They say that the most terrible quarrels are quarrels between close people, relatives. Some of the most difficult and bloody wars are civil ones.

the site presents a selection of the most protracted conflicts between citizens of one state.

The beginning of the Civil War is considered the resettlement of the first groups of opponents of the barely established Bolshevik government to the south of Russia, where “white” detachments began to form from former officer ranks and volunteers who did not recognize the results of the Bolshevik revolution (or the Bolshevik coup). The anti-Bolshevik forces included, of course, a variety of people - from republicans to monarchists, from obsessed madmen to fighters for justice. They oppressed the Bolsheviks from all sides - from the south, and from the west, and from Arkhangelsk and, of course, from Siberia, where Admiral Kolchak settled, who became one of the brightest symbols of the white movement and white dictatorship. At the first stage, taking into account the support of foreign forces and even direct military intervention, the Whites had some success. The Bolshevik leaders even thought about evacuating to India, but were able to turn the tide of the struggle in their favor. The beginning of the 1920s was already the retreat and final flight of the Whites, the cruelest Bolshevik terror and the terrible crimes of anti-Bolshevik outcasts like von Ungern. The result of the Civil War was the flight from Russia of a significant part of the intellectual elite, capital. For many - with the hope of a speedy return, which in fact never took place. Those who managed to settle in emigration, with rare exceptions, remained abroad, giving their descendants a new homeland.

The result of the Civil War was the flight of the intellectual elite from Russia

A series of civil wars between Catholics and Protestants went on from 1562 to 1598. The Huguenots were supported by the Bourbons, the Catholics by Catherine de Medici and the Guise party. It began with an attack on the Huguenots in Champagne on March 1, 1562, organized by the Duke of Guise. In response, the Prince de Conde took the city of Orleans, which became a stronghold of the Huguenot movement. The Queen of Great Britain supported the Protestants, while the King of Spain and the Pope of Rome supported the Catholic forces. The first peace agreement was concluded after the death of the leaders of both warring groups, the Peace of Amboise was signed, then reinforced by the Edict of Saint-Germain, which guaranteed freedom of religion in certain districts. This conflict, however, did not solve it, but transferred it to the category of frozen ones. In the future, playing with the terms of this edict led to the resumption of active operations, and the poor state of the royal treasury to their attenuation. The Peace of Saint-Germain, signed in favor of the Huguenots, was replaced by a terrible massacre of Protestants in Paris and other French cities - Bartholomew's Night. The leader of the Huguenots, Henry of Navarre, suddenly became the king of France by converting to Catholicism (he is credited with the famous phrase "Paris is worth a mass"). It was this king, with a very extravagant reputation, who managed to unite the state and end the era of terrible religious wars.

A series of civil wars between Catholics and Protestants went on for 36 years

The confrontation between the Kuomintang troops and the communist forces stubbornly went on for almost 25 years - from 1927 to 1950. The beginning is the "Northern Campaign" of Chiang Kai-shek, a nationalist leader who was going to subjugate the northern territories controlled by the Beiyang militarists. This is a group based on the combat-ready units of the army of the Qing Empire, but it was a rather scattered force, quickly losing ground to the Kuomintang. A new round of civil confrontation arose because of the conflict between the Kuomintang and the Communists. This struggle hardened as a result of the struggle for power, in April 1927, the "Shanghai massacre" took place, the suppression of communist uprisings in Shanghai. During an even more brutal war with Japan, internal strife subsided, but neither Chiang Kai-shek nor Mao Zedong forgot about the struggle, and after the end of World War II, the Civil War in China resumed. The nationalists were supported by the Americans, the communists, which is not surprising, by the USSR. By 1949, Chiang Kai-shek's front had actually collapsed, he himself made an official proposal for peace negotiations. The conditions put forward by the communists did not find a response, the fighting continued, and the Kuomintang army was divided. On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was proclaimed, the communist troops gradually subjugated one region after another. One of the last to join was Tibet, the question of independence of which is periodically raised even today.

The confrontation between the troops of the Kuomintang and the communists went on for almost 25 years

The first and second wars in Sudan happened with a break of 11 years. Both broke out because of the conflict between the Christians of the south and the Muslims of the north. One part of the country in the past was controlled by Great Britain, the other - by Egypt. In 1956, Sudan gained independence, state institutions were located in the northern part, which created a serious imbalance of influence within the new state. The promises of a federal structure made by the Arabs in the government of Khartoum were not realized, the Christians of the south rebelled against the Muslims, and cruel punitive actions only kindled the fire of the Civil War. An endless succession of new governments was not able to cope with ethnic tensions and economic problems, the rebels of South Sudan captured the villages, but did not have sufficient forces for the normal control of their territories. As a result of the Addis Ababa Agreement of 1972, the south was recognized by the autonomy and the army of the country, which included both Muslims and Christians, in approximately equal proportions. The next round lasted from 1983 to 2005 and was much more brutal towards civilians. According to international organizations, about 2 million people became victims. In 2002, the process of preparing a peace agreement between representatives of the Sudan Liberation Army (South) and the Government of Sudan began. He assumed 6 years of autonomy and a subsequent referendum on the independence of South Sudan. On July 9, 2011, the sovereignty of South Sudan was proclaimed.

The first and second wars in Sudan happened 11 years apart

The beginning of the confrontation was a coup d'état, during which the country's president, Jacobo Arbens, was removed. The performance of the military, however, was quickly suppressed, but a significant part of them left the country, starting preparations for the partisan movement. It was she who was to play the main role in this long war. Maya Indians were among those who joined the rebels, this led to a severe reaction against Indian villages in general, they even talk about ethnic cleansing of the Maya. In 1980, there were already four fronts of the civil war, their line passed both in the west and east of the country, and in the north and south. The rebel groups soon took shape in the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity, their struggle was supported by the Cubans, and the Guatemalan army fought mercilessly with them. In 1987, the presidents of other Central American states also tried to take part in resolving the conflict, through them a dialogue was carried out and the demands of the belligerents were presented. The Catholic Church, which contributed to the formation of the National Reconciliation Commission, also received serious influence in the negotiations. In 1996, the "Treaty on a firm and lasting peace" was concluded. According to some reports, the war claimed the lives of 200 thousand people, most of whom are Mayan Indians. About 150 thousand are missing.

Among those who joined the rebels in Guatemala were Maya Indians

The Hundred Years War is a long-term set of military conflicts between medieval England and France, the reason for which was the desire of England to return a number of territories on the European continent that once belonged to the English monarchs.

The English kings were also related to the French Capetian dynasty, which served as an extension of their claims to the French throne. Despite the successes in the initial stage of the war, England lost the war, capturing only one possession - the port of Calais, which the English crown was able to hold only until 1559.

How long did the Hundred Years' War last?

The Hundred Years' War lasted almost 116 years, from 1337. until 1453, and represented four large-scale conflicts.

• The Edwardian War, which lasted from 1337 to to 1360,
• Carolingian War - 1369 - 1389,
• Lancaster War - 1415-1429,
• The fourth final conflict - 1429-1453.

• Main battles

The first stage of the Hundred Years' War was the struggle of the conflicting parties for the right to own Flanders. After the victorious for the English troops of the Slay sea battle in 1340, the port of Calais was captured, which led to the complete dominance of England at sea. Since 1347 until 1355 Fighting ceased due to the bubonic plague pandemic, which claimed the lives of millions of Europeans.

After the first wave of the plague, England, unlike France, was able to restore its economy in a fairly short time, which helped it to launch a new attack on the western possessions of France, Hyenne and Gascony. In 1356 in the battle of Poitiers, the French military forces were again defeated. The devastation after the plague and hostilities, as well as excessive taxation by England, caused the French uprising, which went down in history as the Paris uprising.

The reorganization of the French army by Charles, the war of England in the Iberian Peninsula, the death of King Edward III of England and his son, who led the English army, allowed France to take revenge in the subsequent stages of the war. In 1388, the heir of King Edward III, Richard II, was engulfed in a military conflict with Scotland, as a result of which the English troops were completely defeated at the Battle of Otternbourne. Due to the lack of resources for further military operations, both sides in 1396 again agree on a truce.

The defeat of England after the conquest of a third of France

During the reign of the French king Charles VI, the English side, taking advantage of the dementia of the French monarch, was able to capture in fact a third of the territory of France in the shortest possible time and was able to achieve the actual unification of France and England under the English crown.

The turning point in hostilities came in 1420, after the legendary Joan of Arc led the French army.

Under her leadership, the French were able to recapture Orleans from the British. Even after her execution in 1431, the French army, inspired by victory, was able to successfully complete the hostilities, regaining all its historical territories. The surrender of the English troops at the Battle of Bordeaux in 1453 marked the end of the Hundred Years' War.

The Hundred Years War is considered the longest in the history of mankind. As a result, the treasuries of the two states were devastated, internal strife and conflicts began: this is how the confrontation between the two dynasties of Lancaster and York begins in England, which will eventually be called the War of the Red and White Roses.

War has always been a difficult test for any nation. Everyone is looking forward to the moment when peace finally comes. But sometimes the war lasts too long - hundreds of years, during which dozens of generations succeed each other. And people no longer remember that once their state was not in a state of war. In this article, you will learn about the five longest wars in human history.

Byzantine-Seljuk War (260 years)

The conflict between the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) and the nomadic tribes of the Seljuk Turks has been brewing since the end of the first millennium AD. The Seljuks, gradually conquering more and more new territories, strengthened their army, becoming formidable opponents even for such powerful powers as the Byzantine Empire. The frequency of armed skirmishes on the borders between the Byzantines and the Seljuks increased, and by 1048 AD. they developed into a full-fledged war, which the Second Rome (this is how Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire is often called, as a successor to the traditions of the Roman Empire) at first successfully won. However, a series of crushing defeats followed, and the Greeks lost almost all of their territories in Asia Minor, allowing the Turks to gain a foothold in the strategic fortresses and shores of the Mediterranean Sea, which formed the Iconium Sultanate, continuing endless skirmishes with the Byzantines. By 1308, due to the invasion of the Mongols, the Iconian Sultanate broke up into small areas, one of which would later become the Great Ottoman Empire, with which Byzantium also fought for quite a long time (214 years) and as a result ceased to exist.

Araucanian War (290 years)

Araucan warrior Galvarino - the hero of the Indian people who fought against the Spaniards with severed hands

The Araucanian War is a conflict between the Mapuche (also known as araucana), who lived on the territory of modern Chile, and the Spanish Empire with allied Indian tribes. The Indian tribes of the Araucans offered the most fierce and long-lasting resistance to the Europeans among all other Indian peoples.

The war, which lasted almost 3 centuries, starting in 1536, exhausted the forces of rivals, but the uncompromising Indians nevertheless achieved their goal - the recognition of Chile's independence.

Three Hundred and Thirty-Five Years' War (335 years)

The 335-year war between the Netherlands and the Scilly archipelago is very different from other wars. At least the fact that for all 335 years the enemies have never even shot at each other. However, everything did not start so peacefully: during the Second English Civil War, parliamentarian Oliver Cromwell defeated the army of his opponents - the royalists. Fleeing from mainland England, the Royalists embarked on a fleet and retreated to a group of Isles of Scilly, which belonged to one of the prominent Royalists. At this time, the Netherlands, watching the conflict from a distance, decided to join the victorious Parliamentarians and sent part of their fleet against the royalist fleet, hoping to win an easy victory. However, the losing side was able to gather their forces into a fist and inflict a crushing defeat on the Dutch. A few days later, the main forces of the Netherlands arrived at the islands, who demanded compensation from the royalists for lost ships and cargo. Having been refused, the Netherlands on March 30, 1651 declared war on the Isles of Scilly and ... sailed. Three months later, the Parliamentarians persuaded the royalists to surrender, but the Netherlands never concluded a peace treaty with the Scilly because of the uncertainty of who to conclude it with at all, since the Scilly had already joined the Parliamentarians, with whom Holland was not at war. The strange "war" did not end until 1985, when Council of Scilly chairman Roy Duncan discovered that the island was technically still at war with the Netherlands. On April 17, 1986, the Dutch ambassador who arrived on the islands finally settled the misunderstanding by signing a peace agreement.

Roman-Persian Wars (721)

Mariusz Kozik | source http://www.lacedemon.info/

The Roman-Persian Wars are a series of military conflicts between Greco-Roman civilization and Iranian state formations. These military clashes could well be combined into one long war, since no one concluded peace treaties during the suspension of hostilities, and the new dynasties of rulers perceived the continuation of the war between the two states as a given.

The conflict between the Parthian Empire and the Roman Republic began as early as 53 BC, when the Roman commander Marcus Licinius Crassus, who owned the Roman province of Syria, invaded Parthia with a large army. The Romans suffered a crushing defeat, and within a few years the Parthians invaded the territories that were under the protectorate of Rome. All further policy between the two powers was reduced to mutual tricks, armed conflicts and the desire to weaken each other as much as possible even in moments of temporary calm. In 226 AD. the place in history instead of the Parthian Empire was occupied by the state of the Sassanids, which still continued to fight with the Roman Empire. After 250 years, when the Roman Empire ceased to exist, the Sassanids continued to fight with its successor, the Eastern Roman Empire. Bloody clashes and fierce battles did not lead to the fact that both states were weakened, as a result of which Iran was captured by the Arab Caliphate in the first half, and the long era of Roman-Persian wars came to an end.

Reconquista (770 years)

Reconquista is a long period of wars in the Iberian Peninsula between the Muslim Moorish emirates and the Christian Portuguese and Spaniards, lasting from 770 AD, when the Arabs conquered most of the Iberian Peninsula, to 1492 AD, when the Christians captured the city of Granada - the capital of the Emirate of Granada, making the peninsula completely Christian.

For hundreds of years, the Iberian Peninsula resembled a giant anthill, when dozens of Christian principalities, often at war with each other, waged an incessant sluggish war with the Arab rulers, sometimes undertaking major military campaigns.

Ultimately, the Muslim forces were completely exhausted and they were driven back from Spain, and with the end of the Reconquista - the longest military conflict in recorded history of mankind - the Age of Discovery began.

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In the history of mankind, various wars occupy a huge place.

They redrawn maps, gave birth to empires, destroyed peoples and nations. The earth remembers wars that lasted more than a century. We recall the most protracted military conflicts in the history of mankind.

1. War without shots (335 years old)

The longest and most curious of the wars is the war between the Netherlands and the Scilly archipelago, which is part of Great Britain.

Due to the lack of a peace treaty, it formally went on for 335 years without firing a shot, which makes it one of the longest and most curious wars in history, and even the war with the least losses.

Peace was officially declared in 1986.

2. Punic War (118 years)

By the middle of the III century BC. the Romans almost completely subjugated Italy, swung at the entire Mediterranean and wanted Sicily first. But the mighty Carthage also claimed this rich island.

Their claims unleashed 3 wars that stretched (intermittently) from 264 to 146. BC. and got the name from the Latin name of the Phoenicians-Carthaginians (puns).

The first (264-241) is 23 years old (began just because of Sicily).

The second (218-201) - 17 years (after the capture of the Spanish city of Sagunta by Hannibal).

The last (149-146) - 3 years.

It was then that the famous phrase "Carthage must be destroyed!" was born. Pure warfare took 43 years. The conflict in total - 118 years.

Results: Besieged Carthage fell. Rome won.

3. Hundred Years War (116 years)

Went in 4 stages. With pauses for truces (the longest - 10 years) and the fight against the plague (1348) from 1337 to 1453.

Opponents: England and France.

Reasons: France wanted to oust England from the southwestern lands of Aquitaine and complete the unification of the country. England - to strengthen influence in the province of Guienne and return those lost under John the Landless - Normandy, Maine, Anjou. Complication: Flanders - formally was under the auspices of the French crown, in fact it was free, but depended on English wool for cloth making.

Reason: the claims of the English king Edward III from the Plantagenet-Anjou dynasty (maternal grandson of the French king Philip IV the Handsome of the Capetian family) to the Gallic throne. Allies: England - German feudal lords and Flanders. France - Scotland and the Pope. Armies: English - mercenary. under the command of the king. The basis is infantry (archers) and knightly units. French - a knightly militia, led by royal vassals.

Turning point: after the execution of Joan of Arc in 1431 and the Battle of Normandy, the national liberation war of the French people began with the tactics of guerrilla raids.

Results: October 19, 1453 the English army capitulated in Bordeaux. Having lost everything on the continent, except for the port of Calais (it remained English for another 100 years). France switched to a regular army, abandoned knightly cavalry, gave preference to infantry, and the first firearms appeared.

4. Greco-Persian War (50 years)

All in all, war. Stretched with lulls from 499 to 449. BC. They are divided into two (the first - 492-490, the second - 480-479) or three (the first - 492, the second - 490, the third - 480-479 (449). For the Greek policies-states - the battle for independence. For the Achaeminid Empire - captivating.

Trigger: Ionian rebellion. The battle of the Spartans at Thermopylae is legendary. The battle of Salamis was a turning point. The point was put by "Kalliev Mir".

Results: Persia lost the Aegean Sea, the coasts of the Hellespont and the Bosporus. Recognized the freedom of the cities of Asia Minor. The civilization of the ancient Greeks entered the time of the highest prosperity, laying the culture, which, even after millennia, the world was equal to.

4. Punic war. The battles lasted 43 years. They are divided into three stages of wars between Rome and Carthage. They fought for dominance in the Mediterranean. The Romans won the battle. Basetop.ru

5. Guatemalan War (age 36)

Civil. It proceeded in outbreaks from 1960 to 1996. A provocative decision by US President Eisenhower in 1954 triggered a coup.

Reason: the fight against the "communist infection".

Opponents: Bloc "Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity" and the military junta.

Victims: almost 6 thousand murders were committed annually, only in the 80s - 669 massacres, more than 200 thousand dead (of which 83% were Maya Indians), over 150 thousand went missing. Outcomes: Signing of the "Treaty for a Lasting and Lasting Peace", which protected the rights of 23 groups of Native Americans.

Outcomes: Signing of the "Treaty for a Lasting and Lasting Peace", which protected the rights of 23 groups of Native Americans.

6. War of the Scarlet and White Roses (33 years old)

Confrontation of the English nobility - supporters of two tribal branches of the Plantagenet dynasty - Lancaster and York. Stretched from 1455 to 1485.

Prerequisites: “bastard feudalism” is the privilege of the English nobility to pay off military service from the lord, in whose hands large funds were concentrated, with which he paid for the army of mercenaries, which became more powerful than the royal one.

The reason: the defeat of England in the Hundred Years War, the impoverishment of the feudal lords, their rejection of the political course of the wife of the feeble-minded king Henry IV, hatred of her favorites.

Opposition: Duke Richard of York - considered the right to power of the Lancasters illegitimate, became regent under an incapacitated monarch, in 1483 - king, was killed at the Battle of Bosworth.

Results: Violated the balance of political forces in Europe. Led to the collapse of the Plantagenets. She placed the Welsh Tudors on the throne, who ruled England for 117 years. Cost the lives of hundreds of English aristocrats.

7. Thirty Years War (30 years)

The first military conflict of a pan-European scale. Lasted from 1618 to 1648. Opponents: two coalitions. The first is the union of the Holy Roman Empire (in fact, Austrian) with Spain and the Catholic principalities of Germany. The second is the German states, where power was in the hands of Protestant princes. They were supported by the armies of reformist Sweden and Denmark and Catholic France.

Reason: The Catholic League was afraid of spreading the ideas of the Reformation in Europe, the Protestant Evangelical Union was striving for this.

Trigger: Revolt of Czech Protestants against Austrian domination.

Results: The population of Germany has decreased by a third. The French army lost 80 thousand. Austria and Spain - more than 120. After the Treaty of Münster in 1648, a new independent state, the Republic of the United Provinces of the Netherlands (Holland), was finally established on the map of Europe.

8. Peloponnesian War (age 27)

There are two of them. The first is the Lesser Peloponnesian (460-445 BC). The second (431-404 BC) is the largest in the history of Ancient Hellas after the first Persian invasion of the territory of Balkan Greece. (492-490 BC).

Opponents: Peloponnesian Union led by Sparta and the First Marine (Delosian) under the auspices of Athens.

Reasons: The desire for hegemony in the Greek world of Athens and the rejection of their claims by Sparta and Corypha.

Contradictions: Athens was ruled by an oligarchy. Sparta is a military aristocracy. Ethnically, the Athenians were Ionians, the Spartans were Dorians. In the second, 2 periods are distinguished.

The first is "Archidamus War". The Spartans made land invasions into the territory of Attica. Athenians - sea raids on the coast of the Peloponnese. It ended in the 421st signing of the Peace of Nikiev. After 6 years, it was violated by the Athenian side, which was defeated in the battle of Syracuse. The final phase went down in history under the name Dekeley or Ionian. With the support of Persia, Sparta built a fleet and destroyed the Athenian at Aegospotami.

Results: After the conclusion in April 404 BC. Theramenian world of Athens lost the fleet, tore down the Long Walls, lost all the colonies and joined the Spartan alliance.

9. Great Northern War (age 21)

There was a northern war for 21 years. She was between the northern states and Sweden (1700-1721), the opposition of Peter I to Charles XII. Russia fought mostly on its own.

Reason: Possession of the Baltic lands, control over the Baltic.

Results: With the end of the war in Europe, a new empire arose - the Russian Empire, which has access to the Baltic Sea and has a powerful army and navy. The capital of the empire was St. Petersburg, located at the confluence of the Neva River into the Baltic Sea.

Sweden lost the war.

10 Vietnam War (age 18)

The Second Indochinese War between Vietnam and the United States and one of the most destructive of the second half of the 20th century. Lasted from 1957 to 1975. 3 periods: guerrilla South Vietnamese (1957-1964), from 1965 to 1973 - full-scale US military operations, 1973-1975. - after the withdrawal of American troops from the territories of the Viet Cong. Opponents: South and North Vietnam. On the side of the South - the United States and the military bloc SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization). North - China and the USSR.

The reason: when the communists came to power in China, and Ho Chi Minh became the leader of South Vietnam, the White House administration was afraid of the communist "domino effect". After Kennedy's assassination, Congress gave President Lyndon Johnson carte blanche to use military force in the Tonkin Resolution. And already in March 65, two battalions of US Army Navy SEALs left for Vietnam. So the States became part of the Vietnamese Civil War. They applied the “search and destroy” strategy, burned the jungle with napalm - the Vietnamese went underground and responded with a guerrilla war.

Who benefits: American arms corporations. US losses: 58 thousand in combat (64% under the age of 21) and about 150 thousand suicides of American veterans of the explosives.

Vietnamese victims: over 1 million who fought and more than 2 civilians, only in South Vietnam - 83 thousand amputees, 30 thousand blind, 10 thousand deaf, after the operation "Ranch Hand" (chemical destruction of the jungle) - congenital genetic mutations.

Results: The Tribunal of May 10, 1967 qualified the US actions in Vietnam as a crime against humanity (Article 6 of the Nuremberg Statute) and banned the use of CBU-type thermite bombs as weapons of mass destruction.

(C) different places on the internet

* Extremist and terrorist organizations banned in the Russian Federation: Jehovah's Witnesses, National Bolshevik Party, Right Sector, Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), Islamic State (ISIS, ISIS, Daesh), Jabhat Fatah ash-Sham", "Jabhat al-Nusra", "Al-Qaeda", "UNA-UNSO", "Taliban", "Majlis of the Crimean Tatar people", "Misanthropic Division", "Brotherhood" Korchinsky, "Trident named after. Stepan Bandera", "Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists" (OUN)

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  Battle of Stalingrad Skopina Olga © IA Krasnaya Vesna On February 2, 1943, the Germans capitulated near Stalingrad. 76 years ago... We fell asleep thinking about you. We turned on the loudspeaker at dawn to hear about your fate. You started our morning. In the cares of the day, dozens of times in a row, clenching our teeth, holding our breath, we repeated: - Courage, Stalingrad! Through our...

  3.02.2019 16:37 69

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  Alexey Volynets

  The last Russian-Turkish war began with a scandal at the top of the Russian Empire

  Finance Minister Baron Mikhail Khristoforovich Reitern The History Collection/Alamy Stock Photo/Vostock Photo The Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878 began almost with an open scandal at the top of the Russian Empire, which postponed it for half a year. On September 14, 1876, the Minister of War sent an urgent telegram to the Minister of Finance, "in order to prepare funds in case of mobilization of troops." The head of the Ministry of Finance, Baron Reitern, defiantly retired to a country estate, ignoring the telegram of the military. Just a challenge...

  3.02.2019 15:49 33

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  arctus

  Polish hero about the crimes of the Ukrainian Nazis

  Jacek Wilchur. You can’t get to heaven right away: Lvov, 1941–1943. Moscow: Regnum Publishing House, 2013 Jacek Wilczur (1925−2018) is not well known to the Russian reader. He was a historian and lawyer, author of works on German studies. The most famous is his monograph "The Deadly Alliance of Hitler and Mussolini" about the destruction of Italian soldiers by the Nazis after Italy left the war on the side of Germany. In addition to scientific activities, ...

  3.02.2019 15:26 41

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  Burkina Faso

  How Telegram was banned before the revolution

  At all times, the authorities are trying to prohibit or take control of all channels of communication between citizens, especially independent ones. We remember this well from the struggle of the Putin regime with Telegram. The Putin regime imagines itself to be the heir to the regime of Nikolai-2 and Stolypin, who also at one time tried to fight such a communication channel of their time as pigeon mail. To do this, let's turn to ...

  31.01.2019 14:41 35

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  Burkina Faso

  The return of Russia that Putin and Govorukhin lost

  The recently outraged situation with the packaging of 9 eggs, as well as the general tendency to pack products in smaller, different from the usual tens, kilograms, etc., non-round weights that make it difficult for Russians to perceive the rise in price of products, makes us take a closer look at our pre-revolutionary past, which was and is being served with times of perestroika, as a lost paradise, as an ideal of well-being and prosperity. If…

  30.01.2019 18:18 111

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  Alexander Gorelik

  Common cause: from Goebbels to Svanidze

  CARD FOR BREAD. PHOTO: SPBDNEVNIK.RU During the Great Patriotic War, the word "fake" was not yet in the Russian language. But the fakes themselves, that is, fake news, have already been. One of the most famous is about tangerines, Bush cakes, rum broads, smoked sausages on the tables of the leaders of Leningrad during the blockade, when thousands of citizens were dying of hunger. About,…

  30.01.2019 13:33 47

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  pioneer lj

  Captains, it's easy to believe in their deceptions

  The other day I watched Galkovsky's video channel, the story about the British Uncle Pasha and Uncle Lyosha seemed to me the most inspired and artistically expressive of all. Although I think it would be even better if the Irish bastards robbed some rookie. And uncles Pasha and Lyosha stood up for him and killed the vile Irish rat. However, these are all artistic excesses, the meaning of the story does not change. History of British...

  29.01.2019 22:37 46

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  Alexey Volynets

  How Russian economic intelligence was founded

  Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire Yegor Kankrin. Vostock Photo Archive 190 years ago, in January 1829, the Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire, Yegor Kankrin, sent a note to Tsar Nicholas I proposing an innovation that was unexpected for that era. The minister suggested establishing special missions in foreign capitals to monitor the economic situation, as well as the latest in science and technology. In those years, the Ministry of Finance was in charge not only of finance, but also of the entire industry of the country, managing "state" factories ...

  29.01.2019 17:16 13

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  Oleg Matveychev

  On breaking the blockade of Leningrad

  Breaking the blockade of Leningrad - 75 years. Some Considerations On this day in 1944, 24 volleys of 324 guns were saluted in honor of the victory in Operation January Thunder - the final lifting of the blockade from the city! For my part, I would recommend the book by G.A. Shigin “The Battle for Leningrad” - quite informative and objective, in addition, written by a Leningrader. I will only note...

  29.01.2019 0:32 24

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  Burkina Faso

  Was the Stalinist USSR Mordor?

  If you watch today's movies and listen to anti-Soviet people fed and nurtured by Putin's government, you may get a depressing impression that the USSR of the Stalin era was one continuous Mordor, where people only knew that they were surviving and fleeing from repression. This is especially true in 1937-38, when for 2 years in a row about 640 thousand people were repressed. These people…

  28.01.2019 17:16 46

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  Diary of Tanya Savicheva

  From besieged Leningrad: December 28, 1941. Zhenya died at 12 o'clock in the morning. Grandmother died on January 25, 1942, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Leka died on March 17 at 5 o'clock in the morning. Uncle Vasya died on April 13 at 2 am. Uncle Lyosha May 10 at 4 pm. Mom - May 13 at 7.30 am ...

  27.01.2019 15:48 87

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  75leningrad

  declassified documents. LADOGA ARTERY: OVERCOMING THE BLOCCADE

  photo from here On the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the lifting of the siege of the city of Leningrad, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation declassified documents who was looking for it. Population, food, industrial cargo, fuel and…

  27.01.2019 15:46 217

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  Belavina Lina Ilyinichna

  The music of besieged Leningrad is a separate page of the heroic chronicle

  (photo from here) Everyone knows Shostakovich's Seventh "Leningrad" symphony. Meanwhile, dozens of composers lived and worked in the besieged city. "Leningraders. 900 days in the name of life” was the name of the unusual concert that took place on the first weekend of September. It was dedicated to the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Siege, which is celebrated on September 8th. The performance was organized by the charitable foundation for support of cultural and social programs "Classics". With…

  27.01.2019 15:22 40

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  bloknot.ru

  On January 27, 1945, the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front liberated the largest fascist mass extermination camp - Auschwitz. As a result, several thousand prisoners were released, whom the Nazis did not have time to kill. Thanks to the quick actions of the Soviet army, the Nazis were unable to destroy not only the prisoners, but also the traces of their crimes. Crematoriums and gas chambers, guns appeared before the eyes of the soldiers-liberators...

The history of mankind is the history of wars. Endless conflicts constantly redrawn maps, destroyed peoples and gave birth to great empires. There were also such wars that lasted for more than a century, that is, there were generations of people who in their lifetime have seen nothing but war.

1. War without shots (335 years)

This unusual war between the Scilly archipelago and the Netherlands is unlike any other war, and indeed is a mere formality. For 335 years, the rivals have never fired at each other, but it all started not so rosy.
It was during the Second English Civil War, when Oliver Cromwell pressed the supporters of the English king. The fleeing royalists embarked on ships and headed for the Isles of Scilly, which were owned by one of the king's followers. The Netherlands all this time vigilantly followed the development of the intra-English conflict, and when Parliament began to win, they decided to support it, sending their ships against the weakened royalist fleet, counting on an easy victory. But it was not for nothing that the British were considered the best naval commanders in the world, they were able to inflict a crushing defeat on the Dutch. A few days later, the main forces of the Dutch fleet also arrived at the islands, demanding that the British reimburse the cost of sunken ships and property. They were refused, after which, at the end of March 1651, the Dutch declared war on the Isles of Scilly, with which they sailed home. After 3 months, Cromwell persuaded the supporters of the king to surrender, but the Netherlands could not conclude a peace treaty, because it was not clear with whom it should have been concluded at all, since the Isles of Scilly had already also gone under the control of the English parliament, with which Holland did not seem to be at war.
The end of the war was put in 1985 by the chairman of the council, Scilly R. Duncan, who discovered in the archives that the territory he ruled formally continued to fight with the Netherlands. On April 17 of the following year, the Dutch ambassador was not too lazy to sail to the island, who signed the belated peace agreement.

2. Punic Wars (118 years)

At the beginning of the formation of the Roman Republic, the Romans were able to subjugate most of the Apennine Peninsula. But the rich island of Sicily remained unconquered. The same goal was achieved by Carthage, a powerful trading power in North Africa. The Romans called the inhabitants of Carthage puns. Having landed simultaneously in Sicily, the two armies inevitably began to fight. There were three Punic Wars in total, which stretched intermittently for 118 years with long intervals of low-level conflict. At the end of the Punic Wars, Carthage was finally destroyed. It is believed that this conflict claimed up to a million lives, which at that time was an incredible number.

3. Hundred Years War (116 years)

It was a war that broke out between medieval France and England and lasted for more than a century. Throughout the war, the parties involved had to take time out during the plague. It was a time when both countries were the strongest powers in Europe with powerful armies and allies. The war was started by England, whose king set out to return the hereditary lands in Normandy, Anjou and the Isle of Man. The French, on the other hand, wanted to drive the British out of Aquitaine and unite all the lands under the French crown. If the British used hired soldiers, then the French militia fought.
During the Hundred Years War, the star of Joan of Arc flashed, which brought many victories to France, but was treacherously executed. After losing their leader, the militias switched to guerrilla warfare methods. In the end, England ran out of resources and conceded defeat, losing virtually all possessions on the continent.

Each culture has its own way of life, traditions and delicacies in particular. What seems normal to some people may be perceived as...

4. Greco-Persian War (50 years)

The war between the Hellenes and the Iranians lasted from 499 to 449 BC. e. At the beginning of the conflict, Persia was a warlike and powerful power. And Hellas as a single state did not even exist yet; instead, there were disunited city-states (policies). It seemed that they had no chance to resist the mighty Persia. But this did not stop the Greeks from starting to destroy the Persian armies. In the process of this, the Hellenes were able to agree to act jointly. After the end of the conflict, Persia recognized the independence of the policies and abandoned the previously captured lands. For Hellas, the heyday has come. Since then, it has become the basis of the culture on the basis of which modern European civilization appeared.

5. Guatemalan War (age 36)

This war began in 1960 and ended in 1996. It was civil in nature. On the one hand, Indian tribes (especially the Maya) participated in it, and on the other, the descendants of the Spaniards. In the 1950s, a coup d'état took place in Guatemala with the complicity of the United States. The opposition began to raise an army of rebels, which was constantly growing. The partisans often captured not only villages, but also large cities, creating their own governing bodies there. Neither side had the strength to win, and the war dragged on. The authorities had to admit that military measures would not be able to resolve the conflict.
The war ended in peace, in which 23 different groups of indigenous people - Indians - were protected. During the conflict, about 200,000 people died, mostly Maya, and about 150,000 more are considered missing.

6. War of the Scarlet and White Roses (33 years old)

In the second half of the 15th century, a war raged in England with a poetic name - the War of the Scarlet and White Roses. In fact, it was a string of civil conflicts that stretched over 33 years. The highest aristocrats, representing two branches - Yorks and Lancasters, fought for power. After many bloody skirmishes, in the end, the Lancasters took over. However, these seas of shed blood were in vain - the Tudors ascended the English throne after a while, who ruled the country for almost 120 years.

It is not always possible for large ships to pass through traditional channels and locks. For example, in a mountainous area there can be a very large drop, where it's just...

7. Thirty Years War (30 years)

This is a prototype of the world war (1618-1648), in which almost all European countries took part, and the reason was the Reformation that began in Europe - the separation of Catholics and Protestants. The war began with a conflict between German Lutherans and Catholics, and then all powers gradually became involved in this local dispute.
Participated in the Thirty Years' War and Russia, only the Swiss remained neutral. The war was unusually bloody, for example, it reduced the population of Germany several times. In the end, it ended with the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia. In Europe, this war destroyed so much everything and everywhere that there was simply no winner in it.

8. Peloponnesian War (age 27)

The ancient city-states of Athens and Sparta took part in the Peloponnesian War. The beginning of the conflict was not accidental. If democracy operated in Athens, then in Sparta there was an aristocracy. Between these policies there was not only a cultural confrontation, but also other strife. In the end, these two strongest cities of Hellas had to find out which of them was more important. If the Athenians raided the Peloponnese peninsula from the sea, then the Spartans terrorized the territory of Attica. After some time, peace was concluded between them, which was soon violated by the Athenians.
After this, the war between Sparta and Athens resumed. The Spartans had the advantage, and Athens received a sensitive defeat at Syracuse. Using the assistance of Persia, the Spartans built their own navy, with the help of which they inflicted a final defeat on their rivals at Aegospotami. As a result of the war, Athens lost all its colonies, and the Athenian policy itself was forcibly included in the Spartan Union.

9. Northern War (21 years old)

The Northern War became the longest in Russian history. In 1700, young Peter's Russia clashed with Sweden, which was very powerful at that time. At first, Peter I received slaps in the face from the Swedish king, but they served as an incentive to start significant changes in the country. Therefore, by 1703, the Russian army managed to win several victories, until it established control over the entire Neva. There, the first emperor of Russia decided to build a new capital of the empire, St. Petersburg, because he could not stand Moscow. A little later, the Russians captured Narva and Dorpat. The Swedish king was eager to take revenge, so his troops in 1708 again attacked Russia. This was a fatal decision for Sweden, whose star then rolled into the sunset.
First, Peter defeated the Swedes under the forest, and then near Poltava, where the decisive battle took place. After the defeat at Poltava, Charles XII forgot not only about the local revenge on the Russian Tsar, but also about the plans to create a "great Sweden". The new king of Sweden, Fredrik I, asked Russia for peace, which was concluded in 1721 and was deplorable for Sweden, which ceased to be a great European power and lost most of its conquered possessions.

10 Vietnam War (age 18)

The US fought tiny Vietnam from 1957 to 1975, but never managed to defeat it. If for America this war is the greatest shame, then for Vietnam it is a tragic, but also a heroic time. The reason for the intervention was the coming of the Communists to power in China and North Vietnam. The American authorities did not want to get a new communist country, so they decided to get involved in an open armed conflict on the side of the forces ruling in South Vietnam. The technical superiority of the American army was overwhelming, but it was leveled by guerrilla methods of warfare and the high morale of the Vietnamese soldiers. As a result, the Americans had to get out of Vietnam.