Let us turn to the analysis of one of the best odes of Lomonosov "On the day of the accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty the Empress Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, 1747". The term "ode" (from the Greek "ωδή, which means song) was established in Russian poetry, thanks to Trediakovsky, who, in turn, borrowed it from Boileau's treatise. In the article "Discourse on the Ode", Trediakovsky described this genre as follows: "In the ode noble, important, rarely tender and pleasant matter is always and certainly described, in speeches very poetic and magnificent." addressed thematically to "noble and important matter": peace and tranquility in the country, the wise rule of an enlightened monarch, the development of domestic sciences and education, the development of new lands and the prudent use of wealth in old lands.

Lomonosov developed in practice and approved for decades to come the formal features of the genre, or, in other words, its poetics. In the ode we meet large-scale images; majestic style, raising the described pictures above the ordinary; "magnificent" poetic language, saturated with Church Slavonicisms, rhetorical figures, colorful metaphors and hyperbole. And at the same time - the classicist rigor of construction, the "harmony of the verse": a seasoned iambic tetrameter, a stanza of ten lines, an inviolable scheme of flexible rhyme ababvvgddg.

Let's start the analysis of the text from the first stanza:

Joy of kings and kingdoms of the earth, Beloved silence, Bliss of villages, fences of cities, If you are useful and red! Around you the flowers are dazzling And the classes in the fields turn yellow; Treasures full of ships Dare in the sea for you; With a generous hand You pour Your wealth over the earth.

As if from a bird's eye view, the poet surveys villages, cities, earing grain fields, ships plowing the seas. They are all fanned and protected by "blissful silence" - peace and tranquility in Russia. The ode is dedicated to the glorification of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, but even before her appearance in the ode, the poet manages to express his main and cherished idea: peace, not war, contributes to the prosperity of the country. The Empress, who enters the ode in the next stanza, turns out, according to artistic logic, to be derived from this all-encompassing peaceful silence ("His soul is quieter marshmallow"). Very interesting move! On the one hand, the poet maintains the parameters of a laudatory genre (“there can be nothing more beautiful than Elizabeth in the world”). But on the other hand, from the first lines of the work, he firmly outlined his author's position. And then the lyrical voice of the poet, and not the projection on the image of the empress, will more and more clearly lead the development of the narrative. The dominant role of the lyrical hero in the ode is Lomonosov's undoubted artistic achievement in this traditional classic genre.

Lomonosov strives to maintain the compositional norms of the genre, that is, the principle of constructing an odic poem. In the introductory part, the subject of chanting and the main idea of ​​the work are stated (although, as we have seen, the poet reversed them). This is the thesis. The main part substantiates, proves the stated thesis about the greatness and power of the glorified object. And, finally, the conclusion (or finale) gives a look into the future, into the further prosperity and power of the glorified phenomena. The norms of classicism are rationalistic, therefore one compositional part of the work strictly and consistently follows the prescribed other.

The introductory part, or, as it is also called, the exposition, occupies twelve stanzas in this Lomonosov ode. The poet glorifies Elizabeth against the background of her predecessors on the throne strictly following one after another. In the royal portrait gallery, the father of the current ruler, Peter I, is especially highlighted. This is the poet's idol. It is clear to the reader from the detailed and highly pathos characterization of Peter that it was from him that the daughter took over the baton of great deeds.

From the fourteenth stanza, the ode enters its main part. The idea is expanding, and its artistic implementation suddenly begins to show new, non-traditional features. The lyrical pathos passes from the dynasty of rulers to the majestic image of the Fatherland, to its inexhaustible natural wealth, enormous spiritual and creative possibilities:

This glory to You alone, Monarchine, belongs, Your vast power, Oh, how it thanks You! Look at the high mountains, Look at your wide fields, Where is the Volga, the Dnieper, where the Ob flows; Wealth in them is hidden Science will be frank, What blooms with Your generosity.

That's where the scope for the inspiration of the lyrical hero! The virtues of the "beautiful Elizabeth" are gradually fading into the background. The poet's thoughts are now occupied with something else. The thematic direction of the ode itself is changing. And the author himself is now not just an ode writer. He is a patriotic scientist who draws the attention of readers to the burning problems for Russia. The development of sciences will help master the riches of the North, the Siberian taiga and the Far East. Russian sailors, with the help of cartographers, discover new lands, paving the way to "unknown peoples":

There, the wet fleet's path turns white, And the sea tries to give way: Columbus of Russia through the waters Hastens to announce Your bounties to unknown peoples.

Pluto itself, the mythical owner of underground riches, is forced to yield to the developers of the minerals of the Northern and Ural (Riphean) mountains. By the way, let us recall that Lomonosov perfectly studied the mining business:

And behold Minerva strikes Into the tops of the Riphean with a spear. Silver and gold run out In all your inheritance. Pluto in the clefts is restless, That the metal from the mountains is betrayed into the hands of the Rosses Draga, Which nature has hidden there; From the brilliance of the daylight, He averts his gloomy gaze.

And yet, the main thing that will bring Russia into the ranks of world powers is, according to the poet, new generations of people: educated, enlightened, devoted to science Russian youths:

O you, whom the Fatherland expects from its bowels, And desires to see such, Which it calls from foreign countries, Oh, your days are blessed! Dare, now you are encouraged, To show by your zeal, That the Russian land can give birth to its own Platos And quick-witted Newtons. Science nourishes young men, Gives joy to the old, Decorates in a happy life, Protects in an accident; There is joy in domestic difficulties And in distant wanderings is not a hindrance, Science is used everywhere: Among the peoples and in the desert, In the city garden and alone, In sweet peace and work.

The topic of the decisive role of science and education in the development of the country was stated, as we remember, by Cantemir. Trediakovsky served science with his work and throughout his life. And now Lomonosov perpetuates this theme, puts it on a poetic pedestal. Exactly so, because the two stanzas just quoted are the culmination of the ode, its highest lyrical peak, the pinnacle of emotional animation.

But here the poet, as it were, catches on, remembering that the ode is dedicated to an official event: the annually celebrated date of the accession to the throne of the empress. The final stanza is again directly addressed to Elizabeth. This stanza is obligatory, ceremonial, and therefore, I think, not the most expressive. The poet rhymes with an effort the boring word "unstumbling" with the epithet "blessed":

To you, O Mercy Source, O Angel of our peaceful years! The Almighty is an assistant to him, Who dares with his pride, Seeing our peace, Rise up against you with war; The Builder will keep you unstumbling in all ways And your blessed life He will compare with the number of Your bounties.

Obviously not the best line! Let's try to put the question as follows: if the genre of the classic ode is an expression of certain political and state views, then in the Lomonosov ode whose views are these views to a greater extent, the empress or the poet himself? In answering this question, the third stanza is especially important. In it, Elizabeth is presented as a peacemaker who stopped all wars for the sake of peace and happiness of the Russians:

When She ascended the throne, As the Most High gave her a crown, She returned You to Russia, She put an end to the war; Having accepted you, she kissed you: - I am full of those victories, - she said, - For which blood is flowing. I delight in Ross's happiness, I do not change with their calmness For the whole West and East.

But in reality, Elizabeth was not a peacemaker at all! The militant ruler conceived new and new campaigns on the borders of the Russian state. Military battles were a heavy burden on the families of Russian working people. How little the real Elizaveta Petrovna corresponded to the ideal of the ruler of the country, which is recreated in the work! And what a person one had to be not just a brave, but a daring person to praise the Empress for a foreign policy opposite to that which she had established with regard to military operations! With his ode, Lomonosov told Elizaveta Petrovna that Russia needs peace and does not need war. The pathos and style of the work are peacemaking, not invocative-aggressive. The stanzas become beautiful and magnificent in terms of the abundance of expressive means when the poet enters the theme of the world together with the sciences and demands that the “fiery”, that is, military, sounds be silenced:

Be silent, fiery sounds, And cease to waver the light: Here in the world, Elizabeth deigned to expand science. You impudent whirlwinds, do not dare Roar, but humbly divulge Our names are beautiful. In silence, listen, O universe: Behold, Lyra is admiring, To pronounce great names.

Lomonosov's metaphors are especially colorful. Metaphor (in Greek metaphora´ means transfer) is an artistic technique that combines different phenomena or objects into one image, transferring the properties of these different objects to each other. Because phenomena or objects are compared within the image, it receives additional emotional and semantic meanings, its boundaries are moved apart, the image becomes voluminous, bright and original. Lomonosov loved metaphors precisely for their ability to combine dissimilar details into a coherent grandiose picture, to bring to the main idea of ​​the work. “Metaphor,” he noted in his “Rhetoric” (1748), “ideas seem much more lively and magnificent than simply.” Artistic thinking of Lomonosov was essentially, as they would say now, synthesizing.

Here is one example of Lomonosov's metaphor. The fifth stanza from the ode "On the day of the ascension ...":

In order for a word to be equal to them, The abundance of our strength is small; But we can't help singing Your praises; Your bounty encourages Our spirit and urges us to run, Like a capable wind in a swimmer's bluff Breaks through the waves, It leaves the shore with joy; Feed flies between the water depths.

Most of the space in this stanza is occupied by a complex and ornate metaphor. More often metaphors are in several words or in one sentence. Here you are amazed at the scale of the metaphorical image. To isolate it, you have to think carefully about the text. Before us is an exquisite compliment to the Empress. The poet complains that he does not have lofty words equal to the virtues of Elizabeth, and yet he decides to sing these virtues. At the same time, he feels himself like an inexperienced swimmer who ventured alone "through the ravines of the wave" to cross the "Pont" (that is, the Black Sea). The swimmer is guided and supported along the way by a "capable", that is, fair, wind. Similarly, the poetic spirit of the author is kindled and directed by the wonderful deeds of Elizabeth, her "bounties."

To communicate the grandeur and scope of thought to the ode, Lomonosov had to resort to difficult turns of speech. In his "Rhetoric" he theoretically substantiated the legitimacy of the "decoration" of the poetic style. Each phrase, obeying the high odic style, should give rise to a feeling of pomp and splendor. And here, in his opinion, even inventions are commendable: for example, such "sentences in which the subject and predicate are conjugated in some strange, unusual or miraculous way, and thus constitute something important and pleasant." G.A. Gukovsky figuratively and accurately spoke about this poet’s desire for both colorful splendor and harmonious harmony: “Lomonosov builds whole colossal verbal buildings that resemble the huge palaces of Rastrelli; his periods, by their very volume, by their very rhythm, give the impression of a gigantic upsurge of thought and pathos. The groups of words and sentences symmetrically located in them, as it were, subordinate the immense element of the present and the future to human thought and the human plan.

The splendor and magnificence of the poetic style help Lomonosov to recreate the powerful energy and colorful visualization of the paintings described. Here, for example, in the ode of 1742 is a surprisingly vivid picture of a military battle, in the center of which is a personified image of Death. From the contemplation of this image goosebumps run on the skin:

There the horses with their stormy feet Lift thick dust to the sky, There Death between the Goth regiments Runs, furious, from rank to rank, And opens its jaw to greed, And stretches out its cold hands, Their proud expulsion of the spirit.

And what wonderful horses with "stormy legs"! In ordinary speech it is impossible to express it this way, in poetic speech it is possible. Moreover, the "stormy legs" of the horses, raising thick dust to the sky, are almost a cosmic image. Held at the same time on a very thin poetic blade. A little to the side, and everything will fall into absurdity.

Half a century later, the poet-innovator, the founder of Russian romanticism V.A. Zhukovsky, describing a special state of mind inspired by the twilight descending in rural silence, writes: "The soul is full of cool silence." He will amaze his contemporaries with an unprecedentedly bold combination of words. "Can silence be cool!" - severe critics will reproach the poet. But after all, Lomonosov was the first in Russian poetry to resort to bold combinations of words and concepts in his metaphorical style!

Goals: expand and deepen students' knowledge about the features of M. Lomonosov's poetry; to form an idea of ​​the genre originality of the ode; help to comprehend the main motives of Lomonosov's ode; promote the moral and aesthetic education of students. Equipment: handout for pair work. DURING THE CLASSES I. Organizational stage II. Actualization of basic knowledge Listening to essays-miniatures: 3-4 students (see.

Homework previous lesson). III. Setting goals and objectives of the lesson. Motivation of educational activity Teacher. The chanting of the heroes, the strength and glory of Russia, its greatness and beauty, the glorification of the world ("silence") as the basis of universal prosperity, concern for the transformation of the state on a reasonable basis, admiration for science, the omnipotent human mind - these are the main themes of Lomonosov's poetry.

He worked in many genres and in all styles, composed tragedies, epigrams and satirical poems, he even owns poems dedicated to scientific discoveries (for example, the extensive “Letter on the Use of Glass”), but his favorite genre was an ode. IV. Work on the topic of the lesson 1. Teacher's message Oda is an old lyric genre, known since antiquity. In European poetry, an ode was a poetic work praising the fatherland, heroes or heroic deeds.

The content of the ode evokes in its author a state of delight, inspiration, sublime mood, which is directly reflected in the high style of narration. It is clear why Lomonosov turns to this particular genre. The main content of Lomonosov's literary work is the glorification of the motherland. Lomonosov was an ardent supporter of the Petrine reforms: he advocated the growth and development of the Russian national state, its productive forces, science and culture. In all the odes of Lomonosov, the theme of Peter I, the “enlightened monarch”, the “father of the fatherland”, the tireless “builder, swimmer, in the fields, in the seas - a hero” sounds.

And yet another theme dominates Lomonosov's work - an enthusiastic hymn to science. According to the poet, the good and glory of the motherland lies in the development of "divine sciences": mechanics, chemistry, astronomy, geography, "the science of light meteors" (meteorology). And one of the best works of Lomonosov - "Ode on the day of accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty the Empress Empress Elisaveta Petrovna in 1747" - begins with the glorification of "beloved silence", i.e.

e. peace, peaceful life. 2. analytical reading of the "ode on the day of the ascension ..." (combined with a retelling of individual passages, teacher's comments) Commentary for the teacher - The ode begins with the glorification of "silence", that is, the world - the main condition for creative work and creativity: The kings and kingdoms of the earth are joy , Beloved silence, The bliss of the villages, the fence of the city, If you are useful and red! The poet praises Elizabeth for the fact that wars stopped at the beginning of her reign. Then the author moves on to reminiscences about Elizabeth's father, Peter I, whom he considered an ideal monarch and national hero. Resorting to personifications, Lomonosov speaks of Peter's foreign policy, which strengthened the power of the Russian state: In the bloody fields, Mars was afraid, His sword in Peter's hands in vain, And Neptune seemed to tremble, Looking at the Russian flag ... With a feeling of special admiration, the poet recalls that Under Peter, "...divine sciences Through the mountains, rivers and seas stretched out their hands to Russia ..." He expresses the hope that Elizabeth will follow her father's example and patronize the sciences. In essence, Lomonosov's ode contains not so much praise as a lesson to Elizabeth, whom the poet wants to see as an enlightened queen who cares about the good of the fatherland. Gradually, the ceremonial image of Elizabeth in the ode of Lomonosov fades, and the majestic image of Russia comes to the fore. a grandiose landscape unfolds - we see a gigantic country washed by seas and oceans. Before the reader's mind's eye passes the far North, the Ural mountains ("the tops of the Rife-ski"), the Siberian taiga, the powerful rivers of Siberia, the Far East, where the cupid "spins in the green banks." Lomonosov calls on Russian youth to develop the country's natural resources for the benefit of the people. To accomplish this task, hard work, dedication, and deep knowledge are required. The poet is sure That the Russian land can give birth to its own Platons And quick-witted Newtons. The idea of ​​these verses remains alive and relevant for our time. The ode ends with an inspired anthem in honor of the sciences: Science feeds young men, Gives joy to the old, Decorates in a happy life, Protects in an accident ... The composition of the ode, in accordance with the requirements of classicism, is distinguished by harmony. Each of the main themes receives its justification and detailed development, each new idea follows from the previous one. for example, calling on Elizabeth to be the patroness of education, sciences and crafts, Lomonosov shows that the country where she reigns is amazingly beautiful and has inexhaustible natural wealth. such a country, according to the poet, cannot be left in the darkness of ignorance. 3. Conversation to reveal the reader's perception: Y Why is the image of Peter also recreated in the ode praising Elizabeth? Which lines of the ode most vividly convey Lomonosov's attitude towards Peter I? Why, in an ode dedicated to Queen Elizabeth, did the poet write about the wealth and greatness of Russia, about talented Russian people and sciences? Y Name the lines that sound in M. Lomonosov's "Ode on the Day of Accession to the All-Russian Throne of Her Majesty Empress Elizabeth Petrovna" in a modern way. Indicate the compositional elements traditional for Lomonosov's odes in the ode dedicated to Elizabeth: a description of the poetic delight (inspiration) that gripped the poet; the poet's appeal to the muses, earthly and heavenly elements; praise of the monarch; glorification of the greatness and power of the motherland. 4. posing problem questions (see anticipatory Homework of the previous lesson) What new themes are introduced by M. Lomonosov in “Ode on the day of accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty Empress Elizabeth Petrovna in 1747”?

What do you think is the main one? Follow the development of poetic themes in the studied ode. How does the poet make logical transitions from one theme to another? 5.

creative work in pairs Task A) Make a plan for the ode. Pay attention to the logic of transitions from one part of the work to another. B) What "calm" is the ode written in?

Justify your answer. C) What thoughts of M. Lomonosov seem to you to be especially important for our era?

Support your opinion with quotes from the ode. 6.

presentation of creative works, their discussion V. Reflection. Summing up the lesson A generalizing conversation (reception "Microphone") Lomonosov considered Peter I an enlightened monarch who cared about the welfare of Russia and its people. how right was the poet in such an assessment of Peter I? What are the genre features of the ode? Why do works of this genre predominate in the artistic heritage of Lomonosov?

Lomonosov believed that the main duty of the writer is "to take care of the welfare of society." How did this conviction of the poet manifest itself in his work? VI. Homework 1. Learn the last 2 stanzas from "Ode ..." by heart. 2.

Not everyone knows that the Luminary of Science of the 18th century, Mikhail Lomonosov, was also a good poet. The fact that a person can be brilliant in such different areas is only admirable. He mainly wrote civic and political lyrics.

The work “On the Day of the Ascension of Elizabeth Petrovna” belongs to the genre of ode. The solemn tone of the entire poem corresponds to the genre. The author praises the great queen and even gives her advice.

The ode begins with the glorification of the world, which was achieved thanks to the coming to the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna. "Beloved silence" the author calls this time. The wars that Russia waged so often subsided, and the people could breathe easy. Peacetime gave a feeling of bliss to the villages and a fence to the castles.

In the ode, the author praises not only Elizabeth, but also Peter I. He is presented as an ideal ruler who brought Russia out of the state of barbarism with new reforms. Peter is warlike, unlike Elizabeth, but military victories brought glory to him and the state. Thus, Lomonosov takes a philosophical approach to the theme of war and peace.

In the poem, Lomonosov not only sings of the queen's humanity, but also gives her instructions. As a scientist, he wants to see his country enlightened, and for this the ruler must himself be enlightened and contribute to the development of culture and science. Having resorted to the image of Peter, the author seems to be hinting to the queen that she should take an example from her father, who always supported science.

Of great importance are descriptions of the natural wealth of Russia: high mountains, wide fields, full-flowing rivers. All of them hold secrets that only an enlightened mind can reveal. Therefore, the country so needs educated people. Lomonosov confidently says that there are many capable individuals on Russian soil who just need help to take off. And this is one of the tasks of a wise monarch.

A lot of clever words were said by the author in the ode about the importance and necessity of science. Lomonosov proves that science is necessary for everyone: both young men and old people. In youth, it helps to find oneself, to understand the world, and in old age it gives joy. Knowledge can beautify a happy life and save in difficult cases. And in domestic affairs, science can be a joy, and in wanderings it can not be a hindrance. Both among people and in solitude, a person needs science.

Lomonosov was so reverent about enlightenment, not only because he himself was a scientist, but because he believed that knowledge affects the human soul. After all, knowledge expands human horizons, shows the right path. A person without knowledge is boring even to himself. That is why it is so important to strive to become educated.

The ode not only praises Elizabeth, it also contains wise advice. The author turns to the queen, gives her instructions on how to become even better. The instructions of the Great Scientist are useful not only to rulers, but also to ordinary people.

This poem is a wise message left by Mikhail Lomonosov to the queen, his contemporaries and future generations.

M.V. Lomonosov wrote "Ode to put on the accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty the Empress Empress Elisaveta Petrovna in 1747." The genre of the ode allowed him to combine lyrics and journalism within the framework of one poetic text - to the author of the question, to speak out on issues of civil, public importance. The poet admires the innumerable natural resources of the Russian state:

Where in the luxury of cool shadows
In the flock of galloping deer
Catch the cry did not disperse;
Where the hunter did not mark with a bow;
With the ax farmer's thud
Singing birds did not frighten.

The abundance of natural resources is the key to the successful development of the Russian people. The central themes of the ode are the theme of labor and the theme of science. The poet appeals to the younger generation to devote themselves to the service of science:

Be emboldened now
Show with your care
What can own Platos
And quick-witted Newtons
Russian land to give birth.

Lomonosov writes about the benefits of science for all ages. The ode creates an ideal image of a ruler who cares about the people, the spread of education, and the improvement of economic and spiritual development. The high "calm" of the ode is created by the use of Old Slavonicisms, rhetorical exclamations and questions, ancient mythology.

1) Genre originality of the work.
Ode is a solemn poem glorifying some significant person or historical event. The ode is characterized by a strict logic of presentation.

2) Features of the composition of a lyrical work. The ode has a three-part composition:

Part 1 - poetic delight, praise to the addressee, a description of his services to the fatherland.

2nd part - glorification of the past successes of the country, its rulers; a hymn to modern educational successes in the country.

3rd part - the glorification of the monarch for his deeds for the good of Russia.

3) Features of the "calm" of the ode.
The ode is written in a "high calm". This work is dedicated to the empress, the author uses, along with Russian words, Church Slavonic vocabulary: joy, use, wanderings, etc.

How can young people weaken Russia? (hard work)

What should science be for a person, according to M.V. Lomonosov? (joy, food for the mind, help in difficult situations, etc.)

The personality of G.R. Derzhavin.
Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin was the largest representative of Russian classicism. He was born on July 3, 1743 in the family of a small Kazan nobleman. The entire fortune of the family consisted of a dozen souls of serfs. Poverty prevented G.R. Derzhavin to receive a systematic education.

Only in 1759 (at the age of 16) he was able to enter the Kazan gymnasium, but he did not study there for long either.

In 1762, Derzhavin was called up for military service. Poverty also affected here: unlike most noble youths, he was forced to start serving as a private and only in 1772 received an officer's rank. Derzhavin served in the Preobrazhensky Regiment in St. Petersburg. Together with the regiment, he participated in the palace coup that put Catherine II on the Russian throne. The young poet began to write poetry while still in the soldier's service; two notebooks of that early period of creativity have been preserved.

In 1773 G.R. Derzhavin began to publish. Gavrila Romanovich was an adherent of an enlightened monarchy, he believed in the reason and justice of the supreme ruler; sharply negative attitude to peasant uprisings and participated in the suppression of the Pugachev rebellion. Derzhavin was dismissed several times for his too decisive and bold character.

Glory came to the poet only in 1783 after the appearance of his famous ode "Felitsa", dedicated to Catherine 11. The queen, flattered by the ode, returned the poet to the service. G.R. Derzhavin reached the highest government positions: he was a senator, state treasurer, and minister of justice. But the bureaucratic career of Gavrila Romanovich did not work out. The reason for this was Derzhavin's honesty and directness. Alexander I, removing him from the post of Minister of Justice, explained his decision by the inadmissibility of such a "zealous service."

Literary fame and public service made G.R. Derzhavin is a rich man. He spent the last years of his life in prosperity and tranquility, living alternately either in St. Petersburg or on his own estate near Novgorod. The poet died in 1816.

1. Why do you think the ode became one of the main genres of the literary work of M. V. Lomonosov?

Lomonosov gave preference to heroic themes in artistic works, asserted the glory and power of the Russian state, sang the victories of Russian weapons, saw the future of his country in enlightenment, the dissemination of sciences, and domestic education. The tasks of glorifying the state and its most worthy statesmen and military figures were answered to the greatest extent by the ode. In the poem "A Conversation with Anacreon," Lomonosov explained his literary predilection in the following words:

Although I am not deprived of tenderness of the heart In love, I am more delighted with the heroes of eternal glory.

Although in his youth Lomonosov loved to write love songs, two of which have survived to this day, the main task for him was to instill in his fellow citizens a sense of duty and a desire for socially useful activities using the examples of domestic heroes. The genre of the ode then made it possible to combine lyrics and journalism in a great work, to speak out on issues of state importance, and to do this, according to the well-known researcher of Russian literature of the 18th century A. V. Zapadov, strongly, figuratively, beautifully.

2. What, in your opinion, is the main, leading theme of the “Ode on the day of the accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty the Empress Empress Elisaveta Petrovna, 1747”? How are other seemingly freely developing themes related to it?

The leading theme of “Ode on the day of the accession to the All-Russian throne ...” is the theme of Russia, its present and future, the praise of its greatness, wealth, that is, a patriotic theme. It is revealed through a number of topics subordinate to it, concretizing the author's attitude to the homeland and its people. Among them are the images of Peter I and Empress Elisaveta Petrovna, personifying Russia and carrying out progressive transformations, the theme of war and peace (beloved silence), the theme of science and art, the beauty and vast natural wealth of Russia, and also the theme of the young generation, symbolizing its future prosperity.

3. Try to characterize the image of the empress created by Lomonosov in the ode. Compare it with the image of Elizabeth in the portraits of Russian artists of the 18th century known to you.

The glorification of the monarch is one of the distinctive features of the classicist ode, since his image symbolizes the strength and unity of the state, for Russian classicists it is an enlightened monarch who patronizes the law, sciences, who sees the goal of his activity as good subjects. Such in the ode is the wife of Elisaveta Petrovna. Her image is of a ceremonial, solemn character. As a classicist, Lomonosov, in the image of a monarch, captured his vision of power and standing on top of it. The empress in the ode of Lomonosov is beautiful and majestic (the sight is more beautiful than paradise), she stops wars in the name of the tranquility of the Russians. The verbal description of the empresses in the odes of Lomonosov (Catherine I, Elizaveta Petrovna and Catherine II) was quite consistent with their artistic depiction in the portraits of the classicists. Creating the image of the Russian monarchy, artists adhered to the formula “Elizaveta is Peter today”, meaning the renewal and continuation of Peter the Great’s transformations after a decade of Bironovshchina during the reign of Anna Ioannovna. The advanced part of Russian society hoped for the further development of the cause of Peter in peacetime.

Cliques are heard in the valleys:

"Great Petrov's daughter exceeds her father's generosity, aggravates the contentment of the muses, And fortunately opens the door."

There is a well-known portrait of Elizabeth Petrovna by I. Vishnyakov (1743), which is exhibited in the Tretyakov Gallery. The Empress majestically rises above the world, like an unshakable pyramid. She is royally motionless, which is emphasized by the coronation robe, mantle. The image of the autocrat is complemented by such attributes of power as the crown, scepter and orb. On the motionless face there is an expression of greatness and a benevolent smile addressed to the subjects. It seems that the words of Lomonosov are addressed to this appearance of Elizabeth:

This glory to you alone, Monarchine, belongs, Your vast power, Oh, how she thanks you!

And the appeal characteristic of the solemn odic style:

Look at the high mountains, Look at your wide fields...

4. What attitude did Lomonosov express towards Peter I? What artistic techniques, characteristic of classicism, are used in the depiction of Peter? How do they affect the reader's perception?

As already mentioned, for Russian classicists, Peter I is an ideal enlightened sovereign who cares about strengthening the Russian state, its military power, and the development of sciences and arts. So he is depicted in the ode "On the day of the accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty the Empress Empress Elisaveta Petrovna, 1747." In his image, there is a clear orientation towards antiquity, which is characteristic of the creation of the image of the hero. To show the strength and greatness of Peter I and his deeds, the author uses a comparison with the god of war Mars, who “feared his sword in Peter's hands in vain”; Neptune is surprised, looking at the fleet created by Peter ("Russian flag"). In general, ancient realities are often mentioned in the ode - the names of the gods, the muses, Parnassus, with whom he compares the collection of muses on Russian soil, the philosopher Plato. At the same time, Lomonosov sees in the appearance of Peter the Great the divine will, the will of the “builder of the world”, which glorifies the creator who sent a man to Russia:

What has been unheard of for centuries. Through all the obstacles, he lifted up the Head, crowned with victories, Russia, trampled by rudeness, With himself elevated to heaven.

Of course, in the odes of Lomonosov, a sincere enthusiastic attitude towards Peter is expressed, although idealized. The poet, as it were, forgets at what cost his transformation was achieved. material from the site

5. How is Russia depicted in the ode? What attracts the poet's attention? What epithets and comparisons does he use to recreate the image of the Motherland?

Comparing Russia with other countries, their heritage, Lomonosov gives Russia an advantage. These are high, almost wide mountains, these are the great rivers Volga, Dnieper, Ob, Lena, equal in width to the seas, a vast expanse of lands, riches that India boasts of. The riches of Russia include deep forests, a diverse wildlife. As if introducing the Empress to her vast possessions, Lomonosov glorifies Russia. And here it is sometimes difficult to distinguish the object of praise in the ode - Elisaveta Petrovna or the vast country that is under her citizenship. These two images sometimes merge into one in the perception of readers, which indicates the priority for the poet of the image of the great native state and its good.

We will glorify your gift to the heavens, And we will put a sign of your bounty, Where the sun rises and where Cupid Spins in green shores, Wishing to return again To your state from Manchuria.

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On this page, material on the topics:

• epithets to the ode a.k. thick
• the image of the empress
• artistic techniques in the ode for the day of the ascension
• attitude towards the heroes in the ode for the day of the ascension
• obsolete words from the ode to the day of the ascension