Burj Khalifa is Dubai's main attraction. This is one of the world's record-breaking structures, located in the United Arab Emirates. Firstly, the tallest building ever created in the history of mankind, secondly, the building with the largest number of floors, and, finally, the most expensive building in the world.
And it would seem something completely unheard of and unseen, if the Emirates had not surprised the world before, erecting the largest singing fountain, the most prestigious area with the largest artificially created beaches and canals, the most exclusive metro and much, much more, the most diverse and unusual. The skyscraper rushes up to 828 meters, the number of floors of the building is more than 160. And the total cost of the building is more than one and a half billion dollars. By the way, controversy and rumors surrounded the Burj Khalifa all the time before the opening of the skyscraper. About the height, for example. Initially, it was assumed that the project of the tower with a height of 705 m would be a modified project of the Australian "Grollo Tower" (560 m). Project managers said that the height would in any case be more than 700 m (that is, the Burj Khalifa, after completion of construction, will in any case become the tallest building on Earth). In September 2006, rumors about the final height of 916 m, and then even 940 m, got into the society. But still, the final height was 828 meters with 163 floors (not including technical levels).
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The city of Dubai in the UAE, for many centuries it was a small trading port, where fish and pearls were mined in the coastal waters of the Persian Gulf. In recent decades, the wealth of the city has grown dramatically thanks to the discovery of oil and the desire of the rulers to turn Dubai into a business center. In 2003, two hundred skyscrapers had already been built or were under construction. And then the Emir of Dubai, Mohammed bin Rashid, gave a simple order - to build the tallest building in the world. The construction of the tallest building begins with the digging of a hole, a very large hole.
Several months have passed since Dubai-based developer Emaar signed a contract with Chicago-based firm SOM. Oddly enough, but this building does not have a foundation firmly fixed in the rocky ground. Here in the desert you will not find as much stone as in New York or other geological zones. We used hanging piles. These piles are screwed into sand and soft rock, and their bearing capacity is provided by the diameter and length. These are 45-meter piles, about one and a half meters in diameter. In total, we screwed in about 200 of these piles, says one of the architects of the project.
The skyscraper construction project provided for the construction of the so-called "city within a city" - its own parks, boulevards, and lawns were provided for on its territory. The total cost of the tower construction project amounted to about one and a half billion dollars.
The author of the Burj Khalifa tower project was an architect from the United States, Adrian Smith, who had sufficient experience in designing similar structures. For example, Smith was directly involved in the design of the Jin Mao skyscraper, located in China, whose height is more than 400 meters. As the general contractor for the construction, the construction division of Samsung from South Korea was chosen, which had previously taken part in the construction of similar facilities, for example, the famous Petronas Twin Towers located in Malaysia.
The construction of the tallest skyscraper in the world was carried out quite quickly. Every week the building became 1-2 floors higher. After the 160th floor was built, concrete work stopped and the assembly of a giant 180-meter spire from metal structures began. The construction of the skyscraper lasted for 5 years.
According to the project, 108 floors are allotted for residential premises at once: 37 of them house a luxury hotel, and the rest of the floors are ordinary apartments. Although to call "ordinary" apartments built in the most expensive and highest skyscraper in the world, the tongue does not turn! As noted above, the Burj Khalifa skyscraper is absolutely autonomous. An equally large 61-meter turbine is used to provide energy for such a large-scale structure. In addition, numerous solar panels placed on the walls of the tower help to provide the building with energy.
Despite its size, the building is well designed and protected, so that in the event of a fire, a complete evacuation takes only about half an hour!
On plans to erect the tallest building in the world, Sheikh of Dubai Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, first announced in 2002. The tower was to be a key element of the new district, designed to attract tourists from all over the world to Dubai. A Dubai-based company has become the developer of the tower Emaar, general contractor - South Korean Samsung Engineering. The tower was originally called Burj Dubai, from the Arabic tower Dubai, but the completion of the project coincided with the global financial crisis and Dubai was forced to seek help from the neighboring emirate of Abu Dhabi. In gratitude for the multi-billion dollar support received, the skyscraper was renamed in honor of the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi:“From now on, this tower will bear the name “Khalifa” – “Burj Khalifa”.
In the outlines of the foundation, the outlines of the desert flower of pancras are visible. This form facilitates the construction of buildings several hundred meters high. And when construction had already begun, lead architect George Estafio and his customer made a bold decision - to increase the height of the building from the original 550, which exceeded the Taipei tower (509.2 meters), the highest at that time, by only a few meters, and not just increase, but almost double.
After laying the foundation, the tower began to grow rapidly. On site, work went on 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. There were about 100 designers, architects, engineers, and up to 12,000 workers worked on the site every day.
Once every three days a new floor appeared. But the higher you go, the more problems. And the main one is the wind. It is impossible to build a single tower of such a height, a single shape. Then the effect of the wind will be too strong, the fluctuations will become too great.
The terraces were built according to a certain pattern, rising in a spiral. The shape of the building is asymmetrical. So the wind creates less vibrations of buildings and as it rises, the asymmetry changes, but also creeps up.
When you build the tallest building in the world, every centimeter counts. When pouring concrete, engineers needed to know where the center of the building would be, and with constant movement, it is not easy to calculate it. Contractor installed 3 different appliances GPS on the ground and another one at the very top of the building.
The exterior panels of the building presented a big problem for the engineers. Glass was supposed to reflect heat, but let light through. And it must also be water-wind and dust-tight. About 200 of these panels were required for each floor.
During the construction, the creators foresaw literally everything - from high temperatures in the Arabian sun to the angle of incidence of light in the premises of the tower. The building is equipped with special solar protection and reflective glass panels that reduce the heating of the rooms inside (temperatures in Dubai reach the mark of 50 ° C), which reduces the need for air conditioning. Well, for air conditioning in a skyscraper, a convection system is used that drives air from bottom to top along the entire height of the tower, and sea water and underground cooling modules will be used for cooling. Especially for the Burj Khalifa, a special brand of concrete was created - such concrete is heat-resistant and does not deform under the scorching sun of the United Arab Emirates. By the way, the skyscraper will completely independently generate electricity for its own use: for this, a 61-meter turbine rotated by the wind and an array of solar panels (some of which are located on the walls of the tower) will function.
The building project in full costs more than one and a half billion dollars - a huge amount, albeit for a country that is highly developed at this stage. Due to problems with financing the construction of the Burj Khalifa, the official opening of the skyscraper was postponed from September 9, 2009 (this date was originally planned - the date of the opening of the Dubai Metro) to January 2010.
The Burj Khalifa project was created on the idea of a "city within a city". The building is surrounded by adjoining roads, convenient parking spaces, private lawns, boulevards and parks. In addition, the skyscraper hosts independent sponsored entertainment for youth and business people. Again, a new site has been opened for business in the Khalifa building. In addition to the hotel, located on the first 37 floors, as well as luxury apartments between 45 and 108 floors, most of the floors are still given over to office areas and business premises. Spacious, comfortable and air-conditioned rooms for meetings and presentations today attract business people from all over the world, which brings Dubai once again to the level of the business capital of the world - since in almost every complex of buildings that open every year there is a corner, so to speak, investor. The 123rd and 124th floors are equipped with an observation deck. Thousands of tourists who come here every year say that the feeling is beyond words - it is so breathtaking and overwhelmed with surprise, how could a person create such a thing!
In Arabic, "burj" means "tower".
The creators of the Dubai skyscraper also claim that the distinctive feature of the building is the highest residential floor and an observation deck located on the 124th floor. In the skyscraper, which can be seen from a distance of 90 kilometers, 57 elevators of the world's fastest system move cabins at a speed of 18 meters per second. There is also an autonomous power supply system - a 60-meter wind turbine and huge solar panels. The tower has a modern design, but its architecture is also influenced by Islamic traditions.
According to the designers, the building is resistant to strong wind loads, and can also withstand an earthquake. "We were struck by lightning twice, last year we felt the echoes of a powerful earthquake in Iran. In addition, during the construction we experienced all possible types of wind. The results are good," Mohamed Ali Alabbar told the BBC. head of Emaar Properties, which built the tower.
Some of the apartments in the skyscraper were sold at a price of 24.3 thousand dollars per square meter, but now their value has fallen by about half. The project, which has shown resilience to natural disasters, has not remained unaffected by the global financial crisis. Leasing office space at the Burj Dubai will be particularly challenging, analysts say, as fewer companies can afford the luxury.
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The opening ceremony of the skyscraper was timed to coincide with the fourth anniversary of the reign in the Emirate of Dubai of the current Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashed Al Maktoum, who came to power on January 4. At the ceremony, the Sheikh renamed the skyscraper, which was known as Burj Dubai during construction, to Burj Khalifa, dedicating it to the President of the United Arab Emirates, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. "From now on, this tower will bear the name of Khalifa - Burj Khalifa," he said.
Sheikh Khalifa is also the emir of Abu Dhabi, which has provided Dubai with $10 billion in debt relief, including support for investment company Dubai World.
The long-awaited opening of the legendary building took place with fireworks and festive concerts. The event struck with an incredible scope - the public saw the promised fireworks, theatrical performances, as well as a laser show. The list of guests of honor invited to the opening ceremony included six thousand people. The rest were able to watch the tour of the building on huge screens installed in the streets or on TV. In total, the televised opening ceremony was watched by more than two billion people around the world.
From the first to the 39th floors of the building are occupied by the Armani Hotel. Above are office and technical premises, as well as individual apartments. In addition, there are special observation floors that serve as a high-altitude observatory. Special communication equipment is located in the 180-meter spire. Burj Khalifa (Burj Dubai) boasts 65 double-decker lifts. True, on the ascent up, or on the descent down, you will have to make several transfers. Only one technical elevator rises from the first to the very last floor. By the way, the Burj Khalifa elevator system is the fastest in the world, as the elevator lifts reach speeds of up to 18 meters per second.
Here are some specifications Burj Khalifa:
- Style: Modernism
— Materials: structures - reinforced concrete, steel; facade - stainless steel, aluminum, glass.
– Purpose: office and retail space, residential property and hotel.
– Height: 828 meters.
- Floors: 164 (including two underground floors).
– Area: 3595100 sq. m.
– The highest observation deck is located at an altitude of 442.10 m.
Armani Hotel (the first of its kind) will occupy the bottom 37 floors.
- From the 45th to the 108th floor there are about 700 apartments.
— The rest of the floors will be occupied by office and retail space.
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Interesting Burj Khalifa Facts:
- The skyscraper has the world's fastest 57 elevators. They are designed to serve their group of visitors to the Burj Khalifa - staff and attendants, cargo, office workers, visitors and residents of the building, vip persons.
- From the 124th floor there are two-story panoramic elevators - they can accommodate from 12 to 14 people. Lifting speed 10 meters per second.
- It took 330,000 cubic meters of concrete and 31,400 tons of steel reinforcement to build the tower.
– The tower is located in the center of an artificial lake
- The Burj Khalifa has several recreational areas for visitors to relax - on the 43rd, 76th, 123rd floors there are fitness and spa, and on the 43rd and 76th there are swimming pools (the highest in the world), rooms for relaxation and other activities.
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- The shape of the building plan (three rays emanating from the center) - based on the desert flower bud growing in this region.
– The highest residential floor is 109.
- The highest observation deck is located on the 124th floor.
— The depth of foundation piles is more than 50 meters.
- The building's water supply system uses recycled rainwater (o_0 rain in the desert?)
- The tower will independently generate electricity for itself: for this, a 61-meter turbine rotated by the wind will be used, as well as an array of solar panels (partially located on the walls of the tower) with a total area of about 15 thousand m².
- The building is equipped with special sun protection and reflective glass panels that will reduce the heating of the rooms inside (in Dubai, temperatures can reach up to 50 ° C). For air conditioning, the skyscraper uses a convection system that drives air from the bottom up along the entire height of the tower, and sea water and underground cooling modules will be used for cooling. It is stated that the air temperature in the building will be around +18 °C.
The Burj Khalifa was built on the principle vertical city- floors are located in blocks designed for different functions. The tower contains about 900 apartments, a hotel with 304 rooms, 35 floors are given over to offices. Three underground floors house parking for 3,000 cars.
| Floor | Purpose |
| 160-163 | Technical |
| 156-159 | Communications and broadcasting |
| 155 | Technical |
| 139-154 | Offices |
| 136-138 | Technical |
| 125-135 | Offices |
| 124 | Viewpoint |
| 123 | sky lobby |
| 122 | Restaurant At.mosphere |
| 111-121 | Offices |
| 109-110 | Technical |
| 77-108 | Apartments |
| 76 | sky lobby |
| 73-75 | Technical |
| 44-72 | Apartments |
| 43 | sky lobby |
| 40-42 | Technical |
| 38-39 | Hotel apartments |
| 19-37 | Hotel rooms |
| 17-18 | Technical |
| 9-16 | Hotel rooms |
| 1-8 | Hotel |
|
To have something to compare When talking about large areas, they are often compared to a football field. This is convenient, but not always accurate, as it often forgets to indicate what size field is meant. We will not measure the buildings in our selection of football fields, but to make it easier for you to imagine their scale, we indicate here that the world's main football organization FIFA recommends that matches be played on a 7,140 sq. m (i.e. 0.714 ha) and 105 × 68 m in size. Here we will give two other landmarks: Red Square in Moscow has an area of approximately 2.5 hectares (approximately 330 × 75 m), and Palace Square in St. Petersburg - 5.4 hectares. Recall that there are 10,000 square meters in one hectare. |
By volume
Here the undisputed leader is the plant of the company Boeing in Everett, pc. Washington (USA). Its volume is 13,385,378 cubic meters. m, and the area - 399,480 sq. m (number three in the world in terms of base area). This giant, almost a kilometer long, 500 meters wide and five-story building c high (to accommodate more than 20-meter keels of airliners and still have room) was built in 1966–1968, when Boeing started producing Boeing 747. Even today, the largest aircraft of the company are assembled there, and many pieces at the same time. Up to 30 thousand people work at the plant under the light of one million lamps.
“This building is so large that clouds gather under the roof and rain comes out of them,” they say on the Internet. It's a myth that the building is well ventilated, and despite Washington State's humid and cool climate, advanced modern airliners assemble in dry and fairly comfortable conditions.
Number two in the world in terms of volume is the Al-Haram Mosque in Mecca: almost half that in volume, about 8 million cubic meters. But number three (5.6 million cubic meters) is also an aircraft plant, and it belongs to the main competitor Boeing, companies Airbus. At the factory named after Jean-Luc Lagardaire in Toulouse (France) they assemble the largest airliner in the world - A380.
Al-Haram Mosque can hold up to 4 million people during Hajj
Worthy of special mention Aereum- a hangar built in the mid-1990s by a German company Cargolifter AG 50 km south of Berlin for the construction of airships. This dome, 360 × 210 meters in size and up to 107 m high (it will easily fit St. Basil's Cathedral from Red Square - with all the turrets, domes and basement, and there will still be room) covers the world's largest undivided space - a volume of 5.2 million cubic meters. Business Cargolifter AG didn’t go, so in 2004 a year-round tropical theme park was opened here with groves, ponds and waterfalls. It is called Tropical Island Resort.
The park is open around the clock - you can stay there even for the night
By area on a piece of land
Here we are talking about how much land the building occupies. According to this indicator, number one - Bloemenveiling Aalsmeer, a building in the Dutch city of Aalsmeer, where a flower auction is held every morning from Monday to Friday. Millions of flowers from all over the world are brought annually to this 700 x 750 m structure with an area (on the surface) of half a million square meters, most resembling a warehouse about two stories high. Here they are sold, bought and immediately set off again, since the Amsterdam airport is nearby and the seaports are nearby.
About 20 million flowers pass through this building every day.
Number two - with a slight lag - the automaker's factory Tesla in Fremont, pcs. California: about 427 thousand square meters m. In general, among the largest buildings in terms of area on the surface there are a lot of logistics centers and warehouses. The top ten largest facilities in the world by this indicator, in addition to those mentioned, also include logistics centers Michelin, Nike and John Deere(all in USA). This is logical: products that are ready to be shipped around the world are easiest to place just in such long and flat spaces.
By total floor area
Unlike the previous paragraph, this takes into account the area of \u200b\u200ball the premises of the structure. And Asia is the leader here: the largest building in the world by this indicator is located in China, in the city of Chengdu. This is the Global Center "New Century" with an area of about 1.76 million square meters. m. For comparison: the total area of the premises of the Aviapark shopping center, one of the largest in Moscow, is about 460 thousand square meters. m. The length of the "New Age" is 500 meters, the width is 400 meters, the height is 100 meters, and inside, in addition to cinema and hotel shops, there are also offices, a contemporary art center and a water park with an artificial beach (giant screens depict sunrises and sunsets) .
The cyclopean complex in the new area of Chengdu was built in three years - from 2010 to 2013
The main competitors of such complexes around the world are airports. So, number two in terms of total area of premises is the terminal of the 3rd Dubai International Airport in the UAE with an indicator of 1.71 million square meters. m. It was built with the expectation of serving up to 43 million people (this is more than the entire Sheremetyevo Airport in 2017), despite the fact that only two airlines use the terminal - the local Emirates and Australian Qantas. Another top ten (in sixth position) is Beijing Capital Airport Terminal 3 (also known as Beijing Capital). It is noteworthy that the leader in the previous category - the flower auction building in Aalsmeer - entered the top five in this one too: the usable area of the building is almost twice as large as the area on the surface - 990,000 thousand square meters. m.
Special categories
Speaking of the largest buildings and structures in the world, one cannot but mention a few more. Let's say - the largest structure ever built on the planet, stretching for 9 thousand kilometers through China (its total length - with all branches - is even more: 21 thousand kilometers).
The tallest building on the planet today is the 828-meter Burj Khalifa in Dubai (UAE).
Apparently, the Burj Khalifa skyscraper does not have long to carry the honorary title of the tallest building in the world: in 2020, in the same emirate of Dubai, it is planned to open a building 100 meters higher. And if everything goes according to plan, then at the other end of the Arabian Peninsula, in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) in the same year, a tower with a height of 1004 meters will be completed
The heaviest building in the world - to readers Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest (Romania). It weighs over 4 billion kilograms. It was laid in 1984 by order of the dictator Ceausescu in the center of Bucharest, destroying a significant part of the historical buildings of the city and even tearing down the hill, and it took more than ten years to build. Today it houses, in addition to the Romanian Parliament, a museum of modern art, several government agencies. At the same time, the building is only 70% full and, apparently, will never be used in full.
Photo: Maurice King / en.wikipedia.org, julhandiarso / Getty Images, Tropical Islands Resort / en.wikipedia.org, Visions Of Our Land / Getty Images, Sino Images / Getty Images, Momentaryawe.com / Getty Images
Burj Khalifa is a skyscraper in Dubai, the tallest building in the world. The height of the building is 828 meters. Its construction began in 2004, and the grand opening ceremony took place on January 4, 2010.
The skyscraper was designed by the American architectural firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, which also designed the Willis Tower in Chicago, World Trade Center 1 in New York and many other famous buildings. The author of the project is the American architect Adrian Smith.
The Burj Khalifa was originally planned to be the tallest building in the world. When the skyscraper was still under construction, its design height was kept secret. If during the construction of the tower a skyscraper of a higher height had been designed somewhere, then adjustments could have been made to the project.
Inside the complex there is a hotel, apartments, offices and shopping centers. The building has 3 separate entrances: the entrance to the hotel, the entrance to the apartments and the entrance to the office premises. The Armani hotel and offices occupy floors 1 to 39. 900 apartments occupy floors 44 to 72 and 77 to 108. The 100th floor is wholly owned by Indian billionaire Shetty. Office premises occupy floors from 111 to 121, from 125 to 135 and from 139 to 154. On the 43rd and 76th floors there are gyms, swimming pools, observation decks. The highest observation deck is located on the 124th floor at an altitude of 472 meters. On the 122nd floor is the Atmosfera Restaurant, a restaurant located at the highest altitude in the world.
The construction of the skyscraper began in 2004 and proceeded at a rate of 1-2 floors per week. Especially for the Burj Khalifa, a special brand of concrete was developed that can withstand temperatures up to +50 degrees Celsius. Concrete work was completed after the construction of the 160th floor, followed by the assembly of a 180-meter spire from metal structures.
The Burj Khalifa has special equipment that cools and flavors the air inside the building. At the same time, the building is finished with tinted glass thermal panels, which reduce the heating of the premises inside, which reduces the need for air conditioning.
2 Tokyo Sky Tree
Tokyo Sky Tree is a television tower in Tokyo, the tallest among the television towers in the world and the second tallest structure in the world after the Burj Khalifa. The height of the TV tower together with the antenna is 634 meters.
In July 2011, all television in Japan was supposed to go digital, but the Tokyo TV Tower was not tall enough to transmit to the upper floors of some skyscrapers, so a taller tower was built. Construction began in July 2008 and was completed on February 29, 2012. The opening took place on May 22.
During the construction of the tower, a special system was created that compensates, according to the architects, up to 50% of the force of tremors during earthquakes.
The tower is mainly used for digital TV and radio broadcasting, mobile telephony and navigation systems. In addition, it is a popular tourist attraction. In the TV tower you can visit 2 observation decks: one is located at an altitude of 350 meters, the other is at an altitude of 450 m. There are also a large number of boutiques and several restaurants, and at the foot of the tower there is a mini-complex with a shopping area, an aquarium and a planetarium.
3 Shanghai Tower
The Shanghai Tower is the tallest skyscraper in China and the third tallest building in the world. Its height is 632 meters.
The spirally curved tower was designed by the large American company Gensler. In June 2009, a foundation pit was dug, and the construction of the first floors of the tower began. In August 2013, a solemn ceremony was held in Shanghai to erect the last beam at a height of 632 meters, that is, the skyscraper was brought to roof level. The façade cladding was completed in September 2014 and all interior work completed in 2015.
In 2016, the Shanghai Tower was supposed to overtake the Pingan International Financial Center under construction in Shenzhen, but at the last moment its height was reduced from 660 to 600 m.
The lowest floor of the Shanghai Tower is dedicated to the historical museum of the city. Each area of the tower contains shops and galleries. There is a hotel in the middle of the building. Also inside there is a restaurant, the peculiarity of which is that it rotates around its axis, a concert hall and a club. The skyscraper attracts about 2.8 million travelers annually. The tower has several viewing platforms.
High-speed elevators are installed in the Shanghai Tower, rising up at a speed of eighteen meters per second. The building is equipped with 106 Mitsubishi Electric elevators, three of which are high-speed and reach a record height of 578 meters, breaking the Burj Khalifa record of 504 meters.
4 Abraj al-Bayt
Abraj al-Bayt is a complex of high-rise buildings built in Mecca. It is the largest structure in the world by mass, and it is also the tallest structure in Saudi Arabia. The height of the building is 601 meters. Its construction began in 2004 and was completed in 2012.
Abraj al-Bayt stands opposite the entrance to the al-Haram mosque, in the courtyard of which is the Kaaba, the main shrine of Islam. The tallest tower in the complex, which serves as a hotel, houses about 100,000 of the more than five million pilgrims who visit Mecca each year for the Hajj.
The Abraj al-Beit towers house a four-story shopping arcade and a parking garage with space for more than 800 vehicles. In residential towers there are apartments for permanent residents of the city.
At the top of the highest Royal Tower, there is a huge clock with a diameter of 43 meters (the length of the hour hand is 17 meters, the minute hand is 22), located at a height of more than 400 meters above the ground. Four of their dials are set on the four cardinal points. The clock is visible from anywhere in the city and is the largest and highest clock in the world.
The Royal Tower is crowned with a 45-meter spire with a gilded crescent. There are 160 powerful loudspeakers on the spire in eight rows, capable of broadcasting the call to prayer over a distance of more than seven kilometers. The crescent is the largest ever built. Inside, it is divided into several service rooms, among which a small prayer room is the highest in the world. The diameter of the crescent is 23 meters. It is covered with golden mosaic.
5 Guangzhou TV Tower
Guangzhou TV Tower is the second tallest TV tower in the world. Built in 2005-2010 by ARUP for the 2010 Asian Games. The height of the TV tower is 600 meters. Up to a height of 450 meters, the tower was erected in the form of a combination of a hyperboloid bearing mesh shell and a central core.
The mesh shell of the tower is made of steel pipes of large diameter. The tower is crowned with a steel spire 160 meters high. The tower is designed to broadcast TV and radio signals, as well as to view the panorama of Guangzhou and is designed to receive 10,000 tourists a day.
Glazed observation platforms are located at heights of 33, 116, 168 and 449 meters, and an open observation platform is located at a height of 488 meters. Revolving restaurants are located at 418 and 428 meters.
one. . Located in a beautiful city Dubai, UAE. The height of the building is 828 meters, the height of the roof is 636 meters, the number of floors is 163. The skyscraper was opened in 2010. The shape of the building resembles a stalagmite. known throughout the world under the name " Burj Dubai» (« dubai tower”), renamed it, dedicating the building to the President of the United Arab Emirates, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al-Nahyan.
2. Shanghai Tower is an ultra-tall building under construction in the Pudong district of Shanghai, China. According to the project, the height of the building is 632 meters, the number of floors is 128, the total area is 380 thousand m. After 2016, it will become the 5th in the world, taking into account also the India Tower in Mumbai.
3. Royal Clock Tower (Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel). The building is located in a city known to all Muslims Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The height of the building is 601 meters, the number of storeys is 120. It was put into operation in 2012. The tallest hotel in the world, the largest building in the world in terms of building volume with the largest and highest clock in the world.
4. World Trade Center 1 or Freedom Tower (One World Trade Center). skyscraper hotel is located in New York (USA). Its height is 541.3 meters, the number of floors is 104. It was built in 2013. It is the tallest office building in the world and the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere.
5. International Financial Center (CTF Finance Centre)- ultra-high skyscraper, built in the style of modernism. Located in the city Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. The height of the building is 437.5 meters, the number of floors is 103. The skyscraper was opened in 2010. It will be fully built in 2016.
6. Taipei 101 (Taipei 101) - skyscraper located in Taiwan's capital, Taipei. Its height is 508 meters, the number of storeys is 101. It was built in 2004. Tallest office building in the world prior to the Freedom Tower. The architectural style in the spirit of postmodernism combines modern traditions and ancient Chinese architecture. The multi-storey shopping complex in the tower contains hundreds of shops, restaurants and clubs.
7. Shanghai World Financial Center). Skyscraper in Shanghai (China). The height of the building is 492 meters, the number of floors is 101. The skyscraper was opened in 2008. The building has received the following awards: The owner of the highest observation deck in the world, located on the 100th floor of the building (472 meters above the ground); the best skyscraper in the world in 2008.
8. International Commerce Center) - a skyscraper built in 2010 in the western part of the district kowloon hong kong city. This is the tallest building in the city. The height of the building is 484 meters, the number of storeys is 118. It was put into operation in 2010.
9. Twin Towers (Twin Skyscrapers) is in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). The design of the skyscraper was attended by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, who proposed to build buildings in the "Islamic" style. Therefore, the plan of the complex is two eight-pointed stars. The Petronas Towers houses offices, exhibition and conference rooms, and an art gallery. The cost of the project is 2 billion ringgits ($800 million).
Petronas Tower 1 (Petronas Tower 1)
Petronas Tower 2. The height of the building is 451.9 meters, the number of storeys is 88, it was built in 1998.
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10. - ultra-high building, which houses the business center of the city Nanjing (China). The height of the building is 450 meters, the number of storeys is 66. It was put into operation in 2010. Mixed-use tower - the building houses office space, the lower floors are equipped for shops, shopping centers and restaurants, there is also a public observatory.
The popular statement - size doesn't matter - certainly does not apply to the height of buildings. Man has not abandoned attempts to get to heaven since biblical times - starting with the construction of the Tower of Babel. The tallest buildings in the world amaze with their grandeur and technical novelty, we invite you to learn more about each of them. We will talk specifically about skyscrapers, this list will not include towers, which will be a separate story
But until the 19th century, increasing the height of buildings meant thickening the walls, which had to support the weight of the structure. The creation of elevators and metal frames for walls freed the hands of architects and engineers, allowing them to design and build taller and taller buildings with more floors. So, the 10 tallest buildings in the world:
№10 Empire State Building, New York, USA
The Empire State Building is America's most famous skyscraper; the Chrysler Building is one of the last skyscrapers built in the Art Deco style; Rockefeller Center is the world's largest private business and entertainment complex, comprising 19 buildings. The observation deck of the center offers stunning panoramic views of Central Park and the Empire State Building.
During the construction of the building, new technologies in building structures were developed, such as the J. Bogardus cast iron frame metal structure, the E. G. Otis passenger elevator. The skyscraper consists of a foundation, a steel frame of columns and beams above the ground, and curtain walls attached to the beams. In this skyscraper, the main load is carried by the steel frame, not the walls. He transfers this load directly to the foundation. Thanks to this innovation, the weight of the building has significantly decreased and amounted to 365 thousand tons. 5662 cubic meters of limestone and granite were used for the construction of the outer walls. In total, the builders used 60 thousand tons of steel structures, 10 million bricks and 700 kilometers of cable. The building has 6500 windows.
The International Finance Center is a complex commercial building located on the waterfront of Hong Kong's Central District. A significant landmark of Hong Kong Island, it consists of two skyscrapers: the International Financial Center shopping gallery and the 40-story Four Seasons Hotel Hong Kong. Tower 2 is the tallest building in Hong Kong, having usurped the space once occupied by Central Plaza. The complex was built with the support of Sun Hung Kai Properties and MTR Corp. The Hong Kong Airport Express Station is located directly below it. The construction of the first international financial center was completed in 1998, and the opening took place in 1999. The building has 38 floors, 18 high-speed passenger elevators in four zones, its height is 210 m, the total area is 72,850 m. Now the building can accommodate approximately 5,000 people.
№6 Jin Mao Tower, Shanghai, China
The total height of the structure is 421 meters, the number of floors reaches 88 (93 together with the belvedere). The distance from the ground to the roof is 370 meters, and the top floor is at a height of 366 meters! Perhaps, compared to the Emirati (still unfinished) giant Burj Dubai, Jin Mao will seem like a dwarf, but against the background of other buildings in Shanghai, this giant looks impressive. By the way, not far from the Golden Building of Success there is also a skyscraper - the Shanghai World Financial Center (SWFC), which surpassed Jin Mao in height and became the tallest office building in China in 2007. Currently, a 128-story skyscraper is planned to be erected next to Jin Mao and SHVFC, which will become the tallest building in China.
The hotel is famous for being one of the tallest in the world, it is located on the top floors of a skyscraper, which, in turn, is currently the tallest in Shanghai
From the 54th to the 88th floor there is the Hyatt hotel, this is its atrium.
On the 88th floor, at an altitude of 340 meters above the ground, there is an indoor observation deck Skywalk, which can accommodate more than 1000 people at a time. Skywalk area - 1520 sq.m. In addition to the superb view of Shanghai from the observatory, the magnificent atrium of the Shanghai Grand Hyatt Hotel can be seen from above.
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№5 Fifth place in the list of tallest buildings is "Sears Tower", Chicago, USA
The Sears Tower is a skyscraper located in Chicago, USA. The height of the skyscraper is 443.2 meters, the number of floors is 110. Construction began in August 1970, completed on May 4, 1973. Chief architect Bruce Graham, chief designer Fazlur Khan.
The Sears Tower was built over 30 years ago. In 1974, the skyscraper became the tallest building in the world, surpassing the World Trade Center in New York by 25 meters. For more than two decades, the Sears Tower held the lead and only in 1997 gave way to the Kuala Lumpur "twins" - the Petronas Towers.
Today, the Sears Tower is undoubtedly one of the most magnificent buildings in the world. Until now, this building remains the tallest skyscraper in the United States.
The cost of the Sears tower, 443 meters high, was 150 million dollars - at that time it was quite an impressive amount. Today, the equivalent cost would be almost $1 billion.
The main building material that went into the construction of the Sears Tower was steel.
You do not need to be an expert in physics and seismology to understand that a structure with a height of 509.2 meters is at a very high risk during an earthquake. That is why Asian engineers at one time decided to secure one of the architectural gems of Taiwan in a rather original way - with the help of a giant ball or stabilizer ball.
The $4 million project, which involves installing a giant 728-tonne ball on top of the skyscraper, has proven to be one of the most exciting engineering experiments of recent times. Suspended on thick cables, the ball plays the role of a stabilizer that allows you to "dampen" the vibrations of the building structure during an earthquake.
№1 Burj Dubai, Dubai, UAE
The tower is equipped with 56 elevators (by the way, the fastest in the world), boutiques, swimming pools, luxury apartments, hotels and observation decks. A distinctive feature of the construction is the international composition of the working team: a South Korean contractor, American architects, Indian builders. Four thousand people took part in the construction.
Records set by the construction of Burj Dubai:
* the building with the most floors - 160 (the previous record was 110 for the Sears Tower skyscrapers and the destroyed twin towers);
* tallest building - 611.3 m (previous record - 508 m at the Taipei 101 skyscraper);
* the highest free-standing structure - 611.3 m (previous record - 553.3 m at the CN Tower);
* the highest concrete injection height for buildings - 601.0 m (the previous record was 449.2 m at the Taipei 101 skyscraper);
* the highest concrete injection height for any structure - 601.0 m (the previous record was 532 m at the Riva del Garda hydroelectric power station);
* in 2008, the height of the Burj Dubai exceeded the height of the Warsaw radio tower (646 m), the building became the tallest ground structure in the history of human construction.
* On January 17, 2009, Burj Dubai reached its declared height of 818 m, and became the tallest building in the world.
