Teaching aids and their role in the educational process. How to write a study guide

Toolkit

Toolkit- a kind of educational and methodical publication, which includes an extensive systematized material that reveals the content, distinctive features of the teaching methodology for any training course as a whole, or a significant section (s) of the course, or in the direction of educational work. In addition to theoretical material, it may contain lesson plans and notes, as well as didactic material in the form of illustrations, tables, diagrams, drawings, etc. It is characterized by a pronounced practical orientation, accessibility, and is intended to help the teacher in his daily work.

Toolkit is a publication designed to help educators for practical application in practice, in which the main emphasis is on teaching methods. Each manual is based on concrete examples and recommendations.

The methodological manual differs from the methodological recommendations in that it contains, along with practical recommendations, also theoretical provisions that reveal the existing points of view on the issue in pedagogical science. In methodological recommendations, the theory of the issue is given minimally.

The authors of teaching aids are, as a rule, experienced teachers and methodologists who are able to systematize the practical material of their own work and the work of colleagues in the profession, take into account and use the theoretical developments of modern pedagogy in substantiating the proposed methods.

task methodological manual is to provide practical assistance to teachers and methodologists of an educational institution in acquiring and mastering advanced knowledge, both theoretical and practical.

Requirements for teaching aids

Informativeness, maximum saturation (there should be no common phrases).

Clarity and clarity of presentation (popularity).

Structure clarity.

The presence of original ways of organizing relevant activities.

The presence of either new methodological methods of forms of activity, or a new combination of them.

The presence of confirmation of the effectiveness of the proposed approaches by examples, illustrations, or materials of experimental testing.

The structure of the manual includes:

Introduction or explanatory note- up to 15% of the text, which reveals the history of the issue, analyzes the state of science on this issue, the presence or absence of similar methods, technologies that justify the need for this manual. The features of the construction of the manual, the purpose, to whom it is addressed are described.

Main part- up to 75% of the text, in the main part of the manual, depending on the purpose and goals, there may be various sections (chapters). Their name, number, sequence is determined and logically built depending on the author's intention.

For example:

Chapter 1 - the studied theoretical material is presented;

Chapter 2 - describes the main techniques, technologies used or recommended for a successful solution of the issue;

Chapter 3 - a list and description of practical work with a recommendation for their implementation;

Chapter 4 - control tasks to test the assimilation of the material.

In the theoretical part, the scientific and pedagogical substantiation of the content of the manual is presented in a brief form (if necessary, with reference to relevant works), the author's own methodological position is characterized in relation to the system of education of children, which has its own specific features.

In the practical part, the factual material is systematized and classified, practical recommendations are provided, and typical examples of various forms and methods of work in an educational institution are given.

The didactic part contains didactic materials (diagrams, tables, figures, etc.) illustrating practical material.

Conclusion- up to 10% of the text, brief, clear conclusions and results are presented that logically follow from the content of the methodological manual, in which direction it is supposed to work further.

Literature- the list of references is given in alphabetical order indicating the author, full title, place of publication, publisher, year of publication.

Applications include materials necessary for the organization of the recommended type of activity using this methodological manual, but not included in the main text. Among the applications there may be various necessary regulatory documents, including those of an educational institution, the use of which will allow the teacher or methodologist to organize their work in accordance with the existing requirements.

Applications are located at the very end of the work in the order they are mentioned in the text. Each application starts on a new page and has its own name. In the upper right corner of the page they write the word "Appendix" and put its number (for example, "Appendix 1"). The appendices have consecutive pagination (guidelines end at page 16, the appendix starts at page 17).

Toolkit must contain all the constituent parts that are included in the publication, while in addition to the main text, the manuscript must include a cover, title page and back of the title page.

On the cover in the center is the title of the work, I.O.F. the author is placed above the title. You should remember that the initials are written first, and then the surname. At the bottom, in the center of the sheet, the name of the city or district and the year are indicated. There are no punctuation marks.

Figures and photographs on the cover should correspond to the content of the manuscript.

On the title page the title is written, above the title I.O.F. author. At the top in the center is written the name of the organization on behalf of which the publication is issued, with the name of the parent organization. At the bottom, in the center of the sheet, the name of the city or district and the year are indicated. There are no punctuation marks.

Back of title page contains the surname, name, patronymic of the author, position, place of work, qualification category or academic degree, as well as an annotation to the work. The abstract contains the following concise information:

Indicates what this manual is about;

The purpose of this methodological manual, i.e. what kind of help and to whom the present work is intended to provide;

possible areas of application of the proposed type of methodological products (where this manual can be used).

Technical requirements for the design of the methodological manual

The text part of the manuscript must be typed on a computer (A4: 210X297), format A 4. Line spacing - 1 or 1.5. To type text, formulas and tables, you must use Microsoft Word for Windows. Font - Times New Roman, size 14. If it is necessary to highlight a word or sentence in the text, highlight it in bold or italics, but always in font 14. Underscores are not allowed. Paragraphs start with a red line. Red line - 1.27. The text does not allow hyphenation, alignment in width. Word hyphenation in headings and subheadings is not done. Underlining them is not allowed, a period at the end of the title is not put. The texts of structural elements - sections - should begin with a new paragraph. It is necessary to remember the importance of dividing (categorizing) the text with the help of paragraphs - indents in a line at the beginning of a new semantic part. Page numbers - in Arabic numerals, at the bottom of the page, center alignment, the title page is included in the overall numbering. The numbering is put down from the main text.

Fields are permanent:

Top margin - 2 cm. Bottom margin - 2.5 cm.

Left margin - 3 cm. Right margin - 1 cm.

Used in uch.-educate. process and designed to expand, deepen and better assimilate the knowledge provided for by the curriculum and set out in textbooks. For each academic subject, a U. p. system is developed, between which there are connections determined by the content of the subject, teaching methods, the features of mastering one or another content, and the functional properties of the department. species U. p.

There are 3 main U. p. groups: natural objects; images and displays of objects and phenomena of reality; descriptions of objects and phenomena of the world in words and phrases of natures. and arts and languages.

The first group includes: objects and phenomena of objective reality for direct study (minerals, rocks, raw materials, intermediates and products of production, preparations of plants and animals, etc.); natural objects and tech. means for reproducing phenomena and their subsequent laboratory study (reagents, instruments, etc.); material and technical means for labor, depict, and other activities of students (wood, metal, plastics, glass, etc.; measuring, control devices, assembly and finishing tools; accessories and tools for drawing and drawing; machines, machine tools, tech. devices, etc.).

The second group: voluminous aids - models, models, casts, dummies, globes, etc.; planar manuals - tables, pictures, photographs, maps, diagrams, drawings; audiovisual means - films, film fragments, film loops, filmstrips, transparencies, banners, recordings on gramophone records and magnetic tape, radio and television programs, etc. Audiovisual means, radio and allow you to acquaint students with the achievements of modern. science, technology, production and culture, with phenomena inaccessible directly. observation, be transported to the most remote times and places of the globe, into space, penetrate into the depths of matter (multishooting), into the internal. in the world of waves, elementary particles, atoms, molecules, cells of living matter; visually present and theoretically explain the phenomena of nature and societies, life.

The third group: uch.-method, literature - program-methodical (programs and method, instructions for them, method, letters and manuals); educational (primers, textbooks, textbooks, lectures, notes, etc.); auxiliary (readers, workshops, collections of practical assignments, tasks and exercises, atlases, collections of drawings, workbooks; publications for reading in foreign languages, etc. materials).

A special group of teaching aids is made up of technical teaching aids: informational, controlling, and teaching.

Versatile functional-ped., ergonomic, esthetic, economical. requirements, as well as safety and hygiene requirements.

U. p.'s development is carried out by n. bureau diff. min-in (including industrial), teachers-specialists in accounting. equipment, as well as teachers. The creation of new and modernization of existing U. p. occurs on the basis of research conducted in the institutes of the Russian Academy of Education and others. U. p. are produced at the factories of educational and visual aids, in publishing houses.

The acquisition of schools U. p. is carried out in accordance with the standard lists of educational and visual aids and accounting. equipment for general education. schools developed by N. - and, in-tami RAO. The lists include sets of training and education tools that are mandatory for uch equipment. classrooms, classrooms, workshops. Number of equipment and handouts for self-study. laboratory and practical work is determined in accordance with the occupancy of the classes. School supplies are supplied through the sectoral supply system.

Lit .: Shapovalenko S. G., Methodologies, research and development issues in the field of school. equipment, SP, 1982, No. 6; Shakhmaev H. M., Teaching tools, in the book: Didactics cf. schools, ed. M. H. Skat-kina, M., 19822, ch. 7; Antsiferov L. I., Home-made devices for physical. workshop on Wed. school, M., 1985; D p and g. a I. I., P a x G. I., Tekhn. teaching aids in general education. school, M., 1985; Ivanov B. S., Electronic homemade products, M., 1985; Account catalog equipment in geography, M., 1985; III m and r-gun N. I. Screen-sound aids in teaching physics, M., 1985; Yakushina L. S., Cinema and sound recording in the lessons of literature, M., 1985; see also lit. at Art. Teaching aids, Teaching machines. Educational cinema, etc. T. S. Nazarova.

Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia. - M: "Great Russian Encyclopedia". Ed. V. G. Panova. 1993 .

See what "TUTORIALS" are in other dictionaries:

study guides- mokymo priemonės statusas T sritis švietimas apibrėžtis Mokymo proceso struktūros elementai, apimantys mokymo reikmenis, skirtus moksleivių pojūčiams, suvokimui, vaizdiniams, mąstymui ir sugebėjimams, praktinio darmsbo mokėjigūd… ir… Enciklopedinis edukologijos žodynas

Tutorials- in the modern pedagogical classification, teaching aids (See Education) designed to expand, deepen and better assimilate the knowledge provided for by the curriculum (See Curriculum) and set out in the Textbooks. K U… Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Tutorials- in the modern pedagogical classification, all material teaching aids used in the educational process and designed to expand, deepen and better assimilate the knowledge provided for by the curriculum and ... ... Pedagogical terminological dictionary

Tutorials- usually complement existing textbooks on a given discipline, i.e. they, as a rule, consider only a part of the training course, or they are focused on the practical side of mastering the material (D); specially made and natural items… Glossary of terms on general and social pedagogy

Tutorials- 1) books that set out the foundations of scientific knowledge in a particular academic subject from certain author's positions; 2) books for teachers or students containing methodological materials, explanations, recommendations on individual academic subjects; 3)… … Pedagogical Dictionary

Textbooks and teaching aids for the discipline "Program Evaluation"- Main article: Evaluation of programs Textbooks Textbooks and teaching aids for the discipline "Evaluation of programs". The article is an overview of the main textbooks and manuals on the discipline "Evaluation of programs and policies", published in English and Russian ... Wikipedia

LEARNING CARDS Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Educational establishments- Educational institution - the former name in pre-revolutionary Russia, and later in the USSR and the Russian Federation (until 1992) of an educational institution. In accordance with current Russian law, this is an institution that carries out ... ... Wikipedia

study cards- intended as a manual in the study of geography, history and other subjects in primary, secondary and higher education; their content is consistent with the program and the textbook of the corresponding course, and the methods of image and design correspond to ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Used in teaching science. scientific and social scientist. disciplines in cf. and higher school. The U. K. p. system includes maps, atlases, globes, reproductions of aero and space. pictures and photographs. The map is figuratively a symbolic model, representing ... ... Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia

Books

Methods of teaching Oriental languages: aspectization, computerization, new teaching aids. Collection of articles of participants of the I International Conference. Moscow, National Research University Higher School of Economics, April 22-23, 2013, Maslov A., Anikina V., Baklanova M. et al. This collection includes articles by participants of the I International Conference "Methods of teaching Oriental languages: aspectization, computerization, new teaching aids" . Presented…

EDUCATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL AIDS

Puzyrev A.V.
"Aesthetics of language and assessment of the content basis of mass songs"
Filimonova L.V., Bykova E.A.
Mathematics and informatics.
(for students of humanitarian faculties of universities)
The proposed textbook is intended for university students studying at faculties where mathematics and computer science are not subjects of specialization. It has been compiled taking into account the requirements of the state standard and it sets out at an accessible level some of the fundamental questions that are included in the curriculum for the new subject "Mathematics and Informatics". This manual contains 11 paragraphs, each of which is devoted to the study of fundamental issues of mathematics and computer science. Its goal is to educate a person in a culture of rational methods of operating with existing and acquiring new knowledge, to acquaint students with some sections of higher mathematics, to deepen the knowledge gained at school in computer science and information technology, to provide the necessary information about modern aspects of using computers and recent achievements.
Kravchenko V.A.
Reference material for the preparation of a course project (work) on the system of fertilizer application in crop rotations
(for students of the Faculty of Agriculture of full-time and part-time forms of study)
Guidelines for the implementation and defense of final qualifying (diploma) works
(for students of the Faculty of Agriculture in the direction of training a graduate - 660200 "Agronomy")
These guidelines have been revised on the basis of the guidelines developed by teachers of the agronomic faculty of the Voronezh State Agrarian University. K.D. Glinka - Kozlobaeva V.V. Fedotova V.A. Popova A.F. and aim to give the necessary information to students of the Faculty of Agriculture of the Yelets State University named after I.A. Bunin for independent preparation and defense of the final (thesis) work.
Podaeva N.G., Zhuk D.A.
Lectures on the foundations of geometry
Podaeva N.G., Krasnikova L.V.
Lines and surfaces in Euclidean space
(for students of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics)
Podaeva N.G., Evsikov S.V.
Lectures on elements of topology
(for students of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics)
Nosov V.A.
Combinatorics and graph theory
Gubina T.N., Tarov D.A., Masina O.N., Tarova I.N.
Methodological recommendations for preparing for the state final exam "Informatics" of graduates of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics
Gubina T.N., Masina O.N., Gubin M.A.
Working in Microsoft Office
Poznyak T.A., Tarova I.N., Karpacheva I.A., Budyakova T.P.
Industrial practice of future teachers of computer science
Tarov D.A., Tarova I.N., Gubina T.N., Masina O.N., Dyakina V.A.
Control and measuring materials on disciplines of an information profile.
Tarov D.A.
Guidelines for writing term papers in the disciplines of the information profile.
Tarova I.N., Terekhov Yu.P., Masina O.N., Skokov A.V.
Workshop on solving problems on a computer.
Balashova T.N.
inheritance law
(for full-time and part-time students)
In this manual, the task is to provide methodological assistance to students studying the discipline of Inheritance Law. It covers all the main sections of the discipline, offers control tasks, tests and tasks for each topic. Methodical instructions are drawn up in accordance with the program on inheritance law for higher educational institutions. Recommended for law students. The manual is intended for students of the Faculty of Law full-time and part-time forms of study.
Zubova O.V.
Teaching materials on civil law (general part)
These educational materials are intended for students and teachers of the Faculty of Law. The purpose of the manual is to assist in the study of the general part of civil law, as well as to facilitate the search for regulatory material and legal literature necessary for the implementation of practical tasks.
The collection contains practical tasks that students can use to master the main provisions of the course in the process of self-preparation for civil law classes, and teachers - to control students' knowledge.
Elective courses for students of the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology (preschool): Work programs [Text]
The teaching aid contains topics and content of elective courses for students of the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology (preschool). The manual consists of a preface, programs of elective courses. The preface reveals the place of elective disciplines in the educational process of the faculty and their importance in the training of highly qualified specialists. The subject and content of elective courses were developed by teachers of the Department of Preschool and Correctional Pedagogy. The teaching aid is addressed to full-time and part-time students, university professors, practitioners.
Collection of work programs of psychological and pedagogical disciplines in the specialty 050703 preschool pedagogy and psychology
The collection contains work programs for the main list of psychological and pedagogical disciplines in the specialty "Preschool Pedagogy and Psychology", developed by teachers of the departments of preschool and correctional pedagogy, developmental and pedagogical psychology in accordance with GOSTs of 2005, modern requirements and the level of development of science. Each work program includes the purpose and objectives of this discipline, the main content, practical and laboratory classes, assignments for independent work, questions for tests and exams, lists of basic and additional literature, an approximate list of topics for essays and term papers, options for tests and tests by semesters etc. Work programs are approved by the Methodological Council of the Faculty of Pedagogy and Preschool Psychology. This educational and program publication is addressed to students of the faculties of pedagogy and psychology of preschool, it can be useful for teachers of pedagogical colleges and universities that train specialists in this field.
Chuikova Zh.V.
Historical and pedagogical analysis of the problem of teaching preschool children the native language
(to the elective course)
V.N. Kartashova
Deutsch 4: Mein Beruf ist Fremdsprachenlehrer
(A manual on the practice of the German language for 4th year students of the Faculty of Pedagogy and Preschool Psychology with an additional specialty "Foreign Language")
The manual involves the implementation of the principles of professional and communicative orientation, which ensure the active formation of foreign language skills in the process of educational activities among students - future teachers of a foreign language for preschoolers and younger students. Orientation to the future specialty of the student determined the selection of educational material. The manual contains original texts for reading on pedagogical and regional studies topics. The textbook is intended for 4th year students of the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology (preschool), who study German as a second specialty.
Anufrieva O. V.
Fine arts of Germany.
(for design students)
Constitutional (state) law of foreign countries.
(for students of the specialty 030501 - Law of all forms of education)
Zakharova M.A.
Pedagogical research in the format of coursework and WRC
I.A. Karpacheva, T.A. Poznyak
Teaching practice.
(for students of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics)
The teaching aid is intended for students of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics studying in the specialty 032100.00 - Mathematics with an additional specialty (qualification as a teacher of mathematics). The manual reflects the general provisions of the organization of educational and industrial practice of students - future teachers, the rights and obligations of student trainees, requirements for paperwork, criteria for evaluating students' activities. In accordance with the stages of organization of practices, their content is consistently disclosed, general pedagogical and methodological recommendations for organizing a modern lesson are formulated, research tasks are developed and recommendations for their implementation are proposed. The manual contains diagnostic techniques, plans and notes of lessons.
Karpacheva I.A., Krikunov A.E.
Methodological recommendations for the study of pedagogy for part-time students.
(for part-time students)
The teaching aid is intended for part-time students of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, who study under an abbreviated program. At the same time, it will be useful for part-time students of all pedagogical specialties. The manual presents the logic and structure of studying the pedagogy course during the entire period of study at the university, offers methodological recommendations and tasks for seminars, tasks for independent work. Part-time students will find in the manual assignments in pedagogy that must be completed during the period of teaching practice, as well as recommendations for completing coursework and final qualifying work.
V. N. Mezinov
Introduction to pedagogical activity
T.P. Budyakova
Coursework in psychology
The teaching aid deals with general methodological issues of writing and designing term papers in psychology. Methods for describing the results of scientific empirical research are proposed. For students of non-psychological specialties.
T.P. Budyakova
Sign-symbolic activity and its genesis
(to the course "Age and pedagogical psychology" for the specialty 031200 "Pedagogy and methods of primary education")
The textbook reveals one of the most difficult sections of developmental and educational psychology to study: the development of sign-symbolic activity in ontogenesis. The definition of sign-symbolic activity is given, the ways of its formation and development in preschool and primary school age are described. The manual is addressed to students studying psychology.
T.P. Budyakova
Legal and psychological aspects of the legal institution of compensation for moral damage
(to the course "Legal Psychology" (for students enrolled in the specialty 021100 "Jurisprudence"))
The textbook is devoted to underdeveloped problems of legal psychology. In particular, legal and psychological aspects are considered in the application of the norms of the civil law institution of compensation for moral harm.
Morozova M.A.
Modern Russian language. Morphology (verb, verb forms). Preparation plans for practical and individual lessons.
(for independent work of full-time and part-time students of the specialty "050301 - Russian Language and Literature" with an additional specialty "050401 - History".)
The manual contains a program on the morphology of the Russian language (verb and verb forms) for 3rd year students of the Faculty of Philology, plans for practical classes indicating literature, classroom and homework assignments and samples of their implementation, a list of basic and additional literature for the course, two tests that can can also be used for self-preparation for classes and tests. The manual is intended for students and teachers teaching the course of the morphology of the Russian language (verb, verb forms).
Voevodina G.A.
Unique affixes in modern Russian.
(for students of the Faculty of Philology)
The study guide for the special course explores questions related to the status of unique affixes that do not have a clear answer due to their insufficient knowledge. Consideration of questions about unique affixes helps to clarify the concept of a morpheme and its main features. This manual can be used for theoretical and practical understanding of the language material, when studying the "Elective Course", an elective, in the preparation of term papers and qualifying papers.
Biryukova T.G.
Text analysis and synthesis
The manual is a theoretical and practical course that helps to master the techniques of perceiving strangers and creating their own texts. Its main task is to develop the ability to communicate in various fields on the basis of mastering the most common genres of oral and written speech, to teach how to use the expressive means of the language for effective communication. The manual provides for a variety of work with the text, the tasks are creative in nature, have practical significance. The book is intended for school graduates, as well as for students of various specialties who want to improve their speech culture.
IN AND. Kazarina
Modern Russian Syntax: Structural Organization of a Simple Sentence
The textbook, which includes material on the problems of verbal and propositional connections, the structural scheme of a simple sentence as a linguistic sign, the signifier of which is a typical proposition, and the positional scheme as a speech sign of an utterance, the structural and semantic organization of sentences, traditionally qualified as one-component sentences with excursions into the history of study, is intended primarily for students of the Faculty of Philology, it will be useful for graduate students and school teachers, as well as for everyone who is interested in the problems of Russian syntax.
Filimonova L.V., Bobrova T.M.
Guidelines for laboratory studies on the study of the section of general physics "Mechanics". In two parts.
(for students of engineering physics and physics and mathematics faculties)
The purpose of this manual is to assist students in the preparation and implementation of laboratory work on topics from the section of general physics "Mechanics". The manual provides descriptions for 13 laboratory works. The works of the first part mainly deal with material on kinematics, oscillations and waves, the motion of bodies in a viscous fluid; the second part contains works on the dynamics of a material point and a rigid body. For each work, a statement of the purpose of its implementation, a list of the equipment used, a brief basic theory on the topic of the work, a description of the method, questions for admission, the content of experimental tasks, questions for the report are given. The material presented in each work is sufficient for its implementation, but requires the study of additional literary sources for the preparation of the report. The appendices provide brief information on the calculation of the error in the results of an educational experiment in physics, the necessary reference tables, and additional material. The teaching aid is recommended for use in laboratory classes with students of the Faculty of Engineering Physics and Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of YSU in the laboratory of mechanics.
Filimonova L.V.
Methodical instructions for practical classes in general and experimental physics. Part two. MKT and thermodynamics.
(for students of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics)
The purpose of these instructions is to assist students in mastering the program material in physics through the solution of typical problems in the section "MKT and thermodynamics". The guidelines provide material for 6 practical exercises, containing questions for theoretical preparation for the lesson, detailed instructions for solving typical problems, tasks for independent solution. The topics of practical classes are taken from the work program of the discipline "General and experimental physics" and cover theoretical material on the basics of the molecular-kinetic theory of matter and thermodynamics. For each practical lesson, detailed instructions are given for solving a wide range of problems, highlighting the basic laws, concepts and methods reflected in the lecture material. The material presented in each topic through methodological instructions is sufficient for students to independently solve all the tasks given at the end of each lesson. The appendices contain additional material on the concept of "number of degrees of freedom", mathematical methods for solving complex problems, a list of used notation and reference material. Methodological instructions are recommended for use in practical classes in physics with students of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of YSU. I.A. Bunin in the study of the section of physics "MKT and thermodynamics".
Filimonova L.V.
Methodical instructions for practical classes in general and experimental physics. Part three. Electricity.
(for students of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics)
The purpose of these instructions is to assist students in mastering the program material in physics by solving typical problems in the section of general and experimental physics "Electricity". The guidelines provide material for 7 practical exercises, containing questions for theoretical preparation for the lesson, some comments on the theoretical material, detailed instructions for solving typical problems, tasks for independent solution. The topics of practical classes cover the relevant lecture material, revealing the laws and principles, concepts and terms of electrostatics and electrodynamics, highlighting the practical aspects and methods of applying the theory. The information presented in the instructions is sufficient for students to independently solve all the tasks given at the end of each lesson. The appendices contain a list of notations used, a list of basic formulas, necessary reference material, additional material on the mathematical theory of a vector field, etc. I.A. Bunin in the study of the section of physics "Electricity".
Filimonova L.V.
Methodical instructions for practical classes in general and experimental physics. Part four. Electromagnetism.
(for students of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics)
The purpose of this manual is to assist students in mastering the program material in physics through the solution of typical problems in the section "Electromagnetism". The manual provides material for 6 practical exercises, containing questions for theoretical preparation for the lesson, detailed instructions for solving typical problems, tasks for independent solution. The topics of practical classes are taken from the work program of the discipline "General and experimental physics" and cover theoretical material on the basics of magnetostatics, the Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic field and electromagnetic waves. For each practical lesson, detailed instructions are given for solving a wide range of problems, highlighting the basic laws, concepts and methods reflected in the lecture material. The material presented in each topic through methodological instructions is sufficient for students to independently solve all the tasks given at the end of each lesson. The appendices provide additional material on the subject, a list of used symbols and reference material. The teaching aid is recommended for use in practical classes in physics with students of the YSU Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. I.A. Bunin in the study of the section of physics "Electromagnetism".
Voblikov S.N.
Methodological guide for writing term papers on the theory of state and law
IN AND. Korotkikh, A.V. Usachov
History of philosophy
(Collection of teaching materials for students of Yerevan State University named after I.A. Bunin, studying in the specialty "Religious Studies" with an anthology, prologue and epilogue)
Goricheva V.L., Levashova O.V.
Teaching aid for writing term papers in the department of criminal law and process.
In this manual, the task is to provide methodological assistance to students who write term papers in the Department of Criminal Law and Procedure. The manual provides a detailed description of the process of preparing a term paper from topic selection to public defense. Particular attention is paid to the requirements for the volume, structure, content and design of the work, the stages and methods of its implementation. The manual is intended for students of the Faculty of Law full-time and part-time forms of study.
E.V. Isaeva
Methodological instructions for students of the hospital and the LEO of the Faculty of Philology on preparation for practical classes on the course "History of foreign literature of the XVII-XVIII centuries"
S.V. Vorobyov, E.G. Esina, N.S. Trubitsyn
Information systems in economics: DBMS Access
(shortened version)
This teaching aid is devoted to the problems associated with the automation of processing large amounts of information, namely, its organization in the Microsoft Access database management system. This application contains a wide range of tools for effective information management, including economic information. The study of DBMS Access is included in the content of the discipline "Information systems in economics" and, above all, is intended for students of the Faculty of Economics. The purpose of the work is to give students knowledge and practical skills in the field of applied informatics, to show methods for the automated solution of various economic problems. The manual contains five, rather voluminous, laboratory works, in which there is a necessary minimum of theoretical material, examples of solving problems with their detailed description are considered, tasks for independent implementation are offered. The publication will be useful not only for students and graduate students of the economic profile, but also for accountants, auditors, analysts and other categories of specialists involved in economic calculations.
V.E. Medvedev, S.V. Vorobyov
Workshop on Information Systems in Economics: Calculations in an Excel Spreadsheet
(shortened version)
This publication is intended to help readers learn how to effectively use the built-in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet tools in the process of solving economic problems. The manual is divided into topics, each of which contains the minimum amount of theoretical information necessary to solve the tasks, practical tasks with a detailed explanation of the technology for their solution, as well as tasks for independent implementation. The material is presented in an accessible form according to the principle from simple to complex. The workshop can be used in laboratory classes in the process of studying the discipline "Information systems in economics" and other similar disciplines. The manual will be useful for students, graduate students and teachers of economic specialties, practicing accountants and economists who wish to independently improve and consolidate their level of knowledge and skills in the field of economic information systems and technologies.
Artyukhova G.A., Vorobyov S.V.
Automation of trade operations and warehouse accounting
(shortened version)
This training manual outlines the basic principles of conducting automated warehouse accounting and trading operations of a company in the "1C: Enterprise" system, namely, in the "Trade and Warehouse" configuration. The theoretical material of the manual is accompanied by practical tasks, most of which have a detailed description of the solution. In addition, each topic offers tasks for independent solution. This manual is aimed at students of economic specialties, can be used within the framework of information disciplines, on special courses or electives in information technology. The manual will be useful to employees of economic divisions of trading companies, accountants, and programmers.
Workshop on solving the problem of accounting in the 1C: ENTERPRISE system
(shortened version)
The teaching aid is a comprehensive set of tasks in accounting, presented as a cross-cutting task for the main sections of accounting. The tasks are provided for a typical configuration 1C: Accounting included in the 1C: Enterprise version 7.7. This publication will be useful to students and graduate students of economic specialties, as well as practicing accountants and economists who wish to improve and consolidate their knowledge and skills in the field of economic information systems and technologies.
Vorobyov S.V.
Automation of enterprise management in the integrated system "Galaktika"
(shortened version)
The teaching aid contains a description of the basic principles of work in the domestic corporate information system "Galaktika". The technologies of organization of the enterprise management process are considered on the examples of such internal circuits as "Personnel Management", "Logistics", "Accounting". Each topic contains theoretical material, which is accompanied by practical tasks with a detailed description of the solution, and each topic offers tasks for independent solution. This manual is aimed at students of economic specialties, can be used within the disciplines of the information technology cycle, on special courses or electives in information technology. The manual will be useful for familiarizing employees of the economic divisions of industrial enterprises, accountants, and programmers.
M.V. Ilyashenko
Pedagogical practice program in institutions of the system of secondary vocational education for students of the distance learning department of the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology (preschool)
(for students of the distance learning department of the faculty of PIPD)
Bakaeva O.N., Gozhina O.L., Emelyanova I.D., Krakovskaya V.S., Krasova T.D., Ilyashenko M.V., Martynova L.N., Penkovskaya O.V., Pronina A .N., Faustova I.V., Fomenko L.K., Chuikova Zh.V.
Pedagogical practice of students of the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology (preschool)
The manual outlines the goals, objectives, content and methods of organizing all types of pedagogical practice for students in the specialty "Preschool Pedagogy and Psychology", with additional specialties "Speech Therapy", "Pedagogy and Psychology", "Foreign Language". Tasks for student interns are presented, allowing to identify and form the necessary professional skills in them. The requirements for the preparation of documentation for each type of practice are reported, the necessary samples are given. Criteria for evaluating a trainee student have been developed. The duties of practice leaders and student trainees are described.
The teaching aid can be used by students and teachers of the Faculty of Preschool Pedagogy and Psychology.
R.N. flights
HISTORY OF RUSSIA (from ancient times to the 18th century)
(a teaching aid for practical exercises and independent work for students of correspondence courses in the specialty "History")
The teaching aid publishes the materials necessary for students of correspondence courses in the specialty "History". They include practical exercises, historical terminology, tests, tasks on historical maps, etc.
Belkova N.A., Krasnova T.V., Tropin N.A.
Museum and archaeological practices
(practice programs and methodological recommendations)
These educational materials have been prepared by experienced teachers who have been leading the educational practices of students of the historical and philological faculties for a number of years. The publication is intended for students of these faculties.
YES. Lyapin
Serving land tenure of the Yelets district at the end of the 16th-17th centuries.
(special course program)
The educational and methodical manual includes the author's content of the special course (disciplines of specialization), test tasks, topics of abstracts, a list of questions for reporting, an extensive list of bibliography. For students of the Faculty of History majoring in History.

Schools and universities actively use textbooks and teaching aids. What are these and other sources of knowledge?

What is the nature of textbooks?

Under textbook It is customary to understand the main source of knowledge within the framework of a particular academic discipline or subject - at school, secondary specialized institution, university. In its structure, it complies with the rules and norms enshrined in industry and other regulatory sources.

The tutorial is intended for:

involving the student in the process of mastering knowledge through an interesting, systematized and comprehensive presentation of the material by the author;
providing the student with specific information necessary for better mastering the materials in the lesson;
formation of the student's ability to analyze facts, skills of memorization and systematization of the text.

Textbooks are classified into several main varieties:

workshops (publications that allow students to consolidate knowledge in one way or another in a practical way);
anthologies (publications in which information on the topic is presented very concisely, supplemented with various comments, illustrations);
dictionaries, reference books and encyclopedias (publications that allow the student to get acquainted with various facts on the topic under study, presented in a wide variety).

Textbooks, as a rule, contain a large number of pages - several hundred, sometimes published in series. Mastering the materials with the help of textbooks requires a very long time from students, in many cases - also explanations from the teacher on one or another wording given in the source.

Information in textbooks is mostly theoretical. The applied aspect of the topic is already considered in the classroom at the educational institution.

What is the nature of the tutorials?

Under study guide It is customary to understand a source of knowledge supplementing textbooks or lectures in any discipline or subject. It is structured in such a way that the student has the opportunity to get acquainted with the key facts on the topic in a short time.

That is, the tutorial is the source:

in which the information is presented sufficiently briefly and succinctly, often in abstracts;
which has a small size, for example - a few dozen pages;
which can be used for self-study of one or another part of the curriculum, since the wording given in the manual usually does not require additional explanations from the teacher.

Thus, the textbook is a source adapted for self-study of the topic by the student. But, as a rule, small and being only part of a larger program.

Teaching aids are classified:

on methodical;
for visual;
for abstracts;
to directories;
on illustrated sources (atlases, diagrams).

Each of these types of study guides allows the student to master the topic in a specific way. The methodological manual is most similar to a textbook in terms of the structure and method of presenting information. Visual and illustrated sources provide a useful visualization of various facts on the topic. Abstracts allow the student to master the maximum amount of basic facts on the topic under study, catalogs - to find new sources of knowledge in the area under study.

Comparison

The main difference between a textbook and a textbook is its purpose. The first source in most cases is an integral element of the educational process in the classroom or classroom. The second is intended mainly for self-learning of knowledge by students. Hence - the difference in the structure, the way of presenting information in textbooks and teaching aids, in the scale of the relevant sources, in the principles of their classification.

It turns out that textbooks and teaching aids cannot be considered as completely interchangeable sources. The first, of course, can be supplemented by the second, but it is extremely difficult to present the entire volume of facts reflected in the textbook and necessary for the student to master the topic. Moreover, the information obtained from the textbook, as we noted above, in most cases requires clarification by a qualified teacher. It is also problematic to present it in a relatively small manual.

From the point of view of preparing for an exam, a study guide is an excellent resource for systematizing knowledge, while using a textbook for the same purposes can take much more time and effort from a student. However, from the point of view of the amount of knowledge that can be obtained from the manual, it is extremely unlikely that it will replace the facts necessary for mastering the textbook, as well as lecture materials. Therefore, preparing for exams only on the basis of study guides is unproductive.

In turn, using only a textbook for similar purposes is also, as a rule, not enough. The fact is that it sets out, firstly, general knowledge, and secondly, facts that require additional explanation by the teacher.

Due to the impressive volume, the textbook can contain a large number of illustrations and other visualization elements of the material. While in the textbook, information is presented mainly in text only, sometimes in small tables, diagrams.

A textbook is often a much more fundamental work, requiring the author to have a large amount of knowledge and competencies. Often, publishing houses consider as potential authors of textbooks - in order to conclude contracts with them - only specialists with a scientific degree, professors. A textbook can be published, in principle, by any person who has the necessary knowledge - it is desirable, of course, that they be obtained at a university. In addition, the author must be ready to present them in a form that is convenient for students to master.

Having determined what is the difference between a textbook and a study guide, we will reflect the conclusions in a small table.

Table

Textbook	Tutorial
It is a source of general knowledge, which, as a rule, requires explanation by the teacher at a lecture or in a lesson	It is a source of knowledge more highly specialized, but presented in a smaller volume than in a textbook
As a rule, it is directly related to the educational process in an educational institution.	Can be used for self-study of the topic by the student
Has a large volume - several hundred pages	Has a smaller volume - often several dozen pages
Can be supplemented with more illustrations	Usually supplemented with small tables, diagrams
Textbooks are written by candidates and doctors of sciences, professors	Can be written by a person who, in principle, understands the topic, but preferably also has a higher education

Portal for the student. Self-training