sky be blue

Let there be no smoke in the sky

Let the formidable guns be silent

And machine guns do not scribble, So that people live, cities ...

Peace is always needed on earth!

Firework

Hurry, get dressed!

Call the guys soon!

In honor of the holiday, the big guns are fired.

Everything was quiet around

And suddenly - fireworks! Firework! Rockets in the sky flashed

Both there and here!

over the square,

over rooftops,

Over festive Moscow

Rising higher

Fire fountain alive!

To the street, to the street

Everyone runs happily

They shout: "Hurrah!"

admiring

For the festive

Peaceful rhyme

One, two, three, four, five!

Red, white, yellow, blue!

Copper, iron, aluminum!

Sun, air and water!

Mountains, rivers, cities!

Work, fun, sweet dream!

Let the war come out!

Victory Day

May holiday -

Victory Day

The whole country celebrates.

Our grandfathers put on

Military orders.

The road calls them in the morning

To the solemn parade

And thoughtfully from the threshold Grandmothers look after them.

Forever remember! (excerpt)

Wherever you go, wherever you go,

But stop here

Tomb this road

Bow with all your heart.

Whoever you are -

fisherman, miner,

Scientist or shepherd, -

Forever remember: here lies

Your very best friend.

And for you and for me, He did everything He could: He did not spare himself in battle

And saved the Motherland.

Glory Monument

In the clearing, close to the camp,

Where rosemary blooms all summer,

Looking at the road from the obelisk

Infantryman, sailor and pilot.

Imprint of a happy childhood

Preserved on the faces of the soldiers,

But there's nowhere for them to go

From the military severity of dates.

“Here in the same green June, -

We were told by an elderly foreman, -

I took them, cheerful and young,

And the war did not return home.

At dawn, pressing machine guns,

The soldiers went to storm the heights ... ".

To our ageless counselors

We put flowers at our feet.

We are not here because of the date.

Like an evil fragment, the memory burns in the chest.

To the grave of the unknown soldier You come on holidays and weekdays. He protected you on the battlefield, fell without stepping back,

And this hero has a name - a simple soldier of the Great Army.

No, the word "peace" will hardly remain,

When the war will not people know.

After all, what used to be called the world,

Everyone will simply call life.

And only children, connoisseurs of the past, Playing merrily at war, Having run, will remember this word, With which they died in the old days.

Didactic and outdoor games.

Didactic game "Name the proverb"

Target: to consolidate children's knowledge of proverbs about soldiers, military duty, about the Motherland, to cultivate interest in Russian folklore.

Each child, to whom the ball falls into his hands, remembers and pronounces the proverb about courage, strength, courage, explains its meaning. "Die yourself, but help out a comrade",

"From your native land - die, do not go",

"For the edge of your death stand,"

"For a just cause, stand boldly,"

"To live - to serve the Motherland",

"The happiness of the Motherland is more precious than life",

"Not the hero who is waiting for a reward, but the hero who goes for the people."

Didactic game "Before and now"

Target: to consolidate children's knowledge about the history of Russia and the way of life of our ancestors; to acquaint children with antiquities; learn to find an analogue in the modern world; educate interest in the past of our country; develop speech, logical thinking of preschoolers.

Equipment: 10 A4 size cards depicting antiques and the modern world; Cardboard circles with a diameter of 4 cm in two colors: blue and red.

Play from 2 to 10 players. Each player has one large card depicting antiques and objects of the modern world; cardboard circles in two colors. The role of the leader is played by the educator. Children are invited to close the pictures depicting objects of modern life with red circles; blue circles to close pictures depicting antiquities. Consider the objects of the modern world depicted in open pictures; give them the correct name and explain their purpose.

Didactic game "Defenders of the Fatherland"

Target: to consolidate the knowledge of children about the different types of troops of the Russian army; to consolidate knowledge about the features of military service and the necessary conditions for its successful completion; to cultivate a sense of pride in the defenders of the Fatherland; to develop speech, the ability to classify objects.

Equipment: 9 A3 format cards. In the center of each card is an image of a soldier of various branches of the armed forces (pilot, artilleryman, paratrooper, sailor, submariner, tankman, border guard), as well as a veteran of the Great Patriotic War. The free space around the warrior is divided into 6 squares. Handout cards depicting various items and events of a military theme (tank, cannon, machine gun, binoculars, peakless cap, ship, tablet, parade, Eternal Flame, etc.).

From 1 to 9 children can take part in the game. The facilitator (teacher or child) distributes large cards to the participants in the game, shuffles small cards among themselves and shows the children one at a time. The task of the children is to determine whether the displayed object or event belongs to a representative of one or another military branch, to argue their answer. If the child answers correctly, he receives a small card and covers the empty square on the large card with it. The game continues until all the small cards have been dealt.

Didactic game "Great people of Russia"

Target: to consolidate the knowledge of children about great compatriots; to teach to select the necessary items for the corresponding portrait that relate to this person, his type of activity; to cultivate interest and respect for the historical past of Russia, pride in great compatriots and their achievements; develop speech and logical thinking of preschoolers.

Equipment: 11 cards (25x20cm) in different colors, on which in the center

portraits are depicted: A.V. Suvorov, M. I. Kutuzov, I. N. Kozhedub, A. P. Maresyev, A. M. Matrosov. Under each portrait - 3 free white circles.

Up to 11 children can take part in the game. The teacher distributes large cards, which depict portraits of great people. Shows the children small circle cards, where objects are drawn that are characteristic of a particular type of activity.

The teacher invites the children to determine which of the historical characters depicted in the portraits will suit this item, and explain why. The child who answered the question correctly takes the card for himself and closes the circle under the portrait with it. The game continues until all circles on the cards are closed.

Mobile game "Who is faster?"

On the chairs, arranged in several rows, as in the army, are a tunic, overalls, a cape, a budenovka, a peakless cap. On command, the children should get dressed or dress the dolls as quickly as possible. The winner is the one who does all the actions faster than others and correctly. The winner is appointed by the commander. He opens the envelope and announces which military unit the children will visit next.

Mobile game "Peretyazhushki"

Children of both teams are divided into pairs. Each pair is given a gymnastic stick.

Members of one team stand on one side of the designated line. At the signal of the leader, the team members try to pull the enemy to their side.

Mobile game "Sappers"

Two teams move from one side to the other, stepping only on the boards.

When the men went to the front, women and children remained at home, who from that moment on ceased to be children. They took care of their mothers, stood in lines for bread or ran off to fight. And no matter how much they tried to protect them from the war, it was everywhere, and the children saw and noticed everything. The heroes of these books grew out of them - very different, with amazing destinies, behind each of which are the memories of a person who was a child during the war.

For those who are preparing for the main school exam

"Three Girls", Elena Vereiskaya

Three girls are schoolgirls Natasha, Katya and Lucy. They live in a communal apartment, called “Salty Katolyuando” by the first letters of all the inhabitants, they are friends, come up with puzzles, celebrate the New Year - and then the war comes. Having stopped going to school - it was bombed - the girls learn other things. They know how to put out incendiary bombs, distinguish between the noise of the engines of Soviet and enemy aircraft, and enjoy stale bread: "The cracker was very stale, and it was good - you could chew longer." This story is about the good - caring for each other helps the residents of the apartment to survive the most difficult moments.

“Katya sat down on the step at the entrance to the bakery - she was very tired. Here are ten more people, and she will reach the door. It’s already easier to stand in the bakery itself, it’s warmer there. Katya thought about her grandfather, - the last few days she was very worried about him. Grandfather sometimes does not come from the factory for two or three days, and then she does not know what to think, and is afraid to think about the worst.

“Be healthy, schoolboy”, Bulat Okudzhava

Bulat Okudzhava gets to the front at the age of 17 - you can no longer call him a child, but, in fact, this is yesterday's schoolboy. His autobiographical story is very honest: he writes about how difficult the military life was, how sharply the real war differed from childish ideas about it.

“The regimental commander reads the report and looks at me. And I feel puny and small. I look at my not-so-antique legs, thin and wrapped. And on hefty soldier's boots. All this must be very funny.”

War stories, especially children's stories, are very often written in a sublimely patriotic mood, and we forgive many of them because we loved them in childhood and wanted to be like selfless heroes. But in Okudzhava's story, war is not heroism and exploits, it is both mistakes due to inexperience, and fear, and the desire to survive, and at the same time, the friendship of those same yesterday's schoolchildren that supported the human in them. Okudzhava tells how he ate stew with a chip, having lost a spoon, how he froze in winter in bad boots, how he confused the whistle of enemy bullets with the singing of birds, how he took on a “dashing look” to please the signalman Nina, and how his comrades died.

"Boys from the blockade", Alexander Krestinsky

Several stories and a story in Krestinsky's autobiographical collection are about the life of Leningrad children before the war and during the blockade. They were children - they played, they dreamed of victorious battles, until the Nazis turned their fantasies into reality under the walls of the city.

“And yet the war began. Having learned about this, we took our sabers and guns and went to the backyard to prepare for the battle with Genghis Khan, who had already been dubbed a fascist among ourselves, and made noise there cheerfully, dashingly, victoriously, driving out the last silence from the cobweb corners, until Kolya Kumach came, especially serious, pale, with sad gray eyes on a large puffy face, and did not say - too rudely, as it seemed to me then: “Fools, war is after all ...“

Now the boys no longer saw sabers and colored pictures from magazines as wealth, but a piece of frozen horsemeat. This is a book about terrible and sad events, which are told in simple words. During the siege, Leningraders buried their loved ones, hid from the bombings and survived with all their might, but besides this, they were friends, fell in love and retold books to each other that they had read even when there was no war.

"I see the sun", Nodar Dumbadze

“That day for the first time I saw so many frightened people with tears in their eyes, for the first time I saw a crying aunt. This day was like a sea tide, after which fish, shells and chips remain on the shore ... ”- such was the day when men from every family in the village of Soso went to the front. Left without parents, who were repressed even earlier, he lives with his aunt and befriends a blind girl, Khatia, who lives next door. The doctor promised her that if she could see the sun, then her blindness could be cured.

This is a story about how the war goes on in a Georgian village, far from hostilities: there is a place for both desertion and heroic deeds. The villagers save the life of a wounded soldier, knowing nothing about him except that he needs help. In the words that Khatia often repeats, “I see the sun,” are both her hope for healing, and that the war will end and everything will be fine one day.

“Must stay alive”, Lyudmila Nikolskaya

Lyudmila Nikolskaya writes about one month of the siege in the life of the Leningrad girl Maya - December 1941. The small but important moments of this short period are described here in great detail: how Maya finds someone else's bread card and is afraid that she will be caught stealing, how she supports her mother and how she remembers, when she saw the forgotten inscription on the wall, how she wanted to be like Zhenya from " Timur and his team. What she worries about, what she thinks about and what she is afraid of - all these are signs of the blockade time, which we see with children's eyes.

“Until recently, the war was like in the movies. Somewhere on the borders, strong, cheerful fighters are fighting with the enemy. In the intervals between battles, they sing beautiful courageous songs. There is a war, there is shooting and killing. At home, the fighters are expected with the victory of the bride and they also sing songs. Tender and sad. Everything is messed up. Leningrad became a front. He is being bombed and shelled. They kill in it."

"Street of the youngest son" Lev Kassil, Max Polyanovsky

“There are not so many boys in the world, after whom entire streets are named,” this is how the story begins about Volodya Dubinin, a boy who joined a partisan detachment.

“Volodya for a long time could not decide who he should be when he grows up. Not far away was the time when he dreamed of becoming a doctor. Then, like many of his peers in those years, he decided that he would be a polar explorer and would swim on an ice floe under a red flag. Soon after that, he was going to become a border guard and fight in the Far East against the Japanese samurai.

But he never had to grow up - as well as become a doctor or a polar explorer. Instead, with the advent of the fascist invaders, Volodya becomes a partisan and he remains in the memory of the city, which he helped defend.

"Refuge", Anne Frank

Anne Frank made the first entry in her diary on June 12, 1942, when she was 13 years old, and kept it until August 1, 1944. A Jewish girl witnessed the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands and, with her family hiding from the Germans, kept notes in the form of letters to her fictitious friend Kitty. She talked about the life of the inhabitants of the shelter, wrote down her thoughts, grievances and joys until the day the Gestapo came to their shelter.

"Dear Kitty! Our shelter has become a real hiding place. Mr. Kraler had a brilliant idea - to close tightly the entrance to us here, on the back half of the house, because now there are a lot of searches - they are looking for bicycles. This plan was carried out by Mr. Vossen. He made a movable bookshelf that opens to one side like a door. Of course, he had to be “initiated”, and now he is ready to help us in everything.”

"Son of the Regiment", Valentin Kataev

"Son of the Regiment" is a story about one boy, but in fact his fate was not rare for wartime. Vanya Solntsev, whose family was taken away by the war, was found by scouts sleeping in a trench and "adopted" by the entire regiment.

"It's a well-known matter, Comrade Captain," said Yegorov. - My father died at the front in the first days of the war. The village was occupied by the Germans. The mother did not want to give away the cow. The mother was killed. Grandmother and little sister died of hunger. One left. Then the village was burned down. Went with a bag to collect the pieces. Then he ran away. Read, for two years I wandered, hid in the forests, I still wanted to cross the front. Yes, the front was far away then. Completely wild, overgrown with hair. Became evil. A real wolf. We also found a primer in his bag. Ripped, battered. “Why do you need a primer?” - we ask. “In order not to unlearn literacy,” he says. Well, what do you say!

The son of Valentin Kataev, Pavel, later wrote that his father, who worked as a war correspondent, conceived this story during front-line missions, several times encountering cases when soldiers took in homeless, orphaned children.

Portal for the student. Self-training

Stories about the Great Patriotic War by Vladimir Bogomolov

Vladimir Bogomolov. Extraordinary morning

Vladimir Bogomolov. Fedoseev Battalion

Vladimir Bogomolov. Flight "Swallows"

Vladimir Bogomolov. 58 days on fire

Vladimir Bogomolov. Olga Kovaleva

List of war books for preschool and primary school age

List of books about the war for students in grades 5-7

List of books about the war for students in grades 8-9

List of books about the war for students in grades 10-11

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