Length and density of roads
The Russian Federation is characterized by a low density of roads, which is:
67 km per 1000 km 2 of the country's territory;
8 km per 1000 inhabitants.
At the same time, the density of roads per 1000 km of the country's territory is 1800-1830 km in France and Germany, 1070-1175 km in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, India, 670 km in the USA, i.e. 10-25 km. times more than in the Russian Federation. In Russia, the length of roads with a hard surface of 1000 km of territory is 20 times lower than in Europe, and 10 times lower than in Canada. In terms of road density per 1000 inhabitants, Russia is 2-3 times inferior to the USA, France, Sweden, Finland and other countries.
According to Rosavtodor, the total length of the network of public roads of federal, regional and local significance of the Russian Federation (that is, state-owned roads) in the new classification for 2006 is estimated at 1,145 thousand km.
In 2007, according to Rosstat, the length of public roads in the new classification in Russia was 746,000 km. Of these, with a hard surface - 623 thousand km. The territory of the Russian Federation is crossed by 34 road routes of the European and Asian network of international highways with a total length of 32,000 km.
The length of federal roads at the beginning of 2008 amounted to 48.8 thousand kilometers, which is less than 5% of the total length of the country's road network, while federal roads accounted for more than 40 percent of all passenger and freight traffic. By the end of 2008, about 350 km of new roads had been built and 5,000 existing roads had been repaired. The length of the public road network is growing slowly: in accordance with the federal target program "Modernization of the transport system of Russia (2002-2010)" by 2010, the density of roads per 1,000 inhabitants will practically remain at the 2006 level. At the same time, the level of motorization of the country will grow by one and a half times.
Rice. one.
Source. According to the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat).
Rice. 2.
Source. Rosavtodor.
Road of the 1st category - a road with a traffic intensity of more than 7,000 vehicles per day, a basic design speed of 150 km / h, an improved capital surface, the number of lanes - 4 or more.
Category 2 road - a highway with a traffic intensity of 3000-7000 vehicles per day, a basic design speed of 120 km / h, an improved capital surface, the number of lanes - 2.
Road of the 3rd category - a highway with a traffic intensity of 1000-3000 vehicles per day, a basic design speed of 100 km / h, improved light coverage, the number of lanes - 2.
Category 4 road - a road with a traffic intensity of 200-1000 vehicles per day, a basic design speed of 80 km / h, an improved light or transitional pavement, the number of lanes - 2.
Category 5 road - a motor road with a traffic density of less than 200 vehicles per day, a basic design speed of 60 km / h, a transitional or lower pavement, the number of traffic lanes - 1.
General condition of the territorial road network of Russia
The general condition of the territorial road network of Russia, according to Rosavtodor, is characterized by the following negative aspects:
The length of sections of territorial roads that do not meet the regulatory requirements for transport and operational condition is more than 76% of the total length of the network;
The lack of hard-surfaced access roads to small rural settlements causes additional costs for transportation on dirt roads, which are 3-4 times higher than on roads with a better surface - the length of dirt roads is about 220 thousand km, traffic on these roads is difficult in the autumn-spring period, which causes significant losses for agricultural enterprises;
About 50,000 settlements do not have year-round communication via paved roads, which leads to stagnation in production and outflow of the population.
Conquering kilometers of roads is an exciting experience. Especially if the track has a modern surface and allows you to drive along the longest route without interference.
Today we offer the Top 10, which included longest highways in the world. Each of them is of particular importance for those countries through whose territory it runs.
In terms of the total length of the road network, China ranks second in the world after the United States. The length of the main National Highway 010 is 5,700 km. The route starts in the north-east of the continental part of the country, and ends on the island of Hainan, where the cars are transported by ferry.
9. Track in the Tarim Desert, China
This highway is the longest road in the desert. The road is important for oil producers, who a few years ago began to develop a large oil and gas field in the desert.
8. Interstate 90, USA
The American road network is the longest and most extensive on the planet. Interstate 90 starts at the Canadian border and ends in Boston. It is noteworthy that the highway passes through the world's longest pontoon bridge. Most of the highway is tolled.
7. US Route 20, USA
The longest track in the US has a length of 5,500 km. The road connects the East Coast of the United States with the West. US Route 20 passes through the territory of the main national park Yellowstone.
6. Karakoram Highway, Pakistan-China
The route almost completely repeats the route of the ancient Great Silk Road. Highway is the highest in the world. Due to the dangers lurking in the sheer cliffs, nearly 1,000 workers died while building the road.
5. Trans-Siberian Highway, Russia
On official maps, such a highway simply does not exist. However, if we combine several routes from the Baltic to the Sea of Japan into a single whole, we get a single federal road with a length of 11,000 km.
4. Trans-Canada Highway, Canada
This highway connects 10 Canadian provinces. The length of the route is 8030 km. Having traveled the entire route, you can get from the Pacific coast directly to the Atlantic coast. The road has been under construction for over 20 years.
3. Highway 1, Australia
Australia's main state highway stretches for a record 14,500 km. The route does not go deep into the continent, but all the time stretches along the coast. More than a million vehicles pass through Highway 1 daily.
2. Highway AH1, Japan - Turkey
Asian Highway No. 1 is a special UN project that has received billions of dollars. The length of the route connecting Japan, both Koreas, Vietnam, Cambodia, Burma, India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Iran, Pakistan and Turkey is 20,557 km. Today, cars are transported from the Japanese part of the highway to the mainland by ferry, but a project for an underwater tunnel is being developed.
1. Pan American Highway, North and South America
The longest highway in the world is listed in the Guinness Book of Records. The length of the road is 48,000 km, it passes through the territory of 15 states. Construction of the Pan-American Highway began in 1889. It is noteworthy that on the official maps of the United States and Canada there is no route called the "Pan American Highway", although in fact the road passes through the territory of these countries.
1. Roads. Only available in Germany. Countrywide. Real, good, fast. Built in chords that intersect each other. The recommended speed is 130 km/h. There is no maximum speed limit on autobahns. In Russia there are no roads, there are directions with potholes, potholes and traffic jams. The recommended speed on highways in Russia is 100 km/h. The maximum speed is 110 km / h, which is better not to exceed for your own safety. The Atlas of European Highways considers only Novorizhskoe highway and pieces of the M4 Don toll highway to be motorways in Russia. All other roads do not correspond to highways in terms of quality. The vast majority of roads pass through populated areas with the impossibility of bypassing them, which leads to numerous traffic jams and gas pollution. Total road length in Germany: 12,645 km of motorways out of 644,480 km of paved roads. The total length of roads in Russia: according to the autotraveler.ru website, there are no highways at all; 755,000 paved roads, 178,000 km of unpaved (!) roads, total 933,000 km of "roads". In Germany, dirt roads are only available in fields. Compare the territory of Germany and Russia, the number of cars and the number of inhabitants, and everything will immediately become clear why there are continuous traffic jams in Moscow.
2. Organization of movement in case of repair. In Germany, at least a kilometer away, at the beginning of the repair section with a narrowing of the road, posts with reflective elements are set up, allowing you to smoothly rebuild. Drivers are accompanied not only by signs of speed limits and detour directions, but also emoticons: with a sad smile - for 6 km of repair, with a neutral smile - for 4 km of repair, and with a joyful smile when only 2 km are left to the end of the emergency section. There are also solar-powered traffic lights in emergency sections and electronic scoreboards showing that it is necessary to change lanes when the road narrows in turn - one car from each lane. In Russia, most often the beginning of repairs is indicated by KamAZ, standing at night without lights right on the repaired lane. Sometimes this KamAZ is indicated by a sign with a blue arrow with the direction of the detour. In rare cases, this sign is luminous and can be seen from afar. Reflective elements are exhibited only on highways, I saw them on New Riga and, again, during the repair of the Don highway.
3. Construction of roads. In Germany, roads are built with cranes and other construction equipment; at a repair site of 2-3 kilometers, you can meet 2-3 people who control the progress of construction and give instructions. In Russia, instead of one normal ice rink, 30 Tajiks traditionally use it, of which 27 look at each other and only three pretend to dig. I'm not talking about the thickness of the concrete substrate on the highway. In Germany - 30 cm of a mixture of concrete and crushed stone on asphalt or concrete slabs. In Russia, asphalt is laid on a thin layer of sand. And then everyone is surprised - where does the track come from?
4. Cars. Probably all BMW X5 and Audi A8 are assembled in Moscow. In the vast majority, there are no expensive cars on the roads of Germany. These are ordinary middle-class cars that are far from the first freshness, which have been driving on the roads for several years. I was struck by a large number of "Fiats" from foreign cars for Germany. Of course, expensive cars are also found on the autobahns, but most often they are open-top convertibles or mini-coopers. The most important thing is that a car for the Germans is a means of transportation! How many people travel in station wagons or mini-vans with bicycles attached to the roof or rear of the car! A car for Russians is a show-off and an opportunity to stand out on the road.
5. Driving culture. For a week in Germany, not a single bastard of an expensive and / or fast car honked or blinked its headlights from behind. When narrowing the road on the autobahn, we were stuck in a traffic jam for about 20 minutes, when three lanes turned into one. Not a single (!!!) car was driving along the side of the road on the right behind a solid line! No one honked or cut off the other. Everyone was moving slowly, but wedged one after another into the bottle neck. There is nothing to write about the culture of driving in Russia, because there is not much of it. Only yesterday in one right lane they managed to line up in three rows! Land Rover always and everywhere goes where it wants and how it wants, without even turning on the turn signals, chocks on tinted “fives”, “tens” and “gazelles” drive without any rules at all, since in the car they talk with their hands to each other and on a mobile phone , buses depart from stops, too, always without looking. Driving according to the rules in Germany is considered the norm, while in Russia it is considered the norm to drive without any rules at all.
Reference to the conference call on measures to improve the condition of regional and municipal roads.
At present, the network of public roads in the Russian Federation has a total length of 1,452.2 thousand km, of which 51.9 thousand km are federal roads, 515.8 thousand km are regional roads, and 884.5 thousand km - local roads. There is no hard surface on 8.1% of regional roads and 43.6% of local roads. 64.4% of regional roads and 29% of local roads have improved pavement of the carriageway, capable of passing the flow of trucks, regardless of weather and climatic conditions.
63.6% of the length of federal highways, 38.8% of the total length of regional roads and 31.6% of the length of local roads meet the regulatory requirements.
Currently, nine agreements have been signed in the amount of 3.827 billion rubles (Bryansk Region, Lipetsk Region, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Republic of Chuvashia, Republic of Buryatia, Omsk Region, Amur Region, Primorsky Territory, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)).
The provision of subsidies and interbudgetary transfers for the implementation of road activities in relation to regional and local roads is currently carried out both targeted - for specific road facilities, and in aggregate - for the implementation of activities provided for by regional programs.
