A) ruff, golden, root c) antonyms, bicycle, bus

B) pencil, bread, suffix d) doctor, astronaut, conjugation

Find a row where all the words are homonyms

A) area, word, vocabulary, cabbage c) leaf, step, mosquito, boy

B) neck, boron, marriage, bow d) answer, language, exercise, reference

3. Determine the type of vocabulary to which the words belong:

Tsybarka (bucket), tsybulya (onion), drobyna (ladder), supper (dinner), gutar (talk), mumbles (drizzles)

4. Find a row where all the words are archaisms:

A) biker, voucher, gendarme c) revolution, language, hit

B) lyceum, piit, cheeks d) eyes, locomotive, boat

What are the names of the following set phrases?

Beat the buckets, lather your neck, cut yourself on the nose, fall into childhood.

Greek-Greek

a) homonyms c) synonyms

b) paronyms d) antonyms

7. In what example is the word DEAF used in its direct meaning?

A) deaf discontent c) deaf consonant

B) deaf to requests d) deaf old man

What are the synonyms?

A) life - worldly c) high - low

B) arrogance - arrogance d) they forced the room with furniture -

I was forced to study

9. In which row are all the words colloquial? A) cashier, razzyava, potatoes c) greedy, potatoes, brothel

B) a doctor, an okhlamo, a merry fellow d) an electric train, a junk dealer, confusion

In which row are all words stylistically colored?

A) a loafer, a lazy person, a truant c) condensed milk, tiny, eyes

B) small, kid, march d) harmful, mischievous, fool

Test 2

Prince Alexander settled down

In the upper room where the commander lived.

As you can see, the commander settled down here -

A whip of bull veins was lying around. (K.Simonov)

2. Determine the type of vocabulary to which the words belong:

Salaga (inexperienced sailor), ancestors (parents), cool (good), pour (tell), ram (bring).

In which row are all phrases - phraseological units?

A) write a report, share, kick

B) win, leave home, favorite book

D) write well, withdraw into yourself, right angle

D) sleeveless, white crow, beat the buckets

What linguistic concept is illustrated by the highlighted words in the poem by M. Tsvetaeva7

“Everything will grind, it will be flour!”

People are comforted by this science.

It will become flour, what was longing?

No, flour is better!

A) homophones c) homographs

B) homoforms d) antonyms

BUT ) Hall full c) thin fingers

B) Hall standing ovation ) steep Coast

In which example is the underlined word used in its direct meaning?

A) clock go b) it has rained c) a man passed d) century passed

7 . In which order do both words belong to the vocabulary of limited use?

A) gutara, computer c) Internet, ram (bring)

B) poet, actor d) chicken, ancestors (parents)

Which of the following words has the meaning "necessary, constant sign, belonging"?

A) attribute b) atavism c) aspect d) association

A) correct - correct, accurate

B) briefing - press conference on policy issues

C) calligraphy - the ability to write correctly

D) consolidation - strengthening, rallying something

What linguistic concept do the words illustrate

Contours - outlines?

A) homonyms b) paronyms c) antonyms d) synonyms

Test 3

What type of linguistic homonymy is used?

little critters

With a swing plopped on his chest

And, madly bouncing, they fell,

But Sokolov stepped on the fall

And steadily continued on his way(N. Zabolotsky)

In which row are all the words borrowed from French?

A) speaker, flare, coat, scarf

B) wardrobe, plot, hockey, finish

C) repertoire, blinds, foyer, director

D) knockout, sprinter, grace, genre

3.In which example is the underlined word used in a figurative sense?

BUT) steep boiling water b )steep rise in ) heavy luggage d) silk the cloth

4.In which example is the word KEY used in its direct meaning?

A) the key to the cipher b) the wrench c) in an optimistic way

D) act in a unified manner

What is the meaning of the word ROAD in the sentence "Work is the road to success"?

A) a place to go or drive to

B) traveling, being on the road

C) a pattern of action, direction of activity

D) a strip of land intended for movement

Which example does not contain a phraseological phrase?

A) He has his own hand in the ministry. b) take control of yourself

B) Get your hands on it. D) Work tirelessly.

Which of the following words means “a person who condemns all wars and demands peace on earth?

A) nationalist B) pacifist c) chauvinist d) militarist

8.Which word has the wrong meaning?

A) Corrupt - illegally enriching official or politician

B) full house - a concert or performance in honor of something

C) scrupulous - accurate to the smallest detail, extremely thorough

D) philanthropist - a rich patron of sciences and arts

In which sentence, instead of the word CLEAR, use the word CLEAR?

A) I saw the clear outlines of the mountains. b) It was a blatant lie.

C) The colonel had a clear dislike for me.

D) This child was an obvious child prodigy.

Determine the meaning of the following paronyms, make phrases with them

Misspelling - unsubscribing, well-fed - satisfying, whiten - turn white, straighten - straighten, assembled - assembly, neighboring - neighborly, act - misconduct.

Test 4

What type of linguistic homonymy is used?

In the camisole Eggplant was full of brilliance,

In the kitchen in the morning he said to Herring:

The cod is conceited!

Look how much cod

I deigned to raise it in a frying pan!

In which row are all the words borrowed?

A) voice, basketball, hockey c) clothes, gates, boat, retail

B) tennis, genre, plot, match d) head, party, entertainer, highway

3. Find a row where only terms are used:

A) vocabulary, syntax, morpheme, suffix c) farm, pattern, tongs, compass

B) newspaper, headline, kuren, pliers d) kochet, speech, city, galley

4.In which example is the underlined word used in a figurative sense?

A) hot coffee b) silk shirt c) silk hair d) gold watch

5. .In which example is the word IRON used in its direct meaning?

A) iron ore b) iron will c) iron logic d) iron grip

In what sentence is the word HOUSE used in the meaning of "family"?

A) We know each other at home. b) There were houses in this alley.

C) Motherland is our common home. D) In ​​the summer we were in a rest house.

In which row is there no phraseological phrase?

A) stepping from foot to foot c) not in the tooth with your foot

B) head to toe d) live in grand style

8. Which of the following words means “a person who is ready to selflessly act for the benefit of others, regardless of his own personal interests”?

A) selfish b) philanthropist c) altruist d) philanthropist

9. The meaning of which word is defined incorrectly?

A) diploma student - a student preparing a thesis

B) certification - carried out by specialists to determine the level of knowledge and skills of an employee or student

C) an amateur antique dealer, connoisseur and collector of antiquities, antiquities

D) argument - a logical argument, a judgment given to prove something

When studying the Russian language at school, quite often there are linguistic terms that are not always clear to schoolchildren. We have tried to compile a short list of the most used concepts with decoding. In the future, schoolchildren can use it when studying the Russian language.

Phonetics

Linguistic terms used in the study of phonetics:

• Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that deals with the study of sound structure.
• Sound is the smallest particle of speech. Highlight sounds.
• A syllable is one or often several sounds pronounced on one exhalation.
• Stress is the allocation of a vowel sound in speech.

• Orthoepy is a section of phonetics that studies the norms of pronunciation of the Russian language.

Spelling

When studying spelling, it is necessary to operate with the following terms:

• Spelling - a section that studies the rules of spelling.
• Spelling - spelling a word in accordance with the application of spelling rules.

Lexicology and phraseology

• A lexeme is a vocabulary unit, a word.
• Lexicology is a section of the Russian language that studies lexemes, their origin and functioning.
• Synonyms are words that have the same meaning when spelled differently.
• Antonyms are words that have the opposite meaning.
• Paronyms are words that have the same spelling but different meanings.
• Homonyms are words that have the same spelling but have different meanings.

• Phraseology is a branch of linguistics that studies phraseological units, their features and principles of functioning in the language.
• Etymology is the science of the origin of words.
• Lexicography is a branch of linguistics that studies the rules for compiling dictionaries and their study.

Morphology

A few words about what Russian linguistic terms are used in the study of the morphology section.

• Morphology is the science of language that studies the parts of speech.
• Noun - Nominal independent It denotes the subject that is being discussed and answers the questions: "who?", "What?".
• Adjective - denotes a sign or state of an object and answers the questions: "what?", "what?", "what?". Refers to independent nominal parts.

• A verb is a part of speech denoting an action and answering the questions: “what is he doing?”, “what will he do?”.
• Numeral - denotes the number or order of objects and at the same time answering the questions: "how much?", "Which?". Refers to independent parts of speech.
• Pronoun - indicates an object or person, its attribute, while not naming it.
• An adverb is a part of speech denoting a sign of action. Answers the questions: "how?", "when?", "why?", "where?".
• A preposition is a part of speech that connects words.
• Union - a part of speech that connects syntactic units.
• Particles are words that give emotional or semantic coloring to words and sentences.

Additional terms

In addition to the terms we have previously mentioned, there are a number of concepts that it is desirable for a student to know. Let's highlight the main linguistic terms that are also worth remembering.

• Syntax is a section of linguistics that studies sentences: features of their structure and functioning.
• Language is a sign system that is constantly in development. Serves for communication between people.
• Idiolect - features of the speech of a particular person.
• Dialects are varieties of one language that are opposed to its literary version. Depending on the territory, each dialect has its own characteristics. For example, okane or akanye.

• Abbreviation is the formation of nouns by abbreviating words or phrases.
• Latinism is a word that came to us into use from the Latin language.
• Inversion - a deviation from the generally accepted word order, which makes the rearranged element of the sentence stylistically marked.

Stylistics

The following linguistic terms, examples and definitions of which you will see, are often encountered when considering

• Antithesis is a stylistic device based on opposition.
• Gradation is a technique based on forcing or weakening homogeneous means of expression.
• Diminutive is a word formed with the help of a diminutive suffix.
• An oxymoron is a technique in which combinations of words with seemingly incompatible lexical meanings are formed. For example, "a living corpse."
• Euphemism is the replacement of a word related to obscene language with neutral ones.
• An epithet is a stylistic trope, often an adjective with expressive coloring.

This is not a complete list of required words. We have given only the most necessary linguistic terms.

conclusions

When studying the Russian language, students now and then come across words whose meanings they do not know. To avoid problems in learning, it is advisable to have your own personal dictionary of school terms in the Russian language and literature. Above, we have given the main linguistic words-terms that you will have to deal with more than once when studying at school and university.

In this work, I want to introduce didactic materials on the culture of speech.

The purpose of this work: the development of students' speech skills, which are necessary both when passing the exam and in communication. Tasks: 1) to introduce the norms of the Russian literary language; 2) to train students in the correct choice of the proposed speech structures.

I build work on this topic sequentially. I start by getting acquainted with the basic norms of the Russian literary language. After that, you can already use task cards. Flashcards can be considered as working material for repetition. In this case, the check is carried out immediately after the work is done. This saves time in the lesson and allows you to quickly analyze the mistakes made. Flashcards can also be used to test student knowledge. For each group of norms, there are several options for tasks, which, first of all, reduces the possibility of cheating. 10 minutes are given to complete the work (according to the number of tasks, there are 7 of them, with the possibility of self-examination, plus 3 minutes). As practice shows, this time is enough. Thus, the time spent in the lesson is minimal. When evaluating the work, the following errors are considered:

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Orthoepic norms

Option number 1

1. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel correctly highlighted?

1) hammer 2) friendly 3) nap 4) chips

2. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound highlighted incorrectly?

1) peanuts 2) spoiled 3) scoop 4) religion

3. In which word is the stress on the first syllable?

1) sorrel 2) excursion 3) expert 4) gypsy

4. Indicate the word in which the stress does not fall on the last syllable?

1) exploded 2) removed 3) created 4) utterly

5. In what word does the highlighted letter denote a soft consonant?

1) atelier 2) coffee 3) cottage 4) sweater

6. In which word does the stress fall on the third syllable?

1) ensure 2) mold 3) force 4) picked up

7. In which word does the stress fall on the third syllable?

1) anatomist 2) started 3) rust 4) winterer

Orthoepic norms

Option number 2

1. Indicate the verb in which the stress falls on the stem.

1) took 2) collected 3) kicked out 4) lied

2. In which word is the stress on the last syllable?

1) facsimile 2) beets 3) crushed stone 4) porcelain

1) dispensary 2) nettle 3) lived 4) pseudonym

1) Timbre 2) morpheme 3) overcoat 4) cream

1) flounder 2) lighten 3) pullover 4) dancer

6. Indicate the word in which [o] is pronounced in place of the highlighted letter.

1) life 2) edge 3) simultaneous 4) predicted

7. Indicate the word in which stress variants are allowed.

1) combiner 2) blinds 3) apostrophe 4) jagged

Orthoepic norms

Option number 3

1. Indicate the verb in the feminine form of the past tense, in which the stress is correctly placed.

1) called 2) took 3) waited 4) knew

2. In which word does the stress fall on the second syllable?

1) statue 2) catalog 3) iconography 4) pullover

3. In which word does the stress fall on the second syllable?

1) briefly 2) scoop 3) cotton 4) for a long time

4. Indicate the word in which the highlighted consonant is pronounced firmly.

1) cream 2) grotesque 3) overcoat 4) effect

5. In which word does the stress fall on the third syllable?

1) oil pipeline 2) salmon 3) promised 4) petition

1) sparkling 2) otherwise 3) popular 4) kitchen

7. In the words of which series, the stress falls on the second syllable?

1. deepen, catalogue, dispensary
2. intention, clog, took
3. accepted, apostrophe, alphabet
4. grandfather, caught up, phenomenon

Orthoepic norms

Option number 4

1) heels 2) feeding 3) shoe 4) tradesman

2. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel correctly highlighted?

1) congress of rectors 3) at the funeral

2) board of directors 4) from the airport

3. In which word is the stress on the second syllable?

1) obituary 2) dispensary 3) scoop 4) facsimile

4. In what word does the highlighted letter denote a soft consonant?

1) Abstracts 2) sandwich 3) Terrace 4) Thermos

5. In which word does the stress fall on the third syllable?

1) Christian 2) understood 3) prettier 4) uncork

6. Indicate the word in which stress variants are allowed.

1) convocation 2) gas pipeline 3) cottage cheese 4) iconography

7. In what series of words does the stress fall on the first syllable?

1. kitchen, dry, moldy 3) blinds, carpenter, lied
2. waited, leisure, rhubarb 4) agent, loan, driver

Orthoepic norms

Option number 5

1. In what word does the stress fall on the first syllable?

1) expert 2) cleaner 3) jealous 4) hyphen

2 . In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel correctly highlighted?

1) aggravate 2) customs 3) Christian 4) hosts

3. In which word does the stress fall on the second syllable?

1) statue 2) scoop 3) took away 4) sorrel

4. In what word does the highlighted letter indicate a hard consonant?

1) museum 2) tests 3) academician 4) theme

5. In which word is the stress on the fourth syllable?

1) inform 2) democracy 3) aristocracy 4) frost

6. Indicate a word in which a double pronunciation is possible in place of CHN - [shn] and [ch].

1) bakery 2) scrambled eggs 3) birdhouse 4) fiddling

7. In which row in all words do the highlighted letters represent solid consonants?

1) macrame, highway, tennis

2) modernization, overcoat, cashmere

3) cafe, coffee, grotesque

4) Integration, Hyphen, Delicacies

Lexical norms

Option number 1

1. What word means "inactive, inactive"?

1) melancholic 2) ordinary 3) concise 4) inert

2. Which of the following words means “a person who is ready to selflessly act for the benefit of others, regardless of his own personal interests”?

1) egoist 2) philanthropist 3) altruist 4) philanthropist

3. In what example is the highlighted word used in a figurative sense?

1. hot coffee 3) silk hair
2. silk shirt 4) gold watch

4. In which row is there no phraseological phrase?

1) step from foot to foot 3) not in the tooth with your foot

2) head to toe 4) live big

5. In which example is the highlighted word

1) the clock is running 3) the person has passed

2) the rain has passed 4) the century has passed

6 . In which sentence instead of the word vociferous need to use the word voice?

1) In the evenings, a vociferous accordion was filled in the village.

3) Vladimir Mayakovsky was one of the vociferous poets of his time.

turtle need to use the word tortoise?

1) Turtle soup was served first.

2) He approached the target at a snail's pace.

3) Turtle cubs have long since hatched.

4) Turtle shell has a special strength.

Lexical norms

Option number 2

1. What linguistic concept illustrates words Greek - Greek?

1) homonyms 2) paronyms 3) synonyms 4) antonyms

2. What is the meaning of the word landscape?

1. mountainous terrain
2. general view of the area
3. area with trees and shrubs
4. vegetation

3. Which of the following words means “a person who helps the needy, does charity work”?

1) philanthropist 2) altruist 3) philanthropist 4) pacifist

4. In what example is the highlighted word used in a figurative sense?

1. boiling water 3) heavy luggage
2. steep climb 4) silk fabric

5. In which sentence is the use of a borrowed word appropriate?

1) Yesterday guests came to us on a friendly visit.

2) Depreciation deductions must be made monthly.

3) In many areas of the city, water was at a minimum.

4) He told me with apogee about it.

6. In what example is the highlighted word used in a figurative sense?

1) the hall is full 3) thin fingers

2) hall standing ovation 4) steep bank

7. In which sentence instead of a word explicit need to use the word explicit?

1) I saw the clear outlines of mountains.

2) It was a clear lie.

3) The colonel had a clear dislike for me.

4) This child was an obvious child prodigy.

Lexical norms

Option number 3

1. What linguistic concept is illustrated by the words contours - outlines?

1) homonyms 2) paronyms 3) antonyms 4) synonyms

2. Which of the following words has the meaning "one who preaches national and racial exclusivity, incites national enmity"?

1) terrorist 2) chauvinist 3) pacifist 4) militarist

3. Which of the following words has the meaning of "necessary, constant sign, belonging"?

1) attribute 2) atavism 3) aspect 4) association

4. In what example is the highlighted word used in its direct meaning?

1) golden autumn 3) golden bracelet

2) golden hands 4) golden character

5. In which sentence instead of a word economical need to use the word economical?

1) A new economical machine was created.

2) With a few economical touches, the author paints a vivid picture of reality.

3) New building materials are very economical in construction.

4) This method is very economical in agriculture.

double need to use the word dual?

1) Our agronomist was the first to think of planting the entire large area with a double row of lindens.

2) He threw away the book with a mixed feeling of envy and contempt, this double feeling did not leave him for a long time.

3) All this could have been a clever trick, calculated on the fact that the employee will enter into the confidence of the enemies and start a double game.

4) In this city, all the old merchant surnames were double.

7. Which example does not contain a phraseological phrase?

1) He has his own hand in the Ministry. 3) To clean up the hands.

2) Take control of yourself. 4) Work tirelessly.

Lexical norms

Option number 4

1. In which series are not all words included in the synonymic series?

1. big, large, enormous, colossal
2. advantage, superiority, preponderance
3. meek, gentle, without anger, angelic, good-natured
4. shout, yell, yell, roar

2. In what case is the meaning of the word defined incorrectly?

1. audience - an official reception with a high-ranking person;
2. full house - a humorous program;
3. scam - an unscrupulous fraudulent enterprise, business, action;
4. analogy - similarity between phenomena or concepts.

3. Which of the following words means "wealthy patron of science and art"?

1) businessman 2) oligarch 3) philanthropist 4) producer

4. In which example is the word head used literally?

1. He is with us all the way head. 3) He is a man with a head.
2. Head infantry column. 4) Put on a hat head.

5. Indicate the sentence in which the phraseological phrase is used without errors.

1. He knew how to defend his point of view.
2. He passed the exam with grief in half.
3. She does not want to rely on laurels.
4. The cup of his patience finally burst.

6. In which row are the words synonymous?

1. charming, charming, funny
2. express, express, name
3. thoughts, feelings, thoughts
4. bring to fruition, bring to fruition

7. In which sentence instead of a word diplomatic need to use the worddiplomatic?

1. Of evasive and overly diplomatic performance of the employee, it remained unclear what changes the team expects in the near future.
2. Cautious and diplomatic expressions helped soften
   difficult negotiating situation.
3. Diplomatic etiquette was violated by people who did not own

knowledge about the norms of speech behavior adopted in this country.

4) He was an exceptionally intelligent person, soft, subtle, very diplomatic.

Lexical norms

Option number 5

1. In which row are synonyms presented?

1. life - worldly
2. arrogance - arrogance
3. high Low
4. the room was forced to furnish - I was forced to study

2. The meaning of which word is indicated incorrectly?

1. corrupt - an illegally enriched official or politician;
2. full house - a concert or performance in honor of someone;
3. scrupulous - accurate to the smallest detail, extremely thorough;
4. philanthropist - a rich patron of sciences and arts.

3. Which of the following words has the meaning of "a science that studies the material and spiritual culture of peoples"?

1) mythology 2) ethnography 3) bibliography

4) ecology

4. In which example is the word key used literally?

1. key to cipher 3) in the optimistic vein
2. wrench 4) act in a single vein

5. In which sentence is the use of colloquial and colloquial vocabulary appropriate?

1. Our athletes completely lost the last competition.
2. The director in his speech drew attention to the fact that some students shirk cleaning the territory.

3) Thanks to the investments, the plant began to work without buildup.
4) It's great that the whole class is going on a hike.

6. In which sentence instead of a word ice need to use the word ice?

1. It is impossible to describe the brightness and colorfulness of the polar ice sea.
2. Lake Ladoga was ice the route that brought life to the people of Leningrad.
3. He spoke these words ice voice.
4. Change in ice conditions in the Arctic seas represents
   great scientific interest.

7. In which sentence instead of a word pay need to use the word pay?

1. The institution pays travel expenses.
2. Wages paid late.
3. At the end of the year, employees paid the premium.
4. Writer at a publishing house paid a fee.

Morphological norms

Option number 1

1. Indicate an example in which the norms of shaping are not violated.

1. eight apples 3) weaker
2. a pair of boots 4) berries have become sweeter

2. Mark an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. more beautiful scenery
2. both students
3. more than eighty five kilograms
4. new treaties

3. Indicate an example in which the norms of shaping are not violated.

1. seven kilograms of eggplant
2. the most convenient way
3. new drivers
4. five students

1. most successfully 3) sore callus
2. doing what you need 4) put on the table

1. both hands
2. autumn apples are more acidic
3. died in battle
4. great teachers of mankind

6. Indicate an example in which the norms of shaping are not violated.

1. admire the deep Mississippi
2. we saw a nest ravaged by a predator
3. kilogram of apricots
4. both students completed their homework

1) two people 3) big callus

2) the most important 4) directors of enterprises

Morphological norms

Option number 2

1. both banks 3) sing louder
2. a pair of jeans 4) the berry is sweeter

1. younger brother
2. our guys
3. three hundred and sixty five people
4. a pair of slippers

1. with their girl 3) run faster
2. more practical 4) on a beautiful sconce

4. Mark an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. rested near the coast 3) come quickly
2. five cans of sprat 4) this example is more interesting

5. Indicate an example in which the norms of shaping are not violated.

1. fifty hundred rubles 3) a pair of stockings
2. lie down on the sofa 4) a pair of socks

6. Mark an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. old trainers 3) put the bags
2. five oranges 4) black veil

7. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1) on the forehead 3) six hundred and seven people

2) truncated cones 4) died

Morphological norms

Option number 3

1. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. new drivers 3) both books
2. 4) high speeds put into bags

2. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. sound disappeared 3) three scissors
2. without shoulder straps 4) with two hundred rubles

3. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. beautiful tulle 3) less than five hundred years old
2. highest score 4) school principals

4. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. jam pie 3) from their balcony
2. in front of both countries 4) many kilograms of apricots

5. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.
1) better 3) deaf

2) a pair of jeans 4) nine hundred ninety-nine trees

1. two people 3) big callus
2. the most important 4) directors of enterprises

7. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. 2000s 3) northern fleets
2. no seats 4) put in place

Morphological norms

Option number 4

1. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. a pair of jeans
2. about eight hundred people came to the rally
3. these berries are sweeter
4. did not receive my ballot on time

2. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. talking about you 3) jam pie
2. put it on a shelf 4) the edge of the book will fray

3. Mark an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. a pair of stockings 3) more than fifty rubles
2. go today 4) the pattern is more beautiful

4. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. plastic buckets
2. worst case
3. seven hundred and sixty seven trees
4. kilogram of waffles

5. Specify an example in which the norms of shaping are violated.

1. no apricots 3) modern printers
2. five hundred books 4) the smartest

6. Mark an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. delicious cakes 3) by five hundred trees
2. finger with a callus 4) in two thousand and four

7. Indicate an example in which the norms of shaping are not violated.
1) seven hundred rubles 3) five students

2) twenty loops 4) experienced trainers

Morphological norms

Option number 5

1. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. sister is younger than brother
2. seven hundred fifty eight
3. the weather improved, contrary to forecasts
4. experienced drivers

2. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. the flower quickly withered
2. the best remedy
3. sweet pretzels
4. to three hundred and sixty-eight kilograms

3. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. the best option 3) beautiful cakes
2. five hundred and fifty pages 4) five amperes

4. Indicate an example in which the norms of shaping are not violated.

1. their computers
2. more sullen
3. pack of pasta
4. five hundred and fifty fifth page

5. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. After graduating from school, he entered the institute
2. several key rings
3. modern trendy tulle
4. seventy five kilograms

6. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1. five kilograms of tomatoes 3) he is younger
2. old oak withered 4) delicious cakes

7. Indicate an example in which the norms of shaping are violated.

1. most relevant 3) two hundred and twenty volts
2. voice became louder 4) go to the city

Option number 1

1. don't forget to repeat the rules of spelling and punctuation.
2. it is necessary to repeat the entire school course.
3. Student advice can help you.
4. you need to use dictionaries.

Realizing your mistakes

1. it enriches everyone's experience.
2. an unexpected solution may appear.
3. accumulated life experience.
4. a person will not repeat them in the future.

Acquainted with the etymology of some Russian words,

1. it turns out that many of them are borrowed.
2. this often aids their correct spelling.
3. you start paying attention to their spelling.
4. it is striking that many of them are taken from other languages.

Listening to your favorite music

1. There is always something new that hasn't been seen before.
2. time seems to cease to exist.
3. every time you discover something new in it.
4. she, surprisingly, never gets bored.

Traveling by car

1. don't forget to study the map of the area.
2. she was in a good mood.
3. the route is determined first.
4. you should be comfortable.

Using an explanatory dictionary,

1. I was struck by the richness of our language.
2. take a look at the illustrations.
3. many words will be unknown to you.

7. Indicate a sentence with a participial turnover that does not contain errors.

1. Having rested, gaining strength, the work began to be done faster.
2. Arriving on vacation, we first took care of housing.
3. After fixing the pencil, it quickly broke.
4. Entering the tram and driving a little, the controllers entered it.

Syntactic norms (construction of sentences with adverbial turnover)

Option number 2

1. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Using additional literature,

1. writing an essay will not be a problem for you.
2. you can easily complete the task.
3. students had to search for the necessary information for a long time.
4. it helps in preparing for exams.

2. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Having become a creator, an artist 100 - 50 thousand years ago,

1. the consciousness of primitive man has changed.
2. human transformation begins.
3. man remains so to this day.
4. perhaps, in the beginning, man was driven only by practical goals.

3. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Using a phraseological dictionary,

1. I was struck by the richness of the language.
2. read the introductory article first.
3. explain the meaning of this expression.
4. some of the examples will sound familiar to you.

4. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Exploring the work of Pushkin,

1. marvel at the versatility of the poet's talent.

1. features of classicism, sentimentalism and romanticism are revealed.

1. the versatility of his talent is admirable.
2. Literary scholars have many more discoveries to make.

5. Indicate a sentence with a participial turnover that does not contain an error.

1. Carried away by many sciences, paleontology attracted him most of all.
2. Afraid of being late for the exam, he woke up very early.
3. Splendidly growing in summer, you can admire the southern front gardens for a long time.
4. When visiting foreign countries, the beauty of their nature delights us.

6. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Rushing to the exam

1. excitement should not overcome you.
2. It turned out that I had forgotten the cheat sheets.
3. don't forget what you've learned.
4. the hours were running fast.

Escaping from the heat

1. need a shadow.
2. hot green tea may help.
3. air conditioners help.
4. animals can hibernate in summer.

Syntactic norms (construction of sentences with adverbial turnover)

Option number 3

1. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Working on an essay

1. first, a plan is made.
2. consider its composition.
3. you need additional materials.
4. nothing should distract you.

2. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Carefully examining the found substance,

1. scientists have found that it contains the rarest elements.
2. its chemical composition was found to be unusual.
3. its chemical composition has been determined.
4. its use cannot be determined.

Solving the problem

1. read the terms and conditions carefully.
2. guides are used.
3. you can't use a calculator.
4. there may be several answers.

4. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Reading Russian classical literature,

1. you will enrich yourself with the knowledge of the history of our country.
2. There is a lot to learn from many characters.
3. admires the style of such writers as Chekhov, Bunin, Korolenko.
4. life and customs of our people are being recreated.

5. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Analyzing the work of Pushkin,

1. Literary critics are waiting for many more discoveries.
2. features of many genres and directions are found.
3. one is struck by the versatility of his talent.
4. his talent is admirable.

6. Indicate a sentence with a participial turnover that does not contain errors.

1. After reviewing the results of the study, much becomes clear.
2. After reading an article by a well-known journalist, I was left with the impression of understatement.
3. After walking several kilometers, fatigue knocked us off our feet.
4. With a sense of time, you can do a lot.

looking at me from head to toe,

1. his face expressed complete disappointment.
2. I found this silence strange.
3. She asked to continue to warn about the arrival.
4. he needed to sort out his feelings.

Syntactic norms (construction of sentences with adverbial turnover)

Option number 4

After watching the new film by E. Ryazanov,

1. we got sad.
2. everyone liked him very much.
3. I wanted to read the script.
4. We decided to express our opinion to the director.

2. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Preparing for the exam in the Russian language,

1. explanatory and other dictionaries help you.
2. writing an essay is one of the most difficult tasks.
3. study all sections of the course and the rules of spelling and punctuation.

1. Part B assignments require deep knowledge of theoretical material.

3. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

After reading the manuscript of a novice writer for the second time,

1. I was seized with doubts.
2. corrector found an actual error.
3. I was informed that it was being prepared for publication.
4. I thought about his talent.

4. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Going beyond the clouds

1. the whole neighborhood suddenly took on an ominous look.
2. The sun didn't come out for a long time.
3. dusk has come.
4. darkness covered the forest.

5. Indicate the sentence in which the adverbial turnover is used correctly.

1. Naming similar objects with the same word, there is
   ambiguity.
2. Establishing the relationship of languages, this serves as a valuable material for historians.
3. Without water, birds of prey get moisture from food.
4. By inventing a way to record gestures, it would help people of different nationalities communicate.

Studying the history of your country,

1. chronicles will help you with this.
2. read the memoirs of eyewitnesses of historical events.
3. Museums hold many unique documents.
4. archives play a huge role.

7. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Preparing to write an essay

1. you need the critical literature of your contemporaries.
2. extracts from criticism.
3. it is undesirable to use ready-made samples.
4. Be sure to read the book itself first.

Syntactic norms (construction of sentences with adverbial turnover)

Option number 5

1. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Having been on an excursion in Taganrog,

1) the photographs captured all the monuments that we saw.

2) we got a wonderful guide who knows the history of his hometown very well.

1. in the city they carefully treat everything with which the name of Chekhov is connected.
2. we saw the houses in which the prototypes of the heroes of Chekhov's works lived.

2. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Approaching the forest

1) I was scared.

2) it was raining heavily.

1. it started to get dark.
2. I involuntarily slowed down my steps.

3. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Working on a review

1) the main idea is not immediately determined.

1. the text was evaluated.
2. Determine the main idea of ​​the text first.
3. language means of expressiveness of the text are analyzed.

4. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Reading the story a second time

1. I think he is imperfect.
2. I liked his composition.

4) some similarities with other works of the same author were found.

5. Indicate the sentence in which a mistake was made when using the adverbial turnover.

1) Having written an essay, the graduates began to prepare for the next exam.

2) Having metWiththe works of a famous linguist, I decided to become a philologist.

3) Studying the work of this writer, we learned a lot about the past of our country.

4) When preparing for the Russian language exam, explanatory dictionaries will help us.

6. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Preparing for oral presentation

1. get to the bottom of the issue.
2. the personal conviction of the speaker is required.
3. I have my own vision of the problem.
4. the point of view of the opponent became clear.

7. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Coming back from work

1. I stopped by on the way to a friend.
2. there were traffic jams on the roads.
3. suddenly the weather turned bad and it began to rain.
4. shops are no longer open.

Syntactic norms

Option number 1

1. He paid little attention to this building.
2. After paying the fare, I drove on.
3. We were just talking about this film yesterday.
4. The slope of the mountain, along which we descended and overgrown with dense ferns, was very steep.

2. Indicate the sentence in which the syntactic norms are not violated.

1. The conversation with the head of the department lasted a long time.
2. We haven't seen each other for a week, but we already miss him.
3. We bought a beautiful fashionable tulle.
4. He remembered the taiga and how he hunted a bear.

1. You need to learn grammar to avoid mistakes.
2. Upon arrival in Taganrog, he called me.
3. The employee was fired as ordered.
4. We ate sandwiches with delicious salami.

1. It got colder and we put on warm coats.
2. I missed you very much.
3. The commission established the causes of the accident.
4. It was raining and two students.

5. Indicate a sentence without a grammatical error.

1. At the last competitions, the car "Zhiguli" came first.
2. According to the order of the rector, the head of the department went on a business trip.
3. Those days are long gone, but we remember them well.
4. My desk mate asked who would go to football with me.

6. Indicate a sentence that does not contain a grammatical error.

7. Indicate the sentence in which there is no grammatical error.

1. Everyone who worked on the improvement of the school garden was thanked.

2. She is an excellent teacher.

2. Garibaldi led the movement of Italians fighting for the independence of their homeland.

Syntactic norms

Option number 2

1. In which phrase are syntactic norms observed?

1. strong coffee 3) defeated
2. spoke for book 4) according to plan

2. Which sentence has no grammatical error?

1. Despite our persuasion, he did what he wanted.
2. Do not attach much importance to this information.
3. The head of the clinic received us quickly.

1. For an applicant who wants to study at this faculty, it will be necessary to know English.

3. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).

1. Lightning in the darkness seemed whiter and more dazzling, so that the eyes hurt.
2. When the sun rose from behind the sea, it illuminated the mountain peaks covered with snow.
3. The blizzard was getting stronger, as if hordes of snow giants had flown in from somewhere beyond the Volga and were waving their wide white sleeves.
4. The view that opens up before a traveler who has come to the shore of Lake Baikal remains in memory for a lifetime.

4. In which sentence is there no grammatical error (syntactic norms are not violated)?

1. On vacation, I will go to my grandmother in the village, which is located on the banks of the Don.
2. Yesterday we returned from school late in the evening.
3. “I miss you,” I wrote in a letter.
4. The most ancient monuments of literature that have come down to us date back to the 11th century.

1. There was a flash of bright lightning, followed by a sharp clap of thunder.
2. The mood of the crew, beyond usual, was upbeat.
3. Immediately it became audible how the wind rustled in the crown of trees.
4. Despite the stormy weather, a patrol ship went out to sea.

6. In which sentence can the subordinate clause of a complex sentence be replaced by a separate definition expressed by participial turnover?

1. Not a single photograph conveyed the special reflection that lay on it.
2. When the cart that brought Leontiev to the cordon disappeared, he looked around and sighed.
3. The land with which the two were starving can never stop loving.
4. The sound that caught his attention seemed very strange.

7. In which sentence can the subordinate clause be replaced by participial turnover?

1. The sea, which raged all night, was already serene and calm in the morning.
2. The maid was an orphan who, fleeing from starvation,
   should have been in service.
3. The sky was all in the stars, which radiated an even, quiet light.
4. The fun evening that started without us was in full swing.

Syntactic norms

Option number 3

1. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error.

1. When the performance ended, all the actors went on stage and bowed.
2. In his diaries, the author describes in detail the journey to the Caucasus.
3. Turgenev was a writer, unusually sensitive to the beauty of the word.
4. Chaliapin was a genius on the dramatic stage as well as on the opera.

1. I not only read newspapers, but also magazines.
2. You can still find a lot of interesting material in Ogonyok.
3. This students were brought up in school.
4. I took the book that was on the table and belonged to the teacher.

3. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).

1. The flame ran over to the needles and, fanned by the wind, flared up with a groan and whistle.
2. Despite the early hour the streets were full of people.
3. Our camp in the bay, contrary to the expectations of many, dragged on.
4. This autumn burst into their native places, albeit at the right time, but still especially suddenly and abruptly.

4. Which sentence has no grammatical error?

1. It rained against the forecast.
2. After school I will go to my grandmother.
3. I returned from school late.
4. I recovered thanks to the treatment.

5. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).

1. The state of affairs in the company leaves much to be desired.
2. My friend is a big sweetie.
3. We sincerely rejoiced at their success.
4. Dominic stood almost on the very bank of the river, which descended steeply to the rocks that could be seen in the distance.

6. In which sentence can the subordinate clause be replaced by participial turnover?

1. The wind that rose at night fanned the flames of the fire.
2. The decoration of the apartment in which he lived alone was very poor.
3. Glades that were strewn with birch leaves breathed the sun.
4. The peasants who accompanied us showed us the house we needed.

7. From the listed sentences, choose the correct one.

1. I will go to university when I finish school.
2. Students who take part in the Olympiad and who pass two rounds will receive diplomas.
3. Children, boys and girls, walked in the park.
4. The train arrived on schedule.

Syntactic norms

Option number 4

1. Indicate a sentence without grammatical errors (correctly constructed).

1. In the story "The Jumper" Chekhov condemns idleness.
2. The whole house was filled not only with sighs, but also with disturbing squeaks.
3. One of the heroes of the novel, looking for the meaning of life, opens the way to inner freedom.
4. A coordinating union is used and connects homogeneous members of a sentence.

2. Indicate a sentence that does not contain a grammatical error.

1. As soon as I got home, I called my friends.
2. Arriving a couple of days earlier and starting to work for a long time postponed, I suddenly felt an insurmountable fatigue.
3. He was constantly asked whether he would complete the book he had begun.
4. Dense lilac grew near his house?

3. Point out the sentence with a grammatical error.

1. There are still no reviews for the theatre's premiere performance.
2. His mother was worried about him and Nina.
3. In winter we missed the sea.

1. People revere and bow before the merits of this famous doctor.

4. Which sentence has no grammatical error?

3. Iwashi was stale.

5. Which sentence has no grammatical error?

1. It should be noted about the high activity of the audience.
2. I tell you for this.
3. You have to pay for travel.
4. I missed my family.

6. Which sentence has no grammatical error?

1. Pay no attention to such trifles.
2. It was his characteristic handwriting.
3. Iwashi was stale.
4. Whoever came to our city admired its provincial antiquity.

7. Indicate the sentence in which the syntactic norms are observed.

1. No one, not even the most famous physicians, could give him a correct diagnosis.
2. With great success, they performed as well-known actors involved in the play, as well as all the other participants.
3. The horses of the Cossacks, who were covered with foam from the unbearable heat, climbed heavily along the steep path.
4. A new article by a famous scientist talks about ancient culture and modern art.

Syntactic norms

Option number 5

1. Which sentence has no grammatical error?

1. Such behavior is not characteristic of an educated person.
2. We drank strong black coffee.
3. The peasantry always fought against the landlords.
4. The floor is presented to the principal of the school.

2. Point out the sentence with a grammatical error.

1. One of the independent types of art that has existed since the end of the 15th century is graphics.
2. Everyone who loves Russian culture in other countries knows the names of great poets and writers - Pushkin, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy.
3. Upon arrival from St. Petersburg, Gogol settled in the Aksakovs' house (now on Suvorovsky Boulevard).

4) V.P. Aksakov wrote about his attitude to classical music in the essay "Postscript".

3. Which sentence has no grammatical error?

1. The poem "Dead Souls" was the last work of art by N.V. Gogol.
2. Old people are indulgent to the pranks of children.
3. Children rarely listen and follow the advice of their parents.
4. The trolleybus driver asked the passengers to pay for the fare.

4. Indicate a sentence that does not contain a grammatical error.

1. The state of affairs in our organization leaves much to be desired.
2. We rejoiced at the success of the graduates.
3. The prince gathered a lot of people.
4. Unbearable heat and drought lasted for more than a month.

5. Indicate a sentence that does not contain a grammatical error.

1. Everyone who worked on the improvement of the school garden was thanked.
2. The writer vividly and talentedly showed what worries him.
3. She is an excellent teacher.
4. Garibaldi led the movement of Italians fighting for
   the independence of their homeland.

6. In which sentence, the subordinate clause of a complex sentence cannot be replaced by a separate definition, expressed by participle turnover?

1. I remember I opened the book, standing near the kiosk where I bought it.
2. We have had and still have writers who managed to introduce science into their stories and novels as the most necessary quality of prose.
3. The writer is occupied with a dream that lives in everyone's heart, whether he is a lumberjack, a shoemaker, a hunter or a famous scientist.
4. Green's stories were intoxicating, like the fragrant air that knocks us off our feet after the fumes of stuffy cities.

7. Which sentence has no grammatical error?

1. The classes were held according to the schedule.
2. One of the Russian writers who described Russian life in detail was Ivan Bunin.
3. The peasantry fought against the landlords for many centuries.
4. He is not far from the truth in his statements.

Tasks	Options
	1	2	3	4	5
1	4	3	4	3	2
2	3	4	4	1	4
3	2	2	4	4	4
4	4	1	2	3	2
5	2	2	2	2	3
6	1	2	1	3	1
7	3	1	2	1	1

Answers

Orthoepic norms

Tasks	Options
	1	2	3	4	5
1	4	2	4	3	2
2	3	2	2	2	2
3	3	3	1	3	2
4	1	1	3	4	2
5	3	2	2	2	4
6	2	2	2	4	3
7	1	1	1	3	1

Lexical norms

Tasks	Options
	1	2	3	4	5
1	1	2	2	4	4
2	4	3	1	3	4
3	3	3	1	4	3
4	3	1	1	2	1
5	1	2	3	3	4
6	3	3	4	2	1
7	2	4	3	4	1

Morphological norms

Tasks	Options
	1	2	3	4	5
1	3	1	4	4	3
2	3	2	4	2	2
3	2	1	3	4	3
4	2	3	1	4	4
5	2	4	1	2	1
6	3	1	2	2	3
7	2	2	3	3	4

Syntactic norms (construction of sentences with adverbial turnover)

Syntactic norms

Tasks	Options
	1	2	3	4	5
1	2	4	1	2	2
2	3	2	2	4	2
3	3	2	4	4	4
4	1	4	1	1	4
5	3	3	1	3	1
6	4	3	2	1	1
7	1	2	4	4	1

To lesson number 1.

Learning Test #1

Vocabulary

A1. What linguistic concept do the words illustrate walnut- Greek?

1) homonyms 2) paronyms 3) synonyms 4) antonyms

A2. What linguistic concept do the underlined words in M. Tsvetaeva's poem illustrate?

"Everything will be crushed, there will be flour !»

People are comforted by this science.

It will become flour, what was longing?

no better flour !

1) homophones 2) homoforms 3) homographs 4) antonyms

A3. What linguistic concept do the words illustrate contours - outlines?

1) homonyms 2) paronyms 3) antonyms 4) synonyms

A4. In which example is the underlined word used in a figurative sense?

1) Hall full 3) thin fingers

2) Hall standing ovation 4) steep Coast
A5. In which example is the underlined word used in a figurative sense?

1) steep boiling water 3) heavy luggage

2) steep rise 4) silk the cloth
A6. In which example is the underlined word used in a figurative sense?

1) hot coffee 3) silk hair

2) silk shirt 4) gold watch
A7. In which example is the underlined word used in its direct meaning?

I) the clock is running 2) rain passed 3) man passed 4) a century has passed
A8. In which example is the word KEY used in its direct meaning?

1) the key to the cipher 3) in an optimistic key

2) wrench 4) act in a single key
A9. In which example is the word IRON used in its direct meaning?

1) iron ore 3) iron logic

2) iron will 4) iron grip
A10. In what example is the word DEAF used in its direct meaning?

1) deaf discontent 3) deaf consonant

2) deaf to requests 4) deaf old man
A11. In what example is the word LANGUAGE used in its direct meaning?

1) dissolve the tongue 3) delicious jellied tongue

2) tongues of flame 4) try on the tongue
A12. In what sentence is the word TABLE used in the meaning of "food, food"?

1) Take a book and a notebook, you sit down at the table.

2) There was a beautiful service on the kitchen table.

3) His table was unpretentious: he loved lamb, fatty cabbage soup.

4) Negotiations at the round table took place.
A13. In which sentence is the word BREAD used in the meaning of "sustenance"?

1) The bread was removed and brought to the elevator.

2) Man does not live by bread alone.

3) My brother likes rye bread.

4) This work is true bread.
A14. In what sentence is the word HOUSE used in the meaning of "family"?

1) We know each other at home. 3) Motherland is our common home.

2) There were houses in one lane. 4) In the summer we were in a rest house.
A15. In what example is the word HEAD used in its direct meaning?

1) He is the head of the whole business. 3) He is a man with a head.

2) The head of the infantry column. 4) He put his hat on his head.
A16. What is the meaning of the word ROAD in the sentence "Work is the road to success"?

1) a place to pass or pass through

2) journey, stay on the road

3) pattern of action, line of action

4) a strip of land intended for movement
A17. What are the synonyms?

1) vital - worldly

2) arrogance - arrogance

3) high - low

4) the room was forced to furnish - I was forced to study
A18. Which example does not contain a phraseological phrase?

1) He has his own hand in the Ministry.

2) Take control of yourself.

3) To clean up the hands.

4) Work tirelessly.
A19. In which row is there no phraseological phrase?

1) step from foot to foot 3) not in the tooth with your foot

2) head to toe 4) live big
A20. In which row are all words stylistically colored?

1) loafer, lazy person, truant 3) condensed milk, tiny, eyes

2) small, kid, march 4) harmful, mischievous, fool
A21. In which row are all words colloquial?

1) cashier, open, potatoes

2) an announcer, an ohlamon, a merry fellow

3) greedy, potato, hangout

4) electric train, junk dealer, confusion
A22. In which order do both words belong to the vocabulary of limited use?

1) chat, computer 3) internet, ram (bring)

2) poet, actor 4) chicken, ancestors (parents)

A23. Which of the following words has the meaning "necessary, constant sign, belonging"?

1) attribute 2) atavism 3) aspect 4) association

A24. Which of the following words means "a person who condemns all wars and demands peace on earth"?

1) nationalist 2) pacifist 3) chauvinist 4) militarist

A25. Which of the following words means "a person who is ready to selflessly act for the benefit of others, regardless of his own personal interests"?

1) egoist 2) philanthropist 3) altruist 4) philanthropist

A26. Which of the following words means "a person who helps the needy, does charity work"?

1) philanthropist 2) altruist 3) philanthropist 4) pacifist

A27. Which of the following words means "announcement that all tickets for a performance (or concert) have been sold"?

1) full house 2) benefit performance 3) premiere 4) sensation

A28. Which of the following words means "a science that studies the material and spiritual culture of peoples"?

1) mythology 2) ethnography 3) bibliography 4) ecology

A29. Which of the following words means "wealthy patron of science and art"?

1) businessman 2) oligarch 3) philanthropist 4) producer

A30. Which word has the wrong meaning?

1) correct - correct, accurate

2) briefing - press conference on policy issues

3) calligraphy - the ability to write correctly

4) consolidation - strengthening, rallying something
A31. Which word has the wrong meaning?

1) corrupt - illegally enriching official or politician

2) full house - a concert or performance in honor of someone

3) scrupulous - accurate to the smallest detail, extremely thorough

4) philanthropist - a rich patron of sciences and arts
A32. Which of the following words means "indifferent, indifferent"?

1) impartial 2) apathetic

3) apolitical 4) immoral
A33. Which word is misunderstood?

1) diploma student - a student preparing a thesis

2) certification - determination of the level of knowledge and skills of an employee or student carried out by specialists

3) an antiquary - an amateur, connoisseur and collector of antiquities, antique items

4) argument - a logical argument, a judgment given to prove something
A34. Which word is misunderstood?

1) duplicate - the second copy of the document, which has the same legal force as the original

2) addressee - a person receiving a postal or telegraphic item

3) dubbing - replacing the speech part of the sound film with a new recording

4) remnants - what is left of a pre-existing

Learning Test #2

Vocabulary
A1. In which example instead of the word real need to use the word realistic?

1) the real direction in painting

2) reality

3) pursue realpolitik

4) make real progress
A2. In which sentence instead of the word unit need to use the word the only one?

1) Collective nouns denote a set of single homogeneous objects.

2) A single good deed will always remain, because it is a need of the individual.

3) His main, single passion was love for science.

4) These were far from isolated cases, they were repeated almost every year.
A3. In which sentence instead of the word rigidity need to use the word cruelty?

1) He struck me with the rigidity of his black hair, which turned gray in places for a time.

2) I remembered the expression on his face when minutes of hardness were found on him.

3) An unpleasant harshness appeared in his face and voice.

4) The rigidity of the deadlines alerted everyone.
A4. In which sentence instead of the word stone need to use the word rocky?

1) On hot summer days, the stone city languished from the sun.

2) A strained smile did not suit his stony face like that.

3) Traces of bare feet are imprinted in stone dust.

4) On steep slopes with stony soil, melting snow water runs down.
A5. In which sentence instead of the word bone need to use the word bone?

1) The bone shell of a turtle is very strong.

2) The living bone tissue of the human body is saturated with inanimate matter - mineral salts.

3) We saw a beautiful bone knife.

4) The daily diet of animals should include bone meal.
A6. In which sentence instead of the word color need to use the word color?

1) The children had colored flags in their hands.

2) These color and light features of gemstones give us a sense of mystery.

3) Colored light bulbs gleamed dimly in the semi-darkness.

4) There were many photographs and color drawings in the book.
A7. In which sentence instead of the word regal need to use the word royal?

1) It was almost a regal gift.

2) The royal flow of the Volga in these places is impressive.

3) She walked past with her regal gait.

4) In the picture, the regal become of pines is well conveyed.

A8. In which sentence instead of housing words need to use the word residential?

1) Models, drawings, new housing construction projects were exhibited in the hall.

2) Chinatown is followed by a new residential part of a European city.

3) The mayor had to deal with housing problems.

4) Our housing legislation needs to be amended.
A9. In which sentence instead of the word ice need to use the word ice?

1) It is impossible to describe the brightness and colorfulness of the polar ice sea.

2) Lake Ladoga was an ice track that brought life to Leningraders.

4) Changes in ice conditions in the Arctic seas are of great scientific interest.
A10. In which sentence instead of the word introduce need to use the word provide?

1) An aspiring writer presented his novel to the readers.

2) Applicants submitted certificates and medical certificates.

3) And she imagined these fields under the autumn hopeless rain.

4) The Russian language is a huge treasury that presents us with endless possibilities.
A11. In which sentence instead of explicit need to use the word explicit?

1) I saw the clear outlines of mountains.

2) It was a clear lie.

3) The colonel had a clear dislike for me.

4) This child was an obvious child prodigy.
A12. In which sentence instead of the word spectacular need to use the word effective?

1) Of course, felling a forest is a more spectacular sight than planting it.

2) The white foam of the sea created an extremely spectacular picture.

3) Her pose was very spectacular.

4) No effective cure has yet been found against this disease.
A13. In which sentence instead of the word base need to use the word basis?

1) The development of fundamental sciences provides a basis for further search for promising areas.

2) The theoretical basis of the study needs to be improved.

3) When changing from one base to another, not only public views change, but also the institutions corresponding to them.

4) In the second half of the last century, the atomic base of our industry began to develop rapidly.
A14. In which sentence instead of the word economical need to use the word economical?

1) A new economical machine was created.

3) New building materials are very economical in construction.

4) This method is very economical in agriculture.

A15. In which sentence instead of the word turtle need to use the word tortoiseshell?

1) Turtle soup was served first.

2) He approached the target at a snail's pace.

3) Turtle babies have long since hatched.

4) Turtle shell has a special strength.
A16. In which sentence instead of the word human need to use the word humane?

1) She thought she had finally found her own human soul.

2) Protection of human dignity is one of the most characteristic features of this publicist.

3) In his works, he often depicted human suffering.

4) We got a very human examiner.
A17. In which sentence instead of the word pay need to use the word pay?

1) The institution pays the travel expenses.

2) Wages were paid late.

3) At the end of the year, employees were paid a bonus.

4) The writer was paid a fee by the publishing house.
A18. In which sentence instead of the word vociferous need to use the word voice?

Control test number 1.

Vocabulary and phraseology. The lexical meaning of the word. Synonyms. Antonyms

Exercise 1

1) Catalog - "the distribution of any objects, phenomena, concepts into classes, groups, sections based on general rules";
2) nimble - "dexterous in movements, fast, agile";
3) indigo - "dark green color";
4) identical - "opposing another, being its opposite."

Task 2

In which example is the lexical meaning of the word defined correctly?

1) Altruism - "disinterested concern for the welfare of others, willingness to sacrifice one's personal interests for others";
2) stained-glass window - "skillfully made, decorated box for storing jewelry";
3) obelisk - "a structure in the form of a high pillar, serving as a support in a building or erected as a monument";
4) license - "a written or oral agreement on mutual obligations."

Task 3

wrong.

1) Arbitrator - "one who judges a sports game, competition";
2) boar - "wild pig";
3) frost - "very fine rain";
4) self-interest - "benefit, benefit for oneself."

Task 4

Mark the number of the word whose lexical meaning is defined wrong.

1) Glider - "non-motorized aircraft";
2) blowing snow - "low wind in winter, as well as snow carried by this wind";
3) clearing - "a small deciduous forest";
4) symbol - "conventional sign".

Task 5

Which of the following words means "sharply expressed opposite"?

1) Antipathy;
2) contrast;
3) difference;
4) conflict.

Task 6

Which of the following words means "not afraid of danger, going towards it"?

1) Brave;
2) calling;
3) immodest;
4) free.

Task 7

Which of the following words means "the art of designing, erecting and decorating buildings"?

1) Sculpture;
2) construction;
3) architecture;
4) design.

Task 8

Which of the following words has the meaning of "a list compiled in a certain order, a list of any items"?

1) Price list;
2) catalog;
3) classification;
4) bulletin.

Task 9

Which of the following words means "unable to concentrate, showing inattention"?

1) Apathetic;
2) indifferent;
3) lazy;
4) scattered.

Task 10

Which of the following words has the meaning of “aspiring to live participation in something, manifesting itself in activity”?

1) Actual;
2) active;
3) topical;
4) enterprising.

Task 11

egregious .

1) Full of rage, indomitable;
2) making a strong impression with its persuasiveness, expressiveness;
3) causing a protest with excessive force, the degree of its manifestation;
4) devoid of simplicity, claiming originality, emphatically unusual.

Task 12

Choose the correct definition of the lexical meaning of the word humane.

1) Addressed to a person, to his rights and interests;
2) humane, philanthropic, imbued with respect for the human person and concern for its welfare;
3) benevolent, showing disposition;
4) simple and accessible in their relations with people.

Task 13

1) fluctuate - sway, swing;
2) to discredit - to deceive, to deceive;
3) successor - mentor, teacher, educator;
4) folio - rarity, rarity, unique.

Task 14

Which word has the right synonyms?

1) Renome - style, manner;
2) tulle - curtain, curtain, curtain;
3) parable - fable, fable, fiction;
4) ghost - phantom, ghost.

Task 15

What is a set of synonyms wrong?

1) Skirmisher, initiator;
2) pledge, disagreement, refusal, renunciation;
3) initiative, undertaking, initiative;
4) snowstorm, blizzard, blizzard, snowstorm.

Task 16

Which word is synonymous with wrong?

1) Cherish - appreciate;
2) to dream - to dream;
3) hurry - hurry;
4) witchcraft is a miracle.

Task 17

What is the correct antonym for the word?

1) Generous - stingy;
2) to be late - to linger;
3) shine - twinkle;
4) the master is an idler.

Task 18

In which example wrong selected antonym?

1) Courteous - rude;
2) respect - despise;
3) dusk - dawn;
4) passive - responsive.

Task 19

In what case was a mistake made in the reproduction of a phraseological unit?

1) While the essence and the matter;
2) grated kalach;
3) the heart bleeds;
4) beat the buckets.

Task 20

In what case is the highlighted phrase a phraseological phrase?

1) They twisted and intertwined along thick trunks creeping plants.
2) At the frog breathtaking from the terrible height to which she was raised.
3) The kid fell, and the older brother picked him up and put on his feet.
4) Without bending back put your hands up.

To lesson number 7.

Learning Test #1. Phonetics.
A1. Which words have the same number of letters and sounds?

1) smile, knowledge 3) blizzard, happiness

2) trees, entrance 4) terrain, village
A2. Which words have the same number of letters and sounds?

1) blizzard, village 3) statue, helper

2) bathing, June 4) grammar to
A3. Which group of words has more sounds than letters?

1) weeds, only 3) rain, southern

2) at night, south 4) singing, furious
A4. Which group of words has more sounds than letters?

1) fighting, passionate 3) twofold, opposition

2) tulip, nimble 4) meaning, phenomenon
A5. Which words have more letters than sounds?

1) defector, you live 3) locality, hero of the day

2) bathe, July 4) get angry, sad
A6. Which words have fewer sounds than letters?

1) count, five 3) sun, anchor

2) southern, stump 4) play, effect
A7. In which word are all consonants soft?

1) life 2) friend 3) steppe 4) writing

A8. In which word are all consonants voiceless?

1) landing 2) jasper 3) hedgehog 4) club

A9. In which word are all consonants voiced?

1) frost 2) southern 3) deep into 4) suddenly

A10. Which word has the vowel [o]?

1) sparrow 2) deacon 3) go 4) carried

A11. Which word has the vowel [a]?

1) hockey 2) ruffles 3) watch 4) tongue

A12. Which word has the vowel [and]?

1) watch 2) compass 3) live 4) also

A13. In which word is the consonant [t] pronounced?

1) football 2) laughs 3) fenced off 4) gait

A14. In which word is the consonant [d] pronounced?

1) reliable 2) beat off 3) inscription 4) factory

A15. In which word is the consonant [r] pronounced?

1) snow 2) blue 3) soft 4) globe

A16. In which word is the consonant [v"] pronounced?

1) love 2) influence 3) Tuesday 4) curtain

A17. In which word is the consonant [k] pronounced?

1) pie 2) to the dacha 3) station 4) cinema

A18. In which word is the consonant [z] pronounced?

I) kindle 2) knock down 3) slide 4) slippery

A19. In which word is the consonant [s] pronounced?

1) do 2) today 3) slippery 4) grew up

A20. In which word is the consonant [f] pronounced?
A21. In which word is the consonant [b] pronounced?

1) birch 2) bread 3) dove 4) bread

A22. In which word is the consonant [p] pronounced?

1) chill 2) mushroom 3) piano 4) play

A23. In the words of which series there is no sound [g]?

1) life, book 3) landscape, friendship

2) defector, gatehouse 4) smear, juggle
A24. In which row in all words there is a sound [k]?

1) suddenly, soft 3) circumference, mileage

2) throw, to the house 4) to business, ride
A25. In which row in all words there is a sound [r]?

2) winter, nail 4) guitar, teacher
A26. In which row in all words there is a sound [w]?

1) gatehouse, friendship 3) eat, gritty

2) shiver, artist 4) landscape, assistant
A27. In which row in all words there is a sound [g]?

1) station, to the building 3) death, catalog

2) friend, exam 4) anecdote, herbarium
A28. In which row in all words there is no sound [s]?

1) squeeze, mowing, happiness 3) silent, make, drink

2) locomotive, sew, iceberg 4) sit, praise, behind
A29. In which row in all words there is a sound [d "]

1) wedding, entrance, house 3) sweet, delegate, horse

2) sit down, wild, report 4) distance, threshing, academy
A30. In which row in all words there is no sound [з]?

1) splashes, glow, synthesis 3) close, glide, development

2) winter, defector, nail 4) mirror, squeal, make

Learning test #2. Phonetics.

1. Indicate in which row in all words there are more sounds than letters:

1) tree, celebrate, sparrow, took;

2) descends, came, knock down, June; . 3) flex, appear, diligence, demonstration;

4) announcement, moved out, sun.

2. In which row the spelling of words does not match their pronunciation?

1) Wagon, sunset, mushrooms;

2) threshing, scout, low;

3) difficult, sweeping, carving;

4) paper, frost, loud.
3. In which row are all consonants voiced?

1) Watch, knocked down, stitched;

2) spark, loud, run;

3) impudent, threshing, threatened;

4) run, dreamed, lived.
4. In which row in all words do the letters e, e, u, i denote two sounds?

1) Raccoon, passing, an apple;

2) to the station, sow, frost;

3) white, ad, move out;

4) boiling, spruce, bending.
5. In which row are all consonants solid?

1) Birds, unusual, shell;

2) tail, release, hotel;

3) medicine, fled, scurvy;

4) motorcycle, sewed, circus.

6. Indicate the word in which the spelling corresponds to the pronunciation:

1) be surprised;

2) peals;

3) barrier;

4) surprise.
7. Which word is stressed correctly?

1) tore off;

2) nap;

3) uncork;

8. In which row in all words does the stress fall on the first syllable?

1) Ear (bread), associate professor, pamper;

2) a glimpse, cakes, august;

3) watermelon, carpenter, sorrel;

4) beets, porcelain, arrest.

9. In which row do all words have unpronounceable consonants?

1) Swiss (?) to kick, participate (?) to participate, art (?) ny;

2) amateurish (?) sky, feel (?) to act, miraculous (?) ny;

3) forest (?) nitsa, non-nasial (?) ny, natural (?) ny;

4) month (?) ny, gollan (?) skii, dangerous (?) -ny.
10. In which row in all words is the letter combination ch pronounced like [shn]?

1) Fried eggs, juicy, boring;

2) brown, durable, excellent;

3) on purpose, of course, boring;

4) a bakery, exactly, a birdhouse.

Learning test. Orthoepy. Number 3

A1. In which pair of words does the stress not play a meaningful role?

1) Iris - iris 3) Spark - spark?

2) Atlas - atlas 4) clubs - clubs?
A2. Which word has the stress on the third syllable?

1) ensure 2) mold 3) force 4) picked up

A3. Which word has the stress on the third syllable?

1) Christian 2) understood 3) prettier 4) uncork

A4. Which word has the stress on the second syllable?

1) statue 2) scoop 3) took away 4) sorrel

A5. Which word has the stress on the third syllable?

1) intention 2) started 3) rust 4) winterer

A6. Which word has the stress on the first syllable?

1) beginning 2) loop 3) calling 4) whooping cough

A7. Which word has the stress on the first syllable?

1) pamper 2) skillfully 3) flint 4) kitchen

A8. Which word has the stress on the second syllable?

1) briefly 2) scoop 3) cotton 4) for a long time

A9. Which word has the stress on the second syllable?

1) dispensary 2) nettle 3) lived 4) pseudonym

A10. Which word has the stress on the second syllable?

1) rust 2) scanty 3) salmon 4) means

A11. Which word has the stress on the last syllable?

1) facsimile 2) beets 3) cough 4) porcelain

A12. Which word has the stress on the first syllable?

1) beginnings 2) customs 3) plowing 4) hunk

A13. Which word has the stress on the second syllable?

1) wood chips 2) lighten 3) statue 4) catalog

A14. Which word has the stress on the third syllable?

1) intention 2) provision 3) mold 4) uncork

A15. Which word has the stress on the fourth syllable?

1) inform 2) democracy 3) aristocracy 4) frost

A16. Which word has the stress on the first syllable?

1) watermelon 2) took 3) alcohol 4) willow

A17. Which word has the stress on the second syllable?

1) beetroot 2) calling 3) apostrophe 4) pseudonym

A18. Which word has the stress on the first syllable?

1) sorrel 2) excursion 3) expert 4) gypsy

A19. Which word has the stress on the second syllable?

1) obituary 2) dispensary 3) scoop 4) facsimile

A20. Which word has the stress on the last syllable?

1) took 2) briefly 3) nettle 4) spark

A21. Which words have the stress on the first syllable?

1) cement, took, expert 3) statue, beets, understood

2) hyphen, wholesale, convocation 4) of cakes, start, ring
A22. Which words have the stress on the first syllable?

1) kitchen, dry, moldy 3) blinds, carpenter, lied

2) waited, leisure, rhubarb 4) agent, loan, driver

A23. Which words have the stress on the second syllable?

1) deepen, catalog, dispensary 3) accepted, apostrophe, alphabet

2) intention, clog, took 4) grandfather's, caught up, owners
A24. In which word is the underlined letter the hard consonant?

1) Timbre 2) morpheme 3) overcoat 4) cream

A25. In which word is the underlined letter the hard consonant?

1) Museum 2) Tests 3) Academician 4) Tempo

A26. In which word is the underlined letter a soft consonant?

1) Abstracts 2) sandwich 3) Terrace 4) Thermos

A27. In which word is the underlined letter a soft consonant?

1) atelier 2) coffee 3) cottage 4) sweater

A28. In which row in all words the underlined letters represent solid consonants?

1) macrame, highway, tennis 3) cafe, coffee, grotesque

2) modernization, overcoat, cashmere 4) integration, hyphen, delicacies
A29. In which row do all the words of the letter CH H denote the sounds [SHN]?

1) country house, birdhouse 3) of course, filming

2) scrambled eggs, eternal 4) boring, on purpose

To lesson number 10.

EXPRESS - TEST No. 1

CHECKED UNSTRESSED VOWS

Task 1. E is written at the root of the word: 1) an amazing case; 2) developing ... developing countries; 3) b ... to cheat vices; 4) nasch ... drink weed; 5) an exciting excursion. Task 2. At the root of the word is written And: 1) ... fluttering banners; 2) captivating image; 3) ripen early; 4) nearest... nearest station; 5) oppression ... the people. Task 3. A is written at the root of the word: 1) absorb sounds; 2) bless ... to feat; 3) floor ... ski linen; 4) worship ... the hero; 5) come in handy for classes. Task 4. At the root of the word is written O: 1) a poignant landscape; 2) enjoy ... wait for music; 3) cover the top; 4) unravel ... give an idea; 5) teach Russian. Task 5. At the root of the word is written I: 1) sanctify the road; 2) overwhelming success; 3) bitterly reproach ... kat; 4) give communication ... communication; 5) Nav ... boredom. Task 6. The letter O is written in all the words of the proverb: 1) Do not speak ... with your tongue - tor ... write with deed. 2) From ... din to boron ... du - mind to head ... vu. 3) There is nothing to be afraid of ... who does not fight anything. 4) In the house, the word ... pogo and red ... howl with ... lach. 5) In a foreign land, near ... riches, a rich ... bottom line ... ron. Task 7. Indicate the word with a root vowel not checked by stress: 1) bush region ... pihi; 2) sneakers on l ... beams; 3) a talented engineer; 4) unremarkable ... glory; 5) questioning look. Task 8. Indicate the word with the root vowel checked by stress: 1) recognize capitulation ... 2) get a scholarship; 3) sharp d ... discussion; 4) a unique ... unique invention; 5) sorry for being late.

Answer

Key

EXPRESS - TEST No. 2

UNCHECKED UNSTRESSED VOWS

Exercise 1. At the root of the word is written A: 1) experienced adv...cat; 2) sounds of acc...rdeon; 3) preliminary ... preliminary preparation; 4) romantic mood; 5) subtle hugging. Task 2. At the root of the word is written O: 1) smartly ... play a role; 2) to ... comfortable lounge; 3) personal hug... 4) engage in prop ... gang; 5) military traditions. Task 3. Find the word with the vowel E: 1) strict exam ... nator; 2) be dependent ... venii; 3) observe d ... discipline; 4) protect d ... certification; 5) artillery ... lerian training. Task 4. In the root of the word should be written AND: 1) military engineer ... ner; 2) an intelligent ... intelligent person; 3) d ... delegate of the congress; 4) receive a scholarship ... a stipend; 5) terrific ... heretical conclusion. Task 5. Write a word with two letters I: 1) d ... s ... rtirovat from the front; 2) in ... st ... bul un ... in ... rsiteta; 3) exhaust in ... nt ... lation; 4) work for p...r...feria; 5) use pr ... in ... legions.

Answer

Key 3 2 5

EXPRESS - TEST No. 3

ROOT ALTERNATION

Task 1. Indicate the word with the root -MER-: 1) listen with bated breath; 2) withering away of old customs; 3) freeze ... freeze in surprise; 4) freezing sounds; 5) dying branches of trees. Task 2. E is written at the root of the word: 1) start ... start a discussion; 2) adopt ... a resolution; 3) remembrance ... of the past; 4) combines ... theory with practice; 5) a reminder of the future. Task 3. At the root of the word is written And: 1) spread ... cast a tablecloth; 2) brilliant success; 3) incendiary speech; 4) lock the audience; 5) composing sounds. Task 4. The verb with the root -BIR- is used in the proverb: 1) Clouds are gathering ... raining, people are gathering ... gathering - strength. 2) Tongue without legs, but far away ... it makes its way. 3) He who sows wheat will not gather grapes. 4) The fortress from the inside is b...rut. 5) Collect ... you cut a pinch - eat handfuls. Task 5. A is written at the root of the word: 1) write a statement ... statement; 2) offer ... to live the necessary assistance; 3) defer ... to live a business trip; 4) the intended trip; 5) decompose ... live into constituent elements, Task 6. Find the word with the root -KAS-: 1) to ... dream of acute problems; 2) light touch ... descent; 3) to conduct to ... satelnaya; 4) points of contact ... ground; 5) to ... dream of the main question. Task 7. A is written at the root of the word: 1) solubility of salts; 2) different approval ... r; 3) a good solvent; 4) insoluble ... insoluble compounds; 5) translating plans into reality. Task 8. Find a word with a vowel A: 1) fuel combustion; 2) gas heater ... burner; 3) sunbathing on the beach; 4) scorched ... scorched milk; 5) a face ... with a smile. Task 9. Indicate the word with the vowel O: 1) meet z ... ryu; 2) the radiance of the eye... 3) a burning torch; 4) survey the surroundings; 5) a hope-filled soul. Task 10. Indicate the word with the root -PLOV- 1) good soundness; 2) sharp fins ... vniki; 3) Strengthen the float...wok; 4) pl ... vuchye ice; 5) brave swimmers. Task 11. At the root of the word is written O: 1) increase ... the pace; 2) grown in a greenhouse; 3) neg ... if production; 4) charge ... if wild rose; 5) grow ... flowers. Task 12. A is written at the root of the word: 1) get up ... from a place; 2) a small jump ... choke; 3) jump ... over the barrier; 4) jump out ... from around the turn; 5) an arrogant upstart ... chka. Task 13. Find the word with the root -MAK-: 1) wash...whip in the rain; 2) waterproof ... material; 3) swab ... throw a brush into the paint; 4) blotting paper; 5) shoes began to us ... kat. Task 14. Indicate the word with the root -ROVN-: 1) compare ... take in two values; 2) ur...understand conditions; 3) to comply with the balance; 4) p ... get in line; 5) vy... take the road.

Answer

Key 3 3

To lesson number 11.

EXPRESS - TEST No. 4

vowels O- HER) AFTER HISTS

Exercise 1. At the root of the word is written O: 1) hear sh... sweat; 2) well ... strict conditions; 3) to scold with their behavior; 4) black coffee; 5) a solution of alkali ... lochi. Task 2. Specify the word with the root vowel E: 1) w ... dry leaves; 2) forest slum ... ba; 3) ripe goose ... penetrated; 4) bring a bech ... vku, 5) torments life ... ha. Task 3. Write the noun with the vowel O: 1) set fire to ... grass; 2) burn ... garbage; 3) light a torch; 4) convicted of arson ... g; 5) wait ... g hand. Task 4. Write the word with E in the suffix: 1) hot ... to argue; 2) canvas ... mesh ... to; 3) funny bear ... nok; 4) armed uprising; 5) short shirt ... nk. Task 5. Find a noun with the suffix -EK-: 1) a rare push ... to; 4) light snow ... to; 5) fast download...to. Task 6. At the end is written E: 1) machine with brick...m; 3) follow the match...m; 4) locust control; 5) be embarrassed by a stranger

Answer

Key 4 2

To lesson number 12.

EXPRESS - TEST No. 5

VOICED AND VOICED CONSONANTS. UNSPELLABLE CONSONANTS

Task 1. The word is written C: 1) how much ... what surface; 2) skillful re ... bba; 3) river ... cue wind; 4) daring answer; 5) convincing test. Task 2. 3 is written in the word: 1) the lowest ... step, 2) sows fine hoarfrost ...; 3) catchy color; 4) have a conversation; 5) you ... your school. Task 3. P is written in the word: 1) ro ... to object; 2) small scale...; 3) fragile ... some health; 4) replace the pro ... ki; 5) denim skirt. Task 4. The word is written F: 1) popular mochi...; 2) residential area...; 3) procession over the orphanage; 4) lo ... cue reception; 5) strong bech ... vka. Task 5. The noun is written with Zh: 1) be ridiculed ... kam; 2) labor money ... ki; 3) fresh vatru ... ka; 4) durable wood ... ka; 5) funny to the beast ... ka. Task 6. The noun is written with Ш: 1) sit by the eye ... ka; 2) run along the road ... ke; 3) a new truck ... ka; 4) woolen var...ki; 5) dilapidated lachu ... ka. Task 7. K is written in the word: 1) unforgivable por...; 2) cross the threshold ...; 3) reliable growling...; 4) sharp cats ... tee; 5) soft ... cue bread. Task 8. The adjective is written with D: 1) malicious ... violator; 2) surrounding forests; 3) bulky ... cue cabinet; 4) a rare exhibit; 5) whip ... what speech. Task 9. T is written in the word: 1) excellent mood; 2) wonderful ... day; 3) safety ... traffic; 4) a lovely girl; 5) the atmosphere of glasnost .... Task 10. Find a word with an unpronounceable consonant T: 1) meeting peers ... nicknames; 2) friendship with peers ... nicknames; 3) an interesting ... interlocutor; 4) a skilled craftswoman; 5) shine ... shine in the sky. Task 11. Indicate a word with an unpronounceable consonant B: 1) honor ... heroes; 2) participate in a tournament; 3) I ... really hear; 4) delicious me ... things on the table; 5) parade over the families of veterans. Task 12. Find a word with D in the sentence: 1) Trouble hung ... nickname in his envy. 2) Without labor, there cannot be a clean and joyful life. 3) Honest ... nechesy ... no comrade. 4) A man is powerful with his heart, a tree with roots. 5) The secret known to three is no longer a secret.

Answer

Key 3 3 1 3

EXPRESS - TEST No. 6

DOUBLE CONSONANTS

Exercise 1. Find a word with LL: 1) art gallery ... here; 2) intelligent ... agent person; 3) aluminum ... uminium utensils; 4) some privileges ... egii; 5) set obel...claim. Task 2. Write a word with one letter L: 1) collective ... collective agreement; 2) hold a call ... okvium; 3) crystalline ... ic substance; 4) privileged ... privileged position; 5) a book with illustrations ... illustrations. Task 3. Specify the word with SS: 1) rich resources ... ursy; 2) land a landing ... ant; 3) defense of dissertations; 4) put on plays ... at; 5) dessert dishes. Task 4. Find a word with one letter C: 1) progressive ... writer; 2) open a discussion ... ia; 3) commission ... ion fee; 4) work as an assistant; 5) skillfully pass the ball. Task 5. Write a word with one letter N: 1) tennis court; 2) an .... annul the contract; 3) museum - pan ... orama; 4) write an an...otation; 5) marble column...hell. Task 6. Find a word with MM: 1) successful im ... itation; 2) programmed learning; 3) genuine humanism ... anism; 4) brilliant to them ... provisions; 5) drama ... atism of the situation. Task 7. Select a word with one letter M: 1) congratulatory telegram ... a; 2) live in em ... games; 3) resistant to them ... unity; 4) sports commentator; 5) them ... the play service. Task 8. Write a word with one letter R: 1) territorial ... territorial waters; 2) a small ter...ask; 3) a well-known cartoonist; 4) own correspondent ... respondent; 5) build a bar ... icads. Task 9. Specify the word with RR: 1) cardiological center; 2) correctness in behavior; 3) arbitration ... arbitration court, 4) Correspondent of science; 5) go through the tour...niket. Task 10. Find a word with one letter F: 1) an effective method; 2) a scarce product; 3) coefficient ... efficiency; 4) differential ... function differential; 5) indifferent tone. Task 11. Specify the word with FF: 1) eliminate the defect ... ect; 2) work on the periphery; 3) a successful aphorism; 4) differentiated approach; 5) sing dif..iramba. Task 12. The word says 3: 1) thickets of juniper ... evel; 2) an established village; 3) buzzing ... bee buzzing; 4) yeast ... fungi; 5) rattling ... squeezing sound. Task 13. The word is written J: 1) you ... a wifey meadow; 2) barely wandered ... the dawn lived; 3) pass ... to press native places; 4) painful and ... burning; 5) bru... reap due to bad weather. Task 14. A consonant is missing from the word: 1) favorite operetta ... ka; 2) loaded three-ton ... ka; 3) strict headmistress ... a; 4) new software; 5) crystal clear. Task 15. One letter C is written in the word: 2) Belarusian ... cue knitwear; 3) prudent ... clear owner; 4) stand on the race ... vete; 5) an immutable leader.

Answer

Key 2 3 3 2

I. Find a trope or stylistic figure.

1. In what sentences is the antithesis used?

A. The sieve is twisted, covered with gold, whoever looks, everyone will cry.

B. White eats ripe pineapple, black - soaked with rot.

B. What is on the mind of a sober person is on the tongue of a drunkard.

D. The calmed trees silently and obediently dropped their yellow leaves.

2. What examples use parallelism?

A. You led swords to a bountiful feast.

B. The stars are shining in the blue sky.

Waves crash in the blue sea.

B. I admire you: Your eyes, your smile, your speeches.

D. At the beginning of November frosts hit, they were unusually cold.

3. Choose examples containing epiphora.

A. Snow everywhere. Snow-white expanses are pleasing to the eye.

B. Steppes and roads are not over,

Stones and thresholds not found count.

B. The head was an exact copy of the egg ...

She was as bald as an egg.

G. I greet you, desert corner! ..

4. What sentences use inversion?

A. Midnight came down, impenetrable darkness.

B. Thunderclouds float across the sky.

B. The day was hot, the silver clouds were heavy every hour.

D. Amazing spring has come.

5. What sentences use anaphora?

A. Only occasionally cuts through the silence

The cry of a stork flying to the roof.

B. Wait for me, and I will return, just wait very much.

Wait for the yellow rains to make me sad

B. I would just like to see you,

D. For a long time I walked through the autumn forest, peered into the blue distances.

6. What sentences use gradation?

A. The troika rushes, the troika jumps, the troika winds up ...

B. And then the thin stem bends, and the cup

overturns.

V. The shore quickly darkened, became blue, blue, purple.

G. The cloud frowned for a long time, was capricious, and now burst into tears.

7. Mark the examples containing the metaphor.

A. I don't have a single gray hair in my soul.

B. You led swords to a bountiful feast.

D. A bonfire blazes with a bright sun in the forest.

8. Mark examples containing impersonation.

A. Sleepy birches smiled.

B. Anchar, like a formidable sentry,

Stands alone in the whole universe.

V. And decrepit, and gray autumn sunset.

G. The rain is crying, the blizzard is howling.

9. Mark examples containing metonymy.

A. Silver cup.

B. Gold and silver on the table.

Q. This is antique silver.

D. Silver chain.

10. Mark the examples containing the epithet.

A. Gold item.

B. Golden character.

B. Golden hands.

G. Golden years.

11. Mark examples containing synecdoche.

A. The student went the wrong way today.

B. An hour! I'll be free now.

V. And the slave blessed fate.

D. At dusk, the meadows look like the sea.

12. Mark examples containing comparison.

A. Forest, like a painted tower,

Purple, gold, crimson,

Cheerful, colorful wall

It stands over a bright meadow.

B. Rich, good-looking, Lensky

Everywhere he was accepted as a groom.

B. Like a seagull, the sail there is white in the sky.

D. He fell on the cold snow,

On the cold snow, like a pine,

Like a pine in a damp forest

Under resinous at the root, chopped.

13. Mark examples containing hyperbole.

A. Scared me to death!

B. In a hundred and forty suns, the sunset burned, summer rolled into July.

V. Vasily brought a thousand apologies.

D. Thousands of people in the world are starving.

14. Mark examples containing litotes.

A. I swear by the first day of creation, I swear by its last day ...

B. There is a hut on chicken legs.

B. From the pot two inches.

D. The shore darkened, became blue, blue, purple.

15. Mark examples containing parceling.

A. And on a steep hillock,

Where the acorn hid in the mink,

The oak stood. Bearded, brown.

Very wiry. Very gloomy.

B. Wait for me and I'll be back.

Just wait a lot.

Q. I walked quickly. Almost ran. Don't overtake me.

G. ...where can you find them now, these boys? They probably

they had supper and went to bed, and they see tenth dreams. And man

is on the clock. In the dark. And hungry I suppose.

16. Mark the examples containing an oxymoron.

A. The thaw is boring to me: stench, dirt - in the spring I am sick ...

B. Gentle poison.

B. Optimistic tragedy.

D. A bird does not fly to him, and a tiger does not go.

17. Mark examples containing gradation.

A. Oh, nanny, nanny! I'm sad. I feel sick, my dear: I'm ready to cry, I'm ready to cry!..

B. Dawn soon began to seep in. It expanded, blurred, washed away the colorless haze.

V. Directly under my window is a peasant estate. The whole house was lopsided, dilapidated, about to fall apart.

D. And now the long road ends, the crystal star touches the Earth.

II. Determine means of expression.

1. 1. The hiss of frothy glasses and a blue punch.

2. A man with a fingernail.

3. Steps and roads are not finished counting, Stones and thresholds are not found counting.

4. From hateful love.

5. The village was delighted with the event.

A - metonymy, B - alliteration, C - litote, D - epiphora, D - oxymoron.

2. 1. And decrepit, and gray autumn sunset.

2. Empty skies transparent glass.

3. And the cute face occupies the entire porch.

4. Greetings, desert corner.

5. There were many of us on the prow: Some strained the sail, Others unanimously pushed deep into the powerful oars.

A - allegory, B - paraphrase, C - personification, D - hyperbole, D - metaphor.

3. 1. Below it is a stream of lighter azure.

2. The wild little head drooped on his broad chest.

3. A white blizzard bonfire under the windows.

4. Ice in the lowlands and swamps grunts, crackles, clicks.

5. The student has gone the wrong way today.

A - gradation, B - comparison, C - epithet, D - synecdoche, D - metaphor.

4. 1. Who would have thought that I forgot you?

2. Live to gray hair.

3. You are beautiful - I am terrible.

4. Thunderclouds float across the sky.

5. Athletics is the queen of sports.

A - inversion, B - rhetorical question, C - paraphrase, D - metonymy, D - antithesis.

5. 1. The day was hot, the silver clouds were heavy every hour.

2. Howled, sang, a stone flew up under the sky.

3. Sleepy birches smiled.

4. But read Adam Smith.

5. When will you stop being late?

A - metonymy, B - metaphor, C - gradation, D - personification, D - rhetorical question.

6. 1. My impudent lorgnette angered her in earnest.

2. The great city hummed like a fabulous beehive.

3. A constant blizzard that did not subside from the night, shaking all evening, found something else in the snowdrifts, knocked out a handful or two of a white bead and pulled the white threads obliquely, across the runway, across the log, across the road, stretched, spun, twisted them on the sharp spindle of winter.

4. The golden grove dissuaded me.

5. Where, smart, are you wandering, head?

A - irony, B - epithet, C - metonymy, D - comparison, D - metaphor.

7. 1. Nature's clear smile

Through a dream meets the morning of the year.

2. Not on silver - on gold I ate.

3. The stars are shining in the blue sky, The waves are splashing in the blue sea.

4. You are gray, and I, buddy, are gray.

5. A teaspoon per hour.

A - hyperbole, B - metaphor, C - metonymy, D - allegory, D - parallelism.

Answers and comments

Style test (grades X-X1)

1 -	1;2-	2; 3-	-1;4 -2;	5 - 3; 6	- 1; 7	- 1; 8 -	3; 9 -	1; 10 -
11 - 2	12 -	2; 13	- 2; 14 -	3; 15 -2	;1b-	1; 17 -2	; 18 - \	1; 19 -
20 - 3	21 -	2; 22	- 1; 23 -	2; 24 - 1	; 25 -	2; 26 - 4	;27 -]	; 28-
29 - 3	30 -	3; 31	- 4; 32 -	1; 33 -3	;34-	4; 35 - 3	; 36 -4	[; 37 -
38 - 1	39 -	1; 40	- 4.

Figurative and expressive means of language.

1 - B, C, 2 - B, C, 3 - B, C, 4 - B, D, 5 - B, C, 6 - A, C, D, 7 - A, D. 8 - A, C, D, 9 - B, C, 10 - B, C, D, 11 - A, B, C, 12 - A, C, D,

1. 
   13 - A, B, C, 14 - B, C, 15 - A, C, D, 16 - B, C, 17 - A, B, C.

P. 1. 1 - B, 2 - C, 3 - G, 4 - D, 5 - A. 2. 1 - C, 2 - D, 3 - G, 4 - B, 5 - A. 3. 1 - B, 2 - C, 3 - D, 4 - A, 5 - D. 4. 1 - B, 2 - D, 3 - D, 4 - A, 5 - C. 5. 1 - B, 2 - C, 3 - D, 4 - A, 5 - D. 6. 1 - C, 2 - D, 3 - D, 4 - B, 5 - A. 7. 1 - B, 2 - C, 3 - D, 4 - D, 5 - A.

Style test (grades X-X1).

Theme I. Stylistic resources of the language

Task 1. Difficulty level 1, basic training level. There are ancient sciences, the age of which is measured not even in centuries, but in millennia. There are also young sciences, name them.

1) Stylistics, cybernetics, astrobotany;

2) medicine, astronomy, geodesy;

3) geography, mathematics, pharmacy;

4) linguistics, pharmacology, pedagogy.

Task 2. Difficulty level 1, basic training level.

Modern stylistics is a developed science with several important directions. Which direction studies patterns and expediency, the appropriateness of the use of words, phrases, grammatical forms and constructions?

1) Functional style;

2) practical style;

3) phono-stylistics;

4) text style.

Task 3. Difficulty level 2, basic training level.

Which of the following words and phrases has the meaning "a kind of language characterized by features in the selection, combination and organization of language means in connection with the tasks of communication"?

1) Language style;

3) pronunciation style;

4) style of speech.

Task 4. Difficulty level 2, basic training level.

Which of the following words and phrases has the meaning of “imitation of the style of speech typical of any era or social environment, the manner of narration characteristic of a particular genre, the techniques of literary skill characteristic of certain authors, etc., usually with the aim of producing impression of authenticity?

1) Stylistics;

2) styling;

3) stylistic coloring;

4) stylistic figure.

Task 5. Difficulty level 3, advanced level of training.

Name a linguist whose role in the development of Russian language stylistics in the 20th century cannot be overestimated.

1) A.Kh. Vostokov;

2) A.A. Chess;

3) V.V. Vinogradov;

4) L.Yu. Maksimov.
Topic I. Figurative and expressive means of speech

(Tropes and stylistic figures)

Task 6. Difficulty level 1, basic level of training. Which of these words form the basis of the Russian lexicon?

1) Neutral words;

2) book words;

3) colloquial words;

4) there are no such words.

Task 7. Difficulty level 1, basic training level. Zero stylistic coloring have:

1) neutral words;

2) book words;

3) colloquial words;

4) there are no such words.

Task 8. Difficulty level 1, basic level of training. Find contextual synonyms in the given text .

“When are you thinking of coming back? Kesselman asked Osipov.

Is Osipov going too? - I was surprised.

I’m going, - the inspector calmly told me alone ... ”(L. Likhodeev)

1) Surprised, said;

2) asked, surprised;

3) asked, surprised, said;

4) there are no such words.

Task 9. Difficulty level 1, basic level of training. The most surprising among the visual and expressive means and the most common is

1) personification;

2) litote;

3) hyperbole;

4) metaphor.

Task 10. Difficulty level 1, basic training level. Which of the language means of expression is used in the sentence?

“A bright ray of life falls on all of us, but it immediately disappears from us, barely touching our consciousness.” (N. Dobrolyubov)

1) Metaphor;

2) personification;

3) comparison;

4) synonyms.

Task 11. Difficulty level 1, basic training level. Which of the linguistic means of expression is used in the text?

Who is made of stone, who is made of clay, -

And I'm silver and sparkle!

Who is made of clay, who is made of flesh -

The coffin and tombstones...

In the font of the sea baptized - and in flight

His - incessantly broken!

(M. Tsvetaeva)

1) Antonyms;

2) antithesis;

3) an oxymoron;

4) epiphora.

Task 12. Difficulty level 1, basic training level. Which of the language means of expression is used in the sentence?

"Empty skies transparent glass."

(A. Akhmatova)

1) Synecdoche;

2) metaphor;

3) personification;

4) hyperbole.

Task 13. Difficulty level 1, basic level of training. Which of the following means of expression is used in the text?

We give you sons as beautiful as the night; Beggars as night, sons.

(M. Tsvetaeva)

1) Anaphora;

2) epiphora;

3) lexical repetition;

4) gradation.

Task 14. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. What kind of vocabulary of the modern Russian language do the underlined words in the text refer to?

“You can’t think that you are an artist if you have learned to apply transmission paper to reality and get an accurate image of the real world on it. The fact is that the very appearance of the real world does not fully convey its true essence to us - and the task of the artist is to add to the appearance of what it lacks before its truth, or to change it. (A.Platonov)

1) Conversational;

2) neutral;

3) book;

4) high.

Task 15. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. Which synonymic row does not contain a stylistically neutral word?

1) Spin - spin - rotate;

2) complain - cry - whine;

3) polite - correct - helpful;

4) persistent - stubborn - purposeful.

Task 16. Difficulty level 2, basic training level.

Depending on the nature of the quality that distinguishes synonyms within a row, four types of synonymous rows are distinguished. Specify semantic-stylistic synonyms.

1) Agreement - condition - agreement - contract - pact;

2) shine - sparkle - shine;

3) spelling - spelling;

4) accessory - attribute - accessory.

Task 17. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. Specify the pictorial possibilities of word formation.

1) Neologisms, terms;

3) saturation of the text with interjections and onomatopoeic words;

4) sentences with introductory words, addresses, separate members.

Task 18. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. Indicate the visual possibilities of morphology.

1) Oxymoron;

2) lexical repetition;

3) onomatopoeia;

4) direct and figurative use of tense forms of the verb.

Task 19. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. Specify the pictorial possibilities of syntax.

1) Expressive use of sentences of various types (single-member, incomplete, non-union, etc.);

2) phraseological units;

Task 20. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. The tropes are based on the figurative use of words, and the stylistic figures are...

1) the same arrangement of similar members of the proposal;

2) a special arrangement of words that violates the usual order;

3) special syntactic constructions;

4) an intentional break in the utterance, conveying the emotionality of speech.

Task 21. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. Which type of metaphor is the most expressive?

1) General poetic;

3) linguistic (genetic);

4) for all types of metaphors, the figurativeness is the same.

Task 22. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. What stylistic figure gives the statement dynamism, liveliness, intonation of a natural conversation?

1) Ellipsis;

2) inversion;

3) gradation;

4) antithesis.

Task 23. Difficulty level 2, basic training level.

Indicate in which sentence metonymy is based on an external or internal connection between a place and people in this place.

1) I read Apuleius willingly, but I did not read Cicero. (ALushkin)

2) Their villages and fields for a violent raid he doomed to swords and fires. (A. Pushkin)

3) The whole field gasped. (A. Pushkin)

4) Not on silver, - on gold I ate. (A.Griboedov)

Task 24. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. The expressiveness of what means is based on the use of words in a figurative sense?

1) Metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche;

2) inversion, gradation, anaphora;

3) alliteration, assonance, intonation;

4) paronyms, homonyms, synonyms.

Task 25. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. What expressive technique is based on the use of synonyms?

1) Parallelism;

2) gradation;

3) inversion;

4) antithesis.

Task 26. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. In which series is the stylistic figure of speech used - an oxymoron?

1) A fool will judge, a smart one will judge (Proverb);

2) Sing well as a goldfinch rather than badly as a nightingale (I. Krylov);

3) The native side is the mother, the alien side is the stepmother (Proverb);

4) Eloquent silence, wretched luxury attire.

Task 27. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. What is the title of a literary work based on the antithesis?

1) "War and Peace" (L. Tolstoy);

2) "Crime and Punishment" (F. Dostoevsky);

3) "Donkey and Nightingale" (I. Krylov);

4) "The Master and Margarita" (M. Bulgakov).

Task 28. Difficulty level 2, basic training level.

A.N. Tolstoy used the following tropes and stylistic figures as figurative and expressive means in the article “Moscow is threatened by the enemy”. Determine which row is the synecdoche.

1) A black shadow has fallen on our land.

2) The red warrior must win.

3) You (Motherland) carry goodness and beauty in your heart; His (bright future) you build with your own hands.

4) Dearer than the motherland, dearer than the heart of our motherland - Moscow; no step further, no step back.

Task 29. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. Indicate the sentence where lexical compatibility is violated.

1) The accuracy and correctness of speech is an important aspect of stylistics.

2) In literature, as, indeed, in life, the exact choice of the word is very important.

4) The artist conveys the beauty of the material and spiritual world through paints, lines, colors.

Task 30. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. Indicate the sentence with the inappropriate use of emotionally colored words or phraseological units.

1) Artistic speech is a kind of mirror of the literary language.

2) All means of language are expressive, it is only necessary to skillfully use them.

3) Astafiev now and then resorts to the use of metaphors and personifications.

4) The language of fiction has always been considered the pinnacle of the literary language.

Topic III. Speech styles

Task 31. Difficulty level 2, basic training level.

Which of the prominent Russian linguists identified three styles in the language: high, mediocre (medium), low?

1) V.V. Vinogradov;

2) D.N. Ushakov;

3) L.V. Shcherba;

4) M.V. Lomonosov.

Task 32. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. Specify the main genre varieties of journalistic style.

1) Essays, newspaper and magazine articles, leaflets, speeches on social and political topics, reporting;

2) monograph, article, review, abstract, report, lecture;

3) various business documents, resolutions, laws, decrees, judicial speech;

4) dialogues, easy conversations, private letters, notes.

Task 33. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. Specify the style features of the journalistic style.

1) Ease; concreteness; inconsistency and discontinuity; emotional and evaluative information content; personal character; ^

2) stylistic uniformity; severity; objectivity of expression; accuracy, not allowing other interpretations; standardization;

3) appraisal; conscription; "the effect of novelty"; collectivity; documentary and factual accuracy; restraint; some officiality;

4) abstraction; generality; emphasized logic; accuracy; severity.

Task 34. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. What style of speech does this text belong to?

Barabinsk is the same age as Novosibirsk, in 2003 it turned 110 years old.

Today's Barabinsk is a city with a pronounced specialization. More than half of its able-bodied population is employed in transport or transport service enterprises.

Barabinsk occupies one of the first places among the cities of the region in terms of the size and share of their own income in the city budget: more than 70% of the townspeople earn themselves.

If in 2000 goods and services worth 84.5 million rubles were produced, in 2001 this amount exceeded 125 million rubles, and in 2002 it amounted to 174 million rubles. The largest volume of products is produced by enterprises: Antares JSC, Barabinsk Meat Products LLC, Barabinsk Fish Plant branch, feed mill. (A. Yudin)

1) Scientific style;

2) official business style;

3) conversational style;

4) journalistic style.

Task 35. Difficulty level 2, basic training level. Indicate the sentence where the author uses words of a different stylistic coloring.

1) Pushkin's works are brilliant not only as works of literature, but also as works of language, the art of the word.

2) Scientific prose affects the mind, artistic prose affects the senses.

3) The writer, addressing this problem, is trying to send people into a slightly different rut.

4) The scientist thinks in terms, the artist thinks in images.

Task 36. Difficulty level 3, advanced level of training.

In which row are typical violations of the norms of journalistic style not named?

1) The complication of oral forms of journalistic style with book constructions;

2) inappropriate use of linguistic means of different stylistic coloring in the text;

3) abuse of newspaper stamps;

4) informativeness, a combination of logic with figurativeness, open appraisal.

Task 37. Difficulty level 3, advanced level of training.

Indicate the error in the definition of lexical and phraseological features of the official business style.

1) Standardized steady turns, stamps;

2) common book vocabulary;

3) legal and diplomatic terminology;

4) wide use of words with an abstract meaning.

Task 38. Difficulty level 3, advanced level of training.

Indicate the error in determining the morphological features of the scientific style of speech.

1) The predominance of verbs;

2) frequent use of abstract verbal nouns;

3) unused pronouns I, you, verbs of the 1st and 2nd person singular;

4) the use of material and abstract nouns in the plural.

Task 39. Difficulty level 3, advanced level of training.

Point out the error in the definition of the syntactic features of the colloquial style.

1) The predominance of common sentences with a large number of homogeneous members, isolated participial and participial phrases, insert structures;

2) widespread use of interrogative and incentive sentences;

3) an abundance of simple, especially incomplete sentences;

4) the predominance of coordinating connections in a sentence over subordinating ones, an allied connection over an allied one.

Task 40. Difficulty level 3, advanced level of training.

Determine the style of speech according to typical violations of the norms:

unmotivated use of linguistic means with a bookish stylistic coloring; use of stationery; completeness of speech; lack of ease, emotionality; full pronunciation of sounds and sound combinations.

1) Official business style;

2) journalistic style;

3) scientific style;

4) conversational style.

Answers

1	-1;2-	2;3-	4; 4-2;	5 - 3; 6 - 1; 7	-1;8	- 2; 9 -	4; 10	- 1;
11 -	2; 12 -	2; 13 -	2; 14 -	3; 15 - 2; 16 -	1; 17-	-2; 18 -	4; 19	- 1;
20 -	3;21 -	2; 22 -	1; 23 -	3; 24 - 1; 25 -	2; 26-	-4; 27 -	1; 28	- 2;
29 -	3; 30 -	3; 31 -	4; 32 -	1; 33 - 3; 34 -	4; 35-	- 3; 36 -	4; 37	- 4;
38 -	1; 39 -	1; 40 -	4.

(the motif of "the conquest (discovery) of America" ​​in the work of N. S. Gumilyov)

The work of the great Russian poet N. S. Gumilyov (1886-1921) is one of the brightest pages in the "chronicle" of Russian literature of the early twentieth century. A special role in the poetry, prose and drama of N. S. Gumilyov is played by geographical images, themes, motifs and symbols, which were interpreted and comprehended by the poet not only in artistic, but also in cultural, philosophical and religious terms. In the works of the poet, geography develops into geosophy - the philosophy of geography. Lyrical hero Gumilyov's poetry is a traveler, warrior, wanderer, wandering around the world in search of the mysterious "India of the Spirit", which can be interpreted as a spiritual and poetic pinnacle, holy land, "the kingdom of poetry", "earthly paradise".

Throughout his short but surprisingly eventful life, Gumilyov had a great interest in the era of great geographical discoveries, in the topic of the "conquest of America" ​​by the Spanish conquistadors led by Cortes. And in the first, youthful collection "The Path of the Conquistadors" (1905), and in the mature poem "The Discovery of America" ​​(1910), and in poems of the later period, Gumilyov developed the theme of discovering and conquering new, unknown lands, compared the poet, his role in the world with the mission of a discoverer, traveler, geographer. A stormy surge of interest in the subject of the conquest of Latin America (Mexico and Peru) by conquistadors Gumilyov experienced in the trenches of the First World War. The poet went to war as a volunteer, for the courage shown in battles, he deserved the St. George Crosses, but did not stop creating, creating brilliant poems, and forming ideas for new works.

On January 15, 1917, from the camp of the army in New Bevershof, N. S. Gumilyov wrote to the future “woman of the Russian revolution”, “commissar”, “red Valkyrie” Larisa Mikhailovna Reisner: “The play you ordered me (about Cortes and Mexico) every hour looms before me clearer and clearer. Through the "magic crystal" (remember, Pushkin) I see painfully vivid pictures, I hear smells, voices. Sometimes I even jump up, like a dog who has seen a dream that has disturbed her. It would be wonderful, my play, if I were a more skillful technician. How I regret now the wasted years, when, obeying the suggestions of ignorant critics, I was looking for some sincerity and warmth in poetry, and did not practice writing rondos, rondels, le, virele. The play referred to in this letter was supposed to be dedicated to the aggressive campaign of Cortes in Mexico, as a result of which the empire of Montezuma fell. Gumilyov highly valued the work of the English writer Rider Haggard, and therefore the starting point for the idea of ​​the play about Cortez and Mexico (along with other sources) was Haggard's novel The Daughter of Montezuma.

Haggard's novel tells of the destruction of the Aztec empire, who, according to the protagonist of the novel, the English squire Thomas Wingfield, were guilty of offering their children to the altars of Huitzilopochtli and Tezcatlipoca. Haggard, through the mouth of Thomas Wingfield, accused the people of Montezuma that this people did evil in the name of good, sacrificed thousands of human lives to their gods, hoping to earn peace, prosperity and wealth. We are talking here about the understanding of the civilizations of South and Central America by the Catholic and Protestant consciousness. When Christian missionaries got acquainted with local cults, accompanied by sacrifices, they came to the conclusion that the land discovered by Columbus was the kingdom of the Antichrist. Haggard, through the protagonist of the novel, accused the "people of Anuak" of bloody and cruel rituals. However, Thomas Wingfield considered the Spaniards even more guilty: “In the name of mercy, they did such cruelties as the pagan Aztecs never dreamed of; in the name of Christ they broke every day his commandments. Will they really triumph, will these atrocities bring them happiness? I am too old and will not live to see with my own eyes the answer to my question. However, Thomas Wingfield himself formulates the answer to his own question: “I know that all the atrocities of the Spaniards will fall on their own heads, and already now I see this most proud people in the world dishonored, dishonored and ruined, an unfortunate scumbag who has nothing but great past. What Drake recently began under Gravelines, God will finish everywhere else at some other time. There will be no trace of the power of Spain, the empire of the Spaniards will disappear, as the empire of Montezuma disappeared.

In the preface to the novel ("Why Thomas Wingfield Tells His Story") the decline of Spain's maritime glory is already a fait accompli. The novel begins with the death of the Invincible Armada, which was lost during a storm off the British coast. In the death of the Spanish armada, Wingfield sees historical retribution: the country, enriched by the destruction of Montezuma's empire, must lose the stolen gold and become as impoverished as the devastated land of the Aztecs. If Haggard's novel became the starting point of the play conceived by Gumilyov about the conquest of Mexico by Cortes, then a deeper approach to the designated topic was associated with the fundamental work of William Warren Prescott "The Conquest of Mexico".

In the letter quoted above, dated January 15, 1917, Gumilyov asked Larisa Reisner to send him Prescott's book, which was published in 1843 in New York and was translated into the main European languages. Prescott's work inspired Gumilyov so much that on January 22 of the same 1917, the poet wrote to Larisa Reisner: “What an amazing book this is. It is all compiled on the basis of the writings of ancient chroniclers, part of the associates of Cortes, and Prescott himself did not go far from them in a sweet naivety of style and thoughts. (...) The only pity is that now we have to change the plan of the play, Prescott convinced me of my ignorance about Mexican affairs. But the plan is nonsense, there will still be a play, and I don’t know why you decided that it would be miniature, it is a tragedy in five acts, a synthesis of Shakespeare and Racine! .

Gumilyov never wrote a play about Cortes and Mexico, but the images of the conquistadors from the army of Cortez, as well as the motive for the fall of a mysterious ancient civilization under the onslaught of a handful of Europeans, occupied Gumilyov all his life. The first, youthful, collection of the poet - as we said above - was called "The Way of the Conquistadors". The key to this collection was "Sonnet" ("I am a conquistador in an iron shell"). The lyrical hero of this poem - the knight of the spirit, resting in a "joyful garden" like Eden, is certainly far from the historical conquistadors from the army of Cortes who destroyed the empire of Montezuma. In the Sonnet, Gumilyov used only one feature of real conquistadors - their undeniable passionarity, a rare passionary charge, thanks to which a handful of Spanish adventurers managed to bring the mighty Aztec empire to the brink of death.

“The path of the conquistadors”, according to Gumilyov, is the road to the unknown, the path to the mysterious ancient kingdoms, a dangerous journey, every moment of which can end in death. But even death promises the hero of the "Sonnet" amazing discoveries associated with touching another, higher, good beginning of being: "And if in this world it is not given / We can unforge the last link, / Let death come, I call any! / I will fight with her to the end, / And, perhaps, with the hand of a dead man / I will get a blue lily.

The blue lily mentioned in the sonnet is an invariant of the mystical "blue flower" of the German romantics of the 19th century. and Russian symbolists. The romantic of the Jena School, the poet-philosopher Georg Friedrich Philipp Baron von Hardenberg, who chose the pseudonym Novalis, sang the “blue flower” in the novel Heinrich von Ofterdingen. The “blue flower” meant the “soul of the world”, the eternally feminine principle of the universe, Sophia the Wisdom of God. The blue color personified for Novalis the height of the sky and the depth of the sea, infinity and eternity. The Blue Flower is the highest goal for which Heinrich von Ofterdingen sets out on his travels.

In Novalis's novel, the protagonist learns about the blue flower from a "mysterious stranger" story. “The young man tossed about in bed and thought about the stranger and his stories. “It is not treasures that attract me so inexpressibly,” he said to himself, “greed is alien to my soul: I only dream of seeing a blue flower. He tirelessly occupies my thoughts, I can neither write nor think about anything else. I have never experienced anything like it: as if everything before was a dream, or as if I had passed in a dream into another world. In the world I lived in, no one would think about flowers; and I have never even heard of such a special passion for a flower, ”says the protagonist of Heinrich von Ofterdingen. In a dream, the petals of a “blue flower” open before the hero, and a “tender face” is shown in the cup of the plant. Before readers - a symbol of Eternal Femininity, beauty and spiritual depth of the world.

Gumilyov's "blue lily", which the lyrical hero of the "Sonnet", a conquistador in an iron shell of deep and sincere faith, obtains at the cost of his life, refers us to the Bible, to the "Song of Songs", where the Groom and the Bride, souls are compared with the beauty of the "lily of the valleys". united by eternal and unfading love. In medieval Christian iconography, the lily was an attribute of the Virgin Mary. The fleur-de-lis is associated with the monogram of Christ or the cross of St. Andrew, "crossed by the letter "p" and the old cross of Eduard Goll (St. Andrew's cross with a vertical line passing through the center)" .

The conquistadors called themselves "knights of the faith", bringing the light of Christianity to the unenlightened peoples of South and Central America. Undoubtedly, the Christianization of Montezuma's empire was cruel and bloody and led to the death of one of the oldest world civilizations, the interest in which was huge at the beginning of the 20th century. The poets of the "Silver Age" of Russian culture became interested in the Aztec Empire in the context of the theory of "disappeared civilizations". The great civilizations of antiquity were recognized as the bearers of "sacred knowledge", ancient magical secrets.

The fundamental work of William Warren Prescott revealed to Europeans and Russian readers a unique culture destroyed by the conquistadors. Prescott described the latter as cruel and greedy adventurers, who, however, possessed extraordinary energy and courage shown in battles with the Indians.

In Gumilyov's poem "The Old Conquistador", the conqueror of America is depicted as a seeker of the unknown, a traveler following a dangerous but attractive route, deepening into the "unknown mountains": snow masses". Condors - American vultures and snowy masses of "unknown mountains" remind us of Central and South America. However, in the realm of the unknown, the conquistador recalls "sunny Castile" and, dying, invites death to "play with broken bones." The poem contains the motif of a duel with death as a game in which, undoubtedly, the courage and passionarity of an aged adventurer wins. As we can see, Gumilyov's conquistador - a traveler, a wanderer, a seeker of "outside" - is far from the historical conquistadors described by Prescott.

“Gumilyov’s wanderers are mystic, mystagogues, pursuing primarily mystical goals. Their main goal is a complete vision of the world, penetration beyond phenomenality, and the achievement of this goal is, according to Gumilyov, on the paths of movement, “divine movement”, participation in which is perceived as asceticism, a spiritual feat. The concept of “wandering” here merges with the concept of “pilgrimage” - a form of obedience that is equal to that inherent in both the Christian and Muslim religious movements,” Yu. The understanding of the feat of wandering as a form of obedience is characteristic of the biblical tradition and patristic literature. Both in the case of monasticism and in the case of pilgrimage, a person leaves home and habitual life, following some lofty goal.

The motive of the path to the unknown is associated with Gumilyov with the image-symbol of a geographical map with mysterious routes marked on it. The image-symbol of such a card is present in A. Akhmatova’s poem “He loved three things in the world”, dedicated to N. S. Gumilyov: “He loved three things in the world: / For evening singing, white peacocks / And erased maps of America”.

"Erased maps of America" ​​point to Gumilyov's poem "The dawns are still dazzling" (1907), the lyrical hero of which is called "the seeker otherworldly Americas"("Seeker of otherworldly Americas, / I gave myself to the ship, / So that, looking at the abandoned shore, / Whisper the golden "I love!". "The otherworldly Americas" symbolize fertile, paradise lands, similar to the mysterious "India of the Spirit", the image-symbol of which present in Gumilyov's poem "The Lost Tram".

To comprehend the sacred meanings of the "erased maps of America", to reconstruct their obscure routes must be poetic imagination, poetic word. The maps of the “foreign Americas” require the co-creation of the poet who reads them. Here it would be appropriate to recall the torn map from the cycle “Captains” (“On the polar and southern seas”) (“Who with a needle on torn map// Marks his impudent path ", and "unknown continents // painful outlines" that appear to the geographer "at the hour of difficult dreams" (poem "Ice drift". The map requires reading, the "torturous outlines" of unknown continents are recreations, and that is why the geographer's dreams called "difficult".

The search for the “golden Indian garden”, the mysterious fertile land, is a through motif of Gumilyov’s poem “The Discovery of America”. As you know, Christopher Columbus was looking for a western route to India and managed to captivate with this idea Juan Perez, the former confessor of Queen Isabella of Spain, the abbot of the monastery of Rabida, located near the city of Palos. It was from the port of Palos that Columbus' caravels entered the sea. In Gumilyov's poem, the prelates who called on the Spanish sailors to take part in the expedition of Columbus told the people about the "golden Indian garden" awaiting travelers. Gumilyov described the preparatory period of the Columbus expedition as follows: “And no one on the ship running / To wondrous countries, reserved bushes, / Did not dare to think about the future; / In thoughts it was empty and dark; / Frowningly measured the bottom with a lot, / Repaired the canvas of the sails. And further: “Astrologers on the evening of their departure / Calculated stellar events, / Their words read: “Everything is a lie.” / The wind from the left foamed the ocean, / And frightened with the horror of the flood / The dark prophecies of the gitans. / And in vain the prelates from the pulpit / They promised them so many rewards, / They promised knightly armor, / They promised kingdoms instead of pay, / And about golden indian garden/ So many stanzas thundered and ballads.

The desire of Columbus to open a new path to rich and great India, to the "golden Indian garden" Gumilyov interpreted as a path to the unknown, to a different being, to "new, better herbs and lakes." In this interpretation of the image of Columbus, the poet followed D. N. Anuchin, whose work “On the fate of Columbus as a historical figure and on the controversial and dark points of his biography” was published in 1894. In this work, Anuchin drew attention to the following passage from a letter from Columbus to the king and queen of Spain: “I appeared to Your Majesty as an envoy of the Holy Trinity to the most powerful Christian sovereign to promote and spread the Christian faith; for truly God speaks clearly about these overseas countries through the mouth of the prophet Isaiah (Is. 24, 15; 65, 17), when he declares that his holy name should spread from Spain. In the poem, Gumilyov emphasized the lofty mission of Columbus, the spiritual nature of this mission: the path of the seeker of the “golden Indian garden” in the “Discovery of America” is illuminated by the Muse of Distant Wanderings, symbolizing eternal, good movement and perfection.

In the poem "The Discovery of America", Columbus initially discovered an unknown land from "tables, drawings and faded pages", made an imaginary journey under the vault of the monastery library, sorting out the drawings with prior Juan, before realizing it. Gumilyov brings together anesthesia, born of depth (see in the cycle "Captains": "What kind of anesthesia once gave birth to depth for you ...") and library dust (recall the poem "In the Library", where "the dust is drunker than a drug" .

As already noted by Yu. V. Zobnin, in Gumilyov's texts, the process of reading is metaphorically likened to a journey. Reading and interpreting the faded pages of old books is a journey in miniature, it contains the prototype of a future journey. Reading is also an invitation to a journey, a prologue to a journey as a great accomplishment, a labor of the spirit. But if the reader is like a navigator, as in the poem "Book Reader", then the poet is like a geographer who not only "reads", interprets space, but also discovers new lands and, most importantly, names them.

In The Discovery of America, Columbus "calculated" an unknown land before discovering and naming it. The verb "counted" is quite natural for this context. In the poem “Hottentot Cosmogony”, only the Creator can “calculate” the created world (“God, who numbered the whole world ...” . According to Gumilev’s logic, to calculate the created world means to create and cognize it. Cognition is followed by naming, giving the created fullness of being. Poet as the discoverer and namer is able to first "calculate" a certain space, then discover and name it.The name that the poet gives to the space turns out to be the ancient sacred name of this space.

N. S. Gumilyov mythologised the role of the geographer and in every possible way emphasized the spiritual relationship between the geographer and the poet. A true poet in Gumilyov is like a geographer, to whom “in the hour of difficult dreams” (the poem “Ice drift”) are “torturous outlines of unknown continents”. Painful, terrible, suffering for both the poet and the geographer, the process of creativity leads to the "discovery of America." In the poem "The Discovery of America" ​​the open land is presented to sailors as familiar, dear, seen "in the hour of difficult dreams." Strictly speaking, for Gumilyov, the work of a poet, the process of creativity in general, is a prophetic dream about the “sweet homeland”, about the “India of the Spirit”. So, in the poem "The Discovery of America" ​​we read: " If a mortal sees a glimpse of paradise, / Only tirelessly opening» . Therefore, Columbus in the poem "The Discovery of America" ​​is accompanied by the Muse of distant wanderings, who also patronized the poet Gumilyov.

The poet-geographer is a poet-discoverer and name-maker who, like Adam in Paradise, gives names to things. “The discovery of America” is also the discovery of the language of “virgin names” (see the poem “Rose”: “Only virgin names poets are allowed to leave”, authentic, ancient names of things. At the same time, the poet is likened to an archaeologist who rediscovers antiquity - temples covered with sand and ancient cities lost in the desert.

In the sacred geography of N. S. Gumilyov, the "fertile land" - the goal and result of the wanderings of the hero-traveler - can be likened to a garden, an island (islands), a virgin, unknown land, a sea coast or an oasis in the desert. In this regard, the poet relied on the biblical tradition of depicting Paradise in the Old and New Testaments, in the Book of Genesis and in the Revelation of John the Theologian: “And the Lord God planted paradise in Eden in the east; and placed there the man whom he had created. And the Lord God made to grow on the earth every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food, and the tree of life in the midst of paradise, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. A river came out of Eden to water paradise; and then divided into four rivers” (Gen. 2, 8, 10). In the first case, Paradise is a wonderful garden, Eden, in the second, Heavenly Jerusalem: “And I, John, saw the holy city of new Jerusalem, coming down from God from heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband” (Rev. 21, 2 ); “And the night will not be there, and they will not need a lamp or the light of the sun, for the Lord God illuminates them” (Rev. 22, 5); “And he (the angel) lifted me up in spirit to a great high mountain and showed me the great city, holy Jerusalem, which descended from heaven from God” (Rev. 21:10).

Gumilyov's heroes-wanderers have visions of paradise, the Garden of Eden or unknown, blissful lands. So, in the poem "Garden of Eden" we read: "In a golden-purple mirage / A wondrous garden rises before me." In Gumilyov's work, there is the theme of "wandering of the spirit", understood in the context of Christian culture. The theme of “feast”, “great eternal blessedness of the supper”, which Christ will create for the faithful in the Kingdom of Heaven, the City of God, is directly related to the idea of ​​a person as a wanderer and a stranger in this world. Wandering as a spiritual phenomenon has its own space, its own "geography" (exodus from Egypt, the earthly world, to Jerusalem - the City of God). Wandering is inseparable from the motive for building the city of the “inner man”. Gumilevsky Columbus is among such wanderers. That is why the admiral is kept on his earthly paths by the Muse of Far Wanderings. The mistakes and sins of Columbus pale in the poem "The Discovery of America" ​​before his great feat, based on the desire for "new, better herbs and lakes." Gumilyov's Columbus embodies the idea of ​​perpetual motion, understood as improvement and development, as overcoming the inertia of earthly existence with the help of the divine, good rhythm.
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