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Mazeina E.V. geography teacher
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The nature of the Caucasus is diverse and unusually picturesque. V.A. Zhukovsky, M.Yu. Lermontov wrote about the Caucasus. A.S. Pushkin dedicated his poems to the Caucasus:
Caucasus below me. Alone in the heights I stand above the snows at the edge of the rapids: The eagle, having risen from a distant peak, Soars motionless with me on a par. ... From here I see the birth of streams And the first formidable landslides movement. Here the clouds humbly walk under me, Through them, tumbling down, the waterfalls rustle, Beneath them the cliffs are our bulks...
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What is the natural boundary of the region in the west and east?
To the east is the Caspian Sea
In the north - the Kumo-Manych depression
In the south - the southern border of the Russian Federation with Georgia and Azerbaijan, the border with Georgia and Azerbaijan runs mainly along the crest of the Main, or Dividing Range.
In the west - the Azov and Black seas
Ciscaucasia Greater Caucasus Transcaucasia
With what states does the border of Russia pass through the Caucasus in the south?
What depression separates the Caucasus from the Russian Plain in the north?
Using the map of the atlas, determine the GP and name the boundaries of this natural region. To do this, answer the following questions:
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Fill in the diagram: North Caucasus = Ciscaucasia Greater Caucasus =
Ciscaucasia + northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus
Krasnodar Territory + Stavropol Territory + Dagestan Plains
Black Sea (western Caucasus) Elbrus (5642m) Kazbek (5033m) (central Caucasus) Caspian Sea (eastern Caucasus)
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Let's analyze Fig. 64 pages 169-171 of the textbook and maps "The structure of the earth's crust" and "Geological map of Russia" in the atlas and answer the following questions: 1. During the collision of which continental lithospheric plates did mountains form?) 2. Which folded belt includes 3. Determine origin and age of mountains. 4. Do mountain building processes continue at the present time? Why?
1. Eurasian and African-Arabian
2. Mediterranean fold belt
3. In the central part of the Caucasus, ancient crystalline rocks of the Proterozoic and Paleozoic groups come to the surface, they are surrounded by young deposits of the Cretaceous and Jurassic systems
4. Continues, as there is a zone of modern volcanism and earthquakes
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The Greater Caucasus is composed of sedimentary sandy-argillaceous rocks and limestones of the Mesozoic and Paleogene age, crumpled into folds. Limestones are especially common in the western part of the Caucasus. In the central part of the axial zone of the mountains, the most stable ancient crystalline rocks come to the surface. Here are all the "five-thousanders" of Russia. They have sharp ridges, peaked peaks, steep, rocky slopes.
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What do peaked peaks, snow caps and steep mountain slopes say?
About the age of the mountains and their height, the mountains are folded
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Find other peaks of the Caucasus.
And in their circle a two-headed colossus, In a crown, shining icy, Elbrus, huge, majestic, Turned white in the blue sky. A.S. Pushkin
Determine the highest point of the Caucasus and Russia
Kazbek - 5033 m, Dykhtau - 5203 m, Shkhara - 5068 m
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Cuesta - ridges, in which one slope is steep and the other is gentle.
The northern slopes of the Caucasus are represented by the Rocky, Pasture and Wooded Ranges. They have asymmetrical slopes. Their southern slopes are steep, while the northern slopes gently descend to Ciscaucasia. These ridges are cuesta.
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To the north of the Central Caucasus, at the junction of mountains with foothills, the magma that rose along the cracks did not pour out to the surface, but formed dome-shaped intrusions - laccoliths. In the relief they are represented by island mountains, the largest of them are Beshtau and Mashuk.
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Laccoliths are failed volcanoes. There are no craters on the tops of these mountains, but inside there is solidified magma in the form of a dome or hemisphere.
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From the north, they are adjoined by the plains of Ciscaucasia, confined mainly to the young Scythian plate. Ciscaucasia has much in common in nature with the southern Russian steppes, including in relief.
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Draw a diagram in a notebook
Landforms MOUNTAINS PLAINS
Tectonic structures
Scythian plate
Cenozoic folding
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In Ciscaucasia - oil, gas, mineral springs. Oil and gas are sedimentary rocks and therefore are located on a plain.
In the Greater Caucasus - polymetallic ores, molybdenum ores, tungsten ores, mercury ores. Formed during volcanic activity.
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Bora is a strong cold wind reaching hurricane speed.
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Föhn is a warm and sometimes hot wind.
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Caucasian Mineral Waters is a resort area in the Caucasus, where there are hundreds of different mineral springs. In this area there are cities - resorts - Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Essentuki, etc.
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In the North Caucasus, resort centers stretch from Anapa to Adler in a continuous chain. The city of Sochi has the warmest winter in Russia with a January temperature of +6 degrees
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The Caucasus Mountains are a popular area for tourism and mountaineering. There are mountain resorts and tourist and sports complexes, climbing bases and camps. The main ski centers are TEBERDA and CHEGET. Major tourist centers are Yeysk, Novorossiysk, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Nalchik, Vladikavkaz.
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Find the rivers on the map: Kuban, Terek, Kuma, Kalaus What current do these rivers flow down from the mountains? What kind of food is typical for the rivers of the Caucasus?
The rivers of the Caucasus are rapids, have destructive power. M.Yu. Lermontov wrote the following lines about the Terek River: ... The Terek howls, wild and vicious Between the rocky plains, Its run is like a storm ...
The rivers are fed by glaciers. Floods are frequent when temperatures rise rapidly.
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Plavni are swampy, reed-covered patches of land.
In the lower reaches of the Kuban and the Terek there are floodplains
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Soils are the wealth of the region. Chernozem and chestnut soils are the best soil types for farming. Plowed area here reaches 80%. Winter wheat and corn, sunflower and sugar beets are grown on endless fields. Rice is grown in the lower reaches of the Kuban. Gardens, orchards, melons and vineyards are everywhere. And the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus is the only region in Russia for the cultivation of subtropical crops, including tea.
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SHIBLYAK - thickets of subtropical summer green shrubs. They usually grow on the site of destroyed forests. The most typical shrub fluffy oak (in place of forests of fluffy oak), derzhiderevo, lilac, barberry, skumpia.
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In the mountains, landforms change very dynamically, one might say, right before our eyes. Under the action of gravity, debris moves from the mountain slopes, soil is carried away by water, sand, clay, snow and ice polish the rocks. The main processes occur on the slopes, and some of them are catastrophic and can cause great trouble for the inhabitants of the mountain valleys.
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All information for this presentation was found in the Yandex search engine
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CAUCASUS All around, to the left and to the right, As if the remains of pyramids, Rising to the sky majestically, The mountain looks from behind the mountain; And far away their five-headed king, Misty, bluish-blue, Frightens with a wonderful height. M.Yu.Lermontov CAUCASUS
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The Caucasian Mineral Waters region is the most picturesque corner of the North Caucasus, located on the northern slopes of the Main Caucasian Range, just 90 kilometers from Elbrus and almost at the same distance between the Black and Caspian Seas. In terms of richness, diversity, quantity and value of mineral waters, this is the only year-round balneological federal resort in the country that has no analogues on the Euro-Asian continent. On a relatively small area of 2000 sq. km. more than 100 sources of mineral water of 13 different types and unique healing mud of the Tambukan lake are concentrated. In the 19th century, resorts of world importance arose on their basis: Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk. Almost all diseases known today are treated here. Resort Pearl of Russia
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Most of the guests of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody come here to improve their health, admire nature, and visit historical sites.
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Features of the geographical position of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, such as the proximity of the Main Caucasian Range, which retains moist air masses from the Black Sea, favorably affect the climate. Most of the time the weather is dry and clear. Summers are warm in the south, and winters are moderately mild. Thanks to this climate, Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is a year-round resort, where there is no off-season period.
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The diversity of the relief creates differences in the climate of each resort town. Kislovodsk, picturesquely located in the foothills of the Caucasus, is famous for its mild temperate climate with a large number of sunny days a year. It seems that nature itself took care of the rest and treatment of people here. Protected by three mountain ranges from winds and fogs, the balneological resort is rightfully called the city of the sun and narzan. On the territory of Kislovodsk there is a Kurortny Park, one of the largest in Europe. Six health path routes with a length of 1700 to 6000 m pass through the most picturesque places in the city. KISLOVODSK
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In Essentuki, the climate is more contrasting: summers are dry and hot, and winters are somewhat colder than in other resorts. The city is located in the south of the Stavropol Upland, at an altitude of 650 m, in the valley of the Podkumok River. The resort occupies the northern part of the city. From the north and south, extensive resort parks adjoin it, in which pump rooms of mineral waters, many medical institutions are located, and health path routes are marked. Essentuki
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The climate of Zheleznovodsk corresponds to the moderately dry climate of the middle mountains of the Alps. The city is located in the south of the Stavropol Upland, in the foothills of the Greater Caucasus, at an altitude of 600-650 meters above sea level, on the southern slope of Mount Zheleznaya. It is sunny here, but greenery and blowing winds moderate the summer heat. In the picturesque resort forest park, the only one of natural origin in the CMS, there are paths of three health path routes from 800 to 8000 m. Near Zheleznovodsk are the Beshtau, Medovaya, Razvalka and Ostraya mountains. Zheleznovodsk
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Pyatigorsk is located in the south of the Stavropol Territory, in a relatively open area along the southern and southwestern slopes of Mount Mashuk, on the left bank of the Podkumok River at an altitude of 510 meters above sea level. The mild mountain-forest climate of Pyatigorye allows you to take vacationers all year round. Pyatigorsk
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We can learn a lot of interesting things about the rich fauna of the Caucasian Reserve, which is a World Natural Heritage Site, by visiting the AVIATION COMPLEX for wild animals at the protected cordon Laura. Encounters with animals will give you joyful moments. Having touched the world of wildlife with your soul and heart, admiring the beautiful mountain landscapes, you will have a great rest
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COAST OF THE BLACK SEA WESTERN CAUCASUS Modern Sochi stretches along the eastern coast of the Black Sea for 145 km. Mountain peaks close the city from cold northern and eastern winds. The city consists of 4 districts: Adler, Khostinsky, Central and Lazarevsky. The climate of Sochi is one of a kind: these are the northernmost subtropics in the world, adjacent to eternal ice. The average air temperature on the coast from April to November is about +18 (C (up to +35 (C) in summer), and about +7 (C) in the cold period, the water temperature in the swimming season from May to October is +19 (C to + 25(St. Sochi is the warmest place in Russia
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In 1935, in the highest place (663 meters above sea level), near the ruins of an ancient Byzantine temple, according to the project of architect S.I. Vorobyov, in 108 days, a 30-meter tower was built from local, natural limestone. It carries a collective image of the Caucasian defensive towers. In the same year, a 12-kilometer asphalt road was laid here in 122 days. ATTRACTIONS 1. Akhun Tower
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Arboretum DENDRARIUM is a world-famous museum of wildlife, which contains more than 1800 species and forms of woody and shrubby plants from all continents of the Earth.
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The Caucasian State Natural Biosphere Reserve is the second largest forest reserve in Europe, a unique corner of our planet in terms of the richness of nature. It occupies an area of 280,335 hectares, located on the northern and southern slopes of the Western Caucasus, on the lands of the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Adygea and the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. Sochi National Park adjoins its southern border.
