Bulgarian Grammar for Russian Speakers

Publishing house "MGU", 2001
Kotova N., Yanakiev M.

"Bulgarian Grammar for Russian Speakers" is intended for undergraduate and graduate students studying the Bulgarian language, and for linguists who want to get information about the phonetic and morphemic structure of the Bulgarian language.
The book contains a description of the phonetics, morphematics and syntax of the Bulgarian language. The characterization of the phonetic features of Bulgarian speech is based on the study of the work of the muscles of the speech apparatus. The description of the grammatical system is based on a statistical study of the use of the most frequent morphemes of the Bulgarian language and their most frequent combinations. The section of morphosyntactics includes information on the construction of phrases of various types in Bulgarian texts in narration, description and dialogue.
The publication will be useful to everyone who uses the Russian language and wants to acquire the knowledge necessary for the theoretical and practical mastery of the Bulgarian language.

Format: PDF
Size: 65.52 MB

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Bulgarian Grammar for Russian Speakers [Kotova]
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Outline of Bulgarian grammar

Maslov Yu.S.
Publishing house of literature in foreign languages, 1956

"Outline of Bulgarian Grammar" is intended for students of the Slavic departments of Universities, for those students of the Russian departments of Universities who would like to study the Bulgarian language in depth, for graduate students and research workers - linguists who want to get acquainted with the grammatical structure of the Bulgarian language. The essay covers sections of phonetics and morphology (including word formation of parts of speech and syntactic use of grammatical forms). There is no sentence syntax here.

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Size: 1.68 MB

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Outline of Bulgarian grammar [Maslov]
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Berlitz Publishing Company, Inc., Moscow, "Living Language", 2005
Groshkov I.

The main objective of this manual is to teach spoken Bulgarian using the Berlitz method, developed over 120 years ago and which has become popular all over the world. The essence of the technique is the direct immersion of the student in colloquial speech. Lifelike dialogues full of humor will help beginners to learn grammar rules, learn the first phrases and expressions, and replenish vocabulary. The structure of the course allows you to develop and consolidate practical speech skills in a short time. 3 audio CDs or 3 audio cassettes are attached to the textbook.

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Maslov Yu.S.

Bulgarian grammar

Maslov Yu.S. Grammar of the Bulgarian language. - M.:Higher school, 1981. - 407 p.. Electronic book. Slavic languages. Bulgarian studies. Bulgarian language

Annotation (description)

Textbook Yuri Sergeevich Maslov " Bulgarian grammar " is a systematic course on the grammar of the modern literary Bulgarian language, including a concise outline of phonetics and writing, a detailed description of word formation and morphology, the syntax of simple and complex sentences. The presentation of the Bulgarian grammar is illustrated with examples from modern and classical fiction and everyday speech.
Intended for students of philological faculties of universities.

Many choose Bulgaria as a place to live precisely because the Bulgarian language is similar to Russian. Many people are generally firmly convinced that all Bulgarians without exception speak Russian, and there is no need to learn the language. Others believe that learning the language will be easy because Bulgarian has a lot in common with Russian.
There is some truth in this. The languages ​​are really similar. But they also have a lot of differences.

Unusual Slavic language

The Bulgarian language differs significantly from other languages ​​of the Slavic group. And its main difference is that Bulgarian has features that are uncharacteristic of Slavic languages, which bring it closer to analytical languages, such as English, for example.
Coat of arms of Sofia in the Sofia metro with the slogan "Growing, but not getting old" A little explanation. In synthetic languages ​​(which include Russian), the linking of words in a sentence is carried out by changing them (case endings, personal endings, etc.). In analytical languages, prepositions and function words are used for linking, and the order of words in a sentence is clearly regulated. And if the ancient Bulgarian language was completely synthetic (which, however, did not make it easier - just look at the Church Slavonic texts of Orthodox services to be convinced of this), but later it also acquired analytical features.
The Bulgarian language occupies an intermediate position: case endings are practically absent, prepositions are used instead. In addition, in the Bulgarian language there is a completely uncharacteristic Announcement in Sofia at the hot springs: “Bathing, washing and washing are prohibited” for Slavic languages, certain articles that are at the end of words. Unlike the same English, the Bulgarians are not content with one definite article, but change it depending on the gender and number. Yes, and cling to nouns, then to adjectives. For this reason, the study of Bulgarian grammar can cause certain difficulties, although the vocabulary of the Bulgarian and Russian languages ​​is, in principle, similar.
Unexpected prepositions, short and long forms of different words, possessive pronouns that sound the same as pronouns in the dative case, perfect and imperfect verbs (do not rejoice at the familiar term, it means something completely different), words jumping from place to place are far from all the surprises that await arrogant comrades who are convinced that Bulgarian is almost the same as Russian, only simpler.

Reading in Bulgarian

The Bulgarian language is similar to Russian in many ways. Signpost in Sveti Georgi park in Dobrich. Written Bulgarian is more or less understandable to anyone familiar with the Russian language. It is enough to know that "u" is read as "sht", and the hard sign is pronounced as a short "y" in order to read Bulgarian texts fluently enough. And even roughly understand them.
The only thing that gets in the way is a huge amount of some incomprehensible little words like “those”, “me”, “shche”, “gi”, “I”, “si”, etc. Most foreigners simply skip these words. And this is a big mistake, because short words carry a large semantic load. Let's say "sche" indicates the future tense, and "se" is a particle similar to the Russian -sya (to wash, walk), indicating that the action is directed at the one who performs it.
If such small words are ignored, then the meaning completely changes, and in some cases remains completely incomprehensible. For example, what does “Those te kanat” mean? Word insistently suggests "remove the repeated word", and completely in vain, because the first "te" means "they", and the second "te" means "you". “Kanyat” means “invite”. Do you still find Bulgarian easy and intuitive?
Signs "Don't drink! Dangerous for the stomach! traditionally cause Russian-speaking tears of tenderness. A very expressive tablet, the meaning is intuitive. Many Bulgarian words seem outdated and touchingly archaic. Some seem funny. A good half of the words sound familiar. Indeed, they look just like Russians. But the values ​​don't always match. The simplest example: “mountain” in Bulgarian is not a mountain at all, but even a forest. “Mountain Berry” is not some mysterious edelweiss fruit from the Alpine peaks, but a forest strawberry, or wild strawberry (because “berry” is just a strawberry, and don’t try to call raspberries or, say, blueberries that way).
And there are many such words. "Dinya" is not a melon, but a watermelon. "Bulka" is not a sweet pastry, but a bride. Mike is mom. “Severe Yadki” is not something darkly poisonous, but just raw (unroasted) nuts.

Oral speech

If the text is still more or less understandable, then the situation with oral speech is more complicated. Not only are the stresses placed in the most unexpected places, but the Bulgarians usually speak so quickly that by the time you recognize the first word, they will have time to pronounce a dozen more words. Understandable without translation If you ask to speak more slowly, they usually begin to speak ... louder, and sometimes more clearly. This, of course, somewhat facilitates understanding, but only slightly. So be prepared for the fact that at first you will not understand spoken Bulgarian at all - that is, not a single word (although if you managed to read it, most likely you could understand what it was about).
In general, practice, practice and only practice. Without her, nowhere. You can read a whole library in Bulgarian, but to learn to understand spoken language, you have to listen to this spoken language. Movies with subtitles, programs and just chatting with neighbors will help you.
A textbook with an audio course, for example, according to the Berlitz method, will also be useful. But, of course, it will not replace language practice.

*The article used materials from the wonderful book by A.A. Bykov "Amazing Linguistics".