FROM IPATIEVSKAYA CHRONICLE

FROM IPATIEVSKAYA CHRONICLE

In summer 6691. On the 23rd of February, on the 1st week of Lent, the godless Polovtsy from Izmal came to Russia to fight against Dmitrov with the Okonchak and Gleb Tirievich, and God's intercession and there would be no dirty tricks from them. prince same Svyatoslav Vsevolodich, having guessed with his matchmaker Rurik, went to the Polovts and stood at Olzhich, waiting for Yaroslav and Shchernigov. And I will send Yaroslav and speak to them: “Now, brothers, don’t go, but sooner, God willing, let’s go for the summer.” Svyatoslav and Rurik, having listened to him, returned. Svyatoslav sent his sons from his regiment field to Igor, ordering him to take a place in himself, and Rurik of the ambassador Volodymyr Glebovich from his regiment. Volodymyr Glebovich sent an ambassador to Igor, asking him to go ahead with his regiment: the princes of Borussia gave to ride ahead in the Russian land. Igor is not for him. Volodimer got angry and returned. And from there, going, going to the cities of the North, and taking in them a lot of booty. Igor, return the Kiev regiments and assign Olga, his son Svyatoslav, to them, in order to bring the regiment to the goal, and he himself, taking with him his brother Vsevolod, and Svyatoslavich Vsevolod, and Andrey with Roman, and a little from the black hood, with Kuldyurem and with Kuntuvdem, and having come to the river to Khyria. And those nights were warm and the rain was raining, and the water multiplied, and there was no place for them to move, but the Polovtsy, who were dragged over by the ropes, escaping, and which they did not drag, but took them; rekosha, like in that army and many horses and cattle drowned the essence in Hiria, running before Russia<...>

In the year 6691 (1183). On the twenty-third day of February, in the first week of Lent, the Ishmaelites, the godless Polovtsy, came to war in Russia, to Dmitrov, with the accursed Kolchak and Gleb Tirievich, but by God's intercession they did not bring trouble. Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodich consulted with his matchmaker Rurik, and they went against the Polovtsy and stopped at Olzhich, waiting for Yaroslav from Chernigov. Yaroslav met them and said to them: "Now, brothers, do not go, but, having agreed on the time, if God wills, let's go to them in the summer." Svyatoslav and Rurik, having obeyed him, returned. Svyatoslav sent his sons with their regiments across the steppe to Igor, ordering him to go instead of himself, while Rurik sent Vladimir Glebovich with his regiments. And Vladimir Glebovich sent to Igor, asking him for permission to come forward with his regiment, for the Russian princes entrusted him with advanced regiments in the Russian land. But Igor did not allow him to do this. Vladimir got angry and returned. And going from there, he attacked the cities of the North and captured a lot of booty in them. Igor turned back the Kiev regiments and placed Oleg and his nephew Svyatoslav over them, so that they would bring the army without losses, and he himself went, taking with him his brother Vsevolod and Vsevolod Svyatoslavich, and Andrei with Roman, and a certain number of soldiers from black hoods with Kuldur and with Kuntuvdey, and they came to the river Khorol. And it was warm that night, it was raining heavily, and the water rose, and they could not find a ford, and the Polovtsy, who managed to cross with their tents, were saved, and those who did not have time, they were taken prisoner; they said that during this campaign and their flight from the Russians, many tents, and horses, and cattle drowned in the Khorol River.<...>

That same summer, God put in the heart of Svyatoslav, the prince of Kiev and the Grand Duke of Rurik Rostislavich ... to drink on the Polovts. And the princes were sent after the roundabout, and Svyatoslavich Mstislav and Gleb joined him, and Volodymyr Glebovich from Pereyaslavl, Vsevolod Yaroslavich from Luchsk with his brother Mstislav, Romanovich Mstislav, Izyaslav Davydovich and Gorodensky Mstislav, Yaroslav, prince Pinsky with to help, but his brothers did not go, saying: “We are farther to go to the bottom of the Dnieper, we cannot leave our land empty: but hedgehog If you go to Pereyaslavl, then we will unite with you on Sul. Svyatoslav, not loving his brother, went, hurrying his way and encouraging God's providence, his elder sons did not burden the darkness from the Chernigov side. Walking along the Dnieper, and that one, where the Inzhir ford is called, and that one wandered to the military side of the Dnieper and 5 days looking for them. The same detachment of the younger princes in front of their regiments: the detachment of Volodimer Pereyaslavsky, and Gleb, and Mstislav, his son, and Romanovich Mstislav and Gleb Gyurgovich, Prince of Dubrovitsa, and Mstislav Volodimerich and Berendev with him were 2100. Polovtsy, having seen Volodymyr's regiment, going strong against them, and running away, persecuted by the wrath of God and holy Mother of God. But they, who rode along them, could not comprehend, Russia returned, and standing in place, we call Yerel, whose name Russia is Ugol.

In the same year, God prompted Svyatoslav, Prince of Kiev, and the Grand Duke Rurik Rostislavich to go to war against the Polovtsians. And they sent to the neighboring princes, and Mstislav and Gleb Svyatoslavichs gathered to them, and Vladimir Glebovich from Pereyaslavl, Vsevolod Yaroslavich from Luchsk with his brother Mstislav, Mstislav Romanovich, Izyaslav Davidovich and Mstislav Gorodensky, Yaroslav, Prince of Pinsk with his brother Gleb, and from Galich help came from Yaroslav, but their brothers did not come, saying: “We have a long way to go to the lower reaches of the Dnieper, we cannot leave our land without protection, but if you go through Pereyaslavl, we will meet you at Sula.” Svyatoslav, angry with his brothers, hastily set off on his way, prompted by Divine Providence; that is why his older sons did not ripen from Chernigov. He moved along the Dnieper and reached the place called Fig-ford, and then he crossed to the enemy bank of the Dnieper and searched for the Polovtsy for five days. Then he sent the younger princes in front of his regiments: he sent Vladimir Pereyaslavsky, and Gleb, and Mstislav, his son, and Mstislav Romanovich, and Gleb Yuryevich, Prince of Dubrovitsky, and Mstislav Vladimirovich, and there were two thousand one hundred Berendeys with him. And the Polovtsy, seeing the detachment of Vladimir boldly advancing towards them, ran, driven by the wrath of God and the Holy Mother of God. The Russians, chasing them, did not catch up, returned and stopped at a place called Orel, which in Russia is called the Corner.

The Polovtsian prince Kobyak, thinking the interpretation of Russia, return and chase after them. Walking along them, seeing half a circle of rust, starting to shoot at the river and starting to overtake between themselves, and be that long. Hearing the same Svyatoslav and Rurik and empty them more regiments to help, and she herself keeps up with them. As if I saw the Polovtsi of the auxiliary regiments and thought that Svyatoslav and Rurik, abye jump. Russia, having received the help of God and turned into it, and started the fight and imati. And so the Lord did mercy to the peasants, on the same day God glorified Prince Svyatoslav and Rurik for her faith.

The Polovtsian prince Kobyak, having decided that this was the whole Russian army, returned and began to pursue him. When the Polovtsy, pursuing, saw the Russian regiments, they began to exchange fire across the river and tried to get around each other, and this went on for a considerable time. Upon learning of this, Svyatoslav and Rurik sent the main forces to help them, and they themselves hastily followed. When the Polovtsy saw the regiments that came to the rescue, they decided that Svyatoslav and Rurik were with them, and immediately turned back. The Russians, strengthened by God's help, broke through their line and began to flog and capture them. And so the Lord showed His mercy to Christians, on that day God exalted Svyatoslav and Rurik for their piety.

And that Yasha Kobyak Karlyevich with two sons, Bilyukovich Izay and Tovly with son, and his brother Bokmish, Osaluk, Barak, Tarkh, Danil and Saddvak Kulobichsky yash, and Koryaz Kalotanovich killed that and Tarsuk, and in ѣkh be-shisla. God create victory this month of July at 30 on Monday, in memory of St. Ivan the Warrior. The Great Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodich and Rurik Rostislavich received from God for a filthy victory and returned home with great glory and honor.

And then Kobyak Karlyevich was taken prisoner with his two sons, Bilyukovich Izay, and Tovly with his son, and his brother Bokmish, Osaluk, Barak, Tarkh, Danil and Sodvak Kulobichsky were also captured, and Koryaz Kalotanovich was killed here and Tarsuk, and others - without counting . God granted victory this month of July on the thirtieth day, on Monday, on the day of memory of St. Ivan the Warrior. And the Grand Duke Svyatoslav Vsevolodich and Rurik Rostislavich, having received victory from God over the filthy ones, returned home with glory and great honor.

That same summer, hearing Igor Svyatoslavlich, Svyatoslav was walking on the Polovtsy, calling his brother Vsevolod and his son Svyatoslav and his son Volodymyr to him, saying to his brothers and to the whole squad: “The Polovtsy turned against the Russian prince, and without them we eat on the vines hit them." Yes, as if it were for Merlom, and having met with the Polovtsy, the greater Obovly Kostukovich went to fight in four steps to Russia, and that Abye sent horses to them. The Polovtsi, however, ran away by God's command, and drove Russia, and defeated that one, and returned home.

At the same time, Igor Svyatoslavich, having heard that Svyatoslav went to the Polovtsy, called his brother Vsevolod, and his nephew Svyatoslav, and his son Vladimir, and turned to his brethren and to the whole squad: “The Polovtsy opposed the Russian princes, and we, without them we will try to attack their vestments. And when they crossed over Merla, they met with the Polovtsians - Obovly Kostukovich rode with four hundred soldiers to fight in Russia, and then they rushed towards them on horseback. The Polovtsy, by the command of God, fled, and the Russians chased after them, and defeated them here, and returned home.

At the same time, Volodimer Yaroslavich of Galichsky, the brother-in-law of Igorev, to be with Igor, was not kicked out by his father from Galich. The same Volodymyr came before Volodymyr to the Romanovs. Roman, watching over his father, do not let him rest at home. From there, go to Ingvarov Dorogobuzh, and he, watching his father, and not accepting him. And he then went to Svyatopolk Turov, and he also let him go; to Davydov Smolensk - Let Davyd go, to Suzhdal to Vsevolod, see your own. Volodymyr Galichky will not find peace there, when you come to your son-in-law Putivl, to Igor Svyatoslavich. The same priya with love and put a great honor on him, and for two years keeping both with you, and for the third summer, introduce him into love with his father and sent with him his son, Rurikov’s son-in-law, Svyatoslav<...>.

At the same time, Vladimir Yaroslavich of Galitsky, Igorev's brother-in-law, was with Igor, as he was expelled from Galich by his father. That Vladimir first of all went to Vladimir to Roman, but Roman, fearing his father, did not allow him to settle in his place. From there he went to Ingvar in Dorogobuzh, and he, out of fear of his father, did not receive Vladimir. And he went from there to Turov, to Svyatopolk, and he also did not let him in, to David in Smolensk - and Davyd did not let him in, to Suzdal to Vsevolod, his uncle, but even there Vladimir Galitsky did not find peace and came to Putivl, to son-in-law Igor Svyatoslavich. The same met him cordially and with great honor and kept him for two years, and in the third year he reconciled him with his father and sent with him his son, Rurikov's son-in-law, Svyatoslav.<...>

And then the battle ended, and the captives were separated, and the Polovtsians each went to their own towers. Igor was taken prisoner by a husband named Chilbuk from Targolovtsy, and Vsevolod, his brother, was captured by Roman Kzich, and Svyatoslav Olgovich was captured by Yeldechuk from Voburtsevichi, and Vladimir was captured by Kopti from Ulashevichi. Then, on the battlefield, Konchak vouched for his matchmaker Igor, for he was wounded. And out of so many people, few were able to escape by a lucky chance, it was impossible for the fugitives to escape - as if surrounded by strong walls were the Polovtsian regiments. But fifteen of our Russian husbands ran away, and even fewer kovuevs, and the rest drowned in the sea.

At the same time, the Grand Duke Vsevolodich Svyatoslav was on his way to Korachev and collect howls from the Upper Lands, although he would go to the Polovtsi to Donovi for the whole summer. As if Svyatoslav returned and was at Novgorod Sversky, and hearing about his brothers, they went to the Polovtsy, hiding him, and he was not happy. Svyatoslav was walking in boats, and as if he had come to Chernigov, and in that year Belovolod Prosovich came running, and told Svyatoslav the former about the Polovtsy. Svyatoslav, then hearing and sighing grandly, wiped away his tears and said: “Oh, my brothers, and sons and husband of the Russian land! God gave me to tire the filthy, but not restraining the weariness, he opened the gates to the Russian land. The will of the Lord be done about everything! Yes, it’s a pity for me to lash out at Igor, so now I’m sorry for Igor, my brother.

At this time, the Grand Duke Svyatoslav Vsevolodich went to Karachev and gathered soldiers in the Upper Lands, intending to go to the Don for the whole summer. When Svyatoslav was already on his way back near Novgorod-Seversky, he heard about his brothers that they went secretly from him to the Polovtsy, and he was very annoyed by this. Svyatoslav at that time sailed in the boats; when he arrived in Chernigov, Belovolod Prosovich ran there and told Svyatoslav about what had happened in the Polovtsian land. Svyatoslav, having learned about this, sighed heavily and said, wiping his tears: “Oh, my dear brethren, and sons, and men of the Russian land! God gave me victory over the filthy, and you, unable to restrain the ardor of youth, opened the gates to the Russian land. The will of the Lord be done in everything! And as I just got annoyed with Igor, so now I mourn him, my brother.

Therefore, Svyatoslav sent his son Olga and Volodimer to the Family. That’s because when you heard, the towns of the family were stirred up, and there was grief and hardness fierce, as if there had never been in the whole Family and in Novgorod Sѣversky and throughout the Chernigov volost: the princes were seized and the squad was seized and beaten. And to rage, as if in a muddy, city to get up, and then it’s not nice to beat someone’s neighbor, but then I’ll renounce my souls, pitying for my princes. Therefore, the ambassador Svyatoslav to Davydov Smolensk, the river: “They told byakhom to drink on the Polovtsi and fly on the Don, now the Polovtsi have defeated Igor and his brother and with son, but go, brother, guard the Russian land. Davyd came along the Dnieper, and other people came to help, and stood at Trepol, and Yaroslav in Chernigov, having gathered his howls, stood.

After that, Svyatoslav sent his son Oleg and Vladimir to the Family. Upon learning of what had happened, the towns of the Posem were in turmoil, and they were seized with grief and great sadness, which had never happened in the entire Family, and in Novgorod-Seversky, and in the whole land of Chernigov: the princes were captured, and the squad was captured or killed. And people rushed about in confusion, fermentation began in the cities, and then their loved ones were not dear to anyone, but many forgot about their souls, grieving about their princes. Then Svyatoslav sent to Davyd in Smolensk, with the words: “We agreed to go to the Polovtsy and spend the summer on the banks of the Don, and now the Polovtsy defeated Igor, and his brother, and son; so come, brother, to protect the Russian land. Davyd sailed along the Dnieper, others came to the rescue, and settled at Trepol, and Yaroslav with his regiments stood in Chernigov.

The filthy Polovtsy, having defeated Igor and his brother, and taking great pride and stinging up all their tongues on the Russian land. And be with them which; say to Konchak: "Let's go to the Kiev side, where the essence is beaten brothers our and our Grand Duke Bonyak, ”and Kza say:“ Let's go to Seven, where the wives and ... children are left: ready for us full of collected, earth the cities without fear." And so divided in two: Konchak went to Pereyaslavl and set foot on the city, and stayed there all day. Volodimer Glѣbovich was the prince in Pereyaslavl, but he was bold and strong to the rati, leaving the city and going to them. And for him a little daring retinue. And fight hard with them, and surround the many Polovtsy. Then the others, seeing their prince thrashing hard, rushed out of the city and so repulsed their prince, they were stinging with three spears. This good Volodimer is an ulcer, it is difficult to enter your city, and in the morning of a courageous sweat of his own for his eye ... Volodimer to hear to Svyatoslav and to Rurik and to Davydov and speak to them: “Behold, I have a half, but help me.” Svyatoslav is to hear from Davydov, and Davyd is standing at Trepol from Smolnya. The Smolnyans, more often than not, said: “We went to Kyiv, even if there was an army, we fought with a fight, if we had to search otherwise, we couldn’t, we were already exhausted.” Svyatoslav, with Rurik and with other help, went to the Dnieper against the Polovtsy, and Davyd returned again from Smolny. That heard the Polovtsi and returned from Pereyaslav. Go past, proceed to Rimovi. The Rimovichi shut themselves up in the city and climbed on the fence, and thus, by the judgment of God, two city women with people flew to the soldiers. And for the rest of the citizens there is fear, but which citizens come out of the city and fight, walking in the Roman swamp, then they are in excess of captivity, and whoever remains in the city, and you all take the former. Volodimer, however, hearkens to Svyatoslav Vsevolodich and Rurik Rostislavich, forcing them to him, but help him. He was late, waiting for Davyd from Smolnya. And so the Russian princes were late and did not stop them. The Polovtsi, having taken the city of Rimov, and having become full of water and gone home, the princes, having returned to their houses, beat sadness and with their son Volodymyr Glѣbovich, forbid wounded Great with mortal ulcers, and the peasants captive from the filthy.

The filthy Polovtsy, having defeated Igor and his brethren, became quite proud and gathered all their people to go to the Russian land. And they began to argue; Konchak said: "Let's go to Kiev, where our brethren and our Grand Duke Bonyak were killed"; and Gza said: "Let's go to the Sejm, where their wives and children are left: there a ready-made full is assembled for us, we will take the cities without fear of anyone." And so they split in two: Konchak went to Pereyaslavl, and surrounded the city, and fought there all day. Vladimir Glebovich, Prince of Pereyaslavl, was brave and strong in battle, he left the city and attacked the enemies. And only a few of the squad decided to follow him. He fought fiercely and was surrounded by many Polovtsians. Then the rest of the Pereyaslavtsy, seeing how courageously their prince was fighting, jumped out of the city and rescued their prince, who was wounded by three spears. And that glorious warrior, Vladimir, seriously wounded, rode into his city and wiped his courageous sweat for his fatherland. And Vladimir sent to Svyatoslav, and to Rurik, and to Davyd, with a request: "I have the Polovtsy, so help me." Svyatoslav sent to Davyd, and Davyd stood at Trepol with the Smolensk people. The Smolensk people began to confer and said this: “We came to Kiev, if there was a battle there, we would fight, but why should we look for another battle, we can’t - we’re already tired.” And Svyatoslav with Rurik and with others who came to the rescue went along the Dnieper against the Polovtsy, while Davyd returned back with his Smolensk people. The Polovtsians, having heard about this, retreated from Pereyaslavl. And, passing by Rimov, they laid siege to him. Rimovichi shut themselves up in the city and filled all the fences, and, by the will of God, two city dwellers with people collapsed on the side of the besiegers. The rest of the townspeople were attacked by fear, some of them ran out of the city and fought in the swamps near Rimov, they escaped captivity, and those who remained in the city were all captured. Vladimir sent to Svyatoslav Vsevolodich and Rurik Rostislavich, calling them to his aid. But Svyatoslav was delayed, waiting for Davyd with the Smolensk people. And so the Russian princes were late and did not catch up with the Polovtsy. The Polovtsy, having taken the city of Rimov, set off home in full, and the princes returned to their homes, grieving about their son Vladimir Glebovich, who received severe mortal wounds, and about the Christians taken into the full filthy.

And behold, God, executing us sins for our sakes, brought the filthy things on us, not like merciful to them, but executing us and turning us to repentance, so that they would reel us from our evil deeds. And this is to execute us by finding filthy ones, but some resigned remember from the evil path.

This is how God, executing us for our sins, brought filthy people against us not to please them, but punishing us and calling us to repentance so that we would renounce our bad deeds. And he punishes us with raids of filthy ones, so that, having humbled ourselves, we come to our senses and leave our pernicious path.

And the friends of the Polovtsy went on the other side to Putivl. Kza at ... heavy forces and having fought their volosts and burned them down. Pozhgosha and jail at Putivl and returned home.

And other Polovtsians moved along the other side of the Sula to Putivl. Gza with a large army ravaged his neighborhood and burned the village. They burned the Polovtsy and the prison near Putivl and returned home.

Igor Svyatoslavlich that year was in Polovtseh, and he said: “According to my property, I have received victory from your command, Lord God, and not trashy insolence, break off the strength of your servants. It’s not a pity for me to accept the necessary everything for my malice, I also accepted it.” Polovtsi, as if ashamed of his hostility, and do not do anything to him, but assign watchmen 15 from their sons to him, and five of the masters, then all of them 20, but let him have his will: where you want, go and catch it with a hawk, and catch your servants 5 and 6 with him ѣzdyashet. The watchman, however, listen to him and honor him, and where to please someone - the demon hides what he is commanded to do. But the priest byashet brought from Russia to him with a holy service, not to see God's providence, but to be created there and be long. But the Lord also deliver me for the prayer of the peasants, whom I will grieve and shed my own tears for him.

Igor Svyatoslavich at that time was with the Polovtsy, and he constantly said: “I deserved to be defeated by my deeds and by your will, my Lord, my Lord, and not the valor of the filthy ones broke the strength of your servants. I am not worth pity, for for my atrocities I doomed myself to misfortunes, which I experienced. The Polovtsy, as if ashamed of his valor, did him no harm, but assigned to him fifteen guards from among their fellow tribesmen and five sons of eminent people, and there were twenty in all, but they did not limit his freedom: wherever he wanted, he went there with a hawk hunted, and five or six of his servants also went with him. Those guards obeyed and honored him, and if he sent someone somewhere, they unquestioningly fulfilled his desires. And he brought the priest from Russia to himself for the holy service, not yet knowing the Divine Providence, but hoping that he would stay there for a long time. However, the Lord delivered him through the prayers of the Christians, for many grieved over him and shed tears.

The future is for him in the Polovtsi, there ... a husband has arrived, a native of the Polovtsy, named Lavor. And he will accept the thought of goodness and say: "I will go with you to Russia." Igor, at first, didn’t name him faith, but holding the thought high of his humility, think more, eat a husband, and run to Russia, say more: “I didn’t run away from the squad then, and now I don’t drink imam in an inglorious way.” With him, for the son of a thousand, and his horseman, and that nudyasta and saying: “Go, prince, to earth Russian, more will rejoice God - deliver you. And do not please him, the time is such, what to look for. But as if before, after returning from Pereyaslavl, the Polovtsi, and rekosh Igor’s thoughts: “You have a lofty thought and not pleasing to the Lord in yourself: you are looking for a husband and run away with him, but you won’t guess about seven things, or the Polovtsy will come from the war, and behold, I hear, beat them to the prince and you and all of Russia. May there be no glory to you, no belly. Prince Igor, however, accepts their light in his heart, being pleased with their arrival, and fleeing the cart.

When he was with the Polovtsy, a certain husband was found there, a Polovtsy by the name of Lavr. And a good thought came to him, and he said to Igor: “I will go with you to Russia.” Igor, at first, did not believe him, besides, he cherished a bold hope, as is typical of youth, plotting to flee to Russia with his husbands, and said: “I, fearing dishonor, did not leave my squad then, and now I cannot run inglorious way." With Igor were the son of a thousand and his equestrian, and they convinced the prince, saying: "Run, prince, to the Russian land, if it is God's will, you will be saved." But still there was no convenient time, which he was waiting for. However, as we said before, the Polovtsy returned from near Pereyaslavl, and his advisers told Igor: “Your daring plan is not pleasing to God: you are looking for an opportunity to run away with your husbands, but why don’t you think about it: the Polovtsy will come from the campaign , and, as we heard, they are going to kill you, prince, and your husbands, and all Russians. And there will be no glory for you, no life itself. Sunk to Prince Igor in the heart of their advice; Frightened by the return of the Polovtsians, he decided to flee.

It is not possible for him to run away day and night, even as a watchman to guard him, but only such a time will you find at sunset. And Igor sent his equestrian to Lavrov, the river to him: “Move to the side of the Torah with a leash horse,” for he was shining with Lavr to run to Russia. At the same time, the Polovtsi got drunk on koumiss. And even at evening the equestrian would come and tell his prince Igor, as if Lavor was waiting for him. Now, standing up, terrifying and trembling, and bow to the image of God and the honest cross, saying: “Lord, heart-seeing! Save me, Lord, you are unworthy!” And take up the cross and the icon, and raise the wall, and climb out, the watchman is playing and having fun, and the prince is sleeping. This one, having come to the river, and crossed over, and everything on a horse, and so it was right through the vezha.

But it was impossible for him to run either day or night, because the guards were guarding him, but it seemed to him the most convenient time at sunset. And Igor sent his equerry to Lavr, ordering him to convey: “Move to the other side of the Tor with a leash horse,” for he decided to flee with Lavr to Russia. The Polovtsians at that time got drunk on koumiss. When it began to get dark, the groom came and reported to his prince Igor that Laurus was waiting for him. Igor stood up in fear and confusion, bowed to the image of God and the honest cross, saying: “Lord, who reads in the hearts! Oh, if you would save me, Lord, unworthy!” And, taking with him a cross and an icon, he raised the wall of the tent and climbed out of it, while the guards, meanwhile, amused themselves and had fun, thinking that the prince was sleeping. He, having approached the river, crossed to the other side, mounted a horse, and so they rode with Laurus through the veins.

Behold, the Lord has created deliverance at five o'clock in the evening. And you go 11 days to the city of Dontsya, and from there you go to your Novgorod, and rejoiced at him. From Novgorod go to brother Yaroslav to Chernigov, asking for help in the Family. Yaroslav rejoiced at him and help him ... promised. Igor, from there, went to Kiev, to the Grand Duke Svyatoslav, and Svyatoslav would be glad to him, as well as Rurik, his matchmaker.

The Lord brought deliverance to him on Friday evening. And Igor walked on foot to the city of Donets for eleven days, and from there to his Novgorod, and everyone rejoiced at him. From Novgorod he went to his brother Yaroslav in Chernigov, asking him to help him in the defense of the Family. Yaroslav was delighted with Igor and promised help. From there Igor went to Kyiv, to the Grand Duke Svyatoslav, and Svyatoslav was glad to Igor, as well as Rurik, his matchmaker.

FROM THE LAVRENTEVSKAYA CHRONICLE

FROM THE LAVRENTEVSKAYA CHRONICLE

In the same summer, God put ... in the heart of the Russian prince; For the princes of Russia all go to the Polovtsi: Svyatoslav Vsevolodich, Rurik Rostislavich, Volodimer Glѣbovich, Svyatoslavich Gleb, Gyurgevitch Glѣb Turovsky, Romanovich Mstislav, Davydovich Izyaslav, Vsevolod Mstislavich and Galich help both Volodimer and Luch. And poidosha to them all together, and, having crossed the Ugol River, searched for them for 5 days. Volodimer Glebovich, the grandson of Yurgev, rode in front of the watchmen from Pereyaslavtsi, and Berendev had taken off him 2000 and 100.

That summer, God put a thought into the hearts of Russian princes - all Russian princes went to the Polovtsy: Svyatoslav Vsevolodich, Rurik Rostislavich, Vladimir Glebovich, Gleb Svyatoslavich, Gleb Yuryevich Turovsky, Mstislav Romanovich, Izyaslav Davydovich, Vsevolod Mstislavich and help from Galich, Vladimir and Luchsk . And they all went together to the Polovtsy, and crossed the river Ugol, and searched for them for five days. Vladimir Glebovich, the grandson of Yuri, rode ahead in the sentry regiment with the Pereyaslavites, and there were two thousand one hundred Berendeys with him.

The Polovtsi, having heard Russia, came to them, for the sake of a bull, hoping for strength, saying: “Behold God, there are Russian princes in the distance and their regiments in our hands.” Rushing to battle, not leading the verb, as if: "There is no courage, there are no thoughts against God." Poidosha against Volodimer, crying, as if to devour at will. Volodimer, with the help of God, and the holy Mother of God and his grandfather holy we strengthen our father with prayer, go against them. Asked byashe from Svyatoslav, river: “My volost is empty of Polovtsy; Let me go, Father Svyatoslav, ahead of the watch.” The princes of Russia did not drag down the badge with Volodimer. The Polovtsi, having seen the regiment Volodymyr, marched strongly against them, running away persecuted by the wrath of God and the Holy Mother of God.

The Polovtsians, having heard that the Russians had come to them, rejoiced, hoping for their strength, and said: “Behold, God has given the Russian princes and their regiments into our hands.” They rushed into the battle, not knowing what it says: "Courage and intent are in vain if God resists." They went against Vladimir, with clicks, as if they wanted to devour him. And Vladimir, with the help of God and the Holy Mother of God and strengthened by the prayer of his grandfather and his father, went to meet them. He begged Svyatoslav, saying: "My volost is devastated by the Polovtsy, let me go, my father Svyatoslav, with an advanced guard regiment." And the Russian princes did not keep up with Vladimir. The Polovtsians, seeing the regiment of Vladimir, bravely marching on them, ran, driven by the wrath of God and the Holy Mother of God.

Our flocks, sekushe I, 7 thousand hands took them out, there were only one princes Polovtsian 400 and 17: Kobyak by the hands of Yash, Osoluk, Barak, Targ, Danil, Bashkart, Tarsuk, Izu, Gleb Tiryevich, Eksna, Alak and Tolgyi, Davydovich's father-in-law, with his son, Tetiya with his son, Kobyakov's tsti Turundai. And God and the Holy Mother of God help Volodimer of the month July on the 31st day on Monday, in memory of St. Evdokim Novago.

Ours drove them, and cut them down, and took seven thousand in full, there were four hundred and seventeen Polovtsian princes alone, and they seized Kobyak, Osoluk, Barak, Targ, Danila, Bashkort, Tarsuk, Iza, Gleb Tirievich, Eksna, Alak and Tolgyi, father-in-law Davydov, with his son, Tetiya with his son, Kobyakov's father-in-law Turundai. And God and the Holy Mother of God helped Vladimir in the month of July on the thirty-first day, on Monday, on the feast day of St. Evdokim the New.

Having given the Lord salvation, our prince is great and howl them over our enemies, flee the former foreigner ... kuman, more Polovtsi. And Volodimer said: “This day, which the Lord has created, let us rejoice and rejoice in it, as the Lord has delivered us from our enemies and subdue our enemies under our feet, and crush the heads of the serpent.” And the joy was great: the squad was filled and the convicts led, they got weapons and a horse, and returned home, glorifying God and the Holy Mother of God, an ambulance to the Khrestyansk family.

The Lord granted a great victory to our princes and their soldiers over our enemies, the foreigners of the Cumans, or Polovtsy, were defeated. And Vladimir said: “On this day, given to us by the Lord, let us rejoice and rejoice, for the Lord delivered us from our enemies and threw our enemies under our feet, and crushed the heads of the serpent.” And there was great joy: the squad was enriched with captives, and the convicts were taken, they got weapons and horses, and returned home, glorifying God and the Holy Mother of God, an ambulance to help the Christian family.

In summer 6694. The month of May, on the 1st day, in memory of the holy prophet Jeremiah, on Wednesday at vespers there would be a sign in the sun, and it would be morbid, as if you could see the stars with a man, with your eyes, as if it were green, and in the sun you would become like a month, from its horn like coal hotter. It would be terrible to see the sign of God on a man.

In the year 6694 (1186). On the first day of the month of May, on the day of remembrance of the holy prophet Jeremiah, on Wednesday, in the evening, there was a sign in the sun, and it got so dark that people could see the stars, and everything turned green in their eyes, and the sun turned into a month, and his horns are like burning coals. It was terrible to see people the sign of God.

In the same summer, the same month of May, on the 18th day, in memory of the holy martyr Potapya, on Saturday, a son was born to the Grand Duke Vsevolod and called his name in holy baptism Kostyantin.

In the same year, of the same month, on the eighteenth day, on the day of memory of the holy martyr Potapius, on Saturday, a son was born to the Grand Duke Vsevolod, and they called his name in holy baptism Konstantin.

That same summer, Olgovi’s grandchildren were sent to the Polovtsy, and then they didn’t go tom with all the princes, but they themselves went about themselves, saying: “We are not princes, are we? We will get our own praise!” And Igor took pictures at Pereyaslavl with two sons from Novgorod Seversky, from Trubcha Vsevolod, brother him, Olgovich Svyatoslav from Rylsk and Chernigov help. And entered into their land. Polovtsi, having heard, poidoshia, saying: “Our brothers are beaten and our fathers, and take away friends, but now they are not coming at us.” After sending out all over their land, and going to them themselves, and waiting for their squad, and go to them, to their vestments. They are not trifles in the vezha, their meanness, and the squads do not wait and give up. And the former Polovtsy ran away, and the bisha and the vezh, the multitude was full of taking, wives and children, and standing on the vines for 3 days having fun, and saying: “Our brothers went with Svyatoslav, the Grand Duke, and fought with them, in vain to Pereyaslavl, and they themselves came to them, but they did not dare to follow them into their land. But we are in their lands, and we beat ourselves, and their wives were captive, and we have children. But we won’t go after them beyond the Don and beat them to the end. Ozhen we will have that victory, we will go along them and the bow of the sea, where our grandfathers have not walked, but we will take our glory and honor to the end. And not the leader of God's building.

In the same year, Olgova’s grandchildren decided to go against the Polovtsy, since they didn’t go with all the princes last year, but they went on their own, saying: “Well, aren’t we princes? We will get the same glory for ourselves! And Igor met at Pereyaslavl with his two sons from Novgorod-Seversky, his brother Vsevolod from Trubchevsk, Svyatoslav Olgovich from Rylsk and those who came to their aid from Chernigov. And they entered the land of the Polovtsians. The same, having heard, went towards, saying: "Our brethren are killed and our fathers, and others are in captivity, and now they are coming at us." They sent a message throughout all their land, but they themselves went to meet and waited for their troops, and ours go to them, to their gates. The Polovtsy met them, not letting them near the vezhs, and, without waiting for the rest of the troops, converged in battle. And the Polovtsy were defeated, and they drove them to the vezh, and the Russians took full - wives and children, and stood for three days in their vezhs, having fun and saying: “Our brethren went with Svyatoslav, the Grand Duke, and fought with the Polovtsy in full view of Pereyaslavl , they themselves came to them, but did not dare to follow them to the Polovtsian land. And we are in their land, and we ourselves have been killed, and their wives are captive, and their children are with us. And now let's follow them behind the Don and kill them all without a trace. If we win here too, then we will follow them to the Lukomorye, where our grandfathers did not go, and we will take all our glory and honor to the end. But they didn't know about God's plan.

And the rest of the beaten ones fled to their retinue, where they sent the news before, and told them their death. They, having heard, went to them, and in friends sent. And the archers took off with them, and the archers fought for 3 days, but they didn’t take off their spears, and the squads were waiting, but they didn’t let them go to the water.

And the remnants of the defeated Polovtsians fled to their army, where they had previously sent the message, and told them about their defeat. The same, having heard, came to their aid and sent for others. And the archers met with the Russians, and the archers fought for three days, but in a spear battle they did not converge, waiting for their squad, but they did not allow them to approach the water.

And the whole squad was attached to them, a lot of them. Ours, seeing them, was horrified, and the magnificence of their fall, not leading the verb of the prophet: "There is no wisdom for a man, there is no courage, there is no thought against the Lord." The horses themselves, in the heat and in the ace, were exhausted for fear of the lack of water, and having done little to the water, for 3 days they did not let them hit the water. Seeing the army, rushing to it, and pressing it down to the water, and fighting with them firmly and quickly slaughtering evil. Friends of the horse deserted to them sat down, and the horses were exhausted under them, and our fleeing was the wrath of God. The princes seized all the bysh, and the boyars and the nobles and the whole squad were beaten, and the other was seized and that ulcer. And returning with the victory of the great Polovtsi, and about ours there was no one who brought the news for our sin.

And the whole army came up to them, innumerable multitudes. Ours, seeing them, were horrified and forgot about their boasting, for they did not know what the prophet said: “Wisdom, and courage, and plan are in vain for a man, if God resists.” Exhausted from lack of water, the horses themselves, in heat and torment, finally made their way to the water, otherwise they did not let them near the water for three days. Seeing this, the enemies rushed at them, and pressed them to the water, and fiercely fought with them, and the battle was fierce. The Polovtsy changed their horses, but our horses were exhausted, and ours were defeated by the wrath of God. They took all the princes prisoner, and from the boyars and nobles and the entire squad, whoever was killed, others were taken prisoner or wounded. And they returned with the victory of the great Polovtsy, but it is not known who brought the news about ours, but all for our sins.

Where there was joy in us - but sighing and crying spread! Isaiah was a prophet to say: “Lord, in sorrow I remember you,” and so on.

Where is our joy - now sighs and weeping are everywhere! Isaiah the prophet says: “Lord, in sorrow I remembered you,” and so on.

And poide the way is the guest, they are Kazakh, saying: “Go after your brothers, or we go after your brothers to you.” The prince, having heard such a death about his brother and to the boyars, wrote down everything, and there was crying and groaning: the brothers were beaten and confiscated, and the other fathers and neighbors. And Prince Svyatoslav sent an ambassador after his sons and after all the princes. And Mr. Kiev gathered to him and spoke to Mr. Kanev. Polovtsi, having heard the whole Russian land coming, running for the Don. Svyatoslav, hearing them fleeing, returned to Kiev with all the princes, and dispersed to his own countries.

The merchant was walking on his way, and the Polovtsy ordered him to convey: "Follow your brothers, or we follow our brothers to you." The princes, having heard about such a misfortune with their brethren and with the boyars, groaned everything, and everywhere there was weeping and sobbing: some brothers died or were captured, others had fathers or relatives. And Prince Svyatoslav sent for his sons and for all the princes. And they gathered to him in Kyiv, and came out to Kanev. The Polovtsians, having heard that the whole Russian land was going against them, fled for the Don. Svyatoslav, having learned that they had fled, returned with all the princes to Kiev, and they all dispersed to their lands.

The Polovtsi, having heard them who had departed, drove off to Pereyaslavl, and taking all the cities along the Sul, and stayed at Pereyaslavl all day. Volodimer Glebovich, as we see the jail, went out of the city to them in a small squad, and ran to them, and fought with them firmly, and outraged the prince of evil. And seeing the townspeople exhausting of his own and rushing out of the city and bishas, ​​one of the princes wasted, butted with three spears. And the squads were beaten up a lot. And ran into the city and shut up. And they returned with many loads in the vezh.

And the Polovtsians, having heard that they had retreated, suddenly attacked Pereyaslavl, and took all the cities along the Sula, and they fought at Pereyaslavl all day. Vladimir Glebovich, seeing that they were about to capture the prison, left the city with a small retinue, and attacked them, and boldly fought with them, they, unfortunately, surrounded the prince. But the townspeople, seeing that their own were exhausted in battle, jumped out of the city and in battle barely took the prince, wounded by three spears. And many of his squad died. And they hurried to the city, and shut themselves up in it. And the Polovtsy returned with a large crowd in the towers.

And in small days, Igor, the prince, ran away from the Polovtsy - the Lord would not leave the righteous in the hand of a sinner: the eyes of the Lord are on those who fear him, and his ears are in their prayer! For persecuting him and not finding it, like Saul chase David, but God deliver and, so God deliver this one from the hand of the filthy. And they all hold the beahu firmly, and stregomi, and are confirmed by many glands and executions.

Soon Igor fled from the Polovtsy - for the Lord will not leave the righteous in the hands of sinners: the Lord looks at those who fear him, and listens to their prayers! They chased after him and did not catch up; just as Saul pursued David, but God delivered him, so God delivered Igor from the hands of the filthy Polovtsians. And the rest were kept strictly and guarded, threatening with chains and torment.

Behold ... sin is here for our sakes, for our sins and iniquities are multiplied. God for the execution of his servants with various misfortunes, fire and water and the army, and various other executions, Christians for by many misfortunes enter into the kingdom of heaven. If you have sinned - execute Esma, as if you were a created, taco and priyah, but our Lord seems good to us, but no one can say that God hates us - do not be like that! Taco to love, as if we were in love, and passion, for our sake, let us get rid of hostility.

All this happened because of our sins, because our sins and transgressions have multiplied. After all, God executes his slaves with various misfortunes, and fire, and water, and war, and various other misfortunes; Christians who have endured much will be destined to enter the kingdom of heaven. They sinned and were punished, as they did, for which they received it, but our Lord punishes us justly, and let no one dare to say that God hates us - this will not happen! He loves us as much as he loved us when he accepted us for the sake of torment, in order to save us from the devil.

...Ismalites...- Β Ancient Russia nomads of the East were called "Agarians" or "Ishmaelites"; it was believed that they come from the biblical character - Ishmael, the son of Abraham and his Egyptian concubine Hagar.

...to Dmitrov- To a city in the Principality of Pereyaslavl, south of Putivl.

... Konchakom ...- Konchak is the son of Otrok, the grandson of Sharukan, one of the most influential Polovtsian khans.

... Svyatoslav Vsevolodich, guessing with his matchmaker Rurik ...- Svyatoslav (d. in 1194) and Rurik Rostislavich (d. in 1212 (?)) from 1180 were princes-co-rulers of the Kiev land; however, the "Word of Igor's Campaign" calls Svyatoslav the Grand Duke of Kiev.

...at Olzhich- a village located at the confluence of the Desna into the Dnieper.

...waiting for Yaroslav- Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, Prince of Chernigov (died in 1198), brother of Svyatoslav of Kiev.

... Volodymyr Glebovich- Prince of Pereyaslav (died in 1187) The Principality of Pereyaslav was located on the left bank of the Dnieper, southeast of the Kiev land; the center of the principality was the city of Pereyaslavl-Yuzhny (now Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky).

...to Igorevi- To Igor Svyatoslavich, Prince of Novgorod-Seversky (died in 1202), the hero of the "Word for Igor's Campaign".

...to the Seversk cities- the city of Seversk land (now it is the territory of the Chernihiv and Sumy regions), the inheritance of Igor Svyatoslavich.

... Olga, her son Svyatoslav ...- Oleg Svyatoslavich, son of Svyatoslav of Kiev (died in 1204), and Svyatoslav Olgovich of Rylsky, Igor's nephew.

... his brother Vsevolod- Vsevolod Svyatoslavich, Prince of Trubchevsk and Kursk (died in 1196); The Word calls him Bui Tur Vsevolod.

...from the black hood...- Black hoods - the collective name of the tribal association (torks, berendeys and other Turkic tribes); being vassals of the Russian princes, the black hoods participated in their wars with the Polovtsians.

...to Khyria- κ Khorol, the right tributary of the river Psel.

... go over the ropes ...- that is, with tents, wagons, property.

... from Galich from Yaroslav ...- From Yaroslav Vladimirovich, Prince of Galicia (died in 1187), father-in-law of Igor Svyatoslavich ("Yaroslav Osmomysl").

...to brothers... — Here, as in the "Word of Igor's Campaign", "brothers" are actually brothers and, more broadly, comrades-in-arms. .

... beyond Merlom - beyond the Merla, a tributary of the Worksla .

... Volodimer Yaroslavich Galichsky, shyurin Igorev ... - Igor was married to his sister, daughter of Yaroslav Osmomysl .

... to Volodymyr and the Romanovs ... to Vsevolod, take your own.— The exile visits Vladimir-Volynsky, Dorogobuzh (on the Goryn River, southeast of the city of Rovno), Turov (on Pripyat), Smolensk and, finally, Suzdal, where Vsevolod, the brother of his mother Olga, reigned .

... his son, Rurikov's son-in-law, Svyatoslav. — Svyatoslav Igorevich in 1187 married Yaroslav, daughter of Rurik Rostislavich .

In the summer of 6692. — Before these words, the chronicle narrates about the fire in the city of Grodno and about the consecration of the church of Vasily in Kyiv. We omit this fragment .

... a bezurmenin, who shoots fire alive. —"Besurmenin" is a Muslim. “Live fire” the chronicler calls some kind of military device (catapult?) for throwing vessels with an incendiary mixture .

... vryadshya in a heap ...— Navorop called detachments sent ahead of the main forces for reconnaissance and a surprise attack on the enemy. .

... mobs. — Vataga - the location of the troops and the army itself or its detachment .

In the summer of 6693. —Β Ancient Russia year began on March 1; therefore, the events of February 6692 and March 6693 take place, in terms of our chronology, in the spring of 1185 .

And the seren is great, as if the howls cannot be seen through the day until the evening ... -"Seren" - crust, melted snow; according to V. I. Dal, “he cuts the horse and bleeds the brushes, the cavalry does not move”; "visible to cross" - to go the distance that can be looked over . .

...come to Oskol... — left tributary of the Seversky Donets .

... to Salnitsa. — Salnitsa - a small river, the left tributary of the Seversky Donets, flowing through the territory where the city of Izyum is now located .

... on the other side of the Syuurliya river. — According to H. B. Sibileva, M. Φ. Getmantsa and others, Syuurliy is the river Golaya Dolina, which flows near the city of Slavyansk (Donetsk region) .

... and who will go tomorrow morning ... how are we, God willing. — The phrase is not clear enough; the translation reflects one of its possible interpretations: only the “best horsemen” from the Polovtsian (and not Russian) troops will be able to catch up with the Russian regiments that left during the night and cross after them (through the Donets?) .

... Konchak, and Koza Burnovich ... and Tertrobich. — In addition to Konchak and Gzak (Gza), other Polovtsian clans (hordes) or their leaders are listed .

... on the river Kayala. — There is a large literature on the location of this river. Some researchers believe that "Kayala" is a metaphorical name for the river of "sorrow", from the verb "kayati" (see: Dictionary-reference book "Words to Igor's Campaign", issue 2. L .. 1967, pp. 179-180) . We join those researchers who consider the name Kayala (Kayaly) to be a Turkic hydronym and are looking for it in the area of ​​the city of Slavyansk, identifying, for example, with the Makatikha River, a tributary of the Golaya Dolina River, which flows into the Dry Butt River .

... took on the shield the city of Glebov near Pereyaslavl. —Ο the defeat of Glebov is mentioned only in Igor's repentant speech; it can be assumed that this was revenge for the ruin of the cities of Seversk land by Vladimir Pereyaslavsky. What kind of city Glebov is is not clear: the chronicle mentions the city of Glebov in the upper reaches of the Sula, but it is far from Pereyaslavl .

... according to the matchmaker Igor ... - It is not necessary to think that Konchak's daughter and Igor's son were already engaged by this time: it is possible that the chronicler is simply ahead of events; at the time when the chronicle was being compiled, the prince and khan really became matchmakers - Vladimir was married to Konchak's daughter after returning from captivity in 1187 .

... and others in the sea is a mass.— It is unlikely that the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov is meant, as some researchers believe; most likely we are talking about some large lake in the area of ​​​​the battle (see above: “And byahu bosya, going in a circle near the lake”) .

...from the Upper Lands... — Upper lands - the region of the upper reaches of the Dnieper; here we mean Bryansk .

Family - land along the banks of the Seim, the left tributary of the Desna .

... at Trepol - cities on the Dnieper, south of Kyiv (now Tripoli) .

... Bonyak ... - The Polovtsian khans Bonyak and Sharukan were defeated in 1107 by the combined forces of the Russian princes - Svyatopolk Izyaslavich of Kyiv, Vladimir Monomakh, Oleg Svyatoslavich and others .

... to Rimovi - the city of Rimov in the Principality of Pereyaslavl .

... climbing on the fence ... two city women fly ... - On top of the earthen defensive rampart (or fortress wall) that surrounded the ancient Russian cities, covered galleries were built, protected from the outside by a wooden parapet - fences; the defenders of the fortress fired back from the besiegers. Gorodnitsa - a tower or part of a city wall .

... the princes returned ... captive from the filthy. — The phrase is corrupted, perhaps as a result of an unfortunate merger of the two sources. Its translation is conditional .

Byashet brought the priest ... with a holy service ... - Translation is conjectural: perhaps with items necessary for worship .

Lavor. —Β "Word ο Igor's regiment" he is called Ovlur; this form is more consistent with the etymology of the Turkic name, but it is possible that "Ovlur" is the name "Lavr" changed in the Polovtsian pronunciation .

... think more, eat a husband, and run to Russia ... (cf. also further: “you are looking for a husband and run with him ...”). — The text is unclear: Igor "thinks" to run away, but does not want to "take the inglorious way ... to drink"; the translation proceeds from a presumptive understanding of the text (V. I. Stelletsky also interprets it in his edition of “The Words of Igor's Campaign”, 1965): Igor wanted to escape not alone, but with other captives, but this hope was unrealistic (“ ... the thought is high ... of unity") .

...on the other side of Thor... — Tor - a tributary of the Seversky Donets (Kazenny Butt, or the lower course of this river from the confluence of the Dry Butt and to the mouth); on the banks of the Tor were Konchak's veins .

... the city of Dontsya - a Russian border town on the Uda River; Donets settlement is located near Kharkov .

That same summer...— Article 1185 is cited (actually - 1184) .

... Svyatoslav Vsevolodich, Rurik Rostislavich ... - Svyatoslav (d. 1194) and Rurik Rostislavich (d. 1212(?)) from 1180 were co-princes of the Kievan land; however, the "Word of Igor's Campaign" calls Svyatoslav the Grand Duke of Kiev .

Volodimer Glebovich. — prince of Pereyaslavl (died in 1187). The Pereyaslav principality was located on the left bank of the Dnieper, southeast of the Kiev land; the center of the principality was the city of Pereyaslavl-South (now Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky) . The Ipatiev Chronicle in the story ο campaign names and repeatedly mentions only one son of Igor - Vladimir. “The word ο to Igor’s regiment” in a symbolic picture (“Two suns dimmed ... with him a young month ...”) speaks of ο two princes and two princes, but at the same time naming Svyatoslav and Oleg, and not Vladimir, who undoubtedly participated in the campaign . It is unlikely that Igor took the boy Oleg with him on a long and dangerous campaign (he was born in 1174). Therefore, we can rather assume that the source of the story of the Laurentian Chronicle had inaccurate data, and in the text of the Lay we are dealing with an erroneous gloss (postscript on the margin), subsequently inserted into the text, and the speech in the Lay refers to Vladimir Igorevich and Svyatoslav Olgovich Rylsky .

...is Trubitch... from Rylsk...— Trubchevsk is a city on the Desna, in the southern part of the Bryansk region. Rylsk - a city in the west of the Kursk region .

... in vain to Pereyaslavl ... - This is probably a mocking allusion to the fact that the Russian princes did not risk going deep into the Polovtsian steppe, but fought on the borders of the Pereyaslav principality .

... let's follow them beyond the Don ... - Don, as the goal of Igor's campaign, is called in the "Word ο Igor's regiment", but the path of the Russian troops, described in the Ipatiev Chronicle, convinces that the events took place near the Seversky Donets River. However, the chronicler, apparently, ascribes to Igor the intention to reach the lower reaches of the Don and the coast of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov (Lukomorye) .

... Mr. Kanev - city ​​on the Dnieper, downstream from Kyiv .

... like Saul and chase Davyd ... - I recall an episode from the Bible (1 Samuel ch. 18-31) about the persecution of the youth David by King Saul .

The story of the Ipatiev Chronicle is especially thorough. Here it is told that on April 23, 1185, on Tuesday, Prince Igor Svyatoslavich left his city of Novgorod-Seversk, taking with him his brother Vsevolod from Trubchevsk, his nephew Svyatoslav Olgovich from Rylsk and his son Vladimir from Putivl.
They also had an auxiliary detachment of "kouev" (settled nomads), who were sent to Igor by the Chernigov prince Yaroslav. The princes set off on a campaign against the Polovtsians.
When they reached the Donets River, a solar eclipse happened. Both the boyars and the squads were embarrassed, seeing this as a bad sign. But Igor said: “We will see for ourselves whether God created it for good or for evil.” The troops crossed the Donets, approached Oskol, where Igor waited for his brother for two days; he went a different way from Kursk. From here we went to the Salnitsa River.

Here they were met by “watchmen” sent ahead in advance - scouts who reported that they had seen the Polovtsy already ready for battle, and advised the princes to return home. But the princes did not agree to this. “If we return without fighting, then shame will be worse for us than death.”

The next day, Friday, we met with the Polovtsians. The Russians lined up in six regiments, with selected shooters in front. The first skirmish with the enemies was successful for the Russians: they defeated the Polovtsy, captured prisoners and rich booty. Igor wanted to pursue enemies at night, but at the request of Svyatoslav, he agreed to spend the night on the spot in order to give rest to people and horses.

At dawn the next day, on Saturday, the Polovtsy began to advance from all sides. The fight has begun. During the battle, Igor was wounded in the arm. The fight lasted all Saturday and Sunday night. At dawn, the Chernigov horses trembled and ran. Igor rode to stop them, but achieved nothing. On the way back, Igor was captured by the Polovtsy. The battle ended in the complete defeat of the Russians. All princes were taken prisoner.

The Grand Duke of Kyiv Svyatoslav learned about Igor's campaign during his trips to prepare a campaign against the Polovtsians, which he planned to undertake in the summer. Later, he learned about the defeat of Igor. This news greatly upset the Grand Duke.

Having defeated Igor, the Polovtsy rushed to Russia. They split into two squads. Some, led by Konchak, went to the Kiev region, others, with Khan Gza - to the Family. Konchak besieged the city of Pereyaslavl, but could not take it. Then he moved away from the city and on the way back attacked the city of Rome and captured it. Gza ravaged the Putivl region, set fire to the villages and even part of the fortifications of the city, and returned to his steppes.

Further, the chronicle story tells about Igor's life in captivity and about his escape from captivity with the assistance of the Polovtsian Lavor (Ovlur). Igor safely reached his Novgorod-Seversk, from there he went first to Yaroslav of Chernigov, and from him to Kyiv, to the Grand Duke Svyatoslav.

Thus, the story tells about a certain historical event - about the campaign of the Seversk princes against the Polovtsy in 1185 and the subsequent raid of the Polovtsy on the southern principalities. Its author narrates in detail about the campaign, stopping the reader's attention on small details, trying to accurately state the entire factual side of the campaign. Quite skillfully the author builds his story, introducing into it not only a description of events, but also the speeches of Igor, Svyatoslav and other persons,

The author vividly depicts Igor's stay in captivity, preparations for flight and return to his homeland. The religiously minded author permeates his story with a church-Christian spirit. He endows Prince Igor with piety. Igor explains the victory of the Russians over the Polovtsy at the first clash with the help of God, and the defeat with God's punishment for the murders and bloodshed that he, Igor, committed in Russia.

The author of The Tale of Igor's Campaign builds his work in a different way. Igor's campaign is important to him not in itself, not as an interesting plot for the story, but as an illustrative example of what the disparate actions of individual princes lead to, who, in the pursuit of glory, forget all-Russian interests. He comprehends the reasons for the failure of Igor's campaign, taking the life of Russia for a whole century and a half - from the "old" Vladimir (Svyatoslavich) to the "present Igor".

The author of the Lay reflects on the fate of the Russian land, which is suffering from princely strife and attacks by the Polovtsians. The main thing in the Lay is not an event, not facts, but their meaning and significance for Russia. The author seeks to explain how princely feuds are detrimental to the country, how the people suffer from them, how the Polovtsy use this when attacking Russia. But the author not only explains this, but also makes him experience, re-feel the main misfortunes of his country, reflect on them, he tries to call the princes to agreement among themselves and to unity in the defense of the Russian land.

The story "The Captain's Daughter" is written in the form of memoirs of the main character - Pyotr Grinev. Petrusha's childhood was free and free, he "lived underage, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys." But upon reaching the age of sixteen, his father decides to send Peter to serve in the army. Petrusha was glad about this, because he hoped to serve in St. Petersburg, in the guards, and was sure that life there would be as easy and carefree as in his own home. The father rightly reasoned that Petersburg could only teach a young man to “wind and hang out”, so he sends his son to the general with a letter in which he asks an old friend to assign Peter to serve in a safe place and be stricter with him.

Thus, Pyotr Grinev, upset by the far from pleasing prospects for his future, ends up in the Belogorsk fortress. At first, he expected to see a “deaf fortress” on the border of the Kirghiz-Kaisak steppes: with formidable bastions, towers and ramparts. Captain Mironov, Peter imagined "a strict, angry old man who knows nothing but his service." What was Peter's astonishment when he drove up to the real Belogorsk fortress - "a village surrounded by a log fence"! Of all the formidable weapons - only an old cast-iron cannon, which serves not so much for the defense of the fortress, but for the games of the children. The commandant turns out to be an affectionate, kind old man of "tall stature", he goes out to conduct exercises dressed at home - "in a cap and in a Chinese dressing gown." No less unexpected for Peter was the sight of a brave army - the defenders of the fortress: "twenty old invalids with long braids and triangular hats", of which most could not remember where the right was and where the left was.

Quite a bit of time passed, and Grinev was already glad that fate had brought him to this “God-saved” village. The commandant and his family turned out to be nice, simple, kind and honest people, to whom Peter became attached with all his heart and became a frequent and long-awaited guest in this house. not burdened by the service, the young man was promoted to officer.

Communication with pleasant and nice people, literature studies, and in particular the love for Masha Mironova awakened in Peter's heart played an important role in shaping the character of the young officer. With readiness and determination, Pyotr Grinev stands up to defend his feelings and the good name of Masha before the vile and dishonorable Shvabrin. Shvabrin's dishonest blow at the duel brought Grinev not only a serious wound, but also Masha's attention and care. Peter's successful recovery brings young people together, and Grinev proposes to the girl, confessing his love before that. However, Masha's pride and nobility do not allow her to marry Peter without the consent and blessing of his parents. Unfortunately, Grinev's father believes that this love is just a whim of a young man, and does not give his consent to marriage.

The arrival of Pugachev with his "gang of bandits and rebels" destroyed the life of the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress. During this period, the best features and moral qualities of Pyotr Grinev are revealed. Holyly, he fulfills his father's covenant: "Take care of honor from a young age." He boldly refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev even after the commandant and many other defenders of the Belogorsk fortress were killed before his eyes. With his kindness, honesty, directness and decency, Peter managed to earn the respect and location of Pugachev himself.

It is not for himself that Peter's heart hurts during his participation in military actions. He worries about the fate of his beloved, who at first remained an orphan, then captured by the defector Shvabrin, Grinev feels that, once confessing his feelings to Masha, he took responsibility for the future of a lonely and defenseless girl.

Thus, we see how important the period he spent in the Belogorsk fortress played in the life of Pyotr Grinev. During this time, the hero managed to grow up and mature, he thought about the meaning and value of human life, and in communicating with various people, all the richness of the moral purity of the hero was revealed.

In the year 6691 (1183). On the twenty-third day of February, in the first week of Lent, the Ishmaelites, the godless Polovtsy, came to war in Russia, to Dmitrov, with the accursed Konchak and Gleb Tirievich, but by God's intercession they did not bring trouble. Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodich consulted with his matchmaker Rurik, and they went against the Polovtsy and stopped at Olzhich, waiting for Yaroslav from Chernigov. Yaroslav met them and said to them: "Now, brothers, do not go, but, having agreed on the time, if God willing, we will go to them in the summer." Svyatoslav and Rurik, having obeyed him, returned. Svyatoslav sent his sons with their regiments across the steppe to Igor, ordering him to go instead of himself, while Rurik sent Vladimir Glebovich with his regiments. And Vladimir Glebovich sent to Igor, asking him for permission to come forward with his regiment, for the Russian princes entrusted him with advanced regiments in the Russian land. But Igor did not allow him to do this. Vladimir got angry and returned. And going from there, he attacked the cities of the North and captured a lot of booty in them. Igor turned back the Kiev regiments and placed Oleg and his nephew Svyatoslav over them, so that they would bring the army without losses, and he went himself, took with him his brother Vsevolod and Vsevolod Svyatoslavich, and Andrei with Roman, and a certain number of soldiers from black hoods with Kuldur and Kuntuvdey, and they came to the river Khorol. And it was warm that night, it rained heavily, and the water rose, and they could not find a ford, and the Polovtsy, who managed to cross with their tents, were saved, and those who did not have time, they were taken prisoner; they said that during this campaign and their flight from the Russians, many tents, and horses, and cattle drowned in the Khorol River.<…>.

In the same year, God prompted Svyatoslav, Prince of Kiev, and the Grand Duke Rurik Rostislavich to go to war against the Polovtsians. And they sent to the neighboring princes, and Mstislav and Gleb Svyatoslavichs gathered to them, and Vladimir Glebovich from Pereyaslavl, Vsevolod Yaroslavich from Luchsk with his brother Mstislav, Mstislav Romanovich, Izyaslav Davidovich and Mstislav Gorodensky, Yaroslav, Prince of Pinsk, with his brother Gleb, and from Galich received help from Yaroslav, but his brothers did not come, saying: “We have a long way to go to the lower reaches of the Dnieper, we cannot leave our land without protection, but if you go through Pereyaslavl, we will meet you at Sula.” Svyatoslav, angry with his brothers, hurriedly set off on his way, prompted by divine providence; that is why his older sons did not ripen from Chernigov. He moved along the Dnieper and reached the place called Fig-ford, and then he crossed to the enemy bank of the Dnieper and searched for the Polovtsy for five days. Then he sent the younger princes in front of his regiments: he sent Vladimir Pereyaslavsky, and Gleb, and Mstislav, his son, and Mstislav Romanovich, and Gleb Yuryevich, Prince of Dubrovitsky, and Mstislav Vladimirovich, and there were two thousand one hundred Berendeys with him. And the Polovtsy, seeing Vladimir's detachment boldly advancing towards them, ran, driven by the wrath of God and the Holy Mother of God. The Russians, chasing after them, did not catch up, returned and stopped at a place called Orel, which in Russia is called the Corner.

The Polovtsian prince Kobyak, having decided that this was the whole Russian army, returned and began to pursue him. When the Polovtsy, pursuing, saw the Russian regiments, they began to exchange fire across the river and tried to get around each other, and this went on for a considerable time. Upon learning of this, Svyatoslav and Rurik sent the main forces to help them, and they themselves hastily followed. When the Polovtsy saw the regiments that came to the rescue, they decided that Svyatoslav and Rurik were with them, and immediately turned back. The Russians, having strengthened themselves with God's help, broke through their line and began to flog and capture them. And so the Lord showed His mercy to the Christians, on that day God exalted Svyatoslav and Rurik for their piety.

And then Kobyak Karlyevich was taken prisoner with his two sons, Bilyukovich Izay, and Tovly with his son, and his brother Bokmish, Osaluk, Barak, Tarkh, Danil and Sodvak Kulobichsky were also captured, and Koryaz Kalotanovich was killed here and Tarsuk, and others - without counting . God granted victory this month of July on the thirtieth day, on Monday, on the day of the memory of St. Ivan the Warrior. And the Grand Duke Svyatoslav Vsevolodich and Rurik Rostislavich, having received victory over the filthy from God, returned home with glory and great honor.

At the same time, Igor Svyatoslavich, having heard that Svyatoslav went to the Polovtsy, called his brother Vsevolod, and his nephew Svyatoslav, and his son Vladimir, and turned to his brethren and to the whole squad: “The Polovtsy opposed the Russian princes, and we, without them we will try to attack their vestments. And when they crossed over Merla, they met with the Polovtsians - Obovly Kostukovich rode with four hundred soldiers to fight in Russia, and then they rushed towards them on horseback. The Polovtsy, by the command of God, took to flight, and the Russians chased after them, and defeated them here, and returned home.

At the same time, Vladimir Yaroslavich of Galitsky, Igorev's brother-in-law, was with Igor, as he was expelled from Galich by his father. That Vladimir first of all went to Vladimir to Roman, but Roman, fearing his father, did not allow him to settle in his place. From there he went to Ingvar in Dorogobuzh, and he, out of fear of his father, did not accept Vladimir. And from there he went to Turov, to Svyatopolk, and he also did not let him in, to Davyd in Smolensk - and Davyd did not let him in, to Suzdal to Vsevolod, his uncle. But even there, Vladimir Galitsky did not find peace and came to Putivl, to his son-in-law Igor Svyatoslavich. The same met him cordially and with great honor and kept him for two years, and in the third year he reconciled him with his father and sent with him his son, Rurikov's son-in-law, Svyatoslav.<...>

In the year 6692 (1184). The accursed and godless and thrice-damned Konchak moved with countless Polovtsian regiments to Russia, hoping to capture and set Russian cities on fire, for he found a certain Basurman man who shot with living fire. They also had crossbows, barely fifty people could draw a bowstring from them. But the all-merciful Lord God opposes the proud and destroys their intrigues. Konchak, having arrived, stood on Khorol and sent with cunning to Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, offering him peace. Yaroslav, not suspecting deceit, sent his husband Olstin Oleksich to the Polovtsians. And Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich sent to Yaroslav, telling him: "My brother, do not trust them and do not send your husband, I am going to war against them." Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich and Rurik Rostislavich with all their regiments immediately moved to the Polovtsy. Rurik and Svyatoslav sent Vladimir Glebovich to the advanced regiment and Mstislav Romanovich with him, while Rurik and Svyatoslav themselves followed them. When they were on the way, they met merchants who were walking towards them from the Polovtsian land, and said that the Polovtsy were standing on Khorol. Svyatoslav and Rurik, having heard about this, were delighted and went there. And Vladimir and Mstislav, having learned about this, came to the place indicated by the merchants. But when they came to where the Polovtsy stood, they did not see anyone, for they moved to another place on the banks of the Khorol. The advanced regiment, having crossed the Khorol, climbed the hill in order to spot the enemy from there. And Konchak stood in the valley. And those riding on the hills passed him, and the other Polovtsian regiments saw and attacked them. Konchak, behind their backs, fled to the other side of the road, and only his concubine was captured and that infidel who had a living fire. And they brought him to Svyatoslav with all the equipment, and their other soldiers, who were killed and who were taken prisoner, with horses and with a variety of all kinds of weapons.

In the year 6693 (1185). The Lord granted deliverance - he gave victory to the Russian princes, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich and the Grand Duke Rurik Rostislavich, on the first day of March. Having learned about the flight of Kopchak, they sent Kuntugdy after him with six thousand soldiers. But he, pursuing, could not catch up with him, for the thaw behind Khorol prevented him. Svyatoslav and the Grand Duke Rurik won through the prayers of the holy martyrs Boris and Gleb and each went home, glorifying God in the trinity - father and son and the holy spirit.

And Prince Yaroslav of Chernigov did not go with his brother Svyatoslav, saying this: “I sent my husband Olstin Oleksich to the Polovtsians and I cannot go to war against my husband”; this justified himself before his brother Svyatoslav. Igor answered Svyatoslav's husband: "God forbid we refuse to go against the filthy ones: the filthy ones are our common enemy!" Then Igor began to confer with the retinue: which way to go in order to connect with the regiments of Svyatoslav. The squad answered him: “Our prince, you won’t be able to fly over like a bird: here your husband came to you from Svyatoslav on Thursday, and he himself goes from Kyiv on Sunday, then how can you, prince, catch up with him?” Igor did not like these words of the squad, he wanted to go straight across the steppe, along the banks of the Sula. But there was a mudslide, so that the army could not overcome the fields from edge to edge in a whole day, so Igor could not come out with Svyatoslav.

And in the same spring, Prince Svyatoslav sent Roman Nezdilovich with Berendei to the filthy Polovtsians. With God's help, they captured the Polovtsian towers, many prisoners and horses, on the twenty-first of April, on the Greatest Day. At that time, Prince Svyatoslav went on his own business to the land of the Vyatichi, to Korachev.

Meanwhile, Igor Svyatoslavich, the grandson of the Olegs, left Novgorod on the twenty-third day of April, on Tuesday, calling with him his brother Vsevolod from Trubchevsk, and Svyatoslav Olgovich, his nephew, from Rylsk, and Vladimir, his son, from Putivl. And he asked Yaroslav for help Olstin Oleksich, Prokhorov's grandson, with Chernigov forgings. And so they moved slowly, on well-fed horses, gathering their army. When they approached the Donets River in the evening, Igor, looking at the sky, saw that the sun was standing like a month. And he said to his boyars and his retinue: “You see? What does this sign mean? They all looked, and saw, and lowered their heads, and the men said: “Our prince! This sign does not bode well for us!” Igor answered: “Brothers and squad! No one knows the secrets of the divine, and God creates a sign, like his whole world. And what God will give us - for good or for sorrow to us - we will see.

And, having said this, he crossed the Donets, and came to Oskol, and waited there for two days for his brother Vsevolod: he went the other way from Kursk. And from there they came to Salnitsa. Here scouts came to them, who were sent to catch their tongues, and they said, having arrived: “We saw enemies, your enemies are driving in all weapons, so either go without delay, or we will return home: now is not a good time for us.” Igor turned to his brethren: “If we have to return without a fight, then shame on us will be worse than death; So

it will be as God wills it for us." And, having decided so, they rode all night.

The next morning, on Friday, at lunchtime, they met with the Polovtsian regiments; the Polovtsy had time to prepare: they sent their veils back, and themselves, having gathered from young to old, stood on the opposite bank of the Syuurliy River. And ours lined up in six regiments: Igor's regiment in the middle, and on the right hand - the regiment of his brother Vsevolod, on the left - Svyatoslav, his nephew, in front of these regiments - the regiment of his son Vladimir and another regiment, Yaroslavov, - kovui with Olstin, and the third regiment in front - arrows collected from all the princes. And so they built their regiments. And Igor turned to his brethren: “Brothers! This is what we were looking for, so let’s dare!” And they moved on the Polovtsians, placing their hopes on God. And when they approached the river Syuurliyu, then the arrows left the Polovtsian regiments and, firing an arrow at the Russians, galloped away. The Russians had not yet managed to cross the Syuurliy River, when those Polovtsian regiments that were standing at a distance beyond the river turned to flight.

Svyatoslav Olgovich, and Vladimir Igorevich, and Olstin with fore-shooters rushed to pursue them, while Igor and Vsevolod moved slowly, keeping the order of their regiments. The advanced regiments of the Russians beat the Polovtsians and seized prisoners. The Polovtsy ran through their vezha, and the Russians, having reached the vezha, captured a large full there. Some with captured prisoners only returned to their regiments at night. And when all the regiments gathered, Igor turned to his brethren and to his husbands: “Here is God, by his power, doomed our enemies to defeat, and gave us honor and glory. But we see countless Polovtsian regiments - almost all Polovtsians have gathered here. So let’s go now, at night, and whoever starts chasing us in the morning, will everyone be able to: only the best of the Polovtsian horsemen will cross, and to ourselves - as God wills. But Svyatoslav Olgovich said to his uncles: “I chased the Polovtsy far away, and my horses were exhausted; If I go now, I will fall behind on the road. Vsevolod agreed with him and offered to spend the night here. And Igor said: “No wonder, brothers, having thought everything over, we will accept death.” And they spent the night in that place.

When the dawn of the Sabbath day dawned, the Polovtsian regiments began to approach, like a forest. And the Russian princes did not know which of them to go against whom - there were so many Polovtsians. And Igor said: “I think that we have collected all the Polovtsian land for ourselves - Konchak, and Koza Burnovich, and Toksobich, Kolobich, and Etebich, and Tertrobich.” And then, having consulted, everyone dismounted, deciding, fighting, to reach the Donets River, for they said: “If we ride, we will be saved ourselves, and we will leave ordinary people, and this will be a sin before God: betraying them, we will leave. But we will either die, or we will all stay alive together.” And having said this, they dismounted from their horses and advanced with a fight. Then, by God's will, Igor was wounded in the arm, and his left arm became dead. And all in his regiment were saddened: they had a governor, and they wounded him before the others. And so they fought fiercely all day until evening, and many were wounded and killed in the Russian regiments.

And when the Sabbath night came, they still went on fighting. At dawn, on Sunday, the Kovui broke out of obedience and turned to flight. Igor, at that time, was on horseback, as he was wounded, and hurried to them, trying to return them to the rest of the regiments. But noticing that he was too far away from his own, he took off his helmet and galloped back to his regiment, for the fleeing princes had already recognized and had to return. But no one returned, only Mikhalko Yuryevich, recognizing the prince, returned. And none of the boyars fled with the kovuis, only a small number of ordinary soldiers and some of the boyar warriors, and all the boyars fought on foot, and among them Vsevolod, who showed a lot of courage. When Igor had already approached his regiments, the Polovtsians, rushing to cross him, captured him at a distance of one shooting from his soldiers. And already captured, Igor saw his brother Vsevolod, fiercely fighting, and he prayed to the god of death, so as not to see the death of his brother. Vsevolod fought so furiously that he did not have enough weapons. And they fought, going around the lake.

And so, on the day of the holy resurrection, the Lord brought down his wrath on us, instead of joy, doomed us to weeping and instead of fun - on a mountain on the Kayala River. Then, they say, Igor exclaimed: “I remembered my sins before my Lord God, that I committed many murders and bloodshed on Christian land: how I did not spare the Christians, but plundered the city of Glebov near Pereyaslavl. Then innocent Christians experienced many troubles: fathers were separated from their children, brother from brother, from each other, wives from their husbands, daughters from their mothers, girlfriend from her girlfriend. And everyone was in turmoil: then there was also full of sorrow, the living envied the dead, and the dead rejoiced that they, like holy martyrs, were cleansed in the fire from the filth of this life. The elders were kicked, the young suffered from cruel and merciless beatings, husbands were killed and dissected, women were defiled. And I did all this, - Igor exclaimed, - and I am not worthy to stay alive! And now I see vengeance from the Lord my God: where is now my beloved brother? where is my brother's son now? where is the child I have born? where are the boyars, my advisers? where are the warrior men? where is the formation of regiments? Where are the horses and precious weapons? Am I not deprived of all this now! And God delivered me bound into the hands of the wrongdoers. All this the Lord rewarded me for my iniquities and for my cruelty, and the sins I committed fell upon my head. The Lord is incorruptible, and his judgment is always just. And I must not share the fate of the living. But now I see that others receive the crown of martyrdom, so why am I -

one guilty - did not suffer for all this? But, Lord, my God, do not reject me forever, but whatever your will, Lord, such is mercy to us, your servants.

And then the battle ended, and the captives were separated, and the Polovtsians each went to their own towers. Igor was captured by a husband named Chilbuk from Targolovtsy, and Vsevolod, his brother, was captured by Roman Kzich, and Svyatoslav Olgovich was captured by Yeldechuk from Voburtsevichi, and Vladimir was captured by Kopti from Ulashevichi. Then, on the battlefield, Konchak vouched for his matchmaker Igor, for he was wounded. And out of so many people, few were able to escape by a lucky chance, it was impossible for the fugitives to escape - as if the Polovtsian regiments were surrounded by strong walls. But fifteen of our Russian husbands ran away, and even fewer kovuevs, and the rest drowned in the sea.

At this time, Grand Duke Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich went to Karachev and gathered warriors in the Upper Lands, intending to go to the Don for the whole summer. When Svyatoslav was already on his way back near Novgorod-Seversky, he heard about his brothers that they went secretly from him to the Polovtsy, and he was very annoyed by this. Svyatoslav at that time sailed in the boats; when he arrived in Chernigov, Belovod Prosovich ran there and told Svyatoslav about what had happened in the Polovtsian land. Svyatoslav, having learned about this, sighed heavily and said, wiping his tears: “Oh, my dear brethren, and sons, and men of the Russian land! God gave me victory over the filthy, and you, unable to restrain the ardor of youth, opened the gates to the Russian land. May the will of the Lord be in everything! And as I just got annoyed with Igor, so now I mourn him, my brother.

After that, Svyatoslav sent his son Oleg and Vladimir to the Family. Upon learning of what had happened, the towns of the Posem were in turmoil, and they were seized with grief and great sadness, which had never happened in the entire Family, and in Novgorod-Seversky, and in the whole land of Chernigov: the princes were captured, and the squad was captured or killed. And people rushed about in confusion, fermentation began in the cities, and then their loved ones were not sweet to anyone, but many forgot about their souls, grieving about their princes. Then Svyatoslav sent to Davyd in Smolensk, with the words: “We agreed to go to the Polovtsy and spend the summer on the banks of the Don, and now the Polovtsy defeated Igor, and his brother, and son; so come, brother, to protect the Russian land. Davyd sailed along the Dnieper, others came to the rescue, and settled at Trepol, and Yaroslav with his regiments stood in Chernigov.

The filthy Polovtsy, having defeated Igor and his brethren, became quite proud and gathered all their people to go to the Russian land. And they began to argue; Konchak said: "Let's go to Kiev, where our brethren and our Grand Duke Bonyak were killed"; and Gza said: "Let's go to the Sejm, where their wives and children are left: there a ready-made full is assembled for us, we will take the cities without fear of anyone." And so they split in two: Konchak went to Pereyaslavl, and surrounded the city, and fought there all day. Vladimir Glebovich, Prince of Pereyaslavl, was brave and strong in battle, he left the city and attacked the enemies. And only a few of the squad decided to follow him. He fought fiercely and was surrounded by many Polovtsians. Then the rest of the Pereyaslavtsy, seeing how courageously their prince was fighting, jumped out of the city and rescued their prince, who was wounded by three spears. And this glorious warrior, Vladimir, seriously wounded, entered his city, wiped his courageous sweat for his fatherland. And Vladimir sent to Svyatoslav, and to Rurik, and to Davyd, with a request: "I have the Polovtsy, so help me." Svyatoslav sent to Davyd, and Davyd stood at Trepol with the Smolensk people. The Smolensk people began to confer and said this: “We came to Kiev, if there was a battle there, we would fight, but why should we look for another battle, we can’t - we’re already tired.” And Svyatoslav with Rurik and with others who came to the rescue went along the Dnieper against the Polovtsy, while Davyd returned back with his Smolensk people. The Polovtsians, having heard about this, retreated from Pereyaslavl. And, passing by Rimov, they laid siege to him. The Rimoviches shut themselves up in the city and filled all the fences, and, by the will of God, two city dwellers with people collapsed on the side of the besiegers. The rest of the townspeople were attacked by fear, some of them ran out of the city and fought in the swamps near Rimov, they escaped captivity, and those who remained in the city were all captured. Vladimir sent to Svyatoslav Vsevolodich and Rurik Rostislavich, calling them to his aid. But Svyatoslav was delayed, waiting for Davyd with the Smolensk people. And so the Russian princes were late and did not catch up with the Polovtsy. The Polovtsy, having taken the city of Rimov, set off home in full, and the princes returned to their homes, grieving about their son Vladimir Glebovich, who received severe mortal wounds, and about the Christians taken into the full filthy.

This is how God executes us for our sins, brought the filthy against us not to please them, but punishing us and calling us to repentance so that we renounce our bad deeds. And he punishes us with raids of filthy ones, so that, having humbled ourselves, we come to our senses and leave our pernicious path.

And other Polovtsians moved along the other side of the Sula to Putivl. Gza with a large army ravaged his neighborhood and burned the village. They burned the Polovtsy and the prison near Putivl and returned home.

Igor Svyatoslavich at that time was with the Polovtsians, and he constantly said: “I deserved to be defeated by my deeds and by your will, my Lord, my Lord, and not the valor of the filthy ones broke the strength of your servants. I am not worth pity, for for my atrocities I doomed myself to misfortunes, which I experienced. The Polovtsy, as if ashamed of his valor, did him no harm, but assigned to him fifteen guards from among their fellow tribesmen and five sons of eminent people, and there were twenty in all, but they did not limit his freedom: wherever he wanted, he went there with a hawk hunted, and five or six of his servants also went with him. Those guards obeyed and honored him, and if he sent someone somewhere, they unquestioningly fulfilled his desires. And he brought the priest from Russia to his clergy, not yet knowing divine providence, but hoping that he would stay there for a long time. However, the Lord delivered him through the prayers of the Christians, for many grieved over him and shed tears.

When he was with the Polovtsy, a certain husband was found there, a native of the Polovtsy, named Lavr. And a good thought came to him, and he said to Igor: “I will go with you to Russia.” Igor, at first, did not believe him, besides, he cherished a bold hope, as is typical of youth, plotting to flee to Russia with his husbands, and said: “I, fearing dishonor, did not leave my squad then, and now I cannot run inglorious way." With Igor were the son of a thousand and his equestrian, and they convinced the prince, saying: "Run, prince, to the Russian land, if it is God's will, you will be saved." But still there was no convenient time, which he was waiting for. However, as we said before, the Polovtsy returned from near Pereyaslavl, and his advisers told Igor: “Your daring plan is not pleasing to God: you are looking for an opportunity to run away with your husbands, but why don’t you think about it: the Polovtsy will come from the campaign , and, as we heard, they are going to kill you, prince, and your husbands, and all Russians. And there will be no glory for you, no life itself. Sunk to Prince Igor in the heart of their advice; Frightened by the return of the Polovtsians, he decided to flee.

But it was impossible for him to run either day or night, because the guards were guarding him, but it seemed to him the most convenient time at sunset. And Igor sent his equerry to Lavr, ordering him to convey: “Move to the other side of the Tor with a leash horse,” for he decided to flee with Lavr to Russia. The Polovtsians at that time got drunk on koumiss. When it began to get dark, the groom came and reported to his prince Igor that Laurus was waiting for him. Igor stood up in fear and confusion, bowed to the image of God and the honest cross, saying: “Lord, who reads in the hearts! Oh, if you would save me, lord, unworthy! And, taking with him a cross and an icon, he raised the wall of the tent and climbed out of it, while the guards, meanwhile, amused themselves and had fun, thinking that the prince was sleeping. He, having approached the river, crossed to the other side, mounted a horse, and so they rode with Laurus through the veins.

The Lord brought deliverance to him on Friday evening. And Igor walked on foot to the city of Donets for eleven days, and from there to his Novgorod, and everyone rejoiced at him. From Novgorod he went to his brother Yaroslav in Chernigov, asking him to help him in the defense of the Family. Igor rejoiced. Yaroslav promised help. From there Igor went to Kyiv, to the Grand Duke Svyatoslav, and Svyatoslav was glad to Igor, as well as Rurik, his matchmaker.

A WORD ABOUT THE SHELF
or
WAS A BOY?

fatal law

One day, my comrades and I went on a hiking trip near the day of the eclipse. As soon as we "stand on the water", i.e. we lowered the kayaks onto the river, another group of tourists in kayaks caught up with us. It was in North Karelia, the river was not the easiest. Passing an obstacle (the ruins of an old bridge), one dashing kayaker rushed across the drain (passage between the stones) and prevented my crew. We had to go into a nearby drain, and as a result we crashed into a fallen tree and rolled over. Fortunately, no one was hurt. It happened during a solar eclipse. in August 1999

This case confirmed the rule of traditional astrology: it is strictly forbidden to start anything before an eclipse.

Excellence in history

When I was at school, we had a joke in our history lessons: “How do you like the lesson to answer? Like in the textbook or how was it in reality?

When I was little, I believed that these "filthy commies" distorted the entire national history, rewrote it to suit their ideological ideas, as they needed, or, more precisely, as, in their opinion, could and should have been, what, they say , the whole history went towards the victory of the proletariat over the exploiters. Years passed, and I realized that they had worked there before them. There were "excellent students in history" in all ages and in all countries. Including in Russia.

I am not a supporter of Fomenko and Nosovsky. Their nonsense (passed into the brand) I could not even read. Here will be my own "nonsense", since I fell ill with this for a long time and without them I can fantasize about history.

main topic

There is an axiom in astrology: there is an aspect in the sky - there is an event on the earth. I did not immediately guess to check the history with astrology. At first, I tried to check the known historical facts from the point of view of psychological and rational-logical reliability. And then he combined it with an astrological check.

Consider from these positions one very famous event in the history of Russia, which even served as the main literary and musical works.

The Laurentian Chronicle says: “The Lord granted a great victory to our princes and their soldiers over our enemies, the Cumans, or Polovtsy, were defeated. And Vladimir said: “On this day, given to us by the Lord, let us rejoice and rejoice, for the Lord delivered us from our enemies and threw our enemies under our feet, and crushed the heads of the serpent.” And there was great joy: the squad was enriched with captives, and the convicts were taken, they got weapons and horses, and returned home, glorifying God and the Holy Mother of God, an ambulance to help the Christian family.

In the year 6 6 9 4 [i.e. in 1186 A.D. ]. On the first day of the month of May, on the feast day of the holy prophet Jeremiah, on Wednesday, in the evening, there was a sign in the sun, and it got so dark that people could see the stars, and everything turned green in their eyes, and the sun turned into a month, and his horns are like burning coals. It was terrible to see the people a sign of God.

Therefore, the chronicle claims that on May 1, 1186 (or 1185) there was a total eclipse! The sun was completely covered. This happens very rarely, most eclipses are invisible without telescopes and smoked glasses.

This eclipse was seen by troops in the Don steppes in the area of ​​the Kayala River (according to one chronicle) or the Seversky Donets (according to another). History with geography - the same! Kayala and Donets flow into the Don from different sides and at a decent distance from each other. Perhaps the mention of Kayala is a late insert of a political nature (in order to expand the ancient borders of Russia).

If we summarize the Lavrentiev and Ipatiev Chronicles, the Book of Powers*, the information reported by M. Karamzin, we get the following impression: some time before the eclipse (at the end of April), the Russians defeated the Polovtsians. Probably, the spring "mopping-ups" were a common practice of that time. After the eclipse occurred, the campaign was continued and ended with a crushing defeat of the Russian troops.

Unexpected modulation

The question arises: did they really not know at that time that an eclipse is a bad omen? Maybe all the astrologers were "cleaned up"? I do not believe!

The Ipatiev Chronicle says that Prince Igor was warned about the danger of an eclipse, but he declared that God creates the eclipse, and this has nothing to do with human affairs.

Could it be? I think no.

All astrologers and ancient sages knew that before an eclipse (and even before a simple new moon) it is good to complete, rather than start, processes or deeds. Especially such serious matters as going on a campaign or starting a war. No, no one would have acted like that, but would have waited for the new moon (and perhaps ordered the astrologers to make an election for the campaign!).

I do not believe the chronicler. And I solemnly cleanse my ears.

* For the text of chronicles, see http://old-ru.ru/03-18.html and http://feb-web.ru/feb/slovenc/es/es3/es3-1511.htm?cmd=2&istext=1 . I studied all available sources (including the multi-volume Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles). The Tales of Bygone Years about the campaign of Prince Igor Svyatoslavich against the Polovtsians in 1185 are contained in the Ipatiev and Laurentian Chronicles. Similar narratives from other chronicles, one way or another, depend on these two. The abridged stories of the Gustinsky Chronicle and "Kroiniki" by Feodosy Sofonovich go back to the Ipatiev Chronicle. Reports about Igor's campaign against the Polovtsians go back to the Laurentian Chronicle in most other Russian chronicles, as well as in the all-Russian chronicle collections (Sofia 1st and Novgorod 4th chronicles), as well as in the Book of Degrees.

The longest noodle: Laurentian chronicle about the campaign of Prince Igor

Consider the story about the campaign of Prince Igor in the Laurentian Chronicle. This is the most detailed source - and therefore considered the most trustworthy. Let's see if that's the case.

The story about Igor's campaign in the Laurentian Chronicle is not an independent work, representing a whole part of the article about 1185. The article begins with a story about the successful military operations of princes Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich and Rurik Rostislavich, in which Yaroslav Chernigov and Igor Novgorod-Seversky did not take part. Actually the story of Igor's campaign begins with the words: " At the same time, Svyatoslavich Igor, grandson of the Olgovs, left Novgorod on the 23rd day of April, on Tuesday, name with you your brother Vsevolod and Trubechka, and Svyatoslav, your son, from Rylsk, and Volodimer, your son, from Putivl, and Ask Yaroslav to help, Olstin Oleksich, Prokhorov's grandson, with the kouy of Chernigov ... ". This story is lengthy, lists a lot of circumstances, details of events, reproduces the speeches of the characters, as if its author was one of the participants in the campaign or wrote from the words of the participants, including Prince Igor himself. It is this feature of the text that creates a sense of forgery, since the text of this chronicle contains details that are usually not remembered unless they were specifically recorded. This is evidenced by my own (and considerable) experience of long trips.

The question arises: how does the chronicler know such details? The chronicle says that, having started the campaign, the princes went, "gather your squad" slowly, because their horses were "fat velmy", well-fed; that, approaching the Donets, in the evening Igor saw a solar eclipse and discussed this phenomenon with the team; their further path is indicated, the time of waiting for Vsevolod, who went a different way from Kursk; reported on the report and advice of intelligence (either speed up the movement, or return), also about Igor's decision not to return without fighting in order to avoid "litter", about the location of the regiments in the first battle, about the course of the battle, about the return of those who set off to pursue the fugitives Polovtsy.

Along the way, the question arises: how could the Russians pursue the Polovtsians, if the war horses of that time moved either at a walk or a gallop, and there were no trotters - they had not yet been brought in? As you know, Arabian trotting breeds of horses appeared later (after the Crusades), both in Europe and in Russia. In those days, the main striking force of the Russian troops (and other European armies) was armored cavalry. She moves either at a walk or at a gallop. But at a gallop, such a cavalry can gallop a verst (about 1.5 km), so it attacked from a distance of about 500-700 meters. And there was no question of persecution.

After that, there is some jump or omission after the phrase “friends, the night came to the regiment with full”, because it says next: “and as if the Polovtsy gathered all together. And Igor’s speech ... ”, and from his speech it is clear that the Russians have already seen ("vidohom”), i.e. from a distance no further than 5-6 km or 4 versts, how many Polovtsian regiments stand against them, or, as the chronicler wrote, “ essence of copulation”, although this was not previously discussed in the text. Further, it is reported about the advice of the princes and their decision, despite the obvious danger of delay, to stay there for the night, out of unwillingness to abandon those who participated in the pursuit of the Polovtsy, and whose horses were therefore tired, during a hasty retreat. This again raises great doubts, since it would hardly be possible to go back on foot, leading the horses by the reins, and thereby avoid a fight.

Then comes the story of the battle, which began with the onset of the next, Saturday, day and ended on Sunday with the complete defeat of the Russian army and the capture of Prince Igor and other Russian princes, and it is precisely said to whom and from which kind of Polovtsy which of them was captured (amazing memory and awareness of chroniclers!). The captive Prince Igor utters a long monologue, repenting mainly of his military cruelty "in the land of the peasantry" [this is the spelling in the annals - I.P.] when taking "on the shield" of the city of Glebov near Pereyaslavl. Why would he say this? As the saying goes: "a la ger - com a la ger" ... All this somehow does not fit with reality, there is a vague feeling that "this does not happen."

But the Ipatiev Chronicle is still flowers. In other chronicles we meet such a “clip consciousness”, in comparison with which the Eurovision Song Contest is just a masterpiece of logic.

The noodles are shorter but more intricate

The Hypatian Chronicle speaks of Igor's campaign much shorter than the Laurentian Chronicle, and in article 6694 (i.e., for the year 1186 AD). The solar eclipse on May 1 is mentioned here without connection with the campaign and the defeat of Igor. The story of the trip begins with the words: “The same summer, Olgovi’s grandchildren came to the Polovtsy, they didn’t go tom for years with all the princes, but they themselves went about themselves, saying: we are not princes, are we? ..”. According to this story, two sons go on a campaign with Igor, and the princes converge at Pereyaslavl. Noticing the approach of the princely armies, the Polovtsy, it is said further, sent "to all their lands" for help, came out to meet the Russians, were forced to accept the battle before the approach of their main forces, were defeated and, leaving their baggage with women and children, fled. Diverging in the chronology of the campaign, the Ipatiev and Laurentian chronicles report that after the capture of the Polovtsian towers, the victors stood there for three days, having fun and being proud that they defeated the Polovtsians in their land. While the princes, who went to the Polovtsy with the Grand Duke Svyatoslav, fought with them, " in vain to Pereyaslavl", in their land," but they did not dare to go into their land". “Rusichi beat them to the end,” and if successful, “go into the bow of the sea, where our grandfathers did not go,” “and not leading God’s buildings,” the chronicler notes ...

Next comes a description of the eclipse that took place after the defeat of the first Polovtsian detachments. " In the year 6 6 9 4 (1186). On the first day of the month of May, on the feast day of the holy prophet Jeremiah, on Wednesday, in the evening, there was a sign in the sun, and it got so dark that people could see the stars, and everything turned green in their eyes, and the sun turned into a month, and his horns are like burning coals. It was terrible to see the people a sign of God.

Whether it was possible to see this eclipse - this is a special conversation.

In general, chronicles report a variety of events, including campaigns, eclipses, and births: “in the same year, the same month, on the eighteenth day, on the day of memory of the holy martyr Potapius, on Saturday, a son was born to the Grand Duke Vsevolod, and they named his name in holy baptism is Constantine.

The Ipatiev Chronicle says: “In the same year, Olgova’s grandchildren decided to go to the Polovtsy, since they didn’t go last year with all the princes, but they went on their own, saying: “Well, aren’t we princes? We will get the same glory for ourselves! And Igor met at Pereyaslavl with his two sons from Novgorod-Seversky, his brother Vsevolod from Trubchevsk, Svyatoslav Olgovich from Rylsk and those who came to their aid from Chernigov. And they entered the land of the Polovtsians. The same, having heard, went towards, saying: "Our brethren are killed and our fathers, and others are in captivity, and now they are coming at us." They sent a message throughout all their land, but they themselves went to meet and waited for their troops, and ours go to them, to their gates. The Polovtsy met them, not letting them near the vezhs, and, without waiting for the rest of the troops, converged in battle. And the Polovtsians were defeated, and they drove them to the vezh, and the Russians took full - wives and children, and stood for three days in their vezhs, having fun and saying: “Our brethren went with Svyatoslav, the Grand Duke, and fought with the Polovtsy in full view of Pereyaslavl , they themselves came to them, but did not dare to follow them to the Polovtsian land. And we are in their land, and we ourselves have been killed, and their wives are captive, and their children are with us. And now let's follow them behind the Don and kill them all without a trace. If we win here too, then we will follow them to the Lukomorye, where our grandfathers did not go, and we will take all our glory and honor to the end. But they didn't know about God's plan.

And the remnants of the defeated Polovtsians fled to their army, where they had previously sent the message, and told them about their defeat. The same, having heard, came to their aid and sent for others. And the archers met with the Russians, and the archers fought for three days, but in a spear battle they did not converge, waiting for their squad, but they did not let them come to the water.”

Why did I quote these two lengthy passages?

Firstly, one gets the impression that the Polovtsians are a settled people. "Vezhi" apparently means "towers, fortifications." Secondly, the mention of some "archers" generally allows you to ask - what times does the chronicler write about? Or (oh horror!): When were these "archers" added to the annals?

How did the Polovtsian archers hold back the Russian cavalry for three days?

Let's remember Lermontov: "For two days we were in a shootout - what's the use of such a trifle?"

For several days you can only shoot from guns (and cannons)! Moreover - being in a shelter, or being in redoubts (flushes). It is impossible to shoot from bows for three days: there will not be enough arrows. In addition, since the Polovtsy are steppe dwellers, they also have “tension” with wood for high-quality arrows. But an ordinary infantryman from the time of Suvorov (and Borodino) carried 1000 rounds of ammunition with him on the march (a standard satchel weighs a pound, plus a gun and a roll - all the miraculous heroes carried about 20 kilograms). It is quite realistic, having so many cartridges, to hold a bridgehead for two or three days. Another thing is bows and arrows. Since the number of arrows cannot be more than one hundred or two hundred per archer, the arithmetic is simple - the shooting will be for a maximum of several hours, and not for three days. This means that it is possible to hold back the enemy’s cavalry only for a short time, and not for three days, given that this is a heavy cavalry clad in iron.

What then could the archer? From a distance of 100-200 m, no further, fire 10-20 shots at the attacking cavalry and go behind the ranks of the infantry, or fire at the maneuvering infantry. And that's it. For horse archers, the shooting distance is halved. Provided that the Polovtsians have few "heavy" horsemen, no armored infantry, no foot professional archers, i.e. armies in their present form, but there is light cavalry with weak bows. In this case, they will have to maneuver, and this will not be able to continue for a long time: the arrows will run out earlier, and the enemy archers on foot will shoot down the attacks of armorless riders already at long distances.

Nomads (and historians are sure that the Polovtsy are nomads) should avoid a head-on collision in every possible way. For three days it was possible to hold back the Russian army, not letting it go to the river, only under two conditions:

• possession of firearms;

• the presence of fortifications (at least earthen).

So this piece of text is a later addition. And this text does not refer to the events of this chronicle. This whole episode in general may be a later fake - counterfeit .

Is it possible to hike in the spring?

The next objection to Igor's campaign is the season. In April-May, there is still no grass in the steppes!

In later chronicles describing the punitive operations of the Moscow tsars against the Don Cossacks in the era of Ivan IV, we read that these campaigns always take place in the fall. In summer it is hot, in spring and winter the horses have nothing to eat, autumn remains! In April-May, there could only be a short raid along the border, but a raid as far as the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov (then Surozh) would have been possible only in autumn and winter.

Karamzin as a mirror of Russian historicism

And now let's turn to that place in the "History of the Russian State", where the famous and authoritative historian unfolds before the reader's eyes a picture of Prince Igor's campaign against the Polovtsians in 1185:

Igor's disaster. April 13, 1185 May 1>. A few months later, the triumph of the Russians turned into grief. The princes of Seversky, Igor Novgorodsky, his brother Vsevolod Trubchevsky, and their nephew, having no part in the victories of Svyatoslav, envied them and wanted more important ones. The eclipse of the sun that happened then seemed to their Boyars an omen of misfortune.

As is known, Karamzin always gave preference to more ancient chronicles, but this time he preferred the Ipatievskaya, later one, ignoring Nikonovskaya, in which there is no mention of the eclipse. Karamzin claims that there was a solar eclipse during the campaign! - and does not consider any other options.

What dark glasses did Prince Igor use to watch the eclipse?

The biggest objection to the chilling eclipse story is this:

THE ECLIPSE WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO SEE. Except through smoked glass. Or through dark glasses. So I imagine Prince Igor with a bottle green fragment (from Zhigulevsky) or in Hollywood dark glasses.

THERE WAS NO TOTAL ECLIPSE AT THE TIME. Neither in 1185 nor in 1186. Moreover, it was NOT AT ALL on the territory of Russia in the XII century.

An analysis of solar eclipse maps for the previous 19 and 19 subsequent years shows that in these years it was not possible to observe a total solar eclipse in Kyiv, or in the Rostov-on-Don region, or Astrakhan in the month of May. In May of one year there can be only one solar eclipse, not two, two are extremely rare, once every few hundred years. Other suitable dates are May 14, 1230 (partial eclipse) and May 6, 1464 (almost total).

Of course, there was an eclipse, but when - you need to look, most likely, in the head of the chroniclers or Karamzin!

Astrological Improvisations: Deasy Gillespie's Puffy Cheeks

And how many factors in this story are understandable only to astrologers! There are more than a dozen of them.

I built a model in a virtual planetarium, and this is what the maximum phase of the eclipse on May 1, 1185 looked like.

As you can see, it's very similar. With such an eclipse, it seems that a small cloud has come running, but the stars are not visible and, moreover, it is not dark as at night. Illumination practically does not change. I specifically inform you that this is a diagram, not a photograph. This is how an eclipse looks like through smoked glass or through special light filters. That is, this is how Igor, a fan of Zhigulevsky and Men in Black, could see the eclipse. The chronicler's aria about the total eclipse is from another opera. H and in 1999, nor in 1185, the eclipse described by the chronicler could not have happened.

The main caliber: the eclipse map of May 1, 1185 is not a map of military defeat!

We do not know when Igor went on a campaign against the Polovtsians (if he went out ...). But the eclipse map built on the coordinates of the capital of the state (Kyiv) should reflect the most important events of this period - the spring of 1185.

And we can say with full confidence that it does not describe the defeat in the war.

The first thing that catches your eye is that the eclipse occurs on Uranus, i.e. Uranus is in the degree of the eclipse. This is always accompanied by catastrophes of an impersonal and mass character. A building could collapse, there could be popular unrest, there could be some changes in the state. But this does not look like the death of an army, since the higher planets are indicators of impersonal natural or man-made disasters, natural disasters (hurricanes, earthquakes, climatic anomalies, etc.).

The action of Uranus is like lightning: everything is sudden and irreversible. Probably, this eclipse could relate to finances, since the eclipse point itself is in the 8th house of the eclipse map. I would suggest that at such an eclipse, gold money was withdrawn from circulation, or, conversely, copper money. This is also indicated by Lilith in Scorpio in the II house.

The closest example of an eclipse on Uranus is January 5, 1992. This eclipse caused the start of "shock therapy" in the Russian economy and harsh economic reforms.

If the chroniclers had noted that a wall or a tower had collapsed in Kyiv, or that Russia had financial difficulties, they would have believed it.

(However, everything is clear! The Russians took a loan from the Polovtsy with horse tails or hay from the boundless steppes, and then, in order not to give it back, went to war against the Polovtsy ...)

The eclipse of 1185 is in the VIII house of the map, which describes a catastrophe, cataclysm, default, ruin, which negatively affected the entire Russian people. And the annals speak of a defeat in a local conflict, which not everyone even noticed. Moreover, according to the same chronicles, Igor escaped from captivity, gathered troops and defeated the Polovtsy. In fact, this event did not change the state of the Russian state, unlike the eclipse of 1992, which turned millions of people in the post-Soviet space into beggars.

In the map of 1185, the conjunction of the star Pollux with Selena is significant. Pollux is an Immortal Twin who sacrificed his immortality for his brother. This is the star of warriors, fighters for justice and the happiness of other people. It requires unconditional self-sacrifice. Perhaps this is indeed a description of Igor's heroism - in which case I'm talking nonsense. But, in my opinion, there is still enough evidence to support my version.

Pluto, the significator of the enemy, is in conjunction with Selena in the sign of Cancer, and Mars, the junior ruler of the VII house of enemies, is in Pisces. After reviewing many cards related to the start of hostilities, I did not find a single example of the start of a war with Mars in Pisces and with the conjunction of Pluto and Selena.

Mars in Pisces is a shy creature and is more afraid of ghosts than reality. Pluto is softened by Selena as Selena is above him in status in the celestial hierarchy. Therefore, such a constellation could not support the war. All these standings were before the eclipse, which means that in May a serious war, in principle, should not have begun.

The Lot of Victory is conjunct Jupiter in the 10th house. This is a super strong position, but for the end. Opposition to Neptune, of course, strikes the Lot of Victory, but, most likely, no one went anywhere. The two rulers of the third and first houses are in opposition, and without the normal III and I houses, no campaigns, and even more so military ones, will not work.

The peculiarity of this eclipse card is that it imperatively begins to operate 6 days before the eclipse, this is indicated by the distance in degrees between the Sun and Rahu. Therefore, it can be assumed that this eclipse really caused some kind of shock in society, but not the kind that the chronicle writes about.

Most likely, there was no war at all that year.

Heretical conclusions or solo cadenza

Analyzing all the annals at my disposal, I realized with horror that there are no normal annals written sequentially, but there is a wild “cut”, a kind of vinaigrette from scraps, in which it is difficult today to find logic and separate pieces that are different in time of writing. Could in the annals and some piece about the eclipse. It can be assumed that there was a chronicle that told about a total, total eclipse (until dark), but it spoke about events not in the 12th century, or not in Russia, or both. Such eclipses before total darkness are extremely rare and do not occur every century. And they are not observed all over the Earth. Once upon a time, Cook went to another hemisphere for such an eclipse, and in the 20th century, "solar" people specially chased such eclipses around the globe.

So, the final and triumphant squeak of my astrological saxophone: findings.

First: Chronicle compiled. It has places that tell about different times and different countries. Perhaps the story with the eclipse is a rehash of some more ancient one, and not local legends. Such a feeling from the "fatal", "fatal" style of the annals is in this passage, from the thickened atmosphere of the narrative. Perhaps this legend was deliberately inserted by the clergy (since Igor was punished for denying the influence of the eclipse, that is, higher powers on human affairs).

Second: Neither this year, nor earlier or later than this year, such an eclipse was seen, which means that the chronicle is a falsification. Either the date coincided by chance, but I don’t believe in coincidences, since coincidence is the highest degree of regularity. In this case, the date of the eclipse is taken from other sources describing some events in another country where the eclipse was visible and actually observed.

The third: Therefore, it can be assumed that there was no campaign, at least in the specified year.

Fourth: Those who composed the "chronicles" were not engaged in historical reconstruction, which means that they could not notice many mistakes in the text and did not correct them. The blunders are frank, not fitting into the tactics and strategy of that era. Since I have been doing it for 20 years, I have some ideas about the likelihood of this or that course of events.

My own pasta

I did not aim to model the historical reality by astrological methods. That is, to answer the question, what actually happened in that distant year with Prince Igor, Khan Konchak and other heroes of this blockbuster. This is a topic for another article or even an entire book.

Reconstruction of history (and especially its mysterious, "dark" places) by astrological methods is a new and practically unknown thing. For example, the myth of calling the Varangians. Can it be confirmed or refuted astrologically?

But this is the topic of a future article.

Used materials

Kudryashov K. V. About Igor Seversky, about the Russian land. M., 1959. S. 82-88;

PLDR edited by Stelletsky - 1965. S. 247-261;

PLDR: XII century. M., 1980. S. 344-371;

Hetman M. F. The Secret of the Kayala River: A Word about Igor's Campaign. Kharkov, 1982. S. 135-140;

Tale of Ancient Russia XI-XII centuries. L., 1983. S. 353-375;

Almanac "Word" - 1985. S. 415-422;

Litopisnі opovіdі about the death of Prince Igor / Arrangement, textual translation and translation by V.Yu.Franchuk. Kiev, 1988. S. 70-172.

The Tale of Bygone Years (PVL). Part 1. M.-L. 1950, p. eighteen.

Ilovaisky D.I. Research about the beginning of Russia. M. 1876, p. 238-239.
Parkhomenko V.A. Russia in the 9th century. - News of the Department of the Russian language and literature, 1917, v. 22, book. 2, p. 128-129.

Parkhomenko V.A. At the origins of Russian statehood (VIII-XI centuries). L. 1924, p. 5, 7.

Pokrovsky M.N. Selected works. Book. 1. M. 1966, p. 98.
Grekov B.D. Feudal relations in the Kievan state. M.-L. 1936, p. 170-171, 9;. Grekov B.D. Kievan Rus. M.-L. 1939, p. 227-228.

PSRL. M.; L., 1949. T. 25. S. 92). The story of the Laurentian Chronicle ends with a reflection on the executions of God, borrowed from the article of the previous year (there is also secondary - gleaned from article 1093 of the PVL).

Complete collection of Russian chronicles. T. 2. Ipatiev Chronicle (Rec.) // Moskv. 1843. No. 12. Det. Criticism. S. 425).

Laurentian Chronicle // PSRL. L., 1927. Issue. 2; 2nd ed. T. 1, no. 2. Stb. 397-400; Ipatiev Chronicle // PSRL. SPb., 1908. T. 2. Stb. 637-651 (both ed. phototypically reprinted: M., 1962).