The world around is one of the most interesting and exciting lessons in elementary school. This is the world around us, these are animals and plants, this is space, the whole universe is in our palm. The child begins to understand the features of its functioning, learns how everything happens in this world. The world around in elementary school grades 1,2,3,4 is a preparation for the child's understanding of such subjects as biology, physics, chemistry, astronomy, physics. This is an essential knowledge base. To accumulate a good base, you need to read a lot, and parents need to study with their child. Teaching aids, which you can download and print for free from our website, will help in the classes.

• Report about the reindeer for children

  The reindeer lives in the Far North, in the tundra. He is not afraid of either severe frosts or deep snows. It has a thick, short coat, especially during the winter months. The hooves of the reindeer are wide enough to walk in the snow or swamp without falling through. Also, these hooves can move apart, like spread fingers, and become even wider. The edges of the experience are strong, sharp. With hooves, like shovels, the reindeer digs, rakes the snow to get to the delicious lichen, which is called "reindeer moss" or "moss moss".

• Report / message "Iron ore". How it appeared, how and where iron ore is mined

  I'll talk about iron ore. Pure iron is obtained from it. Almost all major iron ore deposits are found in rocks that were formed over a billion years ago. At that time, the earth was covered with oceans. The planet was rich in iron, and there was dissolved iron in the water. When the first organisms that create oxygen appeared in the water, it began to react with iron. The resulting substances settled in large quantities on the seabed, compressed, turned into ore.

• GDZ World around 4th grade notebook for practical work No. 1 Tikhomirov. Back Answers

  It is no secret that now all textbooks and workbooks on a printed basis are divided into those approved by the Ministry of Education and not approved. Lists of allowances are being created, according to which it is officially allowed to conduct lessons at school. And there are such textbooks and notebooks that are even better, but they were not included in the official list (apparently, they gave little money for the paw). So, the second ones are usually cheaper than the first ones, but at the same time, sometimes, they present the material much better and more logically. These notebooks include a notebook for practical work for grade 4 with a diary of observations for Pleshakov's textbooks. We will bring the GDZ answers to this notebook to your attention.

• GDZ World around 4th grade workbook part 1. Pleshakov, Kryuchkova. Answers to tasks, solution book

  Fourth grade, already the fourth, the very last grade of elementary school. This means that things will not be as easy as before. The tasks are quite complex, making you think, look for information. This is us about the lessons on the subject "The World Around" the authors of textbooks and notebooks Pleshakov, Kryuchkova, in the fourth grade. In the first part of the workbook, we will write reports about nature, about animals and plants, about everything in the world. But this does not mean that you will be very tired. We have already written interesting reports for you, it remains only to choose from ready-made GDZs in our guidebook on the world around us.

• Solving riddles is a very exciting activity. And not only fascinating, but also informative, forcing the child to think and reason. In autumn, of course, we cannot do without the corresponding riddles: about autumn as a season, about its gifts, autumn beauty.

• GDZ World around 3rd grade workbook part 1 Pleshakov

  We continue to study the world around us according to the workbook, the author of which is Pleshakov A.A. in this third academic year. As usual and usual, the tasks in the workbook follow the topics of the textbook, the teacher suggests doing them as homework. Since last year, Pleshakov has been teaching children to reason, look for data in additional sources of information, and fill in tables according to their observations. We have summarized all the material needed in the first half of the third grade on the subject of the world around us and collected it on this page, made the GDZ for you.

• GDZ World around 1 class workbook part 1 Pleshakov

  The world that surrounds us - the world around us - the child begins to learn in infancy. But more closely and in detail he gets acquainted with the world around him in the lessons in elementary school on the subject of the same name. If you study under the "School of Russia" program, then the author of your textbooks and workbooks on the world around you is Pleshakov. In the first grade, the assignments are quite simple, you need to write at least, mostly draw or paste something according to the assignment. But all the same, the GDZ for 7 gurus offers you answers for verification, let's say a homework guide.

• Shrubs, shrubs, shrubs

  Shrub - a low-growing tree-like plant that does not have a main trunk, they have several hard stems covered with bark. The branches of the shrub start almost from the very surface of the soil. Shrubs are perennial plants. In forests, shrubs usually occupy the undergrowth. Since much less sunlight reaches the undergrowth, the plants in it are shade-loving and are able to perform photosynthesis in limited light.

• GDZ World around 2nd grade workbook part 1 Pleshakov

  Ready-made homework assignments on the subject of the world around you will definitely come in handy, because often the assignments contain instructions to find information on the Internet. And where on the Internet are the most correct and detailed answers to questions about the world around you? Of course, we have 7 gurus! Catch the GDZ to the first part of the workbook for grade 2, the world around us, the author of the notebook Pleshakov, the Russian school program.

• Project "Cities of Russia". The world around 2 class

  Examples of projects on the topic "Cities of Russia" on the subject of the world around 2nd grade, the program "School of Russia", completed by students of the second grade.

• In the second part of the textbook on the subject of the world around us for grade 2, author Pleshakov, topics about health and safety, communication and travel are considered. These are the main directions that permeate both the textbook and the workbook under the "School of Russia" program. By tradition, each large chapter of the workbook ends with the topic "Check ourselves and evaluate our achievements", which is a test of knowledge of what has been learned. The topics for the second grade are not difficult, but still, to complete some of the tasks in the workbook, you would have to delve into the Internet or encyclopedias if there weren’t our GDZ for 7guru. We have already found all the answers to all the tasks for you. Our solution is tested and approved by primary school teachers, all answers are correct.

• Indoor plants not only decorate the room, they also benefit, plants saturate the air with oxygen. But in order for a houseplant to feel good, grow, and not dry out, it is necessary to take care of it. Each plant has its own care. Some love the shade, while others feel great in the sun. Some need to be watered frequently and abundantly, while others will wither from this. Therefore, you need to know the features of care and maintenance of plants at home. According to such features, we have compiled our own passport for each plant.

• Flax processing in Russia in the old days 🎥

  Linen simply helped out many peasants in Russia. Threads were spun from flax, from which everyday and festive clothes, tablecloths and other household items were woven. Linseed oil was obtained from flax seeds, and food was cooked on it. The secrets of growing flax, and then its collection, processing, the entire technological process of preparing flax for yarn, and then finished textile products - all this was passed down from generation to generation in every peasant family, in every house.

• GDZ World around 3rd grade workbook part 2. Pleshakov. Answers to tasks, solution book

  Ready-made homework assignments with the correct answers for the lesson The world around us, grade 3, to part 2 of the workbook. The author of the workbook Pleshakov A.A. Program School of Russia. The guide is approved by the teacher.

• GDZ World around 4th grade workbook part 2. Pleshakov, Kryuchkova. Answers to tasks, solution book

  Workbook on the subject of the world around for grade 4, authors Pleshakov A.A. and Kryuchkova E.A. according to the program School of Russia is akin to a notebook on the Perspective, one author says. But there are also significant differences, so the answers to this workbook are our own and we publish the GDZ for you to check.

• GDZ World around 4th grade notebook for practical work Part 2. To Pleshakov's textbook. Answers to tasks, solution book

  Ready-made homework assignments on the subject of the world around us for grade 4 will serve parents well and help them quickly check how their student coped with his homework, check answers. On this page GDZ to a notebook for practical work, part 2 of the workbook to the textbook author Pleshakov A.A. The author of the notebook is E.M. Tikhomirova. Program - School of Russia. In extreme cases, the solution can be viewed by children.

• The Russian Federation stretches from west to east and from north to south for many kilometers, so the zonality of the territory is clearly visible. The sun illuminates and heats different parts of the globe in different ways. Most heat falls on the equator of the earth, least of all on the North and South Poles. A certain amount of heat, light, moisture enters different zones of the globe. These conditions define separate zones with their own special climate. There are such natural zones: arctic deserts, tundra, forest-tundra, taiga, forests, forest-steppes, steppes, semi-deserts, deserts, subtropics.

• GDZ "World around 4th grade". Workbook part 2. Pleshakov, Novitskaya. Answers to tasks, solution book

  The second part of the workbook for the 4th grade on the subject "The World Around" by the authors Pleshakov, Novitskaya (Perspective program) is quite complicated, but the children are no longer small, able to understand both history and archeology.

• Atlas-determinant of stones and minerals for children "From earth to sky". The world around Pleshakov + video

  When we say "stones" we mean minerals and rocks. Minerals are natural substances, and rocks are natural compounds of minerals. Stones have been helping people since ancient times. From them they built a dwelling, tools, even weapons were made in the Stone Age. Some rocks are used as fuel, semi-precious and precious stones have been made and are still making jewelry.

• Report "Museum of Maltsev"

  In the Kurgan region, in the village of Maltsevo, Shadrinsk district, there is a house-museum named after Maltsev. The world-famous Russian agronomist Terenty Semenovich Maltsev lived and worked in it. The museum is a large house with a veranda. It used to be a kindergarten, but after the war the house was given to Terenty Semenovich and his family. A long staircase leads to the attic with an observation deck at the top, from which Maltsev could clearly see the fields around the village where he worked.

• The division of animals into groups: types, classes, orders, genera and species

  The animal world is large and diverse. Animals are animals, but adults decided to divide them all into groups according to some characteristics. The science of classifying animals is called systematics or taxonomy. This science determines the relationship between organisms. The degree of relationship is not always determined by external similarity. For example, marsupial mice are very similar to ordinary mice, and tupai are very similar to squirrels. However, these animals belong to different orders. But armadillos, anteaters and sloths, completely different from each other, are united in one squad. The fact is that family ties between animals are determined by their origin. By studying the structure of the skeleton and the dental system of animals, scientists determine which animals are closest to each other, and paleontological finds of ancient extinct animal species help to establish more accurately the relationship between their descendants.

• Write down on a separate sheet a fairy tale about animals, plants or a folk legend about the origin of the name of a natural object - this is one of the creative tasks in the subject "The World Around" Grade 4 according to Pleshakov's textbook. And if everything is clear with the first part of the task, namely, you can write any fairy tale with the participation of plants and animals, then problems may arise with the second. Namely, the teacher will appreciate folk legends about the origin of the name of a natural object higher than a fairy tale about a turnip or tops and roots rewritten from a book. Any region is rich in gifts, let's get acquainted with some of them.

• GDZ "World around 4th grade". Workbook 1 part. Pleshakov, Novitskaya. Answers to tasks, solution book

  By tradition, we continue to publish a series of high-quality finished homework assignments under the Perspektiva program. This time in the field of view there will be a solution book on the subject of the world around us for grade 4. The authors of the textbook and workbook are Pleshakov and Novitskaya. The world around is the lesson where there is a place for creativity, where a child needs to find a lot of material himself in books and other additional sources, and this, as a rule, takes a lot of time, and it takes a whole day to prepare for the lesson. That is why we have prepared homework for you. Now it will be much easier to do the lessons, because all the answers are collected on one page and you don’t have to go through a bunch of sites to find the right answers to the tasks. Our GDZs are tested and approved by the elementary school teacher.

• Comprehensive final test work 1, 2, 3, 4 class GEF

  Our administration is very fond of giving children administrative comprehensive test papers every school year. In principle, the choice is correct. Complex work tests knowledge in all subjects at once, the ability to analyze, think and draw conclusions. It is evaluated in points - it is easy to trace the statistics throughout the region. It is a pity that in the middle of the year there are no complex works, and some children get lost when they see such tasks, which affects the results not for the better. Here are examples of such complex works.

• Final tests and annual tests around the world Grade 1 Perspective (Pleshakov, Novitskaya)

  The test and the control correspond to the data of the textbooks on the subject of the world around the UMC "Perspektiva" by the authors A.A. Pleshakov, M.Yu. Novitskaya. The test contains 31 tasks. It is necessary to mark the correct answer (underline or circle the letter). There are 13 tasks in the control.

• The art of the people and their creativity invariably reflect their originality and spiritual wealth. One of such well-known Russian folk crafts is Gzhel. The unsurpassed art of filigree painting on clay products and the peculiarities of the drawing make it possible to call Gzhel the property of Russia with full confidence. This folk craft with a long history is still very popular. Gzhel not only pleases the eye with a unique and intricate ornament, but also plunges into a mysterious and intriguing fairy-tale world.

• Presentation for children "Medicinal plants". Burdock, lungwort

  Long ago, people noticed that all animals are treated with herbs. Different plants help with different diseases. For many years in a row, people passed on to their descendants the knowledge of medicinal plants. They made thick books: "Herbalists", "Flower Gardens", "Zelniki". Over the years, folk healers have accumulated a lot of knowledge about the beneficial properties of plants. In modern pharmacies, you can see a variety of herbs, tinctures, tablets and herbal potions. From herbs scientists have received many modern medicines. But medicinal plants still help people from diseases to this day.

• GDZ "World around 3rd class". Workbook part 2. Pleshakov, Novitskaya. Answers to tasks, solution book

  Ready-made homework with answers to the second part of the workbook on the subject of the World around, Grade 3. The authors of the notebook are Pleshakov, Novitskaya. Perspective program. The solution will be useful to every third-grade student who studies according to Pleshakov and Novitskaya, because in the workbook there are not only tasks for knowledge and logic, but often you just need to find this or that information, answers to tasks in the literature or the Internet, and you can easily find all this is with us, on the 7guru website. The answers have been checked and approved by the elementary school teacher. With us you will do all your homework easily, simply and on one five.

• GDZ "World around 3rd class". Workbook 1 part. Pleshakov, Novitskaya. Answers to tasks, solution book

  Answers to tasks in the workbook on the subject of the world around for grade 3, part 1 of the workbook, authors Pleshakov and Novitskaya, program Perspective. The guide will help you with your homework. The workbook is organized in the same style as for the previous grades 1 and 2 (the answers to them are also on our website), but the tasks, which is logical, are more complex, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to find answers to them. Our ready-made homework assignments will help you navigate the world around you and do your homework easily and for 5 plus!

• Dymkovo toy - the history of craft for children, how to sculpt, how to paint

  Dymkovo toy is one of the oldest Russian folk clay crafts. It first appeared 400 years ago and still has not lost its relevance. During this time, the appearance of the Dymkovo toy changed, but the peculiarity of its manufacture, which makes it unique, remained the same. Our story about the Dymkovo toy is intended primarily for children, younger schoolchildren, but it will also be interesting for adults who are interested in reading.

• Ancient traditional dwellings of different peoples

  A home for every person is not just a place of solitude and relaxation, but a real fortress that protects from bad weather, makes you feel comfortable and confident. Any hardships and long journeys are always easier to endure when you know that there is a place in the world where you can hide and where you are expected and loved. People have always strived to make their home as strong and comfortable as possible, even in those times when it was extremely difficult to achieve this. Now the ancient traditional dwellings of this or that people seem dilapidated and unreliable, but at one time they faithfully served their owners, protecting their peace and leisure.

• Workbook "The world around" for the second grade, part two, TMC "Perspective", the authors of the notebook - A.A. Pleshakov, M.Yu. Novitskaya. If the first part was entirely devoted to autumn, it is logical that the second should cover winter, spring and summer. Yes, there are many pages about winter and spring, but the topics exactly repeat 1 part of the workbook. It is a little unclear why 3 times per academic year to teach the constellations of the starry sky or the same birds, but the authors of the textbook ordered that. There are only a couple of pages about summer, although, you see, this time of the year is almost one of the most wonderful and remarkable. Our solution contains all the answers to the tasks for the second part of the workbook on the world around us for grade 2 in Perspective. All answers are checked by the primary school teacher. For many tasks you can find an extended answer or presentation on the pages of our website.

• GDZ "World around 1 class". Churakova, Kudrova. Verification work. Answers, solver 📚

  It is strange, but for some reason in the "Promising Elementary School" teaching materials, notebooks for independent work on the subject "The World Around" are developed by one author, and a notebook for test papers is completely different. Let's hope they at least read each other's notebooks. The surrounding world test work in a test form for the 1st grade of elementary school, the authors R.G. Churakova and L.G. Kudrova, as already mentioned, refer to the program of a promising elementary school. The tests are quite simple if you learn everything as the learning process suggests, but there are tasks where you need to not only think, but also know for sure, and in order to find out, you need to look for information in an encyclopedia or the Internet. So that you do not have to search for a long time, we have prepared ready-made homework assignments for these tests.

• GDZ "World around 1 class". Fedotov, Trafimova, Trafimov. Notebook for independent work. Answers to tasks, solution book 📚

  Workbook, or more precisely, a notebook for independent work on the subject of the World around for the first grade, authors O.N. Fedotova, G.V. Trafimova, S.A. Trafimov, 2015 edition (2nd edition). This notebook is part of the Promising Elementary School program. The manual contains illustrated material for the work of a first grader at school and at home. The tasks are quite simple, but still some students and their parents have problems with answers. Not all the material is given in the textbook, and the first grader will need the ability to look for solutions to the tasks in the reader, encyclopedias or the Internet. In this solution book, we will try not only to lay out the gdz, but also to give detailed answers to tasks where necessary.

• These tasks are found in Pleshakov's textbooks on the world around him for grade 2, and in the first and second parts of the Perspective and School of Russia programs. The tasks are quite difficult, but we will help you find the answers on this page. Tasks perfectly develop the child's ideas about the world around them, allow you to look for logical connections between the names of the months and natural phenomena or the work of people in spring, winter, summer and autumn. Naturally, when performing this task, one cannot do without additional literature or an Internet source. Tell the child the old names of the months, but do not immediately explain why people called it that way, let him think and find the answer.

• Since ancient times, the Russian people have been famous not only for their unique and extremely interesting culture, but also for exciting games for both children and adults. However, time, warriors and the influence of European neighbors gradually overshadowed the old Russian games. Now they are beginning to revive and never cease to amaze with their liveliness, original ideas and tasks filled with noisy fun. Having learned the simple rules of Russian folk games, you can immerse yourself not only in the exciting world of childhood, but also understand how our ancestors lived and rested.

• GDZ "World around 1 class". Workbook second part. Pleshakov, Novitskaya. Answers to tasks, solution book

  The second part of Pleshakov's workbook on the world around him for the first grade, the Perspective program is a continuation of the first part. The notebook harmoniously complements the first. Assignments are no less complex, but no less simple, and there are also such as everywhere by Pleshakov, where you need to use his books "Green Pages" and "Giant in the Glade". Thanks to our answers to the assignments for this workbook, the process of learning and preparing homework will take place with the least loss of time, because the world around us is one of those primary school subjects where the main thing is not the ability to think logically, but the ability to search for material. Congratulations, you have found it :)

• The Amur tiger is the largest tiger on the planet. It lives in the Far East of Russia, along the banks of the Amur and Ussuri, and in China. The Amur tiger is larger than its southern relatives. The weight of an adult animal can reach 300 kg. His coat is thicker and lighter. The striped pattern on a tiger's skin is as unique as human fingerprints: you won't find two tigers with the same pattern. This is the only tiger species that can survive a snowy winter. In winter, the skin of tigers brightens, becomes thick and fluffy. The tiger is not afraid of big snows - wide paws help him to walk on them.

• The fox is a carnivorous mammal and belongs to the canine family. Depending on the species, the size of this animal is up to 90 cm in length, and the weight can reach 10 kg. Foxes live throughout Europe, Asia, North America and North Africa. The fox is distinguished by an elongated graceful body, short legs, an elongated muzzle, pointed ears and a fluffy tail. Large and elongated ears help foxes pick up sounds, and a long tail helps to maintain balance while running and protects from the cold.

• Atlas guide to animals "From earth to sky" for textbooks Pleshakov. Insects, spiders, birds, fish, animals.

  In the atlas to Pleshakov's textbooks, almost the entire animal world is considered, from small insects to large mammals. The child will learn to identify animals from pictures, remember their names, learn to divide animals into groups, that is, classify them. The atlas will be an excellent assistant in preparing lessons on the subject of the world around us in grades 1-2 of elementary school, especially under the program Perspective and School of Russia, which are built on Pleshakov's textbooks and in them he often refers to the search for material in the atlas-determinant "From the earth to sky".

• The solar system is a group of planets revolving in certain orbits around the brightest star - the Sun. This luminary is the main source of heat and light in the solar system. It is believed that our system of planets was formed as a result of the explosion of one or more stars and this happened about 4.5 billion years ago. In the beginning, the solar system was a collection of gas and dust particles, however, over time and under the influence of its own mass, the Sun and other planets arose.

• All life on Earth is usually attributed either to the plant or to the animal world, however, there are special organisms - mushrooms, which for a long time scientists found it difficult to attribute to a certain class. Mushrooms are unique in their structure, mode of life and diversity. They are represented by a huge number of varieties and differ in the mechanism of their existence even among themselves. Mushrooms were first classified as plants, then as animals, and only recently it was decided to classify them as their own special class.

• Atlas-determinant of mushrooms and lichens "From earth to sky"

  Pleshakov, the author of textbooks and workbooks on the subject of the world around the programs Perspective and School of Russia, constantly gives assignments to look at the information in the atlas "From Earth to Sky". But what if you don't have an atlas? The way out is easy! View this information in our atlas. The topic of mushrooms and lichens is studied already in the 2nd grade of elementary school. The identification atlas is made up of the most common mushrooms growing in Russia, it is perfect for identifying mushrooms in the forest (outside of school), it is easy to find out from it whether a mushroom is edible or inedible in front of you.

• The topic "Grass at our house" is studied in the 2nd grade of elementary school under the program Perspective and the school of Russia, textbooks Pleshakov's world around. There are many plants around, but even an adult cannot immediately name them all. This is motherwort, and bluegrass, and bird's buckwheat, they grow in almost every yard. Some of them are even useful and have been used in medicine for a long time. Read more about these plants? And if the teacher asked a report or presentation, and we will tell him about what we learned on this page.

• The child is introduced to the professions in kindergarten, and in the primary grades of the school this knowledge is expanded and consolidated. Of course, it is impossible to cover all the professions that exist in the world, but the child should know about the main ones - this is a doctor, teacher, pilot, cook, carpenter, engineer and others. But, which is not surprising in our age of computer technology, now many children want to become programmers in order to make games. Well, a good profession, but you need to realize what qualities will be required for success in this field. Discuss all these points and encourages the task of the teacher on the subject of the world around him to write a report or presentation about the future profession that the child has chosen for himself.

• Presentation about Moscow

  This city is famous not only in Russia, but all over the world, since Moscow is the capital of our vast country. For some, this is their hometown, someone knows about it only by hearsay, but the fact remains, you need to know about your capital. Therefore, this topic is included in the lesson on the subject of the world around us already in the 1st grade. The teacher can ask a report or presentation on the topic Moscow - the capital of Russia. In order not to bother parents searching for information in different sources, we offer a ready-made report.

• When the days become shorter, and the sun no longer generously shares its warmth with the earth, one of the most beautiful seasons of the year comes - autumn. She, like a mysterious sorceress, changes the world around and fills it with rich and unusual colors. Most notably, these miracles occur with plants and shrubs. They are among the first to respond to weather changes and the onset of autumn. They have three whole months ahead of them to prepare for winter and part with their main decorations - leaves. However, at first, the trees will certainly please everyone around with their play of colors and the frenzy of colors, and the fallen leaves will carefully cover the earth with their veil and protect its smallest inhabitants from severe frosts.

• Atlas-determinant of plants for children "From earth to sky" to the textbook Pleshakov's world around

  This atlas-identifier of plants is almost unique. Firstly, it is for children, and secondly, it contains only the most famous and popular plants that a child encounters in life. The question invariably arises, what is the name of this grass or this flower, and, often, parents cannot answer the child's question. Now the student can find the answer himself. The plants in the atlas are conveniently located by growth, and if the plant of interest grows in our home, most likely it should be looked for in the "house plants" section and so on. The atlas-key is also required for the preparation of homework on the outside world for grades 1-2 for students under the programs Perspective and School of Russia, where Pleshakov's textbooks are used.

• When the frosty and snowy winter ceases to envelop the chilled earth with a fluffy blanket, and the first thawed paths appear on the winding forest paths, the beautiful spring gradually begins to come into its own. Nature meets with admiration the beginning of her reign and joyfully greets her with the ringing chime of drops and the chirping of birds. Soon the world around will come to life, get rid of the ice that binds it and sparkle with bright colors. Already, the first snowdrops confidently break through the frozen ground and eagerly raise their gently blue heads to the warm sun, the awakened buds swell, as if with joy, and are preparing to become emerald leaves, and animals change their fur to less warm. Ahead of nature are waiting for the three most exciting months: March, April, May.

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What is the environment? It would seem a simple question that even a child in first grade can answer. However, it is worth digging a little deeper - and it turns out that in reality everything is much more complicated. And the older and more educated a person is, the more difficult his version of the answer is.

The reason for this is the great intellectual leap that humanity has made on the path of its evolution. Many religious movements, philosophical schools and scientific theories have given us the opportunity to change the interpretation of the answer to this question at our own discretion. Therefore, let's try to find out for ourselves what the world around us really is.

Truth in simplicity

To begin with, let's consider this issue, based on the logic of an ordinary person, without delving into the subtle matters of the universe. So, the world around us is the space that surrounds us. And it is at this moment that the first controversial statements appear.

If you look, it is quite difficult to outline the boundaries that separate one space from another. After all, there are no specific standards that can streamline all this knowledge in the minds of billions of people. In this regard, if we ask the usual question about what the world around us is, we will get different answers.

For example, for some it may be the space that surrounds them directly. For others, everything is much more complicated, and by this concept they mean our entire planet or even the Universe.

World around: wildlife

However, despite all the variety of answers, there are those that can be distinguished into a separate group. This is due to the fact that, despite minor differences, they still have some similarities leading to a common idea.

In particular, many believe that the world around us is all life around us. The same forests, fields, rivers and deserts. Animals and plants are also included here, as they are an integral part of this world.

What is the surrounding world through the eyes of philosophers?

Philosophers and theologians consider this question more deeply. After all, for them our world is part of a more complex reality. For clarity, consider the main features of their views on the current order of things.

According to religion, our reality is a place where people live only part of the path prepared for them. That is, the world around us is just a screen that hides from the eyes a more beautiful place - paradise.

As for philosophers, they formulate the answer to this question more vaguely. Depending on the school, a thinker can define the concept of the surrounding world in different ways. For some, this is a material place, for others it is spiritual, and for others it is a combination of the two previous ones.

(for a four-year primary school)

A.A. Vakhrushev, D.D. Danilov, A.S. Rautian, S.V. Tyrin

I. Explanatory note

The most important tasks of education in primary school ( formation of subject and universal methods of action providing the opportunity to continue education in the basic school; education to learn- the ability to self-organize in order to solve educational problems; individual progress in the main areas of personal development - emotional, cognitive, self-regulation) are implemented in the process of teaching all subjects. However, each of them has its own specifics.

Reading, the Russian language and mathematics create the foundation for the development of all other subjects, at least by teaching children to read, write and count. The core of rational comprehension of the world has always been the system of sciences, the study of which forms the basis of school programs in primary and high schools, both in terms of the number of subjects and the number of hours. The subject "The World around" on the basis of the skills acquired in the lessons of reading, the Russian language and mathematics, teaches children to a holistic integral rational (intelligible) comprehension of the world around them, prepares them to master the basics of knowledge in the main school, and in relation to the development of the personality, its upbringing plays no less, if not more, role than other subjects.

The subject "The world around us" is the basis of natural and social sciences. The purpose of the course of the surrounding world in elementary school is to comprehend personal experience and teach children to rationally comprehend the world.

Unsystematized fragmentary knowledge can be used only for the purpose for which it is intended. In today's rapidly changing world, a person faces many unexpected, new tasks for which it is impossible to prepare in advance. May be useful in unexpected situations. holistic knowledge system, and even more so - the formed ability to constantly systematize the acquired information and discover new connections and relationships. Science is an exemplary example of a knowledge system built on a rational basis.

Acquaintance with the principles of science gives the student the key (method) to comprehend personal experience, allowing you to make the phenomena of the world around you understandable, familiar and predictable. The subject "The World around" creates the foundation for a significant part of the subjects of the basic school: physics, chemistry, biology, geography, social science, history. This is the first and only subject in the school that draws a wide palette of natural and social phenomena. In the future, this material will be studied on various subjects. Therefore, it is within the framework of this subject that it is possible to solve problems, for example, environmental education and upbringing.

The specificity of the understanding of experience by a modern child lies in the fact that his experience is unusually wide, but largely virtual, that is, received not through direct communication with the outside world, but indirectly, through the media and, above all, television. The role of virtual experience will only increase in the future due to the widespread use of computers and the Internet.

Television is not focused on systematic children's education, although it is becoming the main "window" to the outside world. Therefore, not being able to resist the negative influences of virtual experience, the school should, if possible, use it for educational purposes and organize the development of the virtual world by schoolchildren. Therefore, the role of the subject "The world around us" is very large and there is a need to expand its content, since this subject should provide answers to various requests from children's experience, including virtual.

Comprehension of personal experience is also important because it introduces a value scale into the world of the student, without which it is impossible to form any goals. The subject "World around" also helps the student in the formation of personal perception, emotional, evaluative attitude to this world.

II. General characteristics of the subject

Acquaintance with a holistic picture of the world and the formation of an evaluative, emotional attitude to the world are the most important lines in the development of the student's personality by means of the course of the surrounding world. Modern schoolchildren differ from their peers fifteen or twenty years ago in curiosity and greater awareness. Unfortunately, this knowledge of children, as a rule, is not systematized and fragmented. The reason is that our circle of communication includes more and more objects and phenomena with which we communicate indirectly. If in the past a small person of 5–9 years old knew well only those objects and phenomena that directly surrounded him in the family, in the yard, at school, now the situation has changed radically. Thanks to television, movies, computers and books, children can know much more about various phenomena and facts far from their homes than about the surrounding objects.

As a result, different students have different knowledge and have different questions about the world around them. The teacher faces a difficult task to build a lesson in such a way that, on the one hand, to answer to all the questions of the children and to satisfy the curiosity of students, and on the other hand, to ensure the assimilation of the necessary knowledge.

How should one teach in order to achieve both goals. It turns out that there is only one way to do this. means upbringing and education of a primary school student is an acquaintance with a holistic elementary scientific picture of the world. The meaning of communicating the picture of the world is to make a person a conscious participant in life with a minimum of communicated knowledge. It is very important from the very first steps of the child at school to teach him a holistic view of the world. Then the answer to any question that arises in a schoolchild can be easily found, since children from the very first steps of studying the world around them are taught to look for the place of each natural phenomenon and human economy in it.

Setting ourselves the goal of building a course in which each student can find answers to questions that arise, we cannot but be aware that the volume of textbooks is limited. What should be the way out of this situation?

A textbook that includes only such specially selected questions that can be presented to younger students without popularization is not suitable for solving the task at hand. After all, with this approach, most of the questions that arise in the guys cannot be answered. As a result, the children will not develop a holistic view of the world around them. This, in turn, will not allow them to easily perceive new information, since it is difficult to associate it with a small number of established ideas and concepts. This means that most of the ideas that develop in them will be the result of children's myth-making. These ideas, received by children in childhood, can stay with them for the rest of their lives.

A different situation will develop when using the course, which includes the integrated course of the surrounding world offered to your attention within the framework of the School 2100 Educational System. Schoolchildren are introduced to broad ideas about the world, which form a system that covers the entire world around them.. At the same time, the most important concepts studied in detail (“islands of knowledge”) explain only a small part of the surrounding world, but the zones of proximal development formed around them allow answering most of the questions that the children have. The presentation of a relatively complete picture of the world will make it possible to give a creative research character to the process of studying the subject, forcing students to ask more and more new questions that clarify and help comprehend their experience.

How to form a complete picture of the world in a child? It is pointless to start trying to tell him things unfamiliar to him. He may be interested, but he will not be able to combine this new knowledge with his experience (knowledge will remain "islands without bridges"). The only way is to help children make sense of their experience daily and hourly. A person must learn to understand the world around him and understand the value and meaning of his actions and the actions of those around him. And even though a person will not always act in accordance with his knowledge, we must give him the opportunity to live intelligently and meaningfully. By regularly explaining your experience, a person learns to understand the world around him. At the same time, he constantly begins to have questions (generated by "islands of ignorance") that require clarification. All this contributes to the formation of a habit (skill) explaining and reflecting on one's experience. In this case, he can learn to do any new business, mastering it on his own.

At the same time, it is fundamentally important not to dwell on a cold rational analysis of the surrounding world. A person is inseparable from those experiences (emotions, feelings, assessments) that he experiences in relation to everything that happens around him. Thus, another of our goals is to help the student in the formation of personal perception, emotional, evaluative attitude to this world. It is within the framework of this line of development that the tasks of humanistic, environmental, civic and patriotic education are solved. It is the student’s independent determination of his position that will ultimately help him find the answer to the question: “How should we build our life?” in the relations "man - nature", "man - society". In the opinion of the authors, the only strategy for human survival in relations with nature is the transition to an ecological economy, which will not destroy natural ecosystems, but will integrate into them. In relationships between people, the main priority is the formation of civil self-awareness of a tolerant person - a person who is able to independently determine his position, be interested and tolerant of the positions and interests of other people. When these goals are achieved, we can hope that our student will be able to use the picture of the world.

The activity approach is the main way of obtaining knowledge. The inclusion of a holistic picture of the world, accompanied by a clear expansion of content, requires significant changes in the didactics of natural science in elementary school.

Traditionally, learning is based on the acquisition of knowledge. Therefore, the main goal of education is “to put knowledge into the minds of children”. In this case, the proposed content of the natural science course in elementary school is too voluminous. Of course, the entire, even elementary, picture of the world cannot be learned in elementary school, since this is the task of the entire elementary school. But we do not set ourselves such a goal. We want to introduce children to the picture of the world and teach them how to use it to comprehend the world and streamline their experience. Therefore, the learning process, in our deep conviction, should be reduced to developing the skill of interpreting one's own experience. This is achieved by the fact that the children in the learning process learn to use the acquired knowledge while performing specific tasks that imitate life situations. Solving problematic creative productive tasks is the main way to comprehend the world. At the same time, a variety of knowledge that schoolchildren can remember and understand is not the only goal of learning, but is only one of its results. After all, sooner or later this knowledge will be studied in high school. But the guys will not be able to get acquainted with a holistic (taking into account age) picture of the world later, since they will study the world separately in classes in different subjects.

In this case, we use the traditional for textbooks "School 2100" minimax principle. According to this principle, textbooks contain redundant knowledge that children can learn and redundant tasks that students can complete. At the same time, the most important concepts and connections that are included in the minimum content (standard) and make up a relatively small part of the course should be learned by all students. Thus, textbooks differ significantly in the amount of material that students can and should learn.

Within the framework of the historical and social science course, it turns out to be the most difficult to implement the activity approach, since this approach is largely contrary to the tradition of teaching history at school. Often, controversial issues from the point of view of science were either avoided or unambiguously interpreted. Attempts to pose these questions as problems inevitably ran into the fact that the students lacked the knowledge of the school course to solve them. As a result, the study of history was reduced to a description of events and phenomena, supplemented by an indication of a rigid causal relationship, which assumed during the discussion only an unambiguous solution to the issue (in accordance with the version prevailing at that time in science). All these circumstances make it extremely difficult to develop the ability to use historical experience in modern life. But this is exactly what the implementation of activity-oriented principles requires.

We propose not to avoid questions-problems on Russian history and modernity. These questions cannot be resolved, within the framework of the school in general, and even more so in grades 3–4. A person, constantly expanding his horizons throughout his life, himself comes to the solution of these problems. The aim of the course is put these questions are before the students, because without them a complete picture of history does not exist. When trying to solve these problems in elementary school, the teacher should draw the attention of children to the fact that in order to achieve the goal, a constant expansion of their knowledge is required! The goal of the historical and social science part of the course of the surrounding world is to make the student think about problematic issues, so that as his personality develops, he constantly returns to attempts to resolve them.

Thus, in general, students should develop ability to understand and understand the world around, i.e. meaningfully apply the acquired knowledge to solve educational, cognitive and life tasks.

Algorithm for preparing the teacher for the lesson. When conducting lessons in our course, teachers often face the problem of lack of time. The material of the topic is so extensive that it is not possible to “open” it completely together with schoolchildren using the technology of problematic dialogue. The bell is already ringing, and the teacher has not yet explained all the material to the children. As a result, there is no time left either for the stage of independent application of knowledge, or for summing up. At the heart of this problem lies the desire of the teacher to “discover” all knowledge with the students. On the contrary, some complex provisions are easier to explain to the teacher himself, leaving easier "discoveries" for students. It is important that at each lesson at least part of the knowledge the children "discover" themselves.

The second and main reason for the lack of time is the inability to use the minimax principle. According to this principle, students in the classroom can learn a lot of new things (maximum), but they should learn only the most important knowledge (minimum).

1st step. At the first stage of preparation for the lesson, it is necessary to highlight in the content of the textbook the obligatory program minimum. To do this, you need to open the program and find in the requirements for knowledge and skills by the end of this year of study those that relate to the topic being studied (the list of requirements is also placed in the diaries and at the beginning of each section of the textbook). This is the minimum that all students must learn and which will be checked in the test papers at the end of the quarter. The assimilation of these knowledge and skills is provided not so much in this lesson as in subsequent lessons in the process of their actualization. In some lessons, there may be no knowledge and skills related to the minimum.

Starting from the 2nd grade, at the end of the lesson there is a list of concepts that students should learn. Some of these concepts, highlighted in bold, refer to software minimum which all students should know. It can be denoted by the expression "need to remember." But the other part of the concepts, facts (it is not highlighted) is not included in the minimum. It can be denoted by the expression "enough to get acquainted." It includes words often found in the environment of the child, which, nevertheless, they do not need to know. It is necessary to achieve their understanding in the lesson by all students, but in further lessons it is not necessary to apply them at the actualization stage. To whom they seem important, they will remember them, the rest can forget. But in independent work carried out at the end of the topic (every 3-4 lessons), they are included and should be present at the lesson on this topic.

Finally, to the third category of concepts and facts - maximum- include those that are in the text of the textbook, but not placed at the end of the lesson, they are all the more not reflected in the program requirements. They are not only not necessary to know, but also not necessarily included in the lesson material.

2nd step. At the second stage of preparation for the lesson, having identified the concepts of minimum and maximum, the teacher thinks through the problem situation, the main question of the lesson and a small set of the most important questions that need to be answered in order to answer the main question. The teacher includes these basic questions of the lead-in dialogue in his notes, at the same time thinking about the possible answers to them by the children. You should try to follow the developed plan, being distracted in the lesson only by the difficulties that students have in studying the most important knowledge. If the students immediately express their versions of solving the problem (inciting dialogue), the teacher will not ask all the prepared questions, but will move on to discussing the versions in the lesson. In general, in our methodology, one must be prepared in advance for the fact that the guys will easily lead the teacher off the well-thought-out track. It is in order that the lesson does not lose its logic that the teacher writes a system of the most important questions in his notes and tries to follow it.

3rd step. Only at the third stage of preparation for the lesson, the teacher begins to select and include in the lesson summary that knowledge from the maximum that will interest schoolchildren. In the 3rd-4th grade, you can pre-discuss with the guys what they want to learn about. This material is the reserve that the teacher can sacrifice when there is a shortage of time.

Control of educational results. Any didactics involves control over the assimilation of knowledge, subject skills and universal educational activities. Without the knowledge acquired by schoolchildren, the effectiveness of learning will be zero. Once again, we will repeat the requirements for knowledge presented in the classroom on the world around us.

First, in our opinion, only the knowledge of students that they can use in practice is important. Therefore, first of all, the diverse knowledge acquired by schoolchildren should allow them to describe their observations and explain to the children their own experience, to help answer questions that arise in them. In fact, what is needed is skills in the use of knowledge, not knowledge itself.

Secondly, solid knowledge is important and necessary, and not the material learned for this lesson. In this regard, we propose to evaluate students in the following two ways:

1. The assessment of the assimilation of knowledge and skills is carried out through the performance by the student of productive tasks in textbooks and workbooks, in independent and final works (grades 1-2), in verification and control work (grades 3-4). Productive tasks require not so much to find a ready-made answer in the text as to apply the knowledge gained to a specific situation to explain it. This kind of use of knowledge leads to the construction by a person of an adequate reality of a holistic picture of the world that is understandable to him. A student who has completely completed all the necessary volume of tasks in the textbook and workbook on his own will acquire all the knowledge necessary in the course. At the same time, he will not so much remember the definition of concepts and the formulation of laws as he will be able to apply them in life. Naturally, the teacher can invent and add such tasks in many ways. But they must meet all of the above criteria (first of all, require creative application of knowledge) and it is desirable to be associated with any practical activity (write, draw, connect, sculpt, etc.). It is very important that the teacher determines the volume of tasks based on the level of knowledge of his students. In any case, there is no need to complete all the tasks in textbooks and workbooks (the minimax principle).
2. Assessment of the assimilation of knowledge and skills is carried out through the constant repetition of the most important concepts, laws and rules. At the stage of updating knowledge, before starting to study new material, we suggest that the teacher conduct a blitz survey of the most important concepts of the course and their relationships that need to be remembered for a correct understanding of the new topic. It is especially useful if the children themselves formulate the list of knowledge necessary to solve the problem that has arisen. In all textbooks, starting from the 2nd grade, questions are placed at the beginning of each lesson to update knowledge.

The advantages of such a test of knowledge and skills are that the teacher is constantly aware of the knowledge that children have. In the event that none of the students can answer the question, the students, under the guidance of the teacher, turn to the dictionary. This once again teaches how to work with him and shows how a person should act if he wants to know something.

Notebooks for self-study have an important role in monitoring. and final works (grades 1-2) and notebooks for verification and control work (grades 3-4). The level of tasks in textbooks and workbooks differs in its complexity from the level in independent (verification) and final (control) works. The tasks in the textbook and workbook are the most difficult. They include, in accordance with the minimax principle, not only the mandatory minimum (program requirements) that all students must learn, but also the maximum that students can learn. At the same time, tasks of different difficulty levels are not marked. In contrast, in independent (verification) and final (control) works, starting from the 2nd grade, the level of complexity (required, program or maximum) is marked, which students can choose on their own. At the same time, the emphasis of independent (verification) work is placed on the mandatory minimum and the most important provisions of the maximum (minimax). And the material of the final (control) work is entirely focused on the mandatory minimum of knowledge.

Thus, each student must master each topic by completing a certain amount of tasks in the textbook and workbook, having coped with the tasks of independent (verification), final (test) work. Positive assessments and marks for tasks of independent (verification), final (control) works are a kind of test on the studied topic. Each topic for each student must be credited, however, the deadline for receiving the credit should not be strictly limited (for example, students must pass all topics before the end of the quarter). This teaches students to plan their actions. But students should constantly see the results of their work, this role can be played by:

1. table of requirements for the subject in the "Student's Diary". In it, the student (with the help of the teacher) puts his marks for different tasks, demonstrating the development of relevant skills. For example (grade 2), mark for the task: “What substance gives hardness and elasticity to these objects? (a ball, an inflatable ring, an air mattress are drawn)" is placed in the column of the ability to "explain the differences between solid, liquid and gaseous substances";
2. 2) a student's portfolio of achievements - a folder in which the originals or copies (paper, digital) of the tasks performed by the student, works containing not only a mark (point), but also an assessment (a verbal description of his success and advice on improving, eliminating possible shortcomings) are placed .

The accumulation of these marks and grades shows the results of progress in the assimilation of new knowledge and skills by each student, the development of his ability to act.

III. Description of the place of the subject in the curriculum

In accordance with the federal basic curriculum, the course "The World Around" is studied from grades 1 to 4 for two hours a week. The total amount of study time is 270 hours. A special place is occupied by excursions and practical work. Their required minimum is determined for each section of the program. Excursions include observations, practical work: observations, experiments, measurements, work with ready-made models, independent creation of simple models.

IV. Description of the value orientations of the content of the subject

The value of life- recognition of human life and the existence of life in nature as a whole as the greatest value, as the basis for genuine ecological consciousness.

The value of nature is based on the universal value of life, on the awareness of oneself as a part of the natural world - a part of animate and inanimate nature. Love for nature means, first of all, caring for it as a habitat and human survival, as well as experiencing a sense of beauty, harmony, its perfection, preserving and increasing its wealth.

Human value as a rational being striving for goodness and self-improvement, the importance and necessity of maintaining a healthy lifestyle in the unity of its components: physical, mental and socio-moral health.

The value of good- the focus of a person on the development and preservation of life, through compassion and mercy as a manifestation of the highest human ability - love.

The value of truth- this is the value of scientific knowledge as part of the culture of mankind, the mind, understanding the essence of being, the universe.

Family value as the first and most significant social and educational environment for the development of the child, ensuring the continuity of the cultural traditions of the peoples of Russia from generation to generation and thus the viability of Russian society.

The value of labor and creativity as a natural condition of human life, a state of normal human existence.

The value of freedom as the freedom of a person to choose his thoughts and actions, but freedom, naturally limited by the norms, rules, laws of society, of which a person is always a member throughout the social essence.

The value of social solidarity as a recognition of human rights and freedoms, the possession of a sense of justice, mercy, honor, dignity in relation to oneself and to other people.

The value of citizenship- a person's awareness of himself as a member of society, a people, a representative of a country and a state.

The value of patriotism- one of the manifestations of a person's spiritual maturity, expressed in love for Russia, the people, a small homeland, in a conscious desire to serve the Fatherland.

The value of humanity- a person's awareness of himself as part of the world community, for the existence and progress of which peace, cooperation of peoples and respect for the diversity of their cultures are necessary.

V. Personal, meta-subject and subject results of mastering the subject

All the results (goals) of mastering the educational and methodological course form an integral system together with subject means. Their relationship can be seen in the diagram.

1st class

personal results studying the course "The world around us" in the 1st grade is the formation of the following skills:

• Evaluate life situations (people's actions) from the point of view of generally accepted norms and values: in the proposed situations, mark specific actions that can be assessed as good or bad.
• Explain from the standpoint of universal human moral values, why specific actions can be assessed as good or bad.
• On one's own determine And express
• make a choice what action to take.

The means of achieving these results is the educational material and tasks of the textbook, which provide the 2nd line of development - the ability to determine one's attitude to the world.

Metasubject outcomes studying the course "The world around us" in the 1st grade is the formation of the following universal learning activities (UUD).

Regulatory UUD:

• Define And formulate the purpose of the activity in the lesson with the help of the teacher.
• pronounce sequence of actions in the lesson.
• To study express own assumption (version) based on work with the illustration of the textbook.
• To study work according to the teacher's plan.

• To study differ a correctly completed task from an incorrect one.
• To learn together with the teacher and other students to give emotional assessment class activities in the classroom.

Cognitive UUD:

• differ new from already known with the help of a teacher.
• Make a preliminary selection of information sources: navigate in the textbook (on the spread, in the table of contents, in the dictionary).
• Get new knowledge: find answers answer questions using the textbook, your life experience and the information received in the lesson.
• draw conclusions as a result of the joint work of the whole class.
• Process the received information: compare And group objects and their images.
• detail retell small texts, name their topic.

The means of forming these actions is the educational material and tasks of the textbook, which provide the 1st line of development - the ability to explain the world.

Communicative UUD:

• formalize his thought in oral and written speech (at the level of a sentence or a short text).
• Listen And understand the speech of others.
• expressively to read And retell text.

The means of forming these actions is the technology of problematic dialogue (inciting and leading dialogue).

Substantive results studying the course "The world around us" in the 1st grade is the formation of the following skills.

• name the surrounding objects and their relationships;
• explain how people help each other live;
• name living and non-living natural resources and their role in human life;
• name the main features of each season.

• evaluate the correctness of behavior in everyday life (rules of communication, rules of life safety, traffic).

2nd grade

personal results studying the course "The world around us" in the 2nd grade is the formation of the following skills:

• Evaluate life situations (people's actions) from the point of view of generally accepted norms and values: in the proposed situations, mark specific actions that can be estimate as good or bad.
• Explain
• On one's own determine And express the simplest rules of conduct common to all people (the foundations of universal human moral values).
• In the proposed situations, relying on simple rules of conduct common to all, make a choice what action to take.

Metasubject outcomes studying the course "The world around us" in the 2nd grade is the formation of the following universal educational activities.

Regulatory UUD:

• Define the purpose of the activity in the lesson with the help of the teacher and independently.
• Learn with the teacher to discover and formulate a learning problem together with the teacher (for this, a number of lessons are specially provided in the textbook).
• To study to plan learning activities in the classroom.
• speak out his version, try to offer a way to check it (based on productive tasks in the textbook).
• Working according to the proposed plan, use necessary means (textbook, simple instruments and tools).

The technology of problematic dialogue at the stage of studying new material serves as a means of forming these actions.

• Define success in completing their task in a dialogue with the teacher.

The means of forming these actions is the technology of evaluating educational achievements (educational success).

Cognitive UUD:

• Navigate your system of knowledge: understand that additional information (knowledge) is needed to solve the learning problem in one step.
• Do preliminary selection sources of information for solving a learning problem.
• Get new knowledge: find the necessary information both in the textbook and in the dictionaries and encyclopedias proposed by the teacher (in the 2nd grade textbook, a special “encyclopedia inside the textbook” is provided for this).
• Extract new knowledge: extract information presented in different forms (text, table, diagram, illustration, etc.).
• Process the received information: observe and draw your own conclusions.

Communicative UUD:

• Communicate your position to others: formalize his thought in oral and written speech (at the level of one sentence or a small text).
• Listen And understand the speech of others.
• expressively to read And retell text.
• join in conversation in the classroom and in life.

The means of forming these actions is the technology of problematic dialogue (inciting and leading dialogue) and the technology of productive reading.

• Jointly agree on the rules of communication and behavior at school and follow them.
• Learn to play different roles in the group (leader, performer, critic).

The means of forming these actions is work in small groups (in the methodological recommendations such an option for conducting lessons is given).

Substantive results studying the course "The world around us" in the 2nd grade is the formation of the following skills.

The 1st line of development is to be able to explain the world:

• explain the differences between solid, liquid and gaseous substances;
• explain the influence of the Earth's gravity;
• associate events on Earth with the location and movement of the Sun and Earth;
• observe the weather and describe it;
• be able to determine the cardinal directions by the sun and by the compass;
• use the globe and maps, find and show parts of the world, continents and oceans on them;
• name the main natural areas and their features.

The 2nd line of development is to be able to determine your attitude to the world:

• evaluate the correctness of human behavior in nature;
• respect other peoples living on Earth.

3rd-4th grades

personal results studying the course "The world around us" in the 3rd-4th grade is the formation of the following skills:

• Evaluate life situations (people's actions) from the point of view of generally accepted norms and values: learn to separate actions from the person himself.
• Explain from the standpoint of universal human moral values, why specific simple actions can be assessed as good or bad.
• On one's own determine And express the simplest rules of conduct common to all people (the foundations of universal human moral values).
• In the proposed situations, based on the rules of conduct common to all, make a choice what action to take.

The means of achieving these results is the educational material and tasks of the textbook, aimed at the 2nd line of development - the ability to determine one's attitude to the world.

Metasubject outcomes studying the course "The world around us" in the 3rd grade is the formation of the following universal learning activities:

Regulatory UUD:

• Independently formulate the objectives of the lesson after a preliminary discussion.
• Together with the teacher, discover and formulate a learning problem.
• Make a plan for solving the problem (task) together with the teacher.
• Working according to the plan, compare your actions with the goal and, if necessary, correct mistakes with the help of a teacher.

The technology of problematic dialogue at the stage of studying new material serves as a means of forming these actions.

• In dialogue with the teacher, develop evaluation criteria and determine the degree of success in the performance of one's work and the work of everyone, based on the existing criteria.

The means of forming these actions is the technology of evaluating educational achievements (educational success).

Cognitive UUD:

• Navigate your knowledge system: independently assume what information is needed to solve the learning problem in one step.
• select sources of information necessary for solving the educational task among the dictionaries, encyclopedias, reference books proposed by the teacher.
• Get new knowledge: extract information presented in different forms (text, table, diagram, illustration, etc.).
• Process the received information: compare And group facts and phenomena; determine the causes of phenomena, events.
• Process the received information: draw conclusions based on the generalization of knowledge.
• Convert information from one form to another: make up simple plan educational and scientific text.
• Convert information from one form to another: provide information in the form of text, tables, diagrams.

The means of forming these actions is the educational material and tasks of the textbook, aimed at the 1st line of development - the ability to explain the world.

Communicative UUD:

• Communicate your position to others: formalize their thoughts in oral and written speech, taking into account their educational and life speech situations.
• Communicate your position to others: express your point of view and try to substantiate giving arguments.
• Listen to others, try to take a different point of view, be ready to change your point of view.

The technology of problematic dialogue (inciting and leading dialogue) serves as a means of forming these actions.

• Read aloud and silently the texts of textbooks and at the same time: conduct a “dialogue with the author” (predict future reading; put questions to the text and look for answers; check yourself); separate the new from the known; highlight the main to make plan.

The technology of productive reading serves as a means of forming these actions.

• Negotiate with people: performing various roles in a group, cooperate in a joint solution of a problem (task).
• Learn to respect the position of another, try to negotiate.

The means of forming these actions is the work in small groups.

Substantive results studying the course "The world around us" in the 3rd grade is the formation of the following skills.

Part 1. The inhabitants of the Earth

The 1st line of development is to be able to explain the world.

• give examples of bodies and substances, solids, liquids and gases, energy actions;
• give examples of the relationship between animate and inanimate nature;
• explain the importance of the circulation of substances in nature and human life;
• give examples of living organisms of different "professions";
• list the features of coniferous and flowering plants;
• animals (insects, spiders, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, animals), mushrooms.

The 2nd line of development is to be able to determine your attitude to the world:

• to prove the need for careful attitude of people to living organisms.

Part 2. My Fatherland

The 1st line of development is to be able to explain the world:

• learn about the life of people from the historical text, maps and draw conclusions;
• distinguish objects and orders created by people (culture) from what is created by nature;
• explain what society, state, history, democracy are;
• by year determine the century, the place of the event in the past;
• to distinguish from each other the times of Ancient Russia, Muscovy, the Russian Empire, Soviet Russia and the USSR, modern Russia. Recognize the modern coat of arms, flag, anthem of Russia, show borders and the capital on the map.

The 2nd line of development is to be able to determine your attitude to the world:

• learn to explain their attitude to relatives and friends, to the past and present of their native country.

Substantive results studying the course "The world around us" in the 4th grade is the formation of the following skills.

Part 1. Man and nature

The 1st line of development is to be able to explain the world:

• explain the role of the main organs and organ systems in the human body;
• apply knowledge about your body in life (to draw up a daily routine, rules of conduct, etc.);
• name the basic properties of air as a gas, water as a liquid and minerals as solids;
• explain how a person uses the properties of air, water, the most important minerals;
• explain what is the main difference between humans and animals;
• find contradictions between nature and human economy, suggest ways to eliminate them.

The 2nd line of development is to be able to determine your attitude to the world:

• evaluate what is good for health and what is harmful;
• prove the need for respect for living organisms.

Part 2. Man and mankind

The 1st line of development is to be able to explain the world:

• by the behavior of people to find out what emotions (experiences) they experience, what character traits they have;
• to distinguish from each other different eras (times) in the history of mankind;
• to explain the differences between the people of modern humanity: to distinguish between citizens of different states; a person's nationality from his race; believers of different religions and atheists.

The 2nd line of development is to be able to determine your attitude to the world:

• explain what interests unite you with your relatives, friends, countrymen, citizens of your country, what unites all people on Earth into one humanity;
• notice and explain what people's actions are contrary to human conscience, rules of conduct (morality and law), human rights and the rights of the child. Suggest what you yourself can do to correct visible violations.

1st class. "Me and the world around" (66 hours)

How we understand each other (9 hours) Schoolboy, his duties. School. The hand and index finger is the simplest way to communicate. Hand. Index finger, its role in showing objects. Speech is the main way people communicate. The use of a word to name an object, sign, action. Items that cannot be pointed with a finger (distant, fabulous, items in the future).

Benefits of sharing knowledge between people. The transfer and accumulation of life experience is the basis of people's well-being. Source of life experience: own experience, knowledge of other people, books.

The concepts of “right”, “left”, “middle”, “behind”, “before”, “front”, “behind”, “forward”, “backward”, “left”, “right”, “above”, “ below", "up", "down". "Earlier" and "Later".

How do we know what is in front of us (4 hours) Objects and their signs. Signs are common with other objects and peculiar. Distinguishing objects by signs. Comparison of the features of this subject with others. The properties of objects, their parts and actions with them allow you to distinguish between objects. Item combinations. Signs of combinations: objects as signs; objects with certain properties.

How do you know the world (4 hours) Human sense organs. The eyes are the organ of sight, the ears are the organ of hearing, the nose is the organ of smell, the tongue is the organ of taste, and the skin is the organ of touch. Memory is the repository of experience. Mind. Help parents and teachers to children in recognizing the world. The book stores the knowledge and experience of people. Encyclopedia.

Your family and your friends (7 hours) Your family and its composition. Mutual assistance in the family. The role in the family of each of its members, the "professions" of family members. Your help to the family. What qualities should a family have?

Rules for safe behavior in the house. Dangerous and poisonous substances. How to behave in the kitchen, in the bath. Rules for the use of electrical appliances. Fire safety rules. Caution in dealing with strangers and strangers.

Friend and friends. Communication as the interaction of people, the exchange of thoughts, knowledge, feelings, the impact on each other. The importance of communication in human life. Ability to communicate. The role of polite words in communication. Smile and its role. Expression of greeting and farewell, gratitude, request, apology, refusal, disagreement. How to listen to the interlocutor. Miracles of communication (listening, speaking, music, drawings, dancing, etc.). Types of communication in humans and animals, their similarities.

What surrounds us (10 hours) City and its features. Residential area: houses, streets, parks. Urban transport. Mutual assistance of people of different professions is the basis of the life of the city. Travel around the city: residential areas, plants and factories, business and scientific center of the city, recreation area. The village, its features. The life of people in villages and villages. Growing plants in gardens, orchards and fields, breeding pets. Rules for safe behavior on the street. Traffic lights. Road signs.

The relationship of people of different professions in the process of bread production. Fairy-tale hero Kolobok and his journey. The economy of man. The role of natural resources. Extraction from underground storerooms. Making things in factories and factories. Agricultural plants and animals, their help to man. Agriculture: plant growing and animal husbandry. Service sector. Transport.

Man's dependence on nature. Living natural wealth: animals and plants. Inanimate natural resources: air, soil, water, underground storerooms. Forces of nature - wind, sunlight, river flow. The role of natural resources in the human economy. Respect for natural resources. Solid, liquid and gaseous bodies, their display in Russian. Three states of water: solid (ice, snow), liquid (water), gaseous (steam).

Excursion"Safe Road to School"

Living inhabitants of the planet (9 hours) Plants, fungi, animals, humans are living organisms. Growth, respiration, nutrition, reproduction are properties of living organisms. Mortality of living organisms. Respect for the living inhabitants of the Earth.

The similarity of plants and animals: breathing, nutrition, growth, development, reproduction. Plants feed all the inhabitants of the Earth and saturate the air with oxygen. Plants are the "breadwinners". Animals are more often mobile, looking for prey, eating food. Their "profession" is "eaters". The protection of living organisms in nature is the most important human concern. Variety of plants (flowering and non-flowering plants). Mushrooms. Variety of animals. The relationship of living organisms of different "professions" with each other. Their adaptation to their place of life.

Cultivated plants and domestic animals are our friends. Human care for them. Dogs are man's helpers. Origin and breed of dogs. Indoor plants are aliens from different countries. Plant care (regular watering, light). Rural house and its inhabitants - animals, their use by man. Caring for pets. cultivated plants. Garden, garden and field plants are the breadwinners of man. Fruits and vegetables. Edible parts of plants.

Man, like an animal: breathes, eats and gives birth to cubs. The resemblance of man to animals. Understanding the functions of various parts of the human body. Man is a rational being. Making things. The behavior of a rational being. Caring for nature.

Ecology is the science of how to live in peace with nature without violating its laws. Rules of conduct in nature. Assignments to students for ingenuity: what can and cannot be done in nature. Respect for the environment.

Why and why (2 hours) The sequence of events and its causes. Cause and investigation.

Seasons (12 noon) Autumn. Signs of autumn: cold snap, short day, leaf fall, ice on puddles. Leaf coloring. Preparing animals for winter.

Winter. Winter signs. Weather in winter. Snow, snowflake, icicle, frost patterns. Animals and plants in winter. Help animals.

Spring. Signs of spring: ice drift, melting snow, blooming leaves, the arrival of birds, the beginning of flowering plants, nesting birds. Flowers are primroses. Birds and their nests.

Summer. Signs of summer: long day, short night, bright sun, thunderstorm (thunder, lightning). Folk omens. All living things bring offspring, the ripening of fruits. Mushrooms. Water travel. Thunderstorm Rules. Nests and dens of animals.

Excursion to the park "Autumn Nature".

Excursion to the park "Winter nature".

Excursion to the park "Spring nature".

Hours at the discretion of the teacher - 4 hours.

2nd grade. "Our Planet Earth" (68 hours)

Introduction (4 hours) General words - concepts. Living and non-living nature. Things. Substance. Solids, liquids and gases, their properties. Air is a mixture of gases. Water is a liquid. Ice is a solid. Change of states of substances.

Earth and sun (16 h) Determination of the time of the day and year by the Sun and the Moon. Determination of directions by the Sun and the North Star. The main sides of the horizon: east - the direction of the sunrise, west - the direction of the sunset, north - the direction of the North Star, south - the direction of the Sun at noon. Compass and its use. Practical work with a compass. Change of phases of the moon. Sundial making.

Earth shape. Skyline. Evidence of the spherical shape of the Earth: the expansion of the horizon with a rise in height, round-the-world travel, a lunar eclipse, flight into space.

Practical work with a globe. Globe is a model of the Earth. Movement of the globe and the earth. Equator, poles, hemispheres. Meridians and parallels.

Universe or space. Planets and stars are celestial bodies. Stars are self-luminous celestial bodies. constellations. Planets shine by reflected light. Planet Earth. The sun is a star. Planets of the solar system. The motion of the planets in their orbits around the sun. The Moon is the Earth's satellite. Solar eclipse. Air color.

Earth gravity. All objects are attracted to each other, large massive objects attract more strongly to themselves - the law of universal gravitation. The influence of gravity on our lives. Weightlessness.

The change of night and day. The main source of light on Earth is the Sun. The rotation of the Earth around its axis is the reason for the change of day and night. Proportionality of the rhythm of human life to days. Daily regime. Practical work with the globe.

Change of seasons. The life of nature changes with the seasons. The height of the sun above the horizon in different seasons of the year. Change in the angle of inclination of the sun's rays during the year. The revolution of the Earth around the Sun is the reason for the change of seasons. The axis of the Earth is directed to the North Star. Due to the tilt of the axis, the Earth turns to the Sun with its northern hemisphere (summer of the northern hemisphere), then southern (winter of the northern hemisphere). The earth retains the heat of the sun's rays.

Cold, temperate and hot zones of illumination and their location on the Earth and relative to the sun's rays. Polar circle, tropic. Cold zone - long winter and short summer, temperate zone - alternation of winter and summer, hot zone - "eternal summer".

The atmosphere is the air layer of the Earth. Weather and its signs. Temperature, its measurement. Thermometer. Practical work with a thermometer. Cloudy. Precipitation: rain, snow, hail. Wind and the reason for its formation. Climate is the regular pattern of weather throughout the year. Weather diary. Signs of good and bad weather.

What is depicted on the globe and map. Globe and map (8 hours) Plan and map - an image of the Earth on a plane. The concept of scale. Conditional signs.

A globe is a miniature model of the Earth. Hemispheric map.

Symbols for the map and the globe. Height and depth on earth map and globe. Practical work with the map.

A continent is a large piece of land surrounded by water. Eurasia, Africa, Australia, North America, South America and Antarctica are continents. Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, America and Antarctica are parts of the world. Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans.

Forms of the earth's surface (7 hours) Rivers are a constant flow of water from precipitation that falls on the surface of the land. Source, channel, mouth (delta). Left and right coast. Drainage basin. The water cycle in nature. Why does the river never run out of water? Why is there so much water in the river? Why do rivers flow not only when it rains? How do rivers and streams change the earth's surface? River valley. The most important rivers of the world and their location on the map. Mountain and lowland rivers. Lakes are natural bodies of water with stagnant water. Flowing and endorheic lakes. Large lakes. The deepest lake is Baikal. The Caspian Sea is the largest lake.

Plains are flat or slightly hilly areas of land. Plains and lowlands. Swamps. Mountains are elevations of the earth's surface. The nature of the plains and mountains. Rocks. Minerals. The most important plains, mountains and peaks and their location on the map. How mountains were formed: underground force raises mountains, and weathering destroys them. How mountains turn into plains. Weathering. Mountains and volcanoes. Volcanoes and eruptions. Earthquakes are the result of displacement of the Earth's layers.

Peninsulas are areas of land that protrude into the ocean. The most important peninsulas and their location on the map. Islands are small areas of land separated by seas and oceans from the continents. The most important islands of the globe and their location on the map. Seas are large bodies of salt water located on the edges of the oceans and washing the land. Properties of the seas: all the seas are connected to each other, the water level in all the seas is the same, the water in the seas is salty. The most important seas of the world and their location on the map. Sea dwellers. Coral reefs and the organisms that inhabit them.

Excursion"Forms of the earth's surface" (held in the spring).

Earth is our common home (11 h) Habitat for living organisms. Food connections. Ecosystem - living organisms living together and the piece of land on which they live. Plants are the "breadwinners". Animals are "eaters". Mushrooms, microbes, earthworms - "scavengers". Eaters and scavengers provide nutrients to plants. The relationship of all living things in an ecosystem. their mutual adaptation. Circulation of matter.

Natural zones - land areas with similar natural conditions, receiving a similar amount of solar heat and light and changing in a certain order from the pole to the equator.

Natural zones of the cold zone. Ice deserts and their inhabitants. Tundra. Harsh climate: long polar night and short summer day. Permafrost. Landscape of the tundra. Animal and plant world. Location of the tundra on the globe. Red Book.

Temperate zone. The woods. Change of seasons. Evergreen coniferous and deciduous trees. Leaf fall and its role in the seasonal climate. Animal and plant world. Location of forests on the globe. How forests replace each other.

Steppe. Dry climate of the steppes. Outdoor landscape. Animal and plant world. Location on the globe. Desert. Hot dry climate. Desert landscape. Animal and plant world. Adaptation of living organisms to the arid climate of deserts. Location of deserts on the globe.

The fragile nature of the steppes and deserts, the need to preserve it. Arid zones of the hot zone. Tropical desert zone and its inhabitants. Oasis. The steppe of the hot belt is the savannah. Evergreen forest. Hot humid rainforest climate. Animal and plant world. Location of evergreen forests on the globe.

The mountains. Cooling with the ascent to the mountains: the sun does not heat the air, but the earth. Elementary ideas about altitudinal zonation. Mountain plants and animals. Natural disasters in the mountains.

Adaptation of people to life in various natural conditions. human races. Basic human needs: food and clothing. Gathering food (fruits, berries, mushrooms, roots) and hunting wild animals are the most ancient human occupations. Agriculture and cattle breeding. Agriculture is the occupation of the inhabitants of the plains and lowlands. Cattle breeding is the occupation of the inhabitants of the deserts and mountains. Cities are the place of residence of many people employed in industry. countries and their peoples. Map of countries and cities - political map. Major countries and cities of the world and their location.

Excursion"Acquaintance with the nature of your natural zone." Safe travel rules.

Parts of the world (10 h) Europe. European countries and cities (Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Ukraine, Denmark, Sweden). The Alps are the mountains of Europe. Objects around us and their homeland. Heroes of children's fairy tales from European countries.

Asia. The largest part of the world. Natural conditions of Asia. Countries and peoples of Asia (Japan, China, India). Asia is home to more than half of humanity. Objects around us and their homeland.

Africa. Natural conditions of Africa: hot climate. Peoples of Africa: Negroes and Arabs. African countries: Egypt. Sahara Desert. natural areas of Africa. Objects around us and their homeland. African animals. How to protect yourself from the sun.

America. Indians are the original inhabitants of America. Moderate and hot climate. natural areas North America. North America is the second home of industry. Countries (USA, Canada) and cities. Objects around us and their homeland. Natural areas of South America and their inhabitants. South America is home to the smallest birds, the largest snakes, butterflies and beetles, the hardest and lightest wood. Discovery of America by the Vikings and Columbus.

Australia. Climate and natural areas of Australia. Australia is the birthplace of kangaroos and other animals with a bag. Antarctica is the coldest continent on Earth. The lowest temperatures. Glaciers. Life in Antarctica exists only along the edge of the coast. Exploration of the South Pole. The largest water cycle Why is Antarctica colder than the Arctic?

Russia. The biggest country in the world. nature of our country. The main rivers, lakes, plains, mountains, islands, peninsulas and seas of Russia. natural wealth of our country. People are the main wealth of our country. Ancient masters are the pride of Russia. Architectural monuments of our country. Nature and sights of the region.

Our little planet Earth (3 hours) The growing impact of modern man on nature: the accumulation of garbage, climate change, the creation of artificial lakes and deserts. The need for protection and respect for nature. Rules of conduct in the apartment, allowing to preserve nature.

Hours at the discretion of the teacher - 5 hours.

3rd grade. Section 1: "Inhabitants of the Earth" (34 hours)

Substance and energy (4 hours) Bodies natural and artificial. Substance is what all objects and bodies in nature consist of. Matter is made up of particles. Molecules are the smallest particles of matter. Pure substances, mixtures. Three states of matter: solids, liquids and gases, the arrangement of particles in them. The transformation of substances. Why plasticine is soft and glass is hard. Why is ice lighter than water?

Energy is the source of motion. Variety of manifestations of energy. Electricity, sunlight, falling water are phenomena caused by the action of energy. The transformation of energy on the example of people's life. The indestructibility of energy. Energy conversion and heat release.

The shell of the planet covered with life (5 hours) Air, water and stone shells of the Earth. distribution of living organisms. The living shell of the Earth is the biosphere. Life is distributed in the area of ​​mutual penetration of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere.

The most important condition for human life is the order of the surrounding world. The stability of conditions is a consequence of the circulation of substances in nature. Life is a participant in the circulation of substances.

Participants in the circulation of substances. Plants - producers, their role in providing food and oxygen. Animals - consumers, their role in limiting the number of plants. Fungi and bacteria are decomposers and their role is to convert dead organisms into mineral nutrients for plants.

The flow of matter through a living organism (nutrition, respiration). Metabolism. The use of absorbed substances for life, growth, self-renewal, reproduction. Burning and breathing.

The role of the sun as a source of energy. Storage of solar energy by living organisms.

Ecological system (9 hours) A large cycle in the biosphere connects all ecosystems. An ecosystem is a unity of animate and inanimate nature, in which a community of living organisms of different "professions" is able to jointly maintain the circulation of substances. Community. Living and non-living components of an ecosystem. Food chains. Soil is the unity of living and non-living. Soil fertility. How is soil formed?

lake ecosystem. Small unicellular and large algae. Daphnia and cyclops are a favorite food for aquarium fish. Lake and river fish. Bacteria and their role in waste processing. Gradual overgrowth of the lake.

The swamp is an overgrown lake. Wet plants. Sphagnum and its role in the absorption of excess water. Swamp berries and their consumers. Swamp animals. Not completely closed circulation of swamps. Peat and the accumulation of dead organic matter. Gradual self-draining of the swamp.

Meadow ecosystem. Meadow plants: cereals and herbs. Dernovina and its role in the preservation and creation of relief. Meadow animals. Earthworms and bacteria, their role in soil fertility. Overgrowing of the meadow with forest.

Forest ecosystem. Trees are the main plants of the forest. Wood. Trees are powerful pumps (the movement of water with mineral salts along the trunk). Forest shrubs. Forest herbs. The value of forest animals. Animals not only participate in the circulation of substances, but also regulate it. Distribution of plant seeds (birch, oak, raspberry, etc.). Forest fungi and bacteria and their role in the closure of the cycle of substances.

The role of water and wind in the destruction of mountains, washing away the soil. The role of life in the preservation of the living shell. Change of ecosystems and restoration of the closed circulation of substances. Life heals the wounds of the biosphere. Overgrowing of a bonfire, an abandoned field (deposit). How to help nature heal its wounds?

The field is an artificial ecological system. Cultivated plants planted in the fields. The dependence of the circulation of substances in the fields on human activities. Plowing fields. Field fertilizer. The inability of cultivated plants to protect - mass reproduction of weeds and pests. Animals of the fields. The present and future of weed and pest control.

An aquarium is a small artificial ecosystem. Non-living (sand, stones, water) and living components of the aquarium. Algae, crustaceans and fish, bacteria. The relationship of all living and non-living components in an aquarium. Possible mistakes of a beginner aquarist.

Excursion "The inhabitants of the lake, meadows, forests."

Living participants in the cycle of substances (10 hours) Plants and their role on Earth. Stem, leaf, root - the main organs of flowering plants. A flower is a reproductive organ. Seed and its role. Fetus. Variety of plants: conifers, flowering plants, mosses, horsetails, club mosses, ferns, algae. Plants are made up of individual cells. Chlorophyll and its role.

Animals and their role on Earth. The simplest animals. The division of labor between different parts of a multicellular organism. Worms. The role of muscles in active movement. Emergence of head and tail, back and belly. Shellfish. The shell of mollusks is like a home and a support for the muscles.

The appearance of hard covers is a defense against predators. The outer skeleton of arthropods is the “armor” of a knight. Insects and their diversity. development of insects. Crayfish, spiders and their features.

The emergence of the spine - the internal skeleton. Fish are vertebrates that have adapted to life in the water. Variety of fish. Exit of animals to land. Life on the border of water and land and the structure of amphibians: lungs - respiratory organs, naked skin and the development of tadpoles in water. Reptiles are land animals with variable body temperature. Animals and birds are animals with a constant body temperature. Birds and their flight adaptations. Feather. Migratory and resident birds. Animals. Wool. Caring for the offspring of animals and birds. Brain and sense organs.

Careful handling of wild animals. Rules of conduct with pets.

Mushrooms are wood destroyers. Mycelium. Yeasts and their role in bread making. Edible and poisonous, spongy and agaric mushrooms. Commonwealth of mushroom and tree. Lichens.

Bacteria are universal destroyers of substances. Bacteria are the simplest, oldest and smallest living beings. Difficulty observing bacteria. Bacterial traces are visible everywhere. Bacteria are the main participants in all cycles.

People use the cycle for their needs. Destruction of the cycle of substances and a threat to human well-being. Nature does not have time to restore reserves. Nature does not have time to process garbage. Examples of ecological disturbances in the biosphere. Living in harmony with nature is the only strategy for humanity. Reserves and national parks.

Excursion to a zoo or a botanical garden, a local history museum, the theme is "Variety of plants and animals."

Repetition of the material covered - 4 hours.

Hours at the choice of the teacher - 2.

3rd grade. Section 2: "My Fatherland" (34 hours).

Your relatives and your Motherland in the stream of time (4 hours) Pedigree of a person. generations of ancestors. Pedigree tree. Surname, name and patronymic - the connection of times.

The idea of ​​the "river of time". Historical account of time. Century (century) and era - the reference point of time. The Christian era accepted in modern chronology. Primary ideas about Christianity - one of the most widespread religions in the world.

Our Motherland (house, city or village, native land, country). The society in which we live. State image. Government. Laws are binding rules of conduct for all, established by the state. My Motherland, my Fatherland is Russia!

History of my Motherland. History is the science of the past of mankind. historical sources. The image of the centuries-old history of Russia.

Times of Ancient Russia. IX – XIII centuries (5 hours) Ancient inhabitants of Russian expanses. The life of the Slavic tribes.

Creation of the Old Russian state. Kyiv is the capital of the great princes of Ancient Russia. Adoption of Christianity under Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich.

"Ancient Russia - a country of cities." Cities are the centers of culture of Ancient Russia. The idea of ​​culture as all the achievements of mankind. Cultural wealth of Ancient Russia. Temple in the life of an ancient Russian city. Monasteries. Chronicles and handwritten books. Slavic alphabet - Cyrillic.

Defense of the Russian land. The raids of the steppe nomads. Bogatyr outposts. Fragmentation of Russian lands. Fight with European knights. "Battle on the Ice". Alexander Nevskiy.

The ruin and death of Ancient Russia. Mongol invasion. State of the Golden Horde. Primary ideas about the Islamic religion. Russian lands under the rule of the Golden Horde.

Times of the Moscow state. XIV - XVII centuries (4 hours) The time of the creation of the Moscow state is the time of the struggle between cruelty and mercy. Kulikovo battle. Dmitry Donskoy. Sergius of Radonezh. "Trinity" by Andrei Rublev. Liberation from the Horde yoke. Unification of Russian principalities into the Russian state.

Great Sovereign Ivan III. The State Emblem of Russia is a double-headed eagle. Muscovy is the heir of Ancient Russia. Land and people of the Moscow state. Occupations and life of rural residents - peasants. Boyars and nobles. Cities of the Moscow state. The capital of the state is Moscow.

The Moscow Kremlin is a monument to the times of the Moscow state, "the heart of Moscow and all of Russia." Cathedrals of the Moscow Kremlin. Image of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. St. Basil's Cathedral. Time of Troubles - the threat of the collapse of the Muscovite state. People's militia of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky. The liberation of Moscow and the salvation of the Fatherland.

Times of the Russian Empire. XVIII - early XX century (5 hours) The transformation of Russia by Peter the Great - the first Russian emperor. Victory in a difficult war with Sweden. Russia's exit to the sea. The new capital is St. Petersburg. Introduction of Russia to European culture. New symbols of the empire: the state flag (white-blue-red), the naval St. Andrew's flag.

Power and people of the Russian Empire. Image of Catherine II. The great Russian commander A.V. Suvorov. The power of the emperor and officials. The idea of ​​serfdom.

The Patriotic War of 1812 is a threat to the existence of Russia. Battle of Borodino. The unity of the people in the face of the enemy. M.I. Kutuzov.

Achievements of Russian culture during the empire. Mikhailo Lomonosov is “our first university”. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is the creator of the Russian literary language. The best works of Russian architecture and painting.

The reign of Alexander II is a time of change in the Russian Empire. Abolition of serfdom. The rapid development of a renewed empire.

Times of Soviet Russia and the USSR. 1917 - 1991 (4 hours) Life of workers and peasants at the beginning of the 20th century. People and power. Nicholas II. Revolution of 1917 V.I. Lenin and the Bolsheviks Civil war in Russia. The collapse of the empire and the formation of the Soviet Union.

The goal of the Soviet state is to build a just society. Symbols of the USSR: red flag, coat of arms. Power of the Soviets and the Communist Party. An attempt to build a just society. I.V. Stalin.

World War II and the Great Patriotic War. victory over fascism. Heroes of the Great Patriotic War.

Development of the Soviet Union after World War II. Achievements of science and technology in the USSR, space exploration. Changes in people's lives. The need for change in the country.

Modern Russia (8 hours) Transformation of the USSR into the CIS. The largest state of the CIS is Russia. Modern Russia is the successor of Ancient Russia, Muscovy, the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Restoration of state symbols. The concept of citizenship. The constitution is the fundamental law of the state. Rights and obligations of citizens.

What is democracy? Ideas about the electoral system.

State power in Russia. concept of legislative and executive power. The president is the head of state who is elected by the people. Government. The State Duma is a meeting of representatives elected by the people, which creates laws.

Russia is the common home of many nations. Languages ​​and customs of the peoples of Russia. Unity and equality of all peoples of Russia.

The Russian Federation is a state created by a union of territories. Council of the Federation. Russians are all citizens of the Russian Federation.

The property of Russian culture is libraries, museums, theaters. Our most important task is to preserve and increase the cultural wealth of Russia. State holidays of modern Russia (the origin and traditions of the celebration).

4th grade. Section 1: "Man and Nature" (34 hours)

Man and his structure (14 hours) Human device. The main organ systems of the human body and their role in the life of the body.

Leather. The structure of the skin. Skin and its role in protection from cold and heat, external influences, microbes (bacteria). Inconstancy of conditions in the external environment and constancy of conditions inside the organism. Sweating and its role in maintaining body temperature. Hygiene rules. Sunburn and sun protection. Calluses - protection against abrasion of the skin. The skin is a sense organ. Finger sensitivity. Patterns on palms and fingers.

Human movement. Internal skeleton, its advantages and disadvantages. Continuous growth of bones. Bones and their strength. Joints. Mobility in the spine and shoulder joint. Fractures, dislocations. How to provide first aid? Muscles are the movers of the body and its skeleton. Muscles and joint. Muscle functions: contraction and relaxation. Physical fatigue of a person.

Digestion. Digestive organs. Teeth and chewing. Mouth and tongue. Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver. Healthy eating rules. Digestion and its role in the transformation of food into a universal source of energy and building material common to all living beings: proteins, carbohydrates and fats.

Excretory organs and their role in removing harmful substances and excess water from cells. Kidney, bladder. What is urine?

Respiratory organs: nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs. Respiratory hygiene. How do we breathe? How do we talk? Sneezing and coughing. Tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia.

Circles of blood circulation. The heart is a pump. Arteries, veins and capillaries. Arterial and venous blood. Pulse. Blood pressure.

Blood and its transport function within the body. Transfer nutrients and oxygen to all cells of the body. Blood and its red color. Why does not all the blood flow out of a person when he is injured? Fearless defenders in human blood.

The brain is a control organ. Nervous system: brain and nerves. The function of the nervous system is the rapid and accurate transmission of control signals from the brain to the organs and informative information about the state of the organs to the brain. Brain and spinal cord. Nerves are the "wires" of the nervous system. Control of breathing, heartbeat, digestion of food. The hemispheres are the most important part of the human brain. Our feelings. Thinking. Endocrine glands and the production of hormones carried by the blood throughout the body. Hormone of fear and danger and its action.

Sense organs. The eyes are organs of vision. lens. Retina. Perception in the light and in the dark. Eye perception of movement. Eye protection. The nose is the organ of smell. The ear is the organ of hearing. The tongue is the organ of taste. The skin is the organ of touch. Balance organ. Pain is a danger signal. The specificity of sensitive cells and the lack of specificity of signal transmission along the nerves.

Reproduction is a property of living organisms. The embryo is the organ of the mother. Nutrition and respiration of the embryo. Birth. The dependence of the child on the mother. Man is not born, but made.

Injuries. Microbes are pathogens. Bacteria and viruses. What causes influenza and how is it transmitted? What is a cold? Why do measles, chickenpox and scarlet fever get sick once? Body protection. High temperature, its causes. Blood cells are microbial eaters. Vaccinations and their role in saving us from diseases. Medicine conquers terrible ailments. Diseases of modern society. Physical education is a necessary element of the culture of a civilized person.

The origin of man (2 hours) Ancestors of man - great apes and their features. Well developed hand, vision and complex brain. Bipedal locomotion, vertical posture of the body, release of the hands from the functions of locomotion, and a high-set head. Long period of childhood and learning. The basis of the survival of our ancestors is the prediction of the behavior of enemies and food objects in space and time and collective action. Man and his mind. Speech.

Primitive herd as a prototype of human society. Monkey people are the oldest people on our planet. Manufacturing of tools. The storage of tools and the manufacture of them for future use is the main prerequisite for the progress of technology. Use of fire and making fire. Collective hunting for large animals. Division of labor. Long-term education of children and their late maturation. Family origin. The emergence of a reasonable person.

Man-made nature (10 hours) Domestication and breeding of domestic animals, cultivation of cultivated plants. Breeds and varieties. artificial selection. Livestock and crop production, their role in the human economy. Plowing, crop rotation, fertilization, watering, the use of greenhouses and pesticides can increase the yield.

The invention of the lever and its use for making tools. Inclined plane and wheel and their application by man. Wedge, block, gate.

Water, its properties (takes the form of a vessel, buoyancy, fluidity, incompressibility, ability to dissolve). Changes in the properties of water during heating and cooling. Communicating vessels - plumbing device. Filtration. The device of the simplest steam engine, hydraulic press and jack.

Air, its composition and properties (expands when heated, conducts heat poorly, low density, elasticity). Balloon. Does air have buoyancy?

Rocks and minerals, their use by man. Properties of rocks and minerals (permanent shape, strength, hardness). Production of bricks, cement, concrete, glass. Precious and ornamental stones.

Metals, their properties (hardness, ductility, expand when heated, conduct heat and electricity), extraction and use. Bronze, iron and its alloys. Metal processing methods. The use of various metals.

Peat, coal, oil and natural gas - fossil fuels, their origin. Steam engine. Internal combustion engine, rocket engine.

electricity in nature. Human use of electricity. Magnets, their features.

Sound, its properties (sound pitch and its relation to vibration). Communication means and musical instruments. Light, its properties (propagation in a straight line, refraction, absorption).

Modern technologies at the service of man. Manufacture of synthetic materials. Artificial satellite and flight into space. The invention of computers, robots and lasers and their role in the life of modern man.

Appropriating economy of our ancestors. Manufacturing economy. Creation of an artificial ecosystem. Violation of the circulation of substances in the biosphere: the accumulation of production and life waste, environmental pollution. Our Earth is becoming more and more unexpected and alien to us. Ecological economy of the future man.

Repetition of the material covered - 5 hours.

Teacher's Choice Hours - 3 hours

4th grade. Section 2: "Man and mankind" (34 hours)

Man and his inner world (9 hours) Man is a child of nature and society. "Mowgli" is a person outside of human communication. Training and education in human development.

Basic personality traits. Character. Character traits as stable manifestations of personality.

Emotions. Expression of emotions. emotional states. Mood. Anxiety. Self-esteem - or how you see yourself. Self-evaluation and evaluation: you are about yourself, you are about others, others are about you.

Relations with and towards others: likes and dislikes. Communication and its types (verbal and non-verbal). Facial expressions - "facial expressions" and pantomime - "language of movements". Moral standards.

Man and Society (4 hours) Society as a relationship of people. Conflict. Causes and types of conflicts. Conflict resolution methods.

Rules of behavior of people in society. Conscience. Morality and law.

Circles of communication and social groups. Humanity is the largest social group.

Human rights in society. Crimes against the person. The rights of the child. Protection of the rights of the child.

A picture of the world history of mankind (6 hours) The world history of mankind is the emergence and changes of human society from the appearance of the first people to the present day. The picture of the world history of mankind is the change of several epochs - "times". The image of the development of society as an image of changes in technology, forms of society, moral rules.

The primitive world (1 million years - 5 thousand years ago) - the time of the appearance of man and his settlement on the planet. The ancient world (3 thousand BC - V century AD) - the time of the emergence of the first civilizations - societies of a new type. The Middle Ages (V-XV centuries) - the time of the change of some civilizations by others and the spread of the area of ​​civilizations around the planet. Modern times (XV-XIX centuries) - the era of the rapid development of European civilization, drastic changes in people's lives. Modern times (XX century) is the era of severe trials for mankind and the creation of the foundations of the world human (universal) civilization.

Man and the Many Faces of Mankind (5 hours) A single humanity consists of different races and different peoples of the Earth. Races of humanity. Peoples, their main differences. The nationality of a person. Human rights to develop their folk culture, equality of representatives of different races and peoples.

A single humanity consists of citizens of different states. The diversity of the states of the planet. Monarchies and republics. Democratic and non-democratic states. Human rights for participation in government, freedom of speech.

A single humanity consists of believers, adherents of different religions and atheists. Faith (the idea of ​​gods) and atheism (non-belief in God). The human right to freedom of conscience (choose any religion or be an atheist).

Religions of the world are religions that have spread to many peoples of the world and have become part of the world's universal culture.

Man and United Humanity (4 hours) The image of the "world economy", uniting all of humanity. Labor activity of a person. Property, income, wages. Exchange and money. The relationship of states and peoples of the planet in the field of production and trade.

Modern humanity is united by the common tasks of the development of culture and sports. Universal cultural achievements and values, the problem of their preservation and development. The modern Olympic movement, the significance for modern humanity. Almost all states of the planet are members of the United Nations. Tasks of the UN, principles of construction, practical work for the benefit of all mankind. One of the main documents of the UN is the Declaration of Human Rights.

All mankind is united by the global (universal) problems of our time, which threaten the very existence of mankind.

Generalizing repetition - 2 hours.

The path of mankind in the XXI century. The future depends on each of us!

Hours at the choice of the teacher - 4 hours.

VII. Thematic planning and main activities of students

VIII. Logistics of the educational process

Primary education differs significantly from all subsequent stages of education, during which systematic courses are studied. In this regard, the equipment of the educational process at this educational level has its own characteristics, determined both by the specifics of teaching and educating younger students in general, and by the specifics of the course "The World Around" in particular.

In elementary school, the foundations are laid for the subsequent study of systematic courses in physics, chemistry, biology, geography, history and social science. The course "The world around us" contains elementary, accessible to the perception of students of primary school age, information about living and inanimate nature; man, his biological nature and social essence; society, its history and culture. The main task of the course "The World around" in elementary school is the formation of a holistic picture of the natural and social world with all the diversity of its phenomena, the formation of an idea of ​​​​the place and role of a person in it, the development of an emotional and value attitude towards him. Therefore, the principle of visibility is one of the leading principles of teaching in elementary school, since it is visibility that underlies the formation of ideas about the objects of nature and culture of human society.

In this regard, the main role is played by teaching aids, including visual aids:

1. natural living aids- houseplants; animals kept in an aquarium or wildlife corner;
2. herbariums; collections of insects; wet preparations; stuffed animals and skeletons of representatives of various systematic groups; micropreparations;
3. collections of rocks, minerals, minerals;
4. pictorial visual aids– tables; dummies of the human torso and individual organs, etc.;
5. geographical and historical maps;
6. items, representing the life of a traditional and modern family, its economy, everyday, festive life and much more from the life of society.

Another visual aid is equipment for multimedia demonstrations (a computer, media projector, DVD projector, video recorder etc.) and means of fixing the surrounding world (photo and video camera). It thanks to the Internet and a single collection of digital educational resources (for example, http://school-collection.edu.ru/) allows you to provide a visual image to the vast majority of the topics of the course "The World Around".

The use of a variety of teaching aids in their combination allows you to form the correct ideas about the objects being studied - their size, shape, color; about the significance of phenomena and events in the historical and cultural life of the country and the world, etc.

Along with the principle of visibility in the study of the course "The world around us" in elementary school, the principle of objectivity plays an important role, according to which students perform various actions with the objects being studied. In the course of such activities, practical skills are formed in schoolchildren, and conscious assimilation of the material being studied is ensured.

The course "The World around" provides for a significant number of laboratory and practical work that simulates the phenomena of the natural and social world. Proceeding from this, the second important requirement for the equipment of the educational process in elementary school when studying the world around us is that among the teaching aids must be presented cutlery, utensils, tools for practical work, as well as a variety of handouts.

Handout for practical and laboratory work should include herbariums, seeds and fruits of plants, collections of minerals and minerals, bones, fish scales, bird feathers, various artifacts of the world of culture, etc.

In the course of studying the course "The world around us", younger students at an accessible level master methods of knowledge of nature and society, including observation, measurement, experiment. To do this, the educational process must be equipped with the necessary measuring instruments: scales, thermometers, centimeter rulers, beakers.

In primary school, students begin to form cognitive interests, cognitive motivation. At this age, the majority of schoolchildren expressed interest in studying nature, their own organism, human relationships, therefore, the study of the course "The World Around", saturated with information about animate and inanimate nature, the human body, its inner world, various aspects of social life, should stimulate the formation of a sustainable cognitive interest, its further development. This is largely facilitated by the activity, practice-oriented nature of the content of the course "The World Around", as well as the use of various teaching aids in the course of its study. They are primarily a set of encyclopedias for younger students, allowing you to organize the search for information of interest to children. In addition, an important role belongs to the excursions provided for by the program of the course "The World Around", therefore, the equipment of the educational process, if possible, should include excursion equipment, including folding magnifiers, compasses, binoculars, garden scoops, tape measures etc. For class excursions, it is useful to have a set of popular illustrated guides to natural objects(minerals, plants, animals, etc.). To visit local history, art, ethnographic, memorial museums, it is important to have special guidebooks designed for interactive tours of a particular exposition.

IX. OBZh in the course "The world around"

Within the framework of the basic plan of the 2004 standard, material on life safety is included in other subjects, in particular, in the World around (mostly). Since it is included in the minimum of content, it is automatically studied within the framework of the subject "The World Around" itself. However, there are ongoing local attempts in various regions to isolate the content of life safety and to force teachers to do double planning. From the point of view of the Federal Center, this is not required, but the region has the right to independence. As a result, for example, in the new methodological recommendations for preschoolers, we made a double thematic planning: on OM and OBZH.

This article presents material for grade 3 students, for whom the world around them is provided in the form of simplified ecosystem models. The concept of a society of people, its structure and significance in the life of every person is also considered. Using simple examples, the process of explaining the world around is going on. This is the main task of this material.

The concept of ecosystems

In order for a 3rd grade student to better understand what the planet Earth is, it is necessary to clearly demonstrate a globe model. Our planet has an outer shell called the atmosphere. All living organisms on Earth breathe atmospheric air. The atmosphere protects the Earth from overheating, from cosmic rays.

The earth has a water shell - this is the hydrosphere. The hydrosphere is formed by underwater waters, rivers, seas, oceans of the globe.

The lithosphere forms the solid shell of the Earth. Land, mountains, earth belong to the lithosphere.

All living organisms that live on Earth live in the biosphere. The biosphere is on the border of all other three spheres.

All living organisms on Earth live in the air, water and terrestrial environment. In order for the cycle of substances in nature not to stop, all living organisms cannot do without each other. All organisms according to their functions (or you can still compare the functions of organisms with professions) are divided into producers, consumers and destroyers. Producers are plants and trees, consumers are basically all animals, but bacteria, fungi and worms are classified as destroyers. Producers, consumers and destroyers cannot live on Earth without air, water, soil and rocks. Consequently, all the above listed elements can be divided into two large groups: living and inanimate nature. Thus, it is possible to imagine the surrounding world - it is living and inanimate nature.

The concept of society. Its structure

For a 3rd grade student, to define the concept of society, one should cite as an example his own family, which (for the most part) consists of members: father, mother, grandmother, grandfather, brothers, sisters. The family (a group of people) is the elementary or basic unit of society. All members of society interact with each other. Thus, society is also the surrounding world. The whole society rests on four components. These components are parliament, hospital, church, prison. The surrounding world is a certain structure that was formed in ancient times, and its foundation has been preserved to this day.

Concept of economy

Let's highlight those things that a person needs for life. These things are called needs. What can we attribute to human needs? This is the need for food, for rest, for clothes, for work, for maintaining health, for transport, for safety. This list can be continued for a long time. The needs of mankind are different in purpose and meaning.

Needs can be cognitive (theater, books, television), physiological (hunger, sleep), material (apartment, computer, car, cottage). Nature gives us a lot - it is the warmth of the sun, air, water, the harvest of the earth. And love, communication, friendship - this is all we get by communicating with each other. And all material goods - this is what cannot be in nature (houses, cars, clothes) - gives us the economy. Translated from Greek - "housekeeping". In such a simple explanation for 3rd grade students, the world around will look simple and clear.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to say that, despite the scale and complexity, the world around us is a rather fragile structure, and it is the main task of adults to children to appreciate, and most importantly, protect it for future generations. But at the same time, at the stage of training, the younger generation needs to form an appropriate system of values.

In my opinion, the concept of "world around" is quite multifaceted, and each represents it differently. As for me, I consider the world that surrounds us interesting and surprising, and I am happy that I live in it.

The world that surrounds us

What is the environment? For one person it will space, which directly surrounds it, and for the other - Universe. In simple terms, this is all that is around us:

• everything that is created by mankind;
• nature;
• inanimate nature.

However, the world is not only amazing, it is more amazing than we can imagine. There is a huge number of animals, phenomena and plants, the existence of which most people do not even suspect.

Amazing in the world

Lives in Madagascar amazing primate - rukonopozhka. Due to her slightly strange appearance, the locals are very wary of her. Their beliefs associate this animal with evil spirits and evil spirits. There is a sign that if you meet this animal, then death will inevitably overtake within a year.

One of the most mysterious phenomena creeping stones found at the bottom of a dry lake in the United States. The movement of stones without outside help is beyond doubt, however, no one saw how this happens - they move once every few years. Scientists suggest that this is possible due to changes in temperature.

coconut crab is rightfully considered the largest representative of crustaceans - its length often reaches 35 centimeters. He lives on land, in burrows, where he arranges for himself a soft "bed" made of coconut palm leaves.

The most amazing tree on the planet - baobab. The unique ability of this tree is survivability: if you remove the bark, then a new one will grow in the shortest possible time. The thickness of the trunk often reaches 10 meters and wood absorbs moisture like a sponge. It is believed that the tree is able to live for thousands of years, but in fact it is impossible to confirm - no annual rings.

Ant Panda has absolutely nothing to do with a spotted bear other than appearance. Actually, it's not even an ant, and the German wasp, sometimes called the "velvet ant" due to the many hairs that cover its body. Like any other wasp, this "ant" may well sting and the discomfort will last for several hours.