Dear Guys!
Have you ever thought about how boring, gray and uninteresting our life would become if music suddenly disappeared from it? The bugle and drum in the pioneer squad would disappear, all musical theaters, all choirs and all orchestras would disappear, music would cease to sound on radio and television, from movie screens and from gramophone records.
Music is one of the most amazing miracles created by man. Indeed, is it not a miracle that a small song is capable of evoking boundless joy in a huge mass of people or plunging them into a state of boundless sorrow, raising the fighting spirit of soldiers and multiplying the strength of people working in the field tenfold, invigorating tourists who are tired on a campaign and calm a baby! Isn't it a miracle? And how else, if not a miracle, can we call a symphony in which a hundred different instruments merge their dissimilar voices into such a whole and harmonious sound, as if it were the sound of one hundred-voiced instrument? And opera is an amazing art that combines music, literature, painting, choreography, and theatrical and acting skills... Isn't it a miracle - beautiful and fascinating!..
Remember how the call of the pioneer bugle sounds in the mornings at a summer camp. No other sounds could replace this exciting sound of the bugle, its melody-signal not only wakes up the pioneers, but immediately fills them with joyful cheerfulness. Isn't this a small miracle?
And what then will have to be said about the best works of great composers, amazing hearts and souls of a great many people in all parts of the globe! Many of you have probably heard more than once how V. I. Lenin expressed his attitude to one of the most remarkable works of the great Beethoven, to his piano sonata, known as the Appassionata: “Amazing, inhuman music. I always proudly, perhaps naively, think: these are the miracles people can do!” You see, that's what Vladimir Ilyich said - "what miracles."
The most important miracle, I think, is that without music - a very ancient art, not a single people on earth could live, that music enters a person’s life from his earliest childhood and a person does not part with it until his last days. True, our early musical impressions are most often limited to the simplest types of music - song, march and dance. But how much beautiful music is contained in these simple, sometimes very small and unpretentious compositions!
We love music for the beauty that it brings into our lives, for the fact that we hear in it the feelings of a person and his thoughts, dreams and actions, we hear everything that not only individual people live by, but entire nations, all of humanity. We feel in music not only the world in which people lived before us, but, as if in a wonderful mirror, we recognize ourselves, our life.
There are people who think that music is only for light entertainment. Of all the riches of musical art, such people choose for themselves only the lightest, most entertaining, which does not cause either serious thought or deep emotional experiences. Dance, jazz, pop song - these are the limits of the musical world of such people. Of course, we also need such music, just as we need a joke, a smile, a fun holiday. In addition, such music is also good and exciting. But imagine a person whose life would consist only of jokes, smiles, relaxation...
The wonderful teacher and educator N. K. Krupskaya very wisely and accurately explained why a person needs art (and therefore music) from the earliest school years. Art, she said, teaches us to "think clearer and feel deeper." This is where entertaining music alone is indispensable. First of all, the creations of great masters and, of course, the deepest foundation of musical art - can teach us to think more clearly and feel more deeply, understand and appreciate beauty. folk song.
Never before, it seems, no one asked: how to learn to understand, how to love a song, march or dance? When love for this music and its understanding comes to us, we do not even notice. But guys often ask about how to fall in love and how to learn to understand more complex music. And sometimes they say this: “I really love songs. But when I hear serious music, I get bored. The one who says so is wrong. After all, many songs also belong to serious music. Isn't "Song of Troubled Youth", "Buchenwald Alarm" or "Hymn of the Democratic Youth of the World" serious music?
“Serious” music is most often called music without singing - music for different instruments, especially for a symphony orchestra. But among the children's favorite pieces of music, in the first place, it seems, are "Dance of the Little Swans" and "Neapolitan Song" by Tchaikovsky, written for a symphony orchestra, and "Turkish March" by Mozart, written for piano! And these pieces belong to the real serious music. Why do they obey so easily and enjoy such love even among quite inexperienced listeners? Because these plays are easy. But not only for this reason. Also because these plays are based on the very song, dance, march which we are accustomed to from childhood. It is they who become bridges through which it is easier to move into the world of complex music.
Do not be surprised and do not be upset if large and complex compositions do not immediately seem understandable and interesting to you. After all, big and serious books like "War and Peace" by L. N. Tolstoy become understandable and interesting for you, too, not in childhood, but already in adolescence. The time will come when you will appreciate all the amazing power and depth of the symphonies of Beethoven and Tchaikovsky, the sonatas of Chopin and Prokofiev! In the meantime, listen carefully to the music of small and uncomplicated compositions. Such compositions, combined with sensible explanations that will help you understand the music, are performed in television and radio programs for children, in concerts, and recorded on gramophone records. Those works that interest you, try to listen several times, carefully listening to them. And remember: how many years have you been learning to read, understand and love books? And in order to learn to listen, love and understand music, it also takes time. The day will approach imperceptibly when you will say: “I can’t imagine life without serious music!”
Believe me, if you pass by Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, past Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky and Prokofiev - these great musicians will not become smaller or worse, but you yourself will lose a lot. After all, music, like a good book, can become your kind and wise teacher, your true friend who will never let you down.
“I would like to live like a human being, broadly and comprehensively. I so would like to know the beauty in nature, in people, in their creations, to admire them, to improve myself, because beauty and goodness are two sisters. I think many will be surprised to learn that these words were written in solitary confinement in the tsarist prison by the staunch revolutionary Felix Dzerzhinsky.
Remember how in 1970 the entire cultural world celebrated the 200th anniversary of the birth of Beethoven and how, in the finale of his Ninth Symphony, in this grandiose "Ode to Joy", he again and again turned to humanity with an appeal to merge in brotherly friendship: "Hug , millions!” And now think about the amazing words written by Dzerzhinsky from the same prison and dedicated to his newborn son: “When he grows up, life will sharpen his eyesight and hearing even more and expand his sense of love for people, and he will really merge with millions, understand them, and their song will become his song, and he will be imbued with the music of this song and understand, realize the true beauty and happiness of a person.
Such words cannot but excite and make you think about many things. Indeed, in these words, music, poetry, politics, and a whole worldview merged together! And what a rich content lies behind the simple words of G. V. Chicherin, one of the first People's Commissars for Foreign Affairs of young Soviet Russia, also known as the author of one of the best books about Mozart in all world literature: “I had a revolution and Mozart ... »
The desire for beauty as goodness, the unification of these two concepts - aesthetics and ethics - was one of the most characteristic features of Russian revolutionaries. This feature can be called Lenin's, because no one appreciated the role of art in the revolutionary reorganization of the world as highly as Lenin, who understood that without aesthetics, without art, it is difficult to solve many ethical and moral problems. Therefore, the words “beauty and goodness”, “beauty and happiness of a person”, “revolution and Mozart” merge so naturally in the above statements.
Love music, my dear friends!
The point is (is) that...
The point is (is) that ... CASE, -a, pl. deeds, deeds, deeds, cf.
Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949-1992 .
See what "The point is (is) that ..." in other dictionaries:
CASE, a, pl. deeds, deeds, deeds, cf. 1. Work, occupation, activity. Busy with important work. Habitual d. Current affairs. Be idle. For service. 2. whom (what). terms of reference; that which is directly related to whom n. is included in whose n. tasks … Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
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Request examples: honest, prof*es*or, windy, etc.
Appendix 2. Introductory words and combinations
PUNCTUATION FOR INTRODUCTORY WORDS AND COMBINATIONS
Introductory words are words that are not formally related to the members of the sentence, are not members of the sentence and express the attitude to the reported or its characteristics. From a grammatical point of view, introductory words are represented by various verb forms (personal forms, infinitives, adverbs), nouns and pronouns (with and without prepositions), adverbs, nominal and verbal phraseological units.
Introductory words and combinations of words are highlighted (or separated) by commas. However, it is necessary to draw the reader's attention to two difficulties associated with punctuation in introductory words.
The first difficulty lies in the fact that among the introductory words and combinations there are very few that are used only as introductory and, therefore, are always isolated (for example, firstly, I think, if I may say so). In most cases, the same words can be used both as introductory and as members of a sentence (as a rule, predicates or circumstances) or auxiliary words (unions, particles). The differences between them show up in context. Examples of punctuation for words and combinations that can be used or are always used in the function of introductory words are given in the corresponding articles of the reference book.
The second difficulty is that the punctuation of words that are introductory also depends on their environment. The main rules and patterns that are not commented on in the dictionary entries are given below.
1. Meeting of two introductory words
When two introductory words (introductory combinations, sentences) meet, a comma is placed between them.
He, unfortunately, as you see, not bad-looking, that is, ruddy, smooth, tall ... I. Goncharov, Ordinary history. As a matter of fact, honestly speaking , I want love, or what, or - what is it called there? V. Veresaev, Sisters. And here, like a sin, as if on purpose, Uncle Misha arrives. A. Rybakov, Heavy sand. Actually , strictly speaking, in this situation, you should simply wake up. A. and B. Strugatsky, A billion years before the end of the world. ...This visit took the whole evening and completely destroyed the feeling of loneliness so beloved by him. Finally, maybe, and it's good that it destroyed ... V. Bykov, Poor people.
2. Introductory word and isolated turnover
An introductory word or combination can be at the beginning or at the end of a separate member of a sentence, and also be inside it. Punctuation marks in these cases are put as follows:
A) If the introductory word is at the beginning of a separate turnover, commas are placed before the introductory word and after the entire segregated turnover. No comma after the introductory word(in other words, the comma, which was supposed to “close” the introductory word, is transferred to the end of a separate turnover).
Little by little, everyone joins their company who have completed rather important homework, such as: talking with their doctor about the weather and about a small pimple that jumped up on their nose, learning about the health of horses and their children, however showing great gifts... N. Gogol, Nevsky Prospekt. ... Vera Nikolaevna experienced before her master - in general, not at all like Ivan the Terrible - a thrill in love, maybe even the worship of a loyal. V. Kataev, Grass of oblivion. I also used to write down my thoughts on anything, especially on cigarette boxes. K. Paustovsky, Golden Rose. ... Concerning the gold that Cagliostro mined without any labor from all other metals, e.g. copper, turning them into gold with the touch of his hands, Stroganov also had a low opinion. Y. Tynyanov, Citizen Ocher.
B) If the introductory word is inside a separate turnover, it separated by commas on both sides, while the signs at the beginning and at the end of a separate turnover are preserved.
Overwhelmed by these bitter thoughts, not quite, however, fair and inspired by Anikanov’s letter that excited him, Travkin went out of the barn into the cold dawn. E. Kazakevich, Star. This is my essay - or rather a lecture- has neither a definite form nor a chronological structure, which I do not recognize ... V. Kataev, My Diamond Crown.
C) If the introductory word is at the end of a separate turnover, commas are placed before separate turnover and after him. No comma is placed before the introductory word.
And instead of a speck ahead, another road appeared, that is, not exactly a road, an earth scratch, groove rather. V. Astafiev, So I want to live. For the holidays we decided to go somewhere, to Kyiv for example.
Note 1. If the turnover is enclosed in brackets, then the introductory word at its beginning or end is separated by a comma according to the general rule: He was a Kazakh with an almost Russian surname and a Russian (seems to be initial) education. Y. Dombrovsky, Keeper of Antiquities. Two are alive (as long as their bill is extended), // the third (extra, probably) buried in paradise... B. Okudzhava, The black raven will look through the white cloud ... At one time I even had a weakness (or courage maybe) to think in my mind how I would take it on, if yes, if only ... V. Nabokov, Dar.
Note 2. Introductory words before phrases that begin with the unions “how” and “to” are distinguished by commas according to the general rule: The day she lived seemed meaningless to her, in essence, as and all life. He thought for a moment probably to pick the right words.
Note 3. Some sources indicate that introductory words rather, more exactly giving the statement a clarifying character are separated by commas, while the members of the sentence following them are not separated. Such punctuation is indeed possible: But you boy rather I owe something to your name. L. Kassil, Get ready, Your Highness! And in front of Tanya's door, rather, the floor below crowded the line of congratulators. S. Soloveichik, Team "Seven Winds". I roll from side to side rather, from the stomach to the back and think ... About what? Yes, all about the same... V. Nekrasov, Look and Something. Outside the window, Leonid knew, there is a withered branch of an old poplar, and attached to it, more precisely, a “glass” of radio wiring is screwed into it. V. Astafiev, Sad Detective.
However, in examples from fiction, a different arrangement of punctuation marks is often found: clarifying sentence members introduced by words rather, more exactly are isolated, and these words themselves, standing at the beginning of a separate turnover, in accordance with the general rule, are not separated from it by a comma (but sometimes they can be separated by a dash): Unfortunately, doctors still have little ability to recognize hysterical, rather mental, the nature of a number of diseases. I. Efremov, Razor's Edge. A whole series of characters rather opinion carriers, seems to me possible to be embodied in the characters of the modern Soviet-human comedy. Y. Olesha, The Book of Farewell. partisan leader, more precisely, the commander of the Kezhemsky association of partisans of the Trans-Urals, sat in front of the speaker's nose in a defiantly casual pose ... B. Pasternak, Doctor Zhivago. ... The she-wolf suddenly clearly heard in herself, more specifically inside the womb, live jolts. Ch. Aitmatov, Scaffold. Analyze the past rather – bad things in the past, makes sense only if, on the basis of this analysis, it is possible to correct the present or prepare the future. V. Nekrasov, In the trenches of Stalingrad. I want to write easy, not difficult. The difficult thing is when you write thinking that someone will read it. syntax branch, rather – rod of syntax, threatens you all the time. Y. Olesha, The Book of Farewell.
3. Introductory word and union
Introductory words and combinations may or may not be separated by a comma from the preceding coordinating conjunction, depending on the context.
Comma after union put, if the introductory word can be omitted or rearranged to another place in the sentence without violating its structure.
I only learned that he had once been a coachman for an old childless lady, ran away with a trio of horses entrusted to him, disappeared for a whole year and, should be, being convinced in practice of the disadvantages and disasters of a wandering life, he returned himself, but already lame ... I. Turgenev, Singers. However, Volodya, seeing how difficult it was for the boy, did not swear at all, a, vice versa said something encouraging. Y. Vizbor, Alternative to the summit Klyuch . Before leaving, I took out a list from under the glass and, with extreme pressure, blacked out the word "Volobuy" with my rainbow pen. I decided on this because it was shaggy with paper villi and, means, it was already scratched before me with a claw ... K. Vorobyov, Here comes the giant. She suffered for a very long time after separation, but, as is known time heals all wounds.
If the withdrawal of the introductory word is impossible (i.e., the union is included in the introductory construction, forming a single combination with it), then the comma after the union not put(usually this happens with the union a).
“You don’t interfere with me at all,” he objected, “if you please, shoot, but by the way, as you please; your shot is yours; I am always at your service." A. Pushkin, Shot. You, it seems, then loved the Portuguese, // Maybe, with the Malay you are gone. A. Vertinsky, Where are you now ... The grass in our clearing, yellowed and smoky, nevertheless remained alive and soft; it's better to say, lost guys. V. Rasputin, French Lessons. Whether gas appears randomly or not, whether it is associated with cyclones, which means whether it is possible to predict on this basis - the question needs to be clarified. A. Gladilin, Forecast for tomorrow.
The introductory word is usually not separated by a punctuation mark from the joining union at the beginning of the sentence.
And in fact , for these four years, while serving in the gymnasium, I feel how strength and youth come out of me every day, drop by drop. A. Chekhov, Three sisters. “No, life is still wise, and one must obey its laws,” he said thoughtfully. - And besides, life is Beautiful". A. Kuprin, Lenochka. And generally speaking , now, when he was a little distracted from the thought of the loss of the violin and began to consider what exactly was stolen from him from personal belongings, household property, some kind of shy awkwardness appeared in him ... A. and G. Weiner, Visit to the Minotaur. On the second floor there was a soft carpet in the corridor, and Dmitry Alekseevich felt the closeness of his superiors. And indeed, he immediately saw a plate of thick glass: "Director". V. Dudintsev, Not by Bread Alone. In 1925, he seemed to still have some time left. Yes, besides, he has already done something worthwhile. D. Granin, Bison.
Note. When the intonation highlights the introductory word, it can be separated by a comma from the union: But , to my great annoyance, Shvabrin, usually condescending, decisively announced that my song was not good. A. Pushkin, Captain's daughter.
4. Introductory word on the border of homogeneous members or parts of a complex sentence
Introductory words and combinations standing on the border of homogeneous members or parts of a complex sentence and related to the word or sentence following them are not separated from it by a comma: There was a sharp knock the shutter must have broken. A. Chekhov, The Bride. (Compare: There was a sharp knock. Must be, the shutter broke.)
introductory sentences have meanings close to the meanings of introductory words and combinations. They are distinguished by commas, or, much less often, by a dash: led me as they said in the old days, the mysterious power of predestination. V. Kataev, Holy well. Now,as befitting real state, Shvambrania had to acquire a history. L. Kassil, Konduit and Shvambrania. how it is customary to say in newspaper reports, "its walls have seen" many famous people. K. Paustovsky, Golden Rose. ... Sitting here under fear of death and - what's worse- in pouring rain. E. Kazakevich, Star.
Occasionally in fiction there are examples of emphasizing dashes and introductory words: Gladyshev looked at his interlocutor and suddenly realized: “But you, Vanya, probably don’t know that man descended from a monkey.” - " As for me- even from a cow, ”said Chonkin. V. Voinovich, Life and Extraordinary Adventures of a Soldier Ivan Chonkin.
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They say that how many people - so many opinions. In fact, everything is somewhat different, and many of our actions and thoughts are very similar. Psychologists know that the reason is in our own mind, which dictates this or that behavior.
website will tell you about several psychological effects that make us do certain things.
"The world is divided into good and bad"
"Everything in the world is divided only into black and white, there are no halftones, and every day everything gets worse." If such a thought visits you more and more often, then you have become a hostage to black and white thinking.
We begin to evaluate situations or someone's actions with only two categories: good and bad. For example, a student whose term paper was "wrapped" by a teacher begins to consider him a person who is negatively disposed towards himself. At the same time, the student does not take into account the positive assessment of his previous work and transfers the teacher's attitude to the "rejected" coursework to the attitude towards himself.
"Tell me what your profession is and I will tell you what you are"
Often we transfer knowledge about the representatives of a particular profession to the attitude towards a particular person.
For example, we are introduced to a doctor from England. There are two stereotypes in our head: all the British love tea, and all the doctors in the world have disgusting handwriting. Therefore, we have a tea lover who should hardly be asked to write down important information. The effect is enhanced if we have previously met Englishmen drinking one cup of tea after another, or doctors with illegible handwriting.
"I can change the course of events"
In 1975, the American psychologist Ellen Lagner conducted experiment. Two groups of people were given lottery tickets. The members of the first group had the opportunity to choose a ticket from several proposed ones, and those who were in the second group were given them. After 2 days, all subjects were asked to exchange tickets for those with a higher probability of winning than those previously issued. It turned out that the members of the first group were much less likely to agree to the exchange, as if their personal choice had an impact on winning or losing the lottery.
This effect is called the illusion of control. It seems to us that personal involvement in an event significantly affects its positive outcome. It would seem that the effect is rather harmless, but in the hands of a skilled manipulator, it makes it possible to control people, achieving personal goals.
"He sees right through me"
We think that our ability to understand others, and others to understand us, is much better than it actually is.
For example, if we tell a lie and the tips of our ears turn red, we assume that the interlocutor will certainly notice this and catch us in a lie. However, even if by some miracle a counterpart notices a change in the color of the ears, this does not mean at all that he will regard this as a sign of deception on our part.
“Horoscopes pretty accurately describe my character”
Often, when reading the horoscope of our zodiac sign, we find in it an accurate description of ourselves. In fact, all the characteristics given in the horoscope, equally suitable for everyone and not suitable for anyone for one simple reason: they there is nothing concrete. This interesting effect bears the name of the American showman Barnum, who became famous for his psychological manipulations.
"I urgently need these things"
Few of us can resist an 80% discount on any product, especially if this offer is limited to a short time frame. In an effort to get a thing with an unthinkable discount as soon as possible, we do not leave ourselves time to think, but strive to the seller and immediately buy. And only then, when the goods have already been delivered to the house or at the exit from the shopping center, we cannot understand for what purpose they purchased it.
This effect, which marketers are well aware of, is called the principle of scarcity. According to this principle, described by the psychologist Robert Ciardini, limited supply makes the product more attractive. That is, the more difficult it is to get this or that thing, the more valuable and necessary it seems to us. a person who agrees to a small request subsequently agrees to more and more burdensome requirements. So, for example, if a work colleague once asked to issue a document for him and we agreed, most likely we will have to fulfill such requests more and more often.
It is quite simple to explain this: a person who agrees to small and seemingly meaningless concessions begins to feel socially significant and necessary, which positively affects his self-esteem. In an effort to maintain this feeling, we agree to fulfill more and more "weighty" requests.
The relevance of the topic "Organization of the credit process in a commercial bank" lies in the fact that without the dynamic development of credit relations in a state that has switched to a market economy, it is impossible to ensure its harmonious and effective development. For legal entities, the need for credit funds is caused, first of all, by the fact that during the circulation of capital, the need for additional cash injections almost continuously appears, which is almost impossible to implement without resorting to a loan.
Particularly relevant in modern conditions is short-term lending to enterprises, since this form of credit is the most real to receive and is in demand among economic entities. Often, short-term loans are issued due to a lack of working capital associated with the expansion of the enterprise's production, which increases the socio-economic role of a short-term loan as a source of increasing the country's gross national product and the standard of living of the population.
The lending process helps to develop the potential of production, accelerates the formation of fixed assets and makes the reproduction process more dynamic. It should also be noted that without borrowed funds it is impossible not only to develop existing enterprises, but also the formation and development of new organizations.
The reason for the need for borrowed funds from organizations can be identified as the circulation of capital, namely its features. Namely, the continuous formation of cash reserves, different turnover of funds in the production process, the permanent interaction of non-cash and cash payments. In the production cycle, there is a constant release of funds in some production segments, combined with a growing need for them in others.
The purpose of the work is to analyze the lending process and the procedures that make up this process, as well as consider possible ways to improve this process. In the process of achieving the goal, the following tasks should be considered:
To study the theoretical aspects of the lending process in commercial banks, namely, the characteristics, economic essence, classification and monitoring of lending;
Consider the organization of lending policy in the Russian Federation;
To study the analysis of the credit process in JSC "SKB-Bank";
Outline the ways of developing the system of lending to customers in SKB-Bank OJSC in the current economic situation.
Analysis of the main stages of the organization of the credit process in OJSC "SKB-bank"
Bank's claim to the borrower.
1. General requirements for the borrower
1.1 Any capable citizen of the Russian Federation can be a borrower and mortgagor
over the age of 18, who will be no more than 65 years old by the time the loan expires.
1.2 The Borrower must have, as of the date of the PRS check and signing of the loan agreement, permanent or temporary registration in the city, locality where the Bank's sales office is located or operates, in which there is a full-time PRS employee.
1.3 A break between registrations is allowed no more than 3 (three) calendar months.
1.4 The total number of Borrowers meeting the requirements of this Appendix and acting under one loan agreement cannot exceed 3 (three) people. Persons acting on the side of the Borrower shall be jointly and severally liable under the Loan Agreement.
1.5 Minors, incapacitated (limited capable), citizens cannot act as a Borrower under a loan agreement, but only as Pledgors of the acquired residential premises.
1.6 Acquisition of residential premises using the funds of a mortgage loan owned by Associates and/or Family Members of the Borrower/Pledgor, including those who have reached the age of eighteen, is not allowed.
2. Work experience requirements
2.1 The Borrower must have a permanent place of work - at least 6 (six) months at the last workplace in the same or another city / locality (region, republic) where he is located.
2.2 The term of activity of the organization - the employer of the Borrower must be at least 1 year.
2.3 The length of service is considered continuous in the event of termination of the employment contract and the conclusion of a new one with the same employer, if a new employment contract is concluded within 3 working days from the date of dismissal / transfer, subject to acceptance / transfer to work without demotion.
2.4 If the Borrower is an individual entrepreneur, it is necessary to confirm stable income from business activities for at least 12 months, as well as to carry out income-generating business activities for at least two full years, while the income from business activities carried out by the Borrowers should not exceed 50 percent of the total income of the Borrower.
3. Requirements for borrowers
3.1 If, under the terms of the mortgage transaction, the Borrower is the Pledgor of the subject of mortgage and is married, then his spouse also owes the Borrower and the Pledgor under such a mortgage transaction, regardless of whether the spouse has a source of income.
3.2 Along with the Borrower, the loan agreement must include as Borrowers persons who, as a result of the transaction for the acquisition of housing, which will be the subject of mortgage, will be its owners.
3.3 A male person under the age of 27 may act as a Borrower in the absence of documents confirming a deferment from military service until the age of 27 or dismissal from military service with enlistment in the reserve, subject to the involvement of an additional Borrower. The assessment of the Borrower's solvency in this case is made without taking into account the income and expenses of the person subject to conscription.
3.4 In the absence of a military ID or documents confirming the deferment from military service until the age of 27, it is necessary to provide a Co-Borrower who is not subject to conscription for military service and has a confirmed income. A deferral granted to the Borrower due to:
Availability of an employment agreement/contract of the Borrower with an organization/department, for the period of service in which a deferment from conscription for military service is provided in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
Obtaining postgraduate professional education by the Borrower in full-time education;
Recognition of a citizen temporarily unfit for service for health reasons;
Full-time education in institutions of primary, secondary, higher education.
According to clause 3.4 of this Appendix, a Borrower without the involvement of a Co-Borrower may be a male person under the age of 27 who has a military ID, regardless of the category of fitness for military service indicated in it.
If one of the spouses was refused due to a refusal that belongs to the list of non-critical refusals, then in order to exclude the spouse from the number of participants in the transaction, the provision of a mortgage loan is possible subject to the conclusion of a marriage contract.
Loan applications for which the reason for refusal belongs to the list of critical refusals can be re-entered in the Credit From IS and are considered one year after the date of refusal on the application.
If there are deviations from the requirements of the Bank regarding the spouse, the loan may be granted subject to the conclusion of a marriage contract as a suspensive condition.
4. Other requirements for the borrower and documents
4.1 Information about the Borrower must not be included in the List of Extremists.
4.2 The Borrower must not be a person suspected of being involved in terrorist activities.
4.3 The signing of the loan agreement, mortgage, application payment schedule must be carried out personally by the Borrower/Co-Borrower/Pledgor.
4.4 If the marriage contract provides for the assignment of responsibility for the fulfillment of obligations under the loan agreement to both spouses, but only one is the mortgagor, then the following wording is recommended in the text “The obligation for a mortgage loan in accordance with the loan agreement dated No. in full is an obligation husband and wife. The owner and pledger is (one of the spouses is indicated).
4.5 The Bank has the right to request additional documents and carry out additional procedures for underwriting the payment; you must provide a copy of the certificate for maternity capital, or a certificate / certificate for a participant in the federal / regional / regional subsidy program.
5. Assessment of solvency and income of the borrower
5.1 The solvency of the Borrower working for hire is calculated taking into account the income of the Borrower indicated in the submitted documents on income from the last place of work for the last 6 (six) calendar months.
5.2 The list of documents confirming the income and employment of the Borrower is reflected in Appendix No. 3.1 of this Procedure.
5.3 As income under this Procedure, any types of pensions assigned to the Borrower for life, or for a period not less than the term of the loan, can be taken into account.
5.4 Servicemen are understood as servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the State Fire Service of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Recent Natural Disasters.
5.5 The provision of credit to military personnel serving in military service in "hot" spots is not carried out.
6. Stages of the mortgage loan process
6.1 Stage 1. Consultation and acceptance of documents of the Borrower.
6.1.1 The conditions for granting mortgage loans to individuals are reflected in Appendix No. 1 to this Procedure.
6.1.2 The income and solvency requirements of the Borrower are established by Regulation No. 12 743 and Appendix No. 3.1 to this Procedure.
6.2 Stage 2 Entering the credit application data into the ABS.
6.2.1 The Client Manager registers the Client's application in the application accounting system in accordance with Regulation No. 12 743.
Brief description of the credit process for credit products.
First stage. Client acquisition and pre-qualification. The participants of the credit process are - a client manager, a financial consultant, an agent, a partner. The purpose of the stage is:
Identification of stop factors and the Client's belonging to a Small Business;
Filling out the Client's Application Form;
Identification of the Participants of the transaction and their preliminary check;
Distribution of applications between Credit managers;
Agreeing with the Client on the preconditions for a credit transaction and determining the Participants in the transaction.
Second phase. Consideration of a loan application. The participants of the credit process are the Business Assistance Service, the credit manager, the authorized person of the organization of the credit process, the MB underwriter. The purpose of the stage is:
Preliminary check of the Participants of the transaction for the presence of negative information;
Departure to the place of doing business, collecting documents, filling out a questionnaire;
Filling out forms;
Control over the provision of the necessary set of documents by the Client and its compliance with the information;
Determination of the possibility and conditions for the provision of a loan product, assessment of credit risks.
Third stage. Deciding on the provision of a loan product. The participants of the credit process are the MB underwriter, the collective body, the risk management service. The purpose of the stage is:
Approval of the draft decision on the provision of the Loan Product.
Fourth stage. Making a deal. Participants - a client manager, a credit manager, specialists in the administration of credit operations, an authorized person of the organization of the credit process, a credit manager. The purpose of this stage is:
Communication to the client about the decision;
Registration of the transaction agreement in accordance with the decision made;
Verification of compliance of the prepared agreements with the adopted decision and endorsement of a set of agreements on a credit transaction;
Signing an agreement on a credit transaction by the Participants of the transaction;
Checking the compliance of signatures and seals on loan agreements, a card with sample signatures and seals;
Signing of the agreement by the Bank.
Fifth stage. Resource funding. Participants – Loan Administration/Treasury Purpose – Funding of resources.
Sixth stage. Issuance of a loan product. The participants of the credit process are specialists in the administration of credit operations, the service of settlement and cash services, and the service of operational support.
Seventh stage. Monitoring the fulfillment of obligations under a credit transaction. Participants – loan administration service, operational support service. The purpose of this stage is:
Control over the repayment of obligations under the Loan Agreement;
Monitoring the fulfillment of other obligations under a credit transaction;
Monitoring of credit risks, control of the quality category of loans;
Control of the subject of collateral, revaluation of collateral;
Identification of overdue loans;
Formation and presentation of information on problem loans in BE UCA in accordance with the Procedure for the transfer of assets to the IB Guide to work Business units Asset quality management.
Eighth stage. Changing the initial terms of the loan agreement and security agreements. The participants are a specialist in monitoring credit operations, an administration service, an MB underwriter, a collective body and a risk management service. The purpose of this stage is:
Determination of the possibility of changing the initial terms of the contract,
Approval of the draft decision on changing the initial terms of the Loan Product.
Ninth stage. Recognition of an asset as problematic. Participants - the loan administration service, a specialist in monitoring credit operations, an authorized person of the organization of the credit process, if necessary, the Legal Service. The purpose of this stage is:
Determining the feasibility of transferring the asset to the BE UCA;
Implementation of the procedure for transferring the assets of the Chief Executive Officer of the IB to the work of the Business Unit;
Asset quality management;
Carrying out activities for the recovery, restructuring of assets transferred to BE UCA;
Carrying out activities, preparing documents for the authorized body of the Bank to take a decision to write off the PA at the expense of the created reserve.
7. Organization of the credit process
7.1 The provision of a loan is carried out in accordance with the terms of the Regulations on loan products for CKS MB Clients.
7.2 When identifying and sending information about transactions subject to mandatory control and unusual transactions, the employees and services of the Bank involved in the process of providing the Loan Product are guided by:
7.3.1 The procedure for preparing, compiling and sending information to the Federal Financial Monitoring Service.
The level of organization of the credit process is one of the main indicators of the entire work of the bank, and each bank has developed its own lending technology, which provides for the sequence of studying and passing documents with a decision at each stage of their consideration. The credit process is nothing more than the organization of bank lending, including the processes of considering a client's application for a loan, making a decision by the bank, preparing and concluding an agreement, issuing a loan, its maintenance and return, as well as control at all stages. As part of the lending function of banks, the organization and monitoring of bank loans is considered, and in this process, the bank requires practical skills to obtain information about the solvency of borrowers, the ability to generate cash flow, capital, collateral and economic conditions. It turns out that the organization of the credit process in the bank comes down to managing credit risk by screening, monitoring and imposing restrictions, as well as establishing long-term relationships with the client, which is not only an important principle of credit risk management, but also another method of obtaining information about borrowers.
Conclusion
As a result of undergraduate practice, data on the work of a credit institution and specific banking operations were studied and analyzed.
The following tasks were also completed:
Acquired the necessary professional skills to work in the relevant credit institutions within the professional modules of the OBOR SPO for the main types of professional activities;
Trained in labor techniques, operations and methods of performing labor processes that are characteristic of the respective profession and necessary for their subsequent development of general and professional competencies in their chosen profession;
Studied normative and methodological materials, fundamental and periodical literature on issues developed by the student in the course of preparing the final qualifying work;
Collected, systematized and summarized practical material for use in the final qualifying work.
The following steps have been completed:
First stage. The organizational and legal status of a credit organization was studied, including: the structure of the branch network; organizational structure, functions of the management apparatus and structural divisions; lists of operations that, in accordance with the license (s), the credit institution is entitled to carry out.
Second phase. An analysis was made of the main economic indicators of a credit institution's activity on the basis of accounting (financial) statements for the last three years: an analysis of the dynamics and structure of assets, own and borrowed funds of a credit institution; analysis of financial results; analysis of the level of capital adequacy of the credit institution.
Third stage. An individual task was completed - organization of the credit process.
As a result of undergraduate practice, the general and professional competencies obtained as a result of generalization of theoretical knowledge and practical experience were confirmed.
