What is inequality among ancient people. III

Lesson topic: The emergence of inequality and nobility.

The purpose of the lesson: Encourage students to understand the causes

inequality in primitive society.

Lesson objectives: 1. Ensure the assimilation of the concepts of "craft", "artisan", "neighboring community", "inequality", "know", "classes", "state".

2. Continue the formation of skills:

Give a complete answer to the question;

Compare, analyze various historical processes;

Identify at an elementary level the causes of historical events.

Basic concepts of the topic: plow, craft, artisan, neighborhood community, inequality, nobility, classes, state.

Educational equipment: ICT

Used tutorial:, Święcic Ancient World. Textbook for grade 5 educational institutions. Moscow: Enlightenment, 2009

During the classes.

I. Organizational moment.

II.Updating the basic knowledge of students on the topic: "The emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry."

1. Conversation on the questions:

· How was the collective of primitive people managed? (The most ancient people, in order to survive in difficult conditions, united in tribal communities. Ruled tribal communities elders. They made sure that all relatives did common work in the fields and equally divided the harvested grain. Several tribal communities living in the same area constituted tribe. Tribe ruled council of elders.

Name the main occupations of primitive people . (gathering and hunting)

How did agriculture and animal husbandry originate? (While gathering wild-growing barley and wheat, women noticed that the fallen grains soon sprout. Then a new spikelet grows out of this grain. Then primitive people began to specially plant grains of wild plants, loosening the ground with a wooden hoe. So more than 10 thousand years ago, from gathering appeared Agriculture Approximately at the same time as agriculture, cattle breeding appeared.

Men often brought home the cubs of animals killed in the hunt. These cubs were fed, tamed and left in their dwelling. The first pet was a dog, then - pigs, sheep, goats and cows).

What changes have occurred in people's lives as a result of the emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry? ( The emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry allowed a person to have permanent food: meat, milk, as well as warm animal skins, wool. With the emergence of these occupations, primitive people moved from an appropriating economy to a producing one.)

2. Insert missing words:

Agriculture and cattle breeding originated in Western ... (Asian)

more… (10 thousand) years ago

The first farmers plowed the land with wooden ... (hoe)

The spikes were cut... (with a sickle)

Grinding the grains into... (grain graters)

Trees were cut... (wooden axe)

They learned to make from clay ... (dishes)

Women have learned... (weave and spin)

III. Transition to the study of a new topic.

3. Solving a creative problem

In one of them, beads made of precious stones were preserved on the chest of the deceased, and the remains of a golden crown were on his forehead. Next to the body were copper axes and a dagger. Near the wall of the grave stood gold and silver vessels depicting a leopard, a lion, a horse, an antelope.

In another burial, only a copper ax was found.

What conclusions about people's lives can be drawn from these data? (There was inequality in the society)

W: You made the right decision. Now tell me, what will we talk about today in the lesson?

(About inequality)

U: Right. Today we are talking about inequality.

What do you think you should learn today? What questions to answer?

What is inequality?

How and why did it appear?

· What happened in society as a result of the emergence of inequality?

U: Right. These are the questions you should be answering today in class. Now try to formulate the topic of the lesson.

Students are told the topic of the lesson. They write it down in a notebook.

The emergence of inequality and nobility

IV. Exploring a new topic.

Plan.

1) Processing of metals and improvement of tools.

2) The emergence of inequality and the nobility.

3) The transition from a tribal community to a neighboring one.

1. Processing of metals and improvement of tools.

Teacher's story: Farming and animal husbandry gave man new food and clothing. Now much depended on the person himself: what kind of activity he would be engaged in, whether he would actively work. Gradually, in the primitive society, people began to appear who performed some specific work with high quality: they made pots, or were engaged in weaving, etc.

Working with textbook illustrations(p.24)

Think about how a potter should work so that the dishes he makes are of high quality? (Work hard, constantly improve your skills.)

Will he have time for other activities, such as farming, cattle breeding? (No, as this occupation will certainly take a lot of time and effort from a person, so he will not be able to engage in other activities.)

What will he eat if he has no time to hunt and farm? (He could exchange his goods for food and necessary things, clothes.)

What is the name of a person who is engaged in the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products? (Craftsman.)

What is this human occupation called? (Craft)

Notebook entry.

Artisan- a person who is professionally engaged in the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.

Craft- manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.

Teacher's story

One day while kneading the clay to make a pot, the potter noticed a very hard lump of clay. This piece did not soften at all. Putting it closer to the fire, the potter after a while was surprised to find that the piece had disappeared, and a small puddle remained in its place. Cooling down, she retained the same shape. This is how the first metal, copper, was discovered.

Slide mouse click

It happened in Western Asia about 9 thousand years ago. They learned to make tools from copper.

4. Working with illustrations of the textbook "Casting an ax" (p. 25)

How was the copper ax cast?

What was the significance of the development of copper for man? ( Copper tools and weapons were stronger than wooden ones. This means that they could work longer and cultivate the land better.)

5. Work with the text of the textbook. § 5 item 2

Task: find out how the plow appeared.

How did the plow come about?

What was the significance of the plow? (The invention of the plow made it easier for primitive man to work on the land. It became easier to cultivate the land, and crops increased. Now some people worked in the field, while others were engaged in crafts.)

Slide mouse click)

U .: Masters have learned to work with precious metals - silver, gold. Jewelry made from them was exchanged favorably. The higher the skill of the craftsman, the more products or necessary items he could get for his work. Farmers also tried to acquire new tools in order to cultivate more land and do it better, at lower cost.

Thus, some people began to live better. They got surplus.

W: What did it lead to? (Some people became rich, others remained poor)

Conclusion: inequality appears in society.

2. The emergence of inequality and nobility.

Notebook entry.

Inequality – division in society into rich and poor.

Later these groups of people were called classes.

Classes- large groups of people who stand out in society on the basis of property, that is, by the fact what they have.

As a result of the appearance of inequality, the form of cohabitation of people also changes.

3. The transition from a tribal community to a neighboring one.

Teacher's story.

From the tribal community, primitive people moved to the neighboring one. The tribes began to quarrel over the possession of more fertile lands. Each tribe sought to increase its territory at the expense of other tribes. The dominant role in the tribe is now played not by the elder, but by the leader. He gathers an army, develops a strategy, divides the booty. He takes the most valuable for himself, and distributes the rest as he sees fit.

Notebook entry.

Leader - head of the tribe, leader of the war effort of the tribe.

Notebook entry.

Know- wealthy and influential people of the state.

DW: The appearance of inequality is the first sign of the emergence of the state.

IV. Consolidation of the studied material

1. Consolidation of what was learned in the lesson according to the scheme “The Origin of the State”.

The scheme is recorded in a notebook.

Explanation for the diagram.

Man learned to work metal. Thanks to this, he mastered a new occupation - a craft. There was an improvement and the invention of new tools. Some people have excess. There is inequality in society. This process indicates the birth of the state.

Slide 16 (crossword), slide 17 (check)

2. Crossword solution.

Horizontally:

1. The first metal mastered by man. (Copper).

2. Large groups of people who stand out in society on the basis of property. (Classes).

3. Occupation of a person. (Craft).

4. Rich, powerful people . (Know).

5. The organization of society in which there are boundaries, power, laws and tax collection. (State).

Keyword (Vertical): appearance in society of rich and poor people. (Inequality)

V. Summary of the lesson.

What new did you learn at the lesson today? (With the development of metals, the tools of labor change, the tribal community is replaced by the neighboring one, inequality appears, that is, the appearance of rich and poor people. Inequality is a sign of the birth of the state).

2. Complete task No. 17 on p.16 in writing in the workbook.

3. Repeat §2 and §3.

LESSON #6

CHAPTER 2

Theme of the lesson: "The emergence of inequality and nobility"

Well:ancient world history

Grade: 5

The date of the: "____" _______________ 20___

Lesson Objectives:

Educational: Lead students to understand the causes of inequality between people.

Developing: Continue the formation of skills to retell the content of the text of the textbook, compare and describe tools, highlight at an elementary level the causes of historical events.

Nurturing: Ensure the assimilation of the concepts of "inequality", "neighborhood community", "know".

Lesson type: combined lesson

Equipment:

Educational board;

Textbook for grade 5 A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitsky "History of the Ancient World". - M., 2003

Workbook;

World map;

Atlases on the history of the Ancient World;

Presentation;

Handout (card No. 6 and No. 7 for checking d / s);

Crossword

Basic terms and concepts: hoe, plow, inequality, classes, state.

DURING THE CLASSES:

I. Organizational moment (1-2 minutes).

Greeting students.

II . Updating the basic knowledge of students on the topic: "The emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry" - 5 min.

1. Preparation of an oral answer on cards No. 6 and No. 7

CARD #6

Prepare a detailed answer to the question: “How did agriculture and cattle breeding appear?”

To do this, remember:

1. What property of plants did women pay attention to while gathering?

2. What were the first crops that people began to grow?

3. How did primitive people cultivate the land?

4. What tools did they use in cultivating the land?

5. How were the babies of the killed animals treated?

6. What animals did primitive people breed?

Make a conclusion.

Sample student response: The women noticed that the fallen grains were sprouting. They began to sow it. The first crops that man mastered were wild barley and wheat. The land was cultivated with a hoe (a wooden stick with a sharp knot). Coming from hunting, men sometimes brought the young of killed animals. They left them in their home. So the man got a dog. Later - sheep, goats, pigs, cows. The emergence of cattle breeding and agriculture gave man permanent food.

CARD #7

Prepare a detailed answer to the question: “What new occupations did the ancient people have?”

To do this, remember:

1. What did people make dishes from?

2. What was the fabric made of?

3. What was the significance of these new occupations for people?

Make a conclusion.

Sample student response: People learned to weave baskets from branches, began to coat them with clay. But when it rained, the clay got wet. Then they began to dry and fire clay containers. For strength, sawdust and crushed shells were added to the clay dough. Fabric made from flax and hemp fibers. Wool was spun. The appearance of these occupations gave man clothes and utensils.

2. Class work.

Fill in the missing words:

The first farmers plowed the land with wooden ______(hoe).

Ears cut __________(sickle).

Grind grains on ______________(grain grinders).

Trees cut down(wooden ax).

Agriculture and cattle breeding originated in Western ___________(Asia).

From clay learned to make ______________(dishes).

Women have learned to do __________(the cloth) and _________________ (spin).

3. Detailed response of students on cards No. 6 and No. 7

III . Transition to the study of a new topic.

So, agriculture and animal husbandry provided additional food for humans. Getting them to a greater extent now depended on himself. Therefore, a person improves his skills in these activities. Individual masters appear among people who do something better than others. They are calledartisans, what are they doing -craft. The emergence of artisans (professionals) will cause a change in the tools of human labor, and this will lead to the appearance of inequality among people.

Task for students: What is inequality?

IV . Exploring a new topic.

Plan:

1. Metal processing.

2. The invention of the plow.

3. The collapse of tribal communities.

4. The emergence of inequality and nobility.

1. Teacher's story.

A very long time ago, people noticed that some stones do not crack on impact. Once in the fire, they soften and harden into a new shape. Have you guessed what these stones are? (Copper nuggets. They could be smelted and made tools that were stronger than wood).

This is what the old man did. He learned to make a mold out of stone, pour it with molten copper, and make metal tools. This happened about nine thousand years ago in Western Asia. Thus began the development of metals by man.

Masters have learned to work with precious metals - gold and silver, to make jewelry from them.

Copper tools made life easier for people. However, copper ore is quite rare in nature, and not every house in antiquity had copper products.

2. Work with the textbook illustration (p. 25).

How was the copper ax cast?

What was the significance of the development of copper for man?(Tools and weapons made of copper were stronger than wood. This means that they could work the land better).

3. Independent work

Find out how the plow appeared.

What was the significance of the plow? (The crops got better, it became easier to cultivate the land. Now some people could work in the field, while others could do crafts. Therefore, they could exchange their products).

4. Solving a creative problem.

During archaeological excavations, archaeologists found two burials. In one of them, beads made of precious stones were preserved on the chest of the deceased, and the remains of a golden crown were on his forehead. Next to the body were copper axes and a dagger. Near the wall of the grave stood gold and silver vessels with images of a leopard, a lion, a horse, and an antelope. In the other - only a copper axe. What conclusions about people's lives can be drawn from these data? (appearance of rich and poor).

5. Working with new concepts. On the board and in the notebook.

Inequality - appearance of rich and poor people.

6. Teacher's story.

Why did inequality appear?

We found out that a person learned to process metal, invented a plow. Now each family could independently cultivate the land. The tribal community will break up into separate families. In relation to each other, relatives become neighbors. The tribal community is replaced by the neighboring community. But how to divide the land among relatives? Probably, that issue is decided by the elder, who sets aside the best plots of land for himself and his close relatives. This is how the rich and the poor appear, i.e. inequality.

Now the tribesmen are divided into more "strong", powerful and more "weak", dependent. In other words, there is a hierarchy. The tribal society becomes much more complexly organized. It needs special management tools - military force, bureaucracy. Thus, the state is born.

State - this is an organization of society in which there are boundaries, power, laws and tax collection.

IV . Consolidation of what was learned in the lesson.

The solution to the crossword "Know how to read."

1. A means of human transportation on water from ancient times to the present day.

2. A group of relatives who worked together and had common property.

3. One of the first occupations of man.

4. The first metal mastered by man.

5. The first tool for cultivating the land.

6. Farmer's tool 5-6 thousand years ago.

7. Pet.

8. Material for the cultivation of dishes on a potter's wheel.

9. The first tool of labor and weapon of the most ancient man.

10. Association of families living in the same area.

Answers: 1. Boat. 2. Genus. 3. Hunting. 4. Copper. 5. Hoe. 6. Plow. 7. Dog. 8. Clay.

9. Chopped. 10. Tribe.

V. Summary of the lesson.

- What new did we learn at the lesson today?(With the development of metals, the tools of labor change, the tribal community is replaced by the neighboring one, inequality appears. That is, the separation of rich and poor people).

Homework: 1. Read §5 p. 24-27 of Vigasin's textbook.

2. Prepare for a recap lesson.

3. Repeat new concepts from the entire section: history, historical source, human herd, tribal community, tools, inequality, religion, art.

General history. Grade 5 Teacher of history and social studies Shmal Natalya Vasilievna MBOU secondary school No. 44, Surgut

Lesson topic:

The purpose of the lesson: Encourage students to understand the causes

inequality in primitive society.

Lesson objectives: 1. Ensure the assimilation of the concepts of "craft", "artisan", "neighboring community", "inequality", "know", "classes", "state".

2. Continue the formation of skills:

give a complete answer to the question;

compare, analyze various historical processes;

identify at an elementary level the causes of historical events.

Basic Theme Concept: plow, craft, artisan, neighborhood community, inequality, nobility, classes, state.

Educational equipment: ICT

Used tutorial: Vigasin A.A., Goder G.I., Sventsitskaya I.S. Ancient world history. Textbook for grade 5 educational institutions. Moscow: Enlightenment, 2009

During the classes.

Organizing time.

Updating the basic knowledge of students on the topic: "The emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry."

Conversation on:

How was the collective of primitive people managed? (The most ancient people, in order to survive in difficult conditions, united intribal communities . Ruled tribal communitieselders . They made sure that all relatives did common work in the fields and equally divided the harvested grain. Several tribal communities living in the same area constitutedtribe . Tribe ruledcouncil of elders.

Name the main occupations of primitive people. (gathering and hunting)

How did agriculture and animal husbandry originate?(While gathering wild-growing barley and wheat, women noticed that the fallen grains soon sprout. Then a new spikelet grows out of this grain. Then primitive people began to specially plant grains of wild plants, loosening the ground with a wooden hoe. So more than 10 thousand years ago, from gathering appeared Agriculture Approximately at the same time as agriculture, cattle breeding appeared.

Men often brought home the cubs of animals killed in the hunt. These cubs were fed, tamed and left in their dwelling. The first pet was a dog, then - pigs, sheep, goats and cows).

What changes have occurred in people's lives as a result of the emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry? (The emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry allowed a person to have permanent food products: meat, milk, as well as warm animal skins, wool. With the emergence of these occupations, primitive people moved from an appropriating economy to a producing one.)

Insert missing words:

Agriculture and cattle breeding originated in Western ...(Asian)

more…(10 thousand) years ago

The first farmers plowed the land with wooden ...(hoe)

The spikes were cut...(with a sickle)

Grinding the grains into...(grain graters)

Trees were cut...(wooden axe)

They learned to make from clay ...(dishes)

Women have learned...(weave and spin)

III . Transition to the study of a new topic.

Creative problem solving

During archaeological excavations, two burials were found.

In another burial, only a copper ax was found.

What conclusions about people's lives can be drawn from these data?(There was inequality in the society)

W: You made the right decision. Now tell me, what will we talk about today in the lesson?

( About inequality)

U: Right. Today we are talking about inequality.

What do you think you should learn today? What questions to answer?

What is inequality?

How and why did it appear?

What happened in society as a result of the emergence of inequality?

U: Right. These are the questions you should be answering today in class. Now try to formulate the topic of the lesson.

Students are told the topic of the lesson. They write it down in a notebook.

The emergence of inequality and nobility

IV . Exploring a new topic.

Plan.

Processing of metals and improvement of tools.

The emergence of inequality and nobility.

Processing of metals and improvement of tools .

Teacher's story: Farming and animal husbandry gave man new food and clothing. Now much depended on the person himself: what kind of activity he would be engaged in, whether he would actively work. Gradually, people began to appear in the primitive society who did a certain job with high quality: they made pots, or were engaged in weaving, etc.

Working with textbook illustrations (p.24)

Think about how a potter should work so that the dishes he makes are of high quality?(Work hard, constantly improve your skills.)

Will he have time for other activities, such as farming, cattle breeding?(No, as this occupation will certainly take a lot of time and effort from a person, so he will not be able to engage in other activities.)

What will he eat if he has no time to hunt and farm?(He could exchange his goods for food and necessary things, clothes.)

What is the name of a person who is engaged in the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products?(Craftsman.)

What is this human occupation called?(Craft)

Notebook entry.

Artisan - a person who is professionally engaged in the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.

Craft - manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.

Teacher's story

It happened in Western Asia about 9 thousand years ago. They learned to make tools from copper.

4. Working with illustrations of the textbook "Casting an ax" (p. 25)

How was the copper ax cast?

What was the significance of the development of copper for man? (Copper tools and weapons were stronger than wooden ones, which means that they could work longer and cultivate the land better. )

5. Work with the text of the textbook. § 5 item 2

Task: find out how the plow appeared.

How did the plow come about?

What was the significance of the plow?(The invention of the plow made it easier for primitive man to work on the land. It became easier to cultivate the land, and crops increased. Now some people worked in the field, while others were engaged in crafts. )

Thus, some people began to live better. They gotsurplus.

W: What did it lead to?(Some people became rich, others remained poor)

Conclusion: inequality appears in society .

The emergence of inequality and nobility.

Notebook entry.

Inequality – division in society into rich and poor.

Later these groups of people were calledclasses.

Classes - large groups of people who stand out in society on the basis of property, that is, by the factwhat they have.

As a result of the appearance of inequality, the form of cohabitation of people also changes.

The transition from a tribal community to a neighboring one.

Teacher's story.

Notebook entry.

Leader - head of the tribe, leader of the war effort of the tribe.

Notebook entry.

Know - wealthy and influential people of the state.

DW: The appearance of inequality is the first sign of the emergence of the state.

IV . Consolidation of the studied material

Consolidation of what was learned in the lesson according to the scheme “The Origin of the State”.

The scheme is recorded in a notebook.

Explanation for the diagram.

Slide 16 (crossword), slide 17 (check)

Crossword solution.

Horizontally:

The first metal mastered by man.(Copper).

Large groups of people who stand out in society on the basis of property.(Classes).

Occupation of a person.(Craft).

Rich, powerful people. (Know).

An organization of society in which there are boundaries, power, laws, and tax collection.(State).

Keyword (Vertical): appearance in society of rich and poor people.(Inequality)

V . Summary of the lesson.

What new did you learn at the lesson today?(With the development of metals, the tools of labor change, the tribal community is replaced by the neighboring one, inequality appears, that is, the appearance of rich and poor people. Inequality is a sign of the birth of the state).

Homework

The first craft workshops appeared

about 150,000 years ago

They were located in settlements or on the territory where there was a lot of stone suitable for processing.

But complete singling out a craft as an independent activity happened, obviously, when they were invented

Loom

Potter's wheel

Mesopotamia

The potter's wheel and loom appeared in the 3rd millennium BC. e.

Egypt

Craft

Advantages of potter's wheel and loom

Shorter production time

Release more products

Product quality improvement

In the V-IV millennium BC. e.

people learned to melt metal.

It began to be used in the manufacture of tools.

This discovery appears to have happened by accident. Copper nuggets got into the pottery kiln. Under the influence of high temperature, the metal softened and easily changed shape upon impact.

Kiln

copper nugget

Copper products

Made from copper by forging

Axes

Tesla

Daggers

Spear tips

Tableware

Arrowheads

Copper is a fairly soft metal.

She could not find wide application.

The second metal that man learned to smelt was bronze.

Copper

Bronze

Tin

an alloy of copper and tin.

Development of metals

Advantages of bronze over copper

Great hardness

fusibility

Strength

Mesopotamia

The discovery of bronze took place in

III millennium BC. e.

Persian

Bronze metallurgy flourished

for the 2nd millennium BC. e.

Bronze was obtained in large bonfires.

During its manufacture, a layer of ore alternated with a layer of firewood.

bronze products

A wide variety of products were made from bronze:

sickles

Tips

Axes

swords

Coulters

Decorations

Buckles

Tableware

Bronze in hardness could not be compared with flint.

In the Bronze Age, stone tools retained their importance.

The Hittites were the first to learn how to smelt iron around 1800 BC. e.

Hittite kingdom

For a long time, iron was not widely used.

Its melting point is extremely high: 1530℃.

It was impossible to get such a temperature in ancient bonfires.

iron products

From iron learned to forge weapons

swords

Ploughshare

Axes

Arrowheads

Spear tips

Scissors

Coulters

Files

Skobeli

sickles

Iron mastering

With an iron ax, significant tracts of forests could be freed

Plows and plows made of iron made it possible to cultivate the land better

Displacement of stone by iron

Exchange

Livestock development

Craft Development

Development of agriculture

The need for the exchange of manufactured products

there is a need to exchange among themselves the products produced by them: animal skins, wool, meat, grain, utensils, cloth, tools, and so on.

How many axes must be given away to get a sack of grain in return?

First money

Livestock

rare shells

metal ingots

The exchange was the first step

to the emergence of trade

Partyarchy

The manufacture of metal tools and weapons, the development of cattle breeding and agriculture were associated with the activities of men.

The gradual loss of women's special position in the family and in society.

Exclusion of women from participation in community meetings.

The transformation of maternal tribal communities into patriarchal ones.

The emergence of inequality

Improvement of tools

Changing the position of an individual in society

More dexterous and stronger worked better and faster

The work of the best workers

was encouraged in the distribution of products

I am the best hunter!

So you deserve more!

The need for joint work by the whole community disappeared.

The farmers have a new order.

The community now consists of large families.

The land, as before, belonged to the entire community. A common pasture for grazing was preserved, and the forest was also common. Members of the community jointly cleared the field for sowing, dug ditches for its irrigation, guarded seedlings.

Pasture

Field