Independent work in physics number. Independent work in physics

This manual fully complies with the federal state educational standard (second generation).
The publication is intended to test the knowledge of students in the 9th grade physics course. It is focused on the textbook by A. V. Peryshkin, E. M. Gutnik “Physics. Grade 9" and contains tests on all topics studied in Grade 9, as well as independent work.
Test papers are given in four versions, each option includes tasks of three levels, which corresponds to the forms of tasks used in the exam.
The manual will help to quickly identify gaps in knowledge and is addressed to both physics teachers and students for self-control.

Task examples:

SR-4. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion.
Acceleration
OPTION #1
1. The sled rolled down the snowy hill with uniform acceleration. Their speed at the end of the descent is 12 m/s. Descent time 6 s. With what acceleration did the movement occur if the descent began from a state of rest?
2. The skier rolls down the hill, moving in a straight line and uniformly accelerated. During the descent, the skier's speed increased by 7.5 m/s. The skier's acceleration is 0.5 m/s2. How long is the descent?
3. A motorcycle, starting off, moves with an acceleration of 3 m/s2. What is the speed of the motorcycle after 4 seconds?

Table of contents
Chapter 1. Laws of interaction and motion of bodies.
Kinematics.
INDEPENDENT WORKS.
CP-I. Move.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-2. Determining the coordinates of a moving body.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-3. Movement with rectilinear uniform motion
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-4. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion - Acceleration.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR 5. Speed ​​of rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion.
Speed ​​chart.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR 6. Movement of the body in a rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-7. Movement of the body In a rectilinear uniformly accelerated movement without initial speed.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-8. Path in the nth second.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-9. Relativity of motion.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
TEST.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
Option number 3.
Option number 4.
INDEPENDENT WORKS.
SR10. Inertial reference systems. Newton's first law.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
CP11 Newton's second law.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-12. Newton's third law.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR13. Free fire.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR14. The movement of a body thrown vertically upwards.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR15. The law of universal gravitation.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
CP16. Acceleration of free fall on the Earth and other celestial bodies.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
PSA. Gravity (review).
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-18. Elastic force (review).
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-19. Weight (repeat).
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-20. Sliding friction force (review).
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-21, Rectilinear and curvilinear motion. Movement along a circle with a constant modulo speed.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR 22. Artificial satellites of the Earth.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-23. body momentum.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-24. Law of conservation of momentum.
Option number 1.
Option. No. 2.
SR-25. Jet propulsion. Rockets.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-26. mechanical energy. Its types (review).
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-27. Derivation of the law of conservation of mechanical energy.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
TEST.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
Option number 3.
Option number 4.
Chapter 2. Mechanical oscillations and waves, sound.
INDEPENDENT WORKS.
SR-28. Quantities characterizing the oscillatory motion. Harmonic vibrations.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-29. The transformation of energy during oscillatory motion.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-30. damped vibrations. Forced vibrations. Resonance.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-31. Propagation of vibrations in a medium. Waves.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-32. Wavelength. Wave propagation speed.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-33. Sound sources. Sound vibrations. Pitch, timbre and loudness of sound.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-34. Sound propagation. Sound waves.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-35. Sound reflection. sound resonance.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
TEST.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
Option number 3.
Option number 4.
Chapter 3. Electromagnetic field.
INDEPENDENT WORKS.
SR-36. A magnetic field.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-37. Inhomogeneous and uniform magnetic field.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
Table of contents
SR-38. The direction of the current and the direction of the lines of its magnetic field
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-39. Detection of a magnetic field by its effect on an electric current. Left hand rule.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-40. Magnetic field induction.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-41. magnetic flux.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-42, The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
CP 43. Direction of the induction bale. Lenz's rule.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-44. The manifestation of self-induction.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-45. Receiving and transmitting alternating electric current.
Transformer.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-46. Electromagnetic field.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-47. Electromagnetic waves.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-48. Oscillatory circuit.
Obtaining electromagnetic oscillations.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-49. electromagnetic nature of light.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-50. Light refraction.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
CP 51. The physical meaning of the refractive index.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR52. dispersion of light. Phone colors. Types of optical spectra.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-53. Absorption and emission of light by atoms. Origin
line spectra.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
TEST.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
Option number 3.
Option number 4.
Chapter 4. The structure of the atom and the atomic nucleus. Use of the energy of atomic nuclei.
INDEPENDENT WORKS.
SR-54. Radioactivity.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-55. Models of atoms.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-56. Radioactive transformations of atomic nuclei.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-57. Nuclear reactions.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-58. Nuclear forces. Communication energy. mass defect.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
TEST.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
Option number 3.
Option number 4.
Chapter 5. Structure and evolution of the Universe.
INDEPENDENT WORKS.
SR-59. Composition, structure and origin of the solar system.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-60. Large planets of the solar system.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
SR-61. Small bodies of the solar system.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
TEST.
Option number 1.
Option number 2.
Option number 3.
Option number 4.
ANSWERS.

Control and independent work in physics. Grade 9 to the textbook Peryshkina A.V., Gutnik E.M. - Gromtseva O.I.

6th ed., trans. and additional - M.: 2017. - 1 60s. 5th ed., trans. and additional - M.: 2015. - 1 60s. M.: 2010. - 1 60s.

This manual fully complies with the federal state educational standard (second generation). The publication is intended to test the knowledge of students in the 9th grade physics course. It is focused on the textbook by A. V. Peryshkin, E. M. Gutnik “Physics. Grade 9" and contains tests on all topics studied in Grade 9, as well as independent work. Test papers are given in four versions, each option includes multi-level tasks, the structure of which is similar to the format of the OGE and the USE. The manual will help to quickly identify gaps in knowledge and is addressed to both physics teachers and students for self-control.

Format: pdf(2017, 6th ed., 160p.)

The size: 2.5 MB

Watch, download: drive.google

Format: pdf(2015, 5th ed., 160p.)

The size: 3 MB

Watch, download: drive.google

Format: pdf(2010, 160s.)

The size: 3.8 MB

Watch, download: drive.google

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1. Laws of interaction and motion of bodies 7
Kinematics 7
INDEPENDENT WORK 7
SR-1. Material point. Reference system 7
SR-2. Move 8
SR-3. Determining the coordinates of a moving body 9
SR-4. Movement with rectilinear uniform motion 10
SR-5. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion. Acceleration 11
SR-6. The speed of rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion. Speed ​​Graph 12
SR 7. Movement of the body during rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion 14
SR-8. Movement of a body during rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion without initial speed 15
SR-9. Way in nth second 16
SR-10. Relativity of motion 17
CONTROL WORK 18
Option number 1 18
Option number 2 21
Option #3". 23
Option number 4 26
Dynamics 29
INDIVIDUAL WORK 29
SR-11. Inertial reference systems. Newton's first law 29
SR-12. Newton's second law 30
SR-13. Newton's third law 31
SR-14. Free fall bodies 32
SR-15. The movement of a body thrown vertically upwards. Weightlessness 33
SR-16. Law of gravity 34
SR-17. Acceleration of free fall on the Earth and other celestial bodies 35
SR-18. Gravity (review) 36
SR-19. Resilience (repeat) 37
SR-20. Weight (rep) 39
CP 21. Sliding friction force (review) 40
SR-22. Rectilinear and curvilinear motion. Movement of a body in a circle with a constant modulo speed 41
SR-23. Artificial satellites of the Earth 42
SR-24. Body impulse 43
SR-25. Law of conservation of momentum 44
SR-26. Jet propulsion. Rockets 45
SR 27. Mechanical energy. Its types (review) 46
SR-28. Derivation of the law of conservation of mechanical energy 47
CONTROL WORK 48
Option number 1 48
Option number 2 51
Option number 3 54
Option number 4 57
Chapter 2. Mechanical oscillations and waves. Sound 59
INDEPENDENT WORK 59
SR-29. oscillatory movement. Free vibrations. Quantities characterizing the oscillatory motion. Harmonic vibrations 59
SR-30. Transformation of energy during oscillatory motion 61
SR-31. damped vibrations. Forced vibrations. Resonance 62
SR-32. Propagation of vibrations in a medium. Waves 63
SR-33. Wavelength. Wave speed 64
SR-34. Sound sources. Sound vibrations. Pitch, tone and volume 65
SR-35. Sound propagation. Sound waves 66
SR-36. Sound reflection. Sound Resonance 67
CONTROL WORK 68
Option M° 1 68
Option number 2 70
Option M° 3 73
Option number 4 75
Chapter 3. Electromagnetic field 78
INDEPENDENT WORK 78
SR-37. Magnetic field 78
SR-38. Inhomogeneous and uniform magnetic field 80
SR 39. Direction of the current and the direction of the lines of its magnetic field 81
SR-40. Detection of a magnetic field by its effect on an electric current. Left Hand Rule 82
SR-41. Magnetic field induction 84
SR-42. Magnetic flux 85
CP 43. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction 87
SR-44. The direction of the induction current. Lenz's Rule 89
SR-45. The phenomenon of self-induction 91
SR-46. Receiving and transmitting alternating electric current. Transformer 92
SR-47. Electromagnetic field 93
SR-48. Electromagnetic waves 94
SR-49. Oscillatory circuit. Obtaining electromagnetic oscillations. Principles of radio communication and television 95
SR-50. Electromagnetic nature of light, 97
SR-51. Refraction of light 98
SR-52. The physical meaning of the refractive index 99
SR-53. dispersion of light. Phone colors. Types of optical spectra 100
SR-54. Absorption and emission of light by atoms. Origin of line spectra 102
CONTROL WORK 103
Option number 1 103
Option number 2 107
Option number 3 111
Option number 4 115
Chapter 4. The structure of the atom and the atomic nucleus. Use of the energy of atomic nuclei 119
INDIVIDUAL WORK 119
SR-55. Radioactivity. Models of atoms 119
SR 56. Radioactive transformations of atomic nuclei. Experimental methods for studying particles. Discovery of the proton and neutron 120
SR-57. The composition of the atomic nucleus. Nuclear forces. Communication energy. Mass defect 121
SR-58. Fission of uranium nuclei. Chain reaction. Nuclear reactor. Converting the internal energy of atomic nuclei into electrical energy. Nuclear power 123
SR 59. The biological effect of radiation. Law of radioactive decay. Thermonuclear reaction 125
CONTROL WORK 127
Option number 1 127
Option number 2 130
Option number 3 132
Option No. 4 135
Chapter 5. Structure and evolution of the Universe 138
INDEPENDENT WORK 138
SR-60. Composition, structure and origin of the solar system 138
SR-61. Large planets of the solar system 139
SR-62. Small bodies of the solar system 140
CONTROL WORK 141
Option number 1 141
Option number 2 143
Option number 3 145
Option number 4 147
ANSWERS 154

“Nuclear forces. Communication energy. mass defect.

Option 1.

1. Determine the deuterium isotope nuclear mass defect 2 1 N (heavy hydrogen). The mass of a proton is approximately equal to 1.0073 amu, a neutron 1.0087 amu, a deuterium nucleus 2.0141 amu, 1 amu = 1.66 * 10-27 kg.

2. Determine the binding energy of the lithium nucleus 6 3 Li. The mass of a proton is approximately equal to 1.0073 amu, a neutron 1.0087 amu, a lithium nucleus 6.0151 amu. 1a.u.m.=1.66*10-27 kg, and the speed of light is c=3*10 8 m/s.

Option 2.

1. Determine the mass defect of the helium nucleus 4 2 Not (α particle). The mass of a proton is approximately equal to 1.0073 amu, a neutron 1.0087 amu, a helium nucleus 4.0026 amu. 1a.u.m.=1.66*10-27 kg.

2. Determine the binding energy of the carbon nucleus 12 6 C. The mass of a proton is approximately 1.0073 amu, a neutron 1.0087 amu, a carbon nucleus 12.0000 amu, 1amu=1.66* ten-27 kg, and the speed of light is c=3*10 8 m/s.

Independent work on the topic "Artificial satellites of the Earth."

Option 1.

1. Determine the first space velocity for a Mercury satellite flying at a low altitude if the mass of the planet is 3.26 * 10 23 kg, and the radius is 2.42 * 10 6 m.

2. Supergiant Antares has a mass of 10 32 kg, and the radius is 2.28 * 10 11 m. Determine the first space velocity for the Antares satellite flying at a low altitude.

3. How will the first space velocity of the satellite change if the radius of its orbit increases by 9 times?

Option 2.

1. Determine the first space velocity for the satellite of Jupiter flying at a low altitude, if the mass of the planet is 1.9 * 10 27 kg, and the radius is 7.13 * 10 7 m.

2. Determine the first escape velocity for a satellite of the Sun moving at a low altitude. Mass of the Sun 2*10 30 kg, and its radius is 6.96 * 10 8 m

3. How will the first cosmic velocity of the satellite change if it moves away from the surface of the planet to a height equal to three radii?

Independent work on the topic "Structure of the atom".

  1. What is the composition of a sulfur atom?
  2. An atom has taken 10 electrons. What is the charge of the resulting ion?
  3. Two balls with charges -10nC and 4nC brought into contact. What is the charge on the balls after the balls have been moved apart?
  4. A negatively charged drop of oil is in equilibrium between the plates of a capacitor. The charge of the droplet is negative. What charge do the plates of a capacitor have? Draw the forces acting on the droplet.

Independent work on the topic "Newton's Second Law".

Option 1.

  1. With what acceleration will a body of mass 400 g move under the action of a single force of 8 N?
  2. The left figure shows the velocity and acceleration vectors of the body. Which of the four vectors in the right figure indicates the direction of the force acting on this body?
  3. A constant force of 6 N is applied to a motionless body with a mass of 20 kg. What speed does the body acquire in 15 s?

Option 2.

  1. Going down the hill, the sled with the boy slows down with an acceleration of 1.5 m/s 2 . determine the magnitude of the braking force if the total mass of the boy and the sled is 40 kg.
  2. The left figure shows the velocity vector and the force vector acting on this body. Which of the four vectors in the right figure indicates the direction of this body's vector?
  3. A force of 0.1 N acts on a body weighing 200 g for 5 s. What speed does the body acquire during this time?

Independent work on the topic "Momentum of the body."

Option 1.

  1. The left figure shows the velocity and acceleration vectors of the body. Which of the four vectors in the right figure indicates the direction of the body's momentum?
  2. The momentum of the car is 100,000 kg.m/s. What is the mass of the car if its speed is 36 km/h.
  3. A cart filled with sand rolls at a speed of 1 m/s along a horizontal path without friction. A ball of mass 2 kg flies towards the cart. With a horizontal speed of 7 m/s. The ball, after hitting the sand, gets stuck in it. With what absolute speed will the cart roll after the collision with the ball? The mass of the trolley is 10 kg.

Option 2.

  1. The figure shows the trajectory of a ball thrown at an angle to the horizon. Where is the momentum of the ball directed at the highest point of the trajectory? Air resistance is negligible.
  2. A passenger car weighing 1 ton has an impulse of 20,000 kg.m/s. How fast is the car moving?
  3. Two inelastic balls of masses 6 kg and 4 kg move towards each other with velocities of 8 m/s and 3 m/s, respectively, directed along one straight line. With what modulo speed will they move after a completely inelastic collision?

Independent work on the topic "Ohm's Law".

Option 1.

1. Determine the resistance of an electric lamp, the current strength of which is 0.5 A at a voltage of 120 V.

2. Determine the resistance of a nichrome wire 40 m long and with a cross-sectional area of ​​​​0.5 mm 2 (special resistance of nichrome 1.1 Ohm * mm 2 /m).

3. Determine the length of the nickel wire if, with a voltage at its ends of 45 V, the current strength is 2.25 A. The cross-sectional area is 1 mm 2 (specific resistance of nickel 0.4 ohm *mm 2 /m)

Option 2.

1. Determine the current strength in the electric stove spiral, which has a resistance of 44 ohms, if the mains voltage is 220 V.

2. Wire 120 m long and 0.5 mm cross-sectional area 2 has a resistance of 96 ohms. What material is the wire made of?

3. Calculate the strength of the current passing through a copper wire 100 m long and with a cross-sectional area of ​​​​0.5 mm 2 at a voltage of 6.8 V. (Specific resistance of copper 0.017 Ohm * mm 2 /m).

Independent work on the topic "Magnetic field induction".

Option 1

  1. What is the induction of the magnetic field in which a force of 0.4 N acts on a conductor 2 m long? The current in the conductor is 10 A. The conductor is located perpendicular to the induction of the magnetic field.
  2. With what force does a magnetic field with an induction of 0.06 T act on a conductor 10 m long? The current in the conductor is 40 A. The field induction lines and the current are mutually perpendicular.

Option 2

  1. A straight conductor was placed in a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the lines of magnetic induction, through which a current of 4 A flows. Determine the induction of this field if it acts with a force of 0.02 N for every 5 cm of the length of the conductor.
  2. With what force does a magnetic field with an induction of 0.03 TL act on a conductor 20 cm long? The current in the conductor is 50 A. The field induction lines and the current are mutually perpendicular.
  3. Determine the nature of the interaction of two parallel currents (see figure)

Independent work on the theme "Free fall".

Option 1.

  1. A stone begins to fall freely from a high sheer cliff. What speed will it have after 4 s after the start of the fall?
  2. A body falls freely from a height of 80 m. How long will the fall take?
  3. A stone was thrown vertically from the surface of the earth, and after 4 s it fell back to the ground. Determine the initial speed of the stone.

Option 2.

  1. A stone is thrown vertically downwards from a certain height with an initial velocity of 1 m/s. What will be the speed of the stone 0.6 s after the throw?
  2. The ball falls freely from the balcony within 2 s. How high is the balcony?
  3. A body is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. Determine the speed of the body 0.6 s after the start of movement.

Independent work on the topic "Uniformly accelerated motion."

Option 1.

  1. A skier slides down a hill moving in a straight line and with uniform acceleration. During the descent, the skier's speed increased by 7.5 m/s. Skier acceleration 0.5m/s 2 . How long did the descent take?
  2. A car moving away moves with an acceleration of 3 m/s 2 . Determine the speed of the car at the end of 7s.
  3. The skier moved down the hill in 6s, moving with an acceleration of 0.4m/s 2 . Determine the length of the slide if it is known that at the beginning of the descent the skier's speed was 5 m/s.

Option 2.

  1. How long does it take for a car to move with an acceleration of 1.6 m/s 2 , will increase its speed from 11 m/s to 19 m/s?
  2. The cyclist moves downhill with an acceleration of 0.3 m/s 2 . What speed will the cyclist acquire after 12 seconds if his initial speed was 4 m/s?
  3. A trolley with a speed of 7.2 km/h starts moving with an acceleration of 0.25 m/s 2 . How far will the cart be after 20 seconds?

Independent work on the topic "Movement in a circle."

Option 1.

1. The body moves uniformly in a circle in a clockwise direction. Which arrow indicates the direction of the velocity vector during such a movement?

2. A car on a bend moves along a circle with a radius of 16 m at a constant speed of 36 km/h. What is the centripetal acceleration?

3. The train is moving at a speed of 72 km/h on a curve in the road. Determine the radius of the arc if the centripetal acceleration of the train is 0.5 m/s 2 .

Option 2.

1. The body moves uniformly in a circle in a clockwise direction. Which arrow indicates the direction of the acceleration vector during such a movement?

2. The car moves along a curve of the road with a radius of 20 m with a centripetal acceleration of 5 m/s 2 . Determine the speed of the car?

3. A body moves in a circle with a radius of 45 m at a constant speed of 108 km/h. What is the centripetal acceleration of the body?

Independent work on the topic

"A magnetic field. Left hand rule.

Option 1.

1. The figure shows the conductor and the direction of the magnetic line. Determine the direction of the current (Fig. 1).

2. Current flows from us through the conductor. Determine the direction of the magnetic line of this current (Fig. 2).

3. In a uniform magnetic field, the lines of which are directed away from us, they placed a conductor with current. Determine the direction of the force acting on the conductor (Fig. 3).

4. In a magnetic field, the lines of which are directed at us, a positively charged particle flies in. Determine the direction of the force acting on it (Fig. 4).

Option 2.

1. The figure shows a conductor connected to a current source. Determine the direction of the magnetic line (Fig. 1).

2. The figure shows the conductor and the direction of the magnetic line. Determine the direction of the current (Fig. 2).

3. A conductor with current was placed in the space between the poles of the magnet. Where will the force acting on the conductor be directed (Fig. 3)?

4. A negatively charged particle flies into a magnetic field whose lines are directed away from us. Determine the direction of the force acting on it (Fig. 4).

Independent work on the topic "Free fall acceleration".

Option 1.

1. Two identical balls are at a distance of 10 cm from each other and are attracted with a force of 6.67 * 10-15 H. What is the mass of each ball?

2. Determine the free fall acceleration on the surface of Venus if its mass is 4.88 * 10 24 kg, and the radius is 6.1 * 10 6 m.

3. What force of gravity acts on kerosene with a volume of 18.75 liters? Density of kerosene 800kg/m 3 .

Option 2.

  1. At what distance will the force of attraction between two bodies weighing 2 tons each be equal to 6.67 * 10-9 N?
  2. Determine the free fall acceleration on the surface of Mars if its mass is 6.43 * 10 23 kg, and the radius is 3.38 * 10 6 m.

3. On some planet, the force of gravity acting on a body with a mass of 4 kg is 80 N. Based on these data, determine the free fall acceleration on the planet



Until recently, the final assessment of 9th grade students in physics in our school was carried out in the traditional form, that is, by tickets. However, in the near future, it is planned to conduct the entire final certification in the form of a unified state exam. Therefore, it is necessary to devote time to prepare students for these activities.

The introduction of tests in the form of tests corresponding to the USE format showed that students were not ready for this type of control. This is due to the fact that during the 7th and 8th grades, one of the main ways of studying physical phenomena and developing knowledge for them was solving problems in the traditional form: with a brief record of the condition, recording the mathematical relationships between the desired value and the initial data, translating units, etc. Of course, in the future it will be necessary to change the approach to teaching physics in these classes, partially or completely replacing tasks for memorizing a particular formula, control and measuring materials with tests in which the logic of creating USE tests can be traced. But for today's ninth graders, there is a problem of quickly (as far as possible) “getting used to” such types of control. In this regard, the author of the article plans to introduce independent work in the form of a three-level test along with the usual “task” options.

To organize this type of activity, there is a large amount of literature that offers control and measuring materials for any classes and sections of the physics course. But a detailed analysis of these works and the statistics of their application in our school indicate that not every such work is applicable without a preliminary test. In this regard, the author considers it necessary to study the tests before using them in the classroom.

Structure of independent work

Independent work in the form of a test contains the following parts:

  1. Part A. Solving these tasks, the student must choose one correct answer out of four. Put a cross in the corresponding position on the answer sheet.
  2. Part B. Part B assignments require write down correct answer. As a rule, in the USE questions from Part B, it is required to write down the answer by first rounding it up or getting rid of the multiplier with the degree, etc. In training independent work, we do not do this and write down the result with units of measurement.
  3. Part C. In part C you need provide a complete solution to the problem following the steps of the solution:
  • a short record of the condition;
  • conversion of units to SI (if required);
  • drawing (for tasks that deal with vector quantities, a drawing is required);
  • writing the basic equations that describe this phenomenon or linking the initial data and the result of the solution;
  • derivation of the solution method or solving the problem “in parts”;
  • substitution of initial data and calculation of the result;
  • presentation of the final answer.

The distribution of questions by difficulty levels corresponds to the modern classification of knowledge levels:

  1. Recognition. For the correct decision, the student must compare his own knowledge with the information contained in the question (choose the correct spelling of the formula, the correct definition, the schedule corresponding to the process, etc.). As a rule, these tasks are the easiest and most achievable, since even students who pay insufficient attention to homework find in their memory an image of information that matches the question.
  2. Playback. This level requires students to retrieve the information they have in memory. Tasks of this type require the test-taker to complete the definition, match the formula and its verbal reading, etc.
  3. Application. The answer to the question of this level involves the use of learned formulas, laws, definitions from this topic. Usually these are computational tasks or situations in which it is necessary to explain the specifics of the phenomenon. Such tasks are considered in large numbers in the lessons of application of knowledge, repetition and generalization.
  4. Application in a changed situation. To solve problems of this type, in addition to knowledge from the current topic, the student must apply knowledge of their other sections of physics, mathematical knowledge, and information from other related sciences.

The same task can be completed by different students in different amounts of time, so traditional test materials contain several levels differentiated by complexity. The author singled out two levels of complexity of the works (which, in his opinion, correspond to teaching physics in an adaptive school) and conventionally named them as follows: “3-4” and “4-5”. “3-4” - control and measuring materials for students who do not plan to study physics in the future and for those who have an overall level of performance below average. “4-5” - tasks for students studying physics additionally.

  • tasks of part A - questions in which the recognition of the studied material and its reproduction predominate;
  • tasks of part B - tasks in 1 - 2 actions;
  • tasks of part C - tasks in more than 2 actions.
  • coverage of most issues of the studied topic (section, paragraph);
  • tasks of part A - questions in which the reproduction of the studied material and the application of knowledge in tasks with one action predominate;
  • tasks of part B - tasks in 2 - 3 actions;
  • tasks of part C - tasks in more than 3 actions, for the solution of which the student must be fluent in mathematical techniques for converting expressions, reading graphs, etc.

Consider one of the control measures in the form of a test, the structure of which corresponds to the structure of the USE.

Independent work on the topic “Uniform rectilinear motion”

Level “3 – 4”

Part A

A1. The material point is...

  1. a body that is small in size;
  2. a body that moves in a straight line and uniformly;
  3. a body whose dimensions can be neglected under the conditions of this problem;
  4. body, spherical shape.

A2. Which of the following physical quantities is a vector?

  1. way;
  2. time;
  3. speed;
  4. coordinate.

A3. A ball falling vertically from a height of 3 m bounced off the floor and was caught at a height of 1 m. The displacement of the ball is ...

A4. The distance traveled by the ball is...

A5. With what average speed does an athlete run if he runs a distance of 60 m in 10 seconds?

  1. 6 m/s;
  2. 10 m/s;
  3. 60 m/s;
  4. 600 m/s.

Part B

IN 1. The material point moves according to the law: x = -25 + 10t. Determine the movement of the body in 1 minute.

IN 2. A cyclist is moving at a speed of 8 m/s. The speed of a boy running towards the ground is 4 m/s. How far will the cyclist travel in 15 seconds relative to the boy's frame of reference?

Part C

C1. The movement of two material points is described by the equations: x 1 =2-6t and x 2 =-5+8t. Determine the place and time of the meeting of these bodies.

Form of correct answers

Job complexity analysis

question number Level Required knowledge and skills
A1 material recognition
A2 material recognition vector and scalar quantities
A3 application of knowledge addition of vectors directed along one straight line
A4 reproduction of knowledge addition of line segments
A5 application of knowledge speed detection
IN 1 application of knowledge physical meaning of the coefficient at the argument of a linear function, displacement calculation
IN 2 application of knowledge displacement calculation, displacement addition
With application of knowledge physical meaning of the coefficient at the argument, solution of the linear equation

Level “4 – 5”

Part A

A1. Which of the following bodies cannot be considered a material point?

  1. Aircraft during the flight Moscow-Vladivostok;
  2. Earth when calculating the length of the equator;
  3. Earth when calculating the average orbital speed;
  4. The bullet of a Kalashnikov assault rifle when calculating the range of its flight.

A2. What is the displacement of a car that, having left the garage, traveled 300 m, then, turning 90 degrees, traveled another 400 m?

  1. 300 m;
  2. 400 m;
  3. 500 m;
  4. 700 m

A3. The car traveled 80 km in 1 hour and 40 minutes. Determine its average speed.

  1. 48 km/h;
  2. 36 km/h;
  3. 80 km/h;
  4. 140 km/h.

A4. The graph shows the dependence of the coordinate of a material point on time. The starting coordinate of the point is...

  1. 16 m;
  2. 12 m;

A5. The speed of a material point is...

  1. 4 m/s;
  2. 2 m/s;
  3. 10 m/s;
  4. 14 m/s.

Part B

IN 1. At the initial moment of time, the body was at a point with coordinates x 1 \u003d - 1 m and y 1 \u003d 5 m. Then the body moved to a point with coordinates x 2 \u003d 3 m and y 2 \u003d 2 m. Find the modulus of the body displacement vector.

IN 2. A cyclist traveling at a speed of 8 km/h travels half the distance in a certain amount of time. At what speed must he move in order to reach his destination and return back in the same time?

Part C

C1. The plane, starting from the airport, keeps heading north, flying at a speed of 720 km / h. What will be the displacement modulus of the aircraft for 2 hours after the start of the flight, if during the flight the west wind blows at a speed of 10 m/s?

Form of correct answers

Job complexity analysis

question number Level Required knowledge and skills
A1 reproduction of knowledge determination of a material point
A2 application of knowledge sum of vectors and properties of a right triangle
A3 application of knowledge conversion of units, calculation of movement speed
A4 application of knowledge reading the graph of a linear function and determining the physical meaning of its characteristic points
A5 application of knowledge reading the graph and applying speed detection
IN 1 application of knowledge coordinates and modulus of the displacement vector
IN 2 application of knowledge concept of average speed, true equality transformation
With application of knowledge conversion of units, determination of speed, modulus of the resulting displacement vector

On the basis of a single test, it is impossible to say how much time it will take for students to solve both groups of the considered tasks. The author, when compiling tests, planned to give students 20 minutes to solve them. Students completed this time frame. However, this result cannot be considered reliable, since tasks of this kind were used in the ninth grade for the first time. In addition, the school where the author works does not have parallel ninth grades, which makes it impossible to collect statistical material at once.

It is impossible to include tasks in a short independent work, the solution of which involves the application of knowledge in a new or changed situation. Such tasks should be included in the control work, since more time is allotted for their implementation.

This manual fully complies with the new educational standard (second generation). The book is intended to test the knowledge of students in the 10th grade physics course. The publication is focused on working with any physics textbook from the Federal List of Textbooks and contains tests on all topics studied in the 10th grade, as well as independent work in two versions. Control works are given in five versions, and each option includes tasks of three levels, which corresponds to the forms of tasks used in the exam. The manual will help to quickly identify gaps in knowledge and is addressed to both physics teachers and students for self-control.

Examples.
The passenger moves at a speed of 2 m/s relative to the train car in the direction of its movement. The speed of the train relative to the ground is 54 km/h. How fast is a person moving relative to the ground?

Moving up against the current of the river, a motorboat for some time t passes a distance of 6 km relative to the coast. The speed of the river is 4 times less than the speed of the boat relative to the water. The boat turns around and starts moving downstream. How far will it travel relative to the shore in the same time t?

A swimmer crosses a river 225 m wide. The speed of the river is 1.2 m/s. The swimmer's speed relative to the water is 1.5 m/s and is directed perpendicular to the current velocity vector. How far will the swimmer be carried by the current by the time he reaches the opposite shore?

Content
KINEMATICS
INDEPENDENT WORK 10
SR-1. Mechanical motion and its relativity. Material point 10
Option number 1 10
Option number 2 10
SR-2. Trajectory. Way. Moving 11
Option number 1 11
Option number 2 11
SR-3. Uniform rectilinear motion 12
Option number 1 12
Option number 2 12
SR-4. Speed ​​addition rule 13
Option number 1 13
Option number 2 13
SR-5. Relative speed 14
Option number 1 14
Option number 2 14
SR-6. Uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion (acceleration, motion time and instantaneous speed) 15
Option number 1 15
Option number 2 » 15
SR-7. Uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion (displacement) 16
Option number 1 16
Option number 2 16
SR-8. Uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion (equation of coordinates, displacement and speed) 17
Option number 1 17
Option number 2 17
SR-9. Curves of kinematic quantities 18
Option number 1 18
Option number 2 19
SR-10. Free fall (vertical throw) 20
Option number 1 20
Option number 2 20
СР-11 Movement along a circle with a constant modulo speed 21
Option number 1 21
Option number 2 21
SR-12. Centripetal acceleration 22
Option number 1 22
Option number 2 22
SR-13. Free fall (horizontal throw, angled throw) 23
Option number 1 23
Option number 2 23
CONTROL WORK 24
Option number 1 24
Option number 2 26
Option number 3 28
Option number 4 30
Option number 5 32
DYNAMICS
INDEPENDENT WORK 34
SR-14. Inertia. Newton's first law. Inertial reference systems. Weight. Density 34
Option number 1 34
Option number 2 34
SR-15. Force. Newton's second law 35
Option number 1 35
Option number 2 35
SR-16. The principle of superposition of forces 36
Option number 1 36
Option number 2 36
SR-17. Newton's third law 37
Option number 1 37
Option number 2 37
SR-18. Force of gravity 38
Option number 1 38
Option number 2 38
SR-19. Gravity 39
Option number 1 39
Option number 2 39
SR-20. Gravity Acceleration 40
Option number 1 40
Option number 2 40
SR-21. First space speed 41
Option number 1 41
Option number 2 41
SR-22. Period 42
Option number 1 42
Option number 2 42
SR-23. Elastic force 43
Option number 1 43
Option number 2 43
SR-24. Friction force 44
Option number 1 44
Option number 2 44
SR-25. Application of Newton's second law 45
Option number 1 45
Option number 2 45
SR-26. Driving on an inclined plane 46
Option number 1 46
Option number 2 46
SR-27. Body weight. Weightlessness. Overload 47
Option number 1 47
Option number 2 47
SR-28. Movement of connected bodies 48
Option number 1 48
Option number 2 48
SR-29. Circular dynamics 49
Option number 1 49
Option number 2 49
CONTROL WORK 50
Option number 1 50
Option number 2 52
Option number 3 54
Option number 4 56
Option number 5 58
STATICS. HYDROSTATICS
INDEPENDENT WORK 60
SR-30. Moment of force 60
Option number 1 60
Option number 2 61
СР 31. Lever equilibrium condition. Center of gravity 62
Option number 1 62
Option number 2 62
SR-32. Solid body pressure 63
Option number 1 63
Option number 2 63
SR-33. Fluid pressure 64
Option number 1 64
Option number 2 64
SR-34. Pascal's Law 65
Option number 1 65
Option number 2 65
SR-35. Archimedean force g 66
Option number 1 66
Option number 2 66
SR-36. Bodies floating condition 67
Option number 1 67
Option number 2 67
CONTROL WORK 68
Option number 1 68
Option number 2 70
Option number 3 72
Option number 4 74
Option number 5 76
CONSERVATION LAWS IN MECHANICS
INDEPENDENT WORK 78
SR-37. Body impulse 78
Option number 1 78
Option number 2 78
SR-38. Change in momentum of bodies 79
Option number 1 79
Option number 2 79
SR-39. Impulse of the system tel. Law of conservation of momentum 80
Option number 1 80
Option number 2 80
SR-40. Force work 81
Option number 1 81
Option number 2 81
SR-41. Power 82
Option number 1 82
Option number 2 82
SR-42. Kinetic energy 83
Option number 1 83
Option number 2 83
SR-43. Potential energy of a body raised above the Earth 84
Option number 1 84
Option number 2 84
SR-44. Potential energy of an elastically deformed spring 85
Option number 1 85
Option number 2 85
SR-45. Law of conservation of mechanical energy 86
Option number 1 86
Option number 2 86
SR-46. simple mechanisms. mechanism efficiency 87
Option number 1 87
Option number 2 87
CONTROL WORK 88
Option number 1 88
Option number 2 90
Option number 3 92
Option number 4 94
Option number 5 96
MECHANICAL OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES
INDEPENDENT WORK 98
СР-4 7. Harmonic vibrations 98
Option number 1 98
Option number 2 98
SR-48. Math pendulum 99
Option number 1 99
Option number 2 99
SR-49. Spring pendulum 100
Option number 1 100
Option number 2 100
SR-50. Free vibrations 101
Option number 1 101
Option number 2 101
SR-51. Forced vibrations. Resonance 102
Option number 1 102
Option number 2 102
SR-52. Wavelength 103
Option number 1 103
Option number 2 103
SR-53. Sound 104
Option number 1 104
Option number 2 104
CONTROL WORK 105
Option number 1 105
Option number 2 107
Option number 3 109
Option number 4 111
Option number 5 113
MOLECULAR PHYSICS
INDEPENDENT WORK 115
SR-54. The structure of matter 115
Option number 1 115
Option #2 ...115
SR-55. Molecule sizes. Mass of molecules. The amount of substance. Number of molecules and atoms 116
Option number 1 116
Option number 2 116
SR-56. absolute temperature. Relationship between temperature and average kinetic energy of molecules 117
Option number 1 117
Option number 2 117
SR-57. Clapeyron - Mendeleev equation 118
Option number 1 118
Option number 2 118
SR-58. Consolidated Gas Act 119
Option number 1 119
Option number 2 119
SR-59. Isoprocesses 120
Option number 1 120
Option number 2 120
SR-60. Isoprocess Plots 121
Option number 1 121
Option number 2 121
SR-61. Humidity 122
Option number 1 122
Option number 2 123
CONTROL WORK 124
Option number 1 124
Option number 2 126
Option number 3 128
Option number 4 130
Option number 5 132
THERMODYNAMICS
INDEPENDENT WORK 134
SR-62. Internal energy of matter 134
Option number 1 134
Option number 2 134
SR-63. Types of heat transfer 135
Option number 1 135
Option number 2 135
SR-64. Heat quantity 136
Option number 1 136
Option number 2 136
SR-65. Heat transfer without aggregate transitions 137
Option number 1 137
Option number 2 137
SR-66. Melting and crystallization 138
Option number 1 138
Option number 2 138
SR-67. Boiling and condensation 139
Option number 1 139
Option number 2 139
SR-68. Mutual transformations of mechanical and internal energy 140
Option number 1 140
Option number 2 140
SR-69. Heat transfer with aggregate transitions 141
Option number 1 141
Option number 2 141
SR-70. Internal energy of an ideal gas 142
Option number 1 142
Option number 2 142
SR-71. Work in thermodynamics 143
Option number 1 143
Option number 2 143
SR-72. First law of thermodynamics 144
Option number 1 144
Option number 2 144
SR-72. First law of thermodynamics for isoprocesses 145
Option number 1 145
Option number 2 145
SR-74. Thermal engine efficiency 146
Option number 1 146
Option number 2 146
CONTROL WORK 147
Option number 1 147
Option number 2 149
Option number 3 151
Option number 4; 153
Option number 5 155
ELECTROSTATICS
INDEPENDENT WORK 157
SR-75. Electrification of tel. Interaction of charges. Two types of electric charge 157
Option number 1 157
Option number 2 157
SR-76. Coulomb's Law 158
Option number 1 158
Option number 2 158
SR-77. Electrostatic field of a point charge 159
Option number 1 159
Option number 2 159
SR-78. The principle of superposition of electric fields 160
Option no. 1 i 160
Option number 2 160
SR-79. Intensity of a homogeneous electrostatic field 161
Option number 1 161
Option number 2 161
SR-80. Potential difference of a homogeneous electrostatic field 162
Option number 1 162
Option number 2 162
SR-81. Electrostatic field of a charged spherical conductor 163
Option number 1 163
Option number 2 163
SR-82. Potentiality of the electrostatic field 164
Option number 1 164
Option number 2 164
SR-83. Capacitor capacitance 165
Option number 1 165
Option number 2 165
SR-84. Capacitor Field Energy 166
Option number 1 166
Option number 2 166
CONTROL WORK 167
Option number 1 167
Option number 2 169
Option number 3 171
Option number 4 173
Option No. 5 175
ANSWERS 177.


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