Our world is fraught with many unusual natural phenomena. There are those that are easily explained, but there are those that even modern science cannot understand. In this article, we will consider in more detail the second part of them.

Moroccan goats grazing in the trees

Interestingly, Morocco is the only country in the world in which goats, due to the small amount of grass, climb trees and graze whole herds there, while feasting on the fruits of argan. This amazing picture can only be found on the Middle and High Atlas, in addition, between Agadir and Es-Sueira in the Sousse valley. The shepherds walk their goats by walking between the trees. It is worth noting that such unusual places attract thousands of curious tourists every year. With such a global consumption of argans, less and less oil is harvested from these nuts every year. And it is believed to contain various rejuvenating trace elements in its composition. Today, a campaign is underway to declare this place a nature reserve.

Black Sun of Denmark

Denmark also has unusual natural phenomena. So, in the spring, about a million European starlings flock to huge flocks from all around an hour before sunset. The Danes call this process the Black Sun. It can be observed in early spring near the swamps of western Denmark.

Starlings arrive from the south and spend the whole day in the meadows, and in the evening, after making collective pirouettes in the sky, they settle down for the night in the reeds to rest.

crawling stones

This amazing action that takes place in Death Valley has been disturbing the minds of scientists who are trying to write a description of natural phenomena for several decades. Huge boulders crawl by themselves along the bottom of Lake Racetrack Playa. At the same time, no one touches them, but they still crawl. No one has ever seen exactly how they move. At the same time, they stubbornly move, as if alive, sometimes turning over on their side, while leaving behind deep traces that stretch for several meters. Periodically, the stones write out such complex and unusual lines that they turn over, making somersaults in the process of movement.

moon rainbow

The night rainbow (or lunar) is the light that is reflected from the surface of the moon. It is much dimmer than the sun. A lunar rainbow is a very rare natural phenomenon. If observed with the naked eye, it may appear colorless, due to which it is often referred to as "white". There are several places in the world where the phenomenon of night rainbows is quite often repeated. Among them are Victoria Falls in Australia and Cumberland in Kentucky,

Fish rain in Honduras

When studying unusual natural phenomena, it is worth noting the rain of animals - this is a very rare meteorological phenomenon, but such cases have been recorded in different countries throughout the history of all mankind. Although for Honduras this phenomenon is regular. Every year in the period May-July, a dark cloud appears in the sky, thunder rumbles, lightning flashes, a very strong wind blows, it rains heavily for 2-3 hours. After it ends, thousands of live fish remain on the ground.

People pick them up like mushrooms and take them home to cook. The Fish Rain Festival has been held here since 1998. It is celebrated in the city of Yoro, Honduras. One of the hypotheses for the appearance of this phenomenon is that very strong winds lift fish from the water into the air for several kilometers, since off the northern coast of Honduras the waters of the Caribbean Sea abound in fish and other seafood. But no one has ever witnessed this.

annular eclipse

In the world there are different unusual ones, they are given in this article. One of them is an annular eclipse. With it, the Moon is far from the Earth in order to cover the Sun completely. It looks like this: the Moon moves along the disk of the Sun, although it turns out to be smaller in diameter, and cannot completely hide it. Such eclipses are practically of no interest to scientists.

biconvex clouds

Considering unusual natural phenomena, it is necessary to say about this. It would seem that today it is impossible to surprise someone with clouds. But in nature there is their rare biconvex appearance. These are clouds of a round shape, reminiscent of more. It is not surprising that they are also called "crazy": a bizarre shape surprises with its originality.

star Rain

We continue the description of natural phenomena. Star shower, despite its name, has nothing to do with meteor showers. What the human eye perceives as many small stars is a huge stream of meteors that burn up when they enter the Earth's atmosphere. At the same time, the number of these celestial bodies can reach up to a thousand in one hour. Some of them, which did not have time to burn out completely, fall to Earth.

Fire whirlwinds

A beautiful, dangerous and rare natural phenomenon is fiery whirlwinds. They appear at a certain combination of air direction and temperature. In this case, the flame can rise up to tens of meters, thus forming a semblance of a fiery tornado.

Halo

We continue to consider amazing natural phenomena, examples of which are given in this article. A halo is defined scientifically as a visual phenomenon - a ring glowing around a light source, emerging from cloud crystals. Simply put, we can say that this is a rainbow, it can be seen around the Moon or the Sun, and periodically around the lights, for example, in the center of a night metropolis.

Tornado

This phenomenon is an atmospheric vortex that occurs in a thundercloud. It reaches the earth in the form of a cloudy arm. Tornadoes can be hundreds of meters in diameter. It looks impressive. Although, unfortunately, it can bring no less impressive catastrophes and destruction.

Brocken ghosts

Considering various natural phenomena, it is worth talking about this. appear in Germany on the mountain Brocken. Their occurrence is quite understandable. As it turned out, this is the most ordinary climber, who is above the clouds on top of the mountains. The sun shines on a person, and under the clouds, below, his huge shadow appears, which can scare or at least surprise anyone.

Northern lights

Now consider more positive various natural phenomena. We all saw the polar or northern lights once in the pictures, some were even lucky to see it with their own eyes. It is known that similar phenomena are observed near the poles of the Earth.

red waves

This name was given to the phenomenon that appears as a result of the flowering of various algae. Breeding freshwater or seaweed sometimes paints large areas of the beach or ocean in a rich red color. Basically, these plants are not dangerous, although there are those that kill birds with their toxicity, fish and people are also harmed, but so far no deaths have been recorded.

Lightning Catatumbo

Near Venezuela you can also see rare natural phenomena. These are Catatunbo lightning bolts. This natural phenomenon constantly occurs in one place for 160 nights a year. In one night, you can see about 20,000 lightning bolts here. It is also interesting that their glow is practically not accompanied by a thunderclap. At night, the sky in these places remains cloudless and clear, due to which they are also visible on the island of Aruba, located 500 km from here.

Fireball

This is a truly mysterious natural phenomenon. A fiery dazzling ball, reaching several tens of centimeters in diameter, suddenly appears after a thunderstorm, after which it quietly floats in air currents above the ground. Ball lightning can be drop-shaped and pear-shaped, although it is more beneficial energetically for it to be in the form of a ball.

Such a freely roaming, light charge can fall on any surface and glide over it without expending energy. Many observers say that he seeks to get into closed rooms, seeping through the cracks and flying through the windows. In this case, lightning can temporarily take the form of a thin thread or cake, and then again turns into a ball. She, colliding with objects, periodically explodes. Until now, the causes of natural phenomena, such as ball lightning, have not been fully understood. It is likely formed from oxygen and nitrogen in a simple lightning channel and explodes when cooled to room temperature.

Penitentes

Such rare natural phenomena can be seen on various mountain glaciers. Penitentes got its name from its resemblance to a row of white-robed monks. It is formed due to the sun, which melts holes on the surface of the glacier. When a hole appears, the sunlight from it begins to be reflected, due to which the slots between the layers of snow increase. Soon large depressions form there, formed in the form of huge ice peaks, up to 5 meters high.

Mirages

Despite their prevalence, mirages always cause an almost mystical feeling of surprise. We know the reason for their appearance - superheated air changes the optical properties, thereby causing light inhomogeneities, which are called mirages. This phenomenon has long been explained by science, while continuing to amaze the imagination of many people. It should be noted that the visual effect is based on an unusual vertical distribution of air density. This, under certain conditions, leads to the appearance of ghostly images near the horizon. But you instantly forget these boring explanations when you yourself become a witness of this miracle that occurs right before your eyes!

This article presented the most unusual natural phenomena, the photos of which are simply mesmerizing. Some phenomena can be scientifically explained, while others are inexplicable. Some are quite common, while others can be expected for years. But whatever one may say, they amaze and make you think once again about how unpredictable and wise nature is!

Instruction

Phenomena nature are any changes that occur in animate or inanimate nature. They are classified according to the nature of the impact, origin, duration, regularity of action, scale of distribution.

By origin, they are divided into climatic, geological and geomorphological, biological, space and biogeochemical. The most common natural phenomena are climatic (typhoon,) and geological and geomorphological (tsunami, soil erosion, earthquakes,).

According to the duration of their action, they can be divided into: - instant, which usually last a few seconds and minutes (earthquake, volcanic eruption); - short-term, they can last several hours or days (squall, flood, full moon, rain, intense heat; - long-term, lasting months and years (climate change, river drying up).

Of particular danger to humans are natural disasters. These include a tornado, lightning, typhoon, mudflow. They have a destructive effect and can lead to serious man-made accidents.

Of particular interest are the so-called unusual phenomena nature. Among them, rain is a stream of meteors, which, upon entering the atmosphere, instantly burn out in it and form an enchanting glow in the sky. Unusual phenomenon m nature the lunar rainbow is also considered - the light that is reflected from the full moon. It can only be observed in places with high humidity. Aurora, halos, mirages can also be attributed to amazing and rare phenomena.

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Lightning- This is a powerful electric discharge that occurs when clouds are highly electrified. Lightning discharges can occur both within a cloud and between neighboring clouds that are highly electrified. Sometimes a discharge occurs between the earth and an electrified cloud. Before a lightning flash, electric potential differences arise between the cloud and the ground or between neighboring clouds.

One of the first to establish the interaction of electrical discharges in the sky was the American, who also held an important post - Benjamin Franklin. In 1752, he conducted an experiment with a kite. The tester attached a metal key to his cord and launched a kite in thunderstorms. some time later, in the key, emitting a sheaf of sparks. Since then, it has been studied in detail by scientists. This amazing can be extremely dangerous, causing serious damage to power lines and other tall buildings. The main cause of the occurrence lies in the collision of ions (impact ionization). The electric field of the cloud has a very high intensity. In such a field, free electrons get a huge acceleration. Colliding with atoms, they ionize them. The result is a stream of fast electrons. Impact ionization forms a plasma channel through which the main current pulse passes. An electrical discharge occurs, which we observe in the form of lightning. The length of such a discharge can reach several kilometers and last up to several seconds. Lightning always accompanied by a bright flash of light and thunder. Very often lightning occurs during a thunderstorm, but there are exceptions. One of the most unexplored natural phenomena associated with electric discharges by scientists is ball lightning. It is only known that it occurs suddenly and can cause significant damage. So the lightning is so bright? The electric current during a lightning strike can reach 100,000 amperes. In this case, huge energy is released (about Joules). The temperature of the main channel reaches almost 10,000 degrees. These characteristics give rise to a bright light that can be observed during a lightning discharge. After such a powerful electrical discharge, a pause occurs, which can last from 10 to 50 seconds. During this time, the main channel almost goes out, the temperature in it drops to 700 degrees. Scientists have found that the bright glow and heating of the plasma channel propagate from the bottom up, and the pauses between the glows are only tens of fractions of a second. That is why a person perceives several powerful impulses as a single bright flash of lightning.

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sel- a phenomenon related to the category of natural disasters; a stream suddenly falling from the mountains, consisting of water mixed with the products of the destruction of rocks (clay, earth, sand and stones). The danger of mudflow lies in its enormous destructive power, combined with the element of surprise.

sel, sil or mudflow - all these are the names of the same phenomenon in the form of a mass rapidly falling from the mountains, half consisting of water, half of clay, sand, small and large stones. sel arises suddenly and dries up after 1-3 hours, but in this short time on its way it sweeps away everything from the face. The destructive power of the mudflow is enormous. The water-mud stream pulls out trees, destroys dams, houses. sel moves with great noise, shudders from the blows of stone blocks. In this case, the mudflow movement is not continuous, but undulating (separate shafts). Mudflow moves very quickly, and sometimes only 20-30 minutes pass from the moment of its inception to the outlet of the stream into the valley. Depending on the composition, mudflows are divided into: Mud - a mixture of water with earth and a small amount of stones; Mudstone - a mixture of water with earth, gravel, pebbles, medium-sized stones; Water stone - a mixture of water with large stones and boulders. The entire area of ​​occurrence and action of mudflow is called a mudflow basin. A mudflow is formed in the event of the coincidence of three conditions: Accumulation of a significant volume of water in the mountains; The presence on the mountain slopes within the mudflow basin of a sufficient amount of sand, stones, pebbles, gravel, i.e. easily moved masses; The steepness of the mountain slopes in the area of ​​the mudflow basin is at least 10-15˚. Rapid melting of mountain glaciers and snows; Emissions and ; Explosive work carried out in the mountains; felling on slopes; Large-scale construction work. It is impossible for a person who is on the path of a mudflow to escape. Salvation is only in an early departure from the path of the mudflow. Unfortunately, it is not possible to predict the occurrence of mudflow in our time. Therefore, having heard the noise of a mudflow, you must immediately rise from the bottom of the valley to the mountains, up and away from the mass of water rushing down with earth and stones. It should also be taken into account that large stones and whole boulders can be thrown out of the stream to the sides.

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• What is mudflow in 2019

At all times people have seen mirages. In ancient times, they explained them by the intervention of gods or spirits. Today it is known that otherworldly forces have nothing to do with it. A mirage is an optical phenomenon in the atmosphere, a play of light rays, due to which imaginary images of objects appear in the field of view.

This phenomenon occurs because light, passing through layers of air of different density, is refracted. In this case, distant objects may appear as if raised. They can also be distorted and take on the most fantastic forms. Although such natural phenomena are usually associated with deserts, they can often be observed in the mountains, above water, even in megacities. These fairy tales can be seen wherever there are drastic changes. Mirages of several types. The first includes the lower (lake) mirages- when a distant, flat surface takes on the appearance of open water. A similar illusion arises in deserts, on asphalt. Above the heated surface, a kind of puff cake is formed from the air. Light waves, passing through the layer closest to the most heated and rarefied, are distorted, since their speed depends on the density of the medium. Lake mirages- the most common. The second type of mirage is called upper, or distant. They are more picturesque in comparison with the lower ones, but occur much less frequently. Distant objects appear upside down in the sky, and sometimes a direct image of the same object also appears above them. In such an air screen, cities, mountains, which are hundreds of from observers, can be reflected. Such mirages are typical for cold regions when there is a warm layer of air above the cold layer. In superior mirages, objects are seen more clearly. Side mirages occur near vertical surfaces that are strongly heated by the sun. This species often appears on Lake Geneva. Another type of mirage has received the beautiful name Fata Morgana. These are the most beautiful of such phenomena. Sometimes there is a layer of cold air above the warm waters, in which magical castles, fabulous palaces, and gardens appear. These fantastic pictures are changing. According to Arabic legends, the evil fairy Morgana loved to tease thirsty travelers, she lured them to the hottest places, showing ghostly fountains, blooming oases, palaces with lush gardens. Science finds it difficult to give a reliable explanation for these mirages. Numerous “flying Dutchmen”, which are sometimes seen by sailors, also belong to the Fata Morgans. No less mysterious phenomenon is chrono mirages. They reflect events in the past. Received special notoriety mirages past battles and battles. Despite the frequency of these natural phenomena, it is very difficult to study them. It is not known where and when the mirage and how long it will last. It must be said that this beautiful and mysterious sight can be very dangerous. History knows many cases when mirages killed or drove their victims insane.

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• Mysterious natural phenomena

To answer the question, what is natural system nature, you first need to find out what is system, system tika, natural nature and who was the first to decompose and organize the world that surrounds us.

So, the system is a set of elements that are connected with each other and form a certain integrity. The system can denote both real and abstract concepts. Any object that consists of components can be considered as a subsystem of the whole, highlighting its individual parts and their interaction. What is natural nature - this question is more difficult to answer unambiguously. Nature and naturalness are very close to each other. After all, nature is all living things around us, and even ourselves. To say that nature is not means to challenge oneself and one's naturalness. So, nature itself, that is, organisms, is a natural system. They, in turn, being components nature, are subject to classification on the basis of certain principles that lay the foundation of the system. That is, natural system nature there is an attempt by the curious to decompose the world in which, "on the shelves" and to attribute each of its manifestations to components that are consistently subordinate to each other. Theoretically, it is assumed that system on the one hand, it underlies phenomena, on the other hand, it is only a stage on the path of scientific research. In accordance with the principle of cognitive inexhaustibility nature natural system. On the other hand, any attempt to classify nature assume that the structure nature knowable to the end, which means that the construction of a complete and comprehensive natural system nature possibly. nature today is built on a hierarchical basis. All levels of the hierarchy have their own names. There are seven of these levels. It is generally accepted that any organism belongs to all seven levels. This principle of building the Linnean hierarchy, since it was Carl Linnaeus who was the founder of the traditions of modern scientific system tics.

Winds, depending on their strength and speed, can change everything around. Where are the reasons for their occurrence? Since ancient times, people have seen in the winds the presence of the living forces of the Universe and the cosmos, the influence of the gods.

Instruction

Wind is the movement of air, which is characterized by speed. To determine it, sailors use the Beaufort scale, consisting of 12 points, where the zero mark is completely calm, and 12 points determines. There is also the Fujita scale or F-scale, which consists of thirteen categories from F0 to F12. It is used in the classification of tornadoes, taking into account wind speed and damage. In this case, the value between F0 and F1 corresponds to 11 and 12 points of the Beaufort scale of wind speeds. F5 is the maximum category that is assigned to a tornado. The rest are introduced only as theoretical ones.

The reason for the occurrence of wind is the temperatures and barometric pressure of adjacent air areas. Moving from one area to another, the air changes strength, speed and direction, deviating due to the rotational movement of the earth. According to the Bays-Ballo law, in the Northern Hemisphere this deviation is directed to the right, and in the Southern Hemisphere - to the left. The direction of the wind is indicated by the side of the world from where it blows. Usually it is determined by various devices. Sometimes a weather vane is used.

During the day, on the coasts of the planet, there is a constant change of coastal winds. They are called breezes. At night they blow from land to sea, and during the day - on the contrary, from sea to land. On the coasts of the Black and Mediterranean Seas, northern winds of bora or borea are known. In the summer in the Alps there are foehns - scorching, southerly winds from Asia and Africa. Their breath lasts for several hours a day, bringing fine sand and ash. At the same time, the temperature rises to 40 ° C and above. Hair dryers cause great harm to people, local flora and fauna.

The constant winds of tropical countries are trade winds and monsoons. The trade winds blow all year round. The reason for their occurrence is the rotation of the Earth and the sun's heat. Monsoons are the winds of the seasons. For example, the Indian Ocean is dominated by the northeast monsoon, while the southwest monsoon prevails in summer.

In addition, in the Eastern teachings, the wind is a symbol of the spirit, its strength and the living breath of the Universe, which supports and unites all living things. The wind is the personification of the incorporeal, intangible, elusive, changeable. It is associated with thread, rope, etc. The winds are the messengers of the gods, indicating the presence of a deity. In combination with fire, the wind of the gods of mountains and volcanoes. Feng Shui teaching is no coincidence the science of winds and waters. In ancient China, the Wind God, Feng-Po, was considered the source of the breath of the cosmos and the mouth and tongue of Heaven.

Lilith tempts a person upon her return only when he is on the wrong path. If you realize this, then you have a chance to correct your version of life for a more favorable and correct one. In other words, as always, there are two sides of the same coin.

Of course, there is always a counterbalance to the "dark forces". In this case, it is the White Moon Lulu. Astrologers believe that she is the ambassador of our guardian angel.

In a horoscope, it is very important to take into account all the smallest details. But whatever it is and whatever it is, everything depends precisely on our actions and deeds that we do today, on this day, at this hour, at this minute. Think about what your life is, and maybe you will make it better. Good luck!

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• Black Moon and White Moon in the horoscope

The blobfish is scientifically called psychrolutes marsidicus. This deep-sea animal is considered a wonder of nature because of its amazing appearance, which earned it the official title of the ugliest creature in the world. Of course, this is a subjective opinion, but everyone who has ever seen this fish agrees with him.

Description of the drop fish

Psychrolutes marsidicus belongs to the order of scorpion-like fish that live at the very bottom of the oceans. These fish live at a decent depth, sometimes more than a thousand meters, where the water pressure is significantly increased. The drop fish is endemic to Australia and Tasmania, that is, nowhere but the waters around these lands.

The species Psychrolutes marsidicus is still poorly understood. But scientists already know how it can exist at great depths: it lacks a swim bladder, which turns out to be unnecessary at high pressure, and a certain body structure allows it to withstand a large load without using a lot of energy. Psychrolutes swims slowly, spends a lot of time immobile in anticipation of prey - it hunts small marine invertebrate creatures.

The blobfish species is endangered. Although these fish are inedible, they are often caught, usually along with other catches such as crabs. And since this species is slow, the population takes a long time to recover. Psychrolutes marsidicus sits on the eggs until the offspring hatch from it, and even after that continues to take care of the little ones.

Appearance of a fish-drop

The size of the psychrolutes is small - about thirty centimeters long. And the appearance of a drop fish is its most amazing feature. Her body is a gelatinous, jelly-like mass that looks like a shiny gel. And since it is completely absent, and the muscles are also absent, this mass does not look very good.

But the main feature that gives the drop fish an ugly look is the expression of its “face”. A huge jelly-like process in the form of a nose, "" eyes and the structure of the mouth, giving the fish a gloomy, offended and unhappy look, together create the image of the ugliest creature in the world. The soft, reddish mucous folds of the mouth resemble pouty lips, and beneath them is a large "chin". A smooth large nose hangs over the mouth, the location of the eyes on the head is also involved in creating a dull look.

From above or from the side, these fish look more or less, but when you look at her head from the front, a smile involuntarily arises, and a distressed facial expression evokes sympathy.

Due to its unusual appearance, the drop fish has become popular all over the world and has led to many jokes. And the society for the protection of the ugly recognized this fish as the ugliest in the world and reminds all nature lovers that it is necessary to protect not only cute, but also scary creatures.

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A rainbow is one of those unusual optical phenomena with which nature sometimes pleases a person. Since ancient times, people have tried to explain the appearance of a rainbow. Science came close to understanding the origin of the phenomenon when, in the middle of the 17th century, the Czech scientist Mark Marzi discovered that the light beam is not uniform in its structure. Somewhat later, Isaac Newton studied and explained the phenomenon of dispersion of light waves. As is now known, a light beam is refracted at the boundary of two transparent media having different densities.

Instruction

As Newton established, a white light beam is obtained as a result of the interaction of rays of different colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. Each color is characterized by a specific wavelength and vibration frequency. At the boundary of transparent media, the speed and length of light waves change, the oscillation frequency remains the same. Each color has its own refractive index. The red beam deviates the least from the previous direction, orange a little more, then yellow, etc. The violet ray has the highest refractive index. If a glass prism is installed in the path of a light beam, then it will not only deviate, but also break up into several rays of different colors.

Does diffusion occur in solids?

What determines the rate of diffusion

The diffusion rate depends on the temperature. As the temperature rises, the process of mutual penetration of substances accelerates. This is due to the fact that when heated, the overall speed of the molecules increases. The previous experiment with gold and lead, for example, was done at room temperature (20˚C), but otherwise the results would have been excellent.

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How are salt marshes formed?

Saline soils are formed under the influence of ground waters enriched with minerals or saline rock. They are common in semi-deserts, desert steppes, where they can extend over vast territories.

In places of close occurrence of groundwater, under conditions of an effusion regime, there is a strong evaporation of water from the soil surface. If groundwater contains minerals, then after evaporation, salts settle in the capillaries of the soil. Over time, the percentage of their content increases. Sometimes salt marshes can form due to improper irrigation, mineralization of halophyte plants rich in sodium, chlorine and sulfur, salt application by wind, etc.

What are saline soils

In appearance, salt marshes are divided into plump, black and wet. Puffy salt marshes are characterized by a high content of sodium sulfate, which makes the topsoil loose. Black salt marshes contain a lot of soda. This soil is poorly permeable to moisture; during irrigation, brown puddles form on it.

A characteristic feature of wet solonchaks is a dark hard crust on the surface, under which there is a layer of waterlogged soil. In such a salt marsh, a high content of calcium chloride and magnesium, due to their ability to absorb water vapor from the air, the soil is saturated with moisture.

Saline soils and agriculture

The solution of salts, which are rich in solonchaks, prevents the flow of nutrients to the roots of plants. In the spring, such soil does not dry out for a long time, and when dried, it becomes covered with a hard crust and becomes extremely difficult to process. On highly saline soils, the crop may not sprout at all or die.

To improve saline soils, it is necessary to carry out reclamation, that is, washing the soil from salts. Land reclamation is usually carried out in autumn, from September to December. Preferably, after flushing, the salt water is flushed from the site to another location.

Reasons for the formation of tornadoes

The mechanism of occurrence of a tornado is still not fully understood. A powerful atmospheric vortex is formed when moist, warm air enters and collides with cold, dry air that has formed over a piece of land or sea. At the point of contact of various air masses, water vapor condenses, water droplets are formed and heat is locally released.

Warm air rises, forming a rarefaction zone into which warm, moist air, clouds, and cold, dry air below are drawn in. This leads to the development of an avalanche-like process of thermal energy release. As a result, a characteristic funnel is formed, inside which the air rises at high speed, twisting in a spiral. A vacuum is created in the funnel, drawing in more and more cold air.

As it descends to the ground, the funnel, acting like a giant vacuum cleaner, draws in whatever the air current can raise. The discharge zone constantly moves in the direction from which cold air enters. From the side, the bizarre curves of a moving tornado are noticeable. Precipitation during this phenomenon, as a rule, is small or completely absent. The greatest number of tornadoes is observed in the central states of the United States, in the coastal regions of Western Europe and in the European territory of Russia.

Tornado classification

The most common are whip-like. Their smooth and thin funnel is like a flexible, twisting hose. The length of the funnel is much greater than its diameter. As a rule, such vortices are quickly destroyed and cannot cause significant damage.

Blurry tornadoes are similar to a cluster of rotating clouds that have descended to the ground. The diameter of such a vortex can exceed its height. As a rule, these are very powerful tornadoes that can cause enormous damage due to high wind speeds.

Composite tornadoes are often observed in the central states of the United States. Several smaller tornadoes form around the central vortex, which is usually vague. Most often, these are powerful tornadoes that cause significant damage to vast territories.

Firestorms are a rare natural phenomenon. They are formed as a result of an extensive fire or volcanic eruption. The whip-like one absorbs fire, which rises along a narrow funnel to a smoky cloud. Such whirlwinds are capable of spreading forest fires for tens of kilometers.

Depending on the substance drawn into the vortex funnel, water, earth and snow tornadoes are distinguished.

Each season is accompanied by characteristic natural phenomena that mark the seasonal changes in nature. So, one of the signs of the onset of winter is traditionally called snow - one of the many types of precipitation of the earth's atmosphere, which has the form of crystalline water ice floes.

Snow texture

Snow forms when two conditions are present: a large amount of moisture in the air and temperatures below 0°C. It has been noted that the heaviest snowfalls occur at relatively high temperatures (from -9°C and above). This is because the higher the air temperature, the more water vapor in it, which, in fact, is a building material for snow. The range of water content in snow is quite large - from 0.1 to 4 cm per 10 cm of snow cover, depending on temperature, wind speed, crystal structure, etc.

Despite its size (about 5 mm on average), it has perfect symmetry, but special attention of researchers is attracted by bizarre shapes and a variety of patterns formed by the interweaving of its faces. In this sense, each snowflake is unique. It is already known that all have clear geometric lines that form a hexagon. This is because the water molecule also has a hexagonal shape. Freezing and turning into an ice crystal, molecules that are in close proximity are captured in a chain according to the same principle. Of course, the bizarre shape is affected by both the level of humidity and the air temperature, but today there is no doubt that a snowflake is a collection of links in a chain of frozen water molecules.

Basic properties

Snow consists of small particles of ice, and therefore is a free-flowing and granular substance. By its structure, it is a rather soft and pliable material, if it is not compacted as a result of any external influence, such as rain or strong winds. After several cycles of melting and freezing, the snow becomes heavy and turns into a dense mass of ice. The presence of snow cover lowers the ambient temperature. This is because the white color of the snow reflects sunlight, and what little heat that is still absorbed goes to melt the snow, and not to increase its temperature.

Another property of the snow cover is the absorption of sound and the reduction of the impact of external noise on the landscape. This is due to the fact that between the snowflakes there are air bubbles that dampen vibrations. Walks in frosty weather on the snow cover are accompanied by a characteristic creak. It is emitted by snow crystals, which, when squeezed, rub against each other, deform and break.

Snow is of great importance in the process of natural life. It is a kind of natural insulator that retains the heat of the earth accumulated in summer, even in the most severe frosts. Thus, preventing plants and small animals from dying. In addition, it creates the necessary supply of moisture needed during spring awakening.

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The natural world around us is simply teeming with various secrets and mysteries. Scientists have been looking for answers for centuries and sometimes trying to explain, but even the best minds of mankind still defy some amazing natural phenomena.

Sometimes one gets the impression that incomprehensible flashes in the sky, spontaneously moving stones do not mean anything special. But, delving into the mysterious manifestations observed on our planet, you understand that it is impossible to answer many questions. Nature carefully hides its secrets, and people put forward new hypotheses, trying to unravel them.

Today we will look at physical phenomena in wildlife that will make you take a fresh look at the world around us.

physical phenomena

Every body is made up of certain substances, but note that different actions affect the same bodies differently. For example, if paper is torn in half, paper will remain paper. But if you set it on fire, then the ashes will remain from it.

When the size, shape, state changes, but the substance remains the same and does not transform into another, such phenomena are called physical. They may be different.

Natural phenomena, examples of which we can observe in everyday life, are:

• Mechanical. The movement of clouds across the sky, the flight of an airplane, the fall of an apple.
• Thermal. caused by temperature changes. In the course of this, the characteristics of the body change. If you heat ice, it becomes water, which turns into steam.
• Electrical. Surely, when you quickly take off your woolen clothes, you have at least once heard a specific crack, similar to an electric discharge. And if you do all this in a dark room, you can still observe sparks. Objects that, after friction, begin to attract lighter bodies are called electrified. Northern lights, lightning during a thunderstorm are prime examples
• light. Bodies that emit light are called. This includes the Sun, lamps, and even representatives of the animal world: some types of deep-seated fish and fireflies.

The physical phenomena of nature, examples of which we have considered above, are successfully used by people in everyday life. But there are those that still excite the minds of scientists and cause universal admiration.

Northern lights

Perhaps this rightfully bears the status of the most romantic. High in the sky, multi-colored rivers form, which cover an endless number of bright stars.

If you want to enjoy this beauty, then it is best to do it in the northern part of Finland (Lapland). There was a belief that the cause of the occurrence was the wrath of the supreme gods. But the legend of the Sami people about the fabulous fox, which hit its tail on the snow-covered plains, was more popular, because of which colored sparks soared up and lit up the night sky.

Clouds in the form of pipes

Such a phenomenon of nature can drag any person into a state of relaxation, inspiration, illusions for a long time. Such sensations are created due to the shape of large pipes that change their shade.

You can see it in those places where a storm front begins to form. This natural phenomenon is most often observed in countries with a tropical climate.

Stones that move in Death Valley

There are various natural phenomena, examples of which are quite explainable from a scientific point of view. But there are some that defy human logic. One of the mysteries of nature is considered. This phenomenon can be observed in the American national park called Death Valley. Many scientists try to explain the movement by strong winds, which are often found in desert areas, and by the presence of ice, since it was in winter that the movement of stones became more intense.

During the research, scientists made observations of 30 stones, the weight of which was no more than 25 kg. In seven years, 28 out of 30 boulders moved 200 meters from the starting point.

Whatever the guesses of scientists, they do not have a definite answer regarding this phenomenon.

Ball lightning

Appearing after a thunderstorm or during it, is called ball lightning. There is an assumption that Nikola Tesla managed to create ball lightning in his laboratory. He wrote that he had not seen anything like this in nature (it was about fireballs), but he figured out how they form, and even managed to recreate this phenomenon.

Modern scientists have not been able to achieve such results. And some even question the existence of this phenomenon as such.

We have considered only some natural phenomena, examples of which show how amazing and mysterious our world around us is. How much more unknown and interesting we have to learn in the process of development and improvement of science. How many discoveries await us ahead?

Beautiful natural phenomena have accompanied us since childhood, for some it was a beautiful sunset with a red sun, and for some it was long autumn night rains. Someone admired frost or dew, and someone bathed in soft snow. However, sometimes nature indulges with such unusual phenomena that some of them literally fascinate, and some can even scare someone. Most often, we just admire them and admire them. Let's talk about the ten most amazing natural phenomena below.

Polar Lights. In some places, this phenomenon is also called northern. This phenomenon has an optical nature, being one of the most beautiful in the world. Auroras can only be observed at high latitudes, not far from the poles. Usually the northern lights are bluish-white in color, multi-colored lights are extremely rare. The cause of this natural effect is the bombardment of the upper atmospheric layers by charged particles, which from near-Earth space move towards the earth along the geomagnetic field lines. The duration of the aurora ranges from several hours to several days, forcing people to admire the beautiful pattern in the sky.

Ball lightning and lightning in general. Any lightning is a discharge of electric current, which, depending on the conditions, takes various forms. Lightning is always accompanied by a bright flash and thunder, usually these phenomena accompany a thunderstorm. Ordinary or linear lightning occurs quite often, probably everyone could observe it. The most amazing of the lightnings is the ball lightning, earlier it was also called the fireball. This phenomenon is quite rare, in nature there are 2-3 ball lightnings per thousand ordinary lightnings. The exact cause of ball lightning is still unknown. Cases have been recorded when they appeared inside houses and even aircraft. And the behavior of these natural phenomena is also not fully understood. Ball lightning ranges from fiery red and orange to yellow in color and usually floats in the air for a few seconds before disappearing.

Blue moon. Many do not even realize that the moon can have such an unusual color. Meanwhile, sometimes with high humidity or dustiness of the atmosphere, as well as other reasons, such an unusual effect can be observed. In this case, the Moon can be painted in other colors. The most unusual of them are red and blue. Such a shade of the satellite is so rare that the British even coined the proverb "once upon a blue moon", which corresponds to our "after rain on Thursday". The appearance of the blue moon is promoted by ashes and burning. Once, during the forest fires in Canada, for a whole week, residents in the sky saw the Moon of exactly this color.

Star Rain. Some call this phenomenon fire rain. In fact, neither stars nor fire fall from the sky. It's just that meteorites, entering the planet's atmosphere, heat up and burn out, creating a flash of light visible from great distances on Earth. Usually a meteor shower or rain is called a stream of meteors of great intensity, there can be up to a thousand of them per hour. In fact, the meteor shower consists of meteors burning in the atmosphere that do not reach the Earth, but the meteor shower is meteorites that fall on the Earth. Previously, these concepts did not distinguish, combining them into one - "fire rain". It is interesting that every year the mass of our planet increases due to fragments of space "guests" and dust by an average of 5 million tons.

Mirages. Although these phenomena are widespread, they usually cause a feeling of wonder akin to the mystical. Many people know and understand the reason for the appearance of mirages - the change of their optical properties by heated air, while causing the same light inhomogeneities that are observed by humans. The origin of mirages has long been explained by science, but they still excite the imagination of people. The optical effect basically has a special vertical air density distribution. In the presence of certain conditions on the horizon, imaginary images appear. Only now, people usually forget about scientific explanations, watching a miracle that is born right before our eyes.

biconvex clouds. The scientific name for this rare meteorological phenomenon is Lenticular mammatus. The picture you see was taken in Joplin, Missouri in May 2005. Then such unusual clouds were observed by the inhabitants of the city. Such an effect is quite rare, so, in this area, the last time a similar phenomenon was observed already 30 years ago.

Fires of Saint Elmo. This phenomenon is as unusual as it is beautiful. The first witnesses were sailors who could observe these lights on the masts and other vertical pointed objects of their ships. This phenomenon looks like beautiful luminous balls that appear due to the large electric field strength. Usually the fires of St. Elmo appear during a thunderstorm, a strong storm or a snowstorm. There were cases when these lights even disabled radio and electrical appliances.

Gloria. To see this effect, you need to light a fire in the mountains at night, choosing weather with low clouds. Then a halo will appear around the head, and your shadow will appear on the clouds. Such a phenomenon is called gloria. In essence, this is an optical phenomenon observed on clouds that are located below the observer or directly in front of him at a point directly opposite to the light source. In the East, it is even customary to call gloria "the light of the Buddha." The shadow of the observer is always surrounded by a colored halo, it is no coincidence that this was interpreted as the degree of his enlightenment or proximity to the deities, in particular, the Buddha.

Fire rainbow. It is called a rounded horizontal arc for its resemblance to a flame, but the rainbow was not created by him at all, but by ice. For this effect to appear, the sun must rise above the horizon by 58 degrees, and cirrus clouds must be present in the sky. But this is not enough, the clouds contain numerous flat hexagonal ice crystals, it is necessary that they be located horizontally, thereby refracting light like one large prism. It is not surprising that a fiery rainbow is an extremely rare phenomenon, it looks very bewitching in the sky.

Belt of Venus. Shortly before sunrise, when it was still twilight, and also immediately after sunset, the sky shone over the horizon, partly colorless, and partly pink. This effect is called the belt of Venus. A colorless strip between the blue sky and the already darkened is a common phenomenon, it can be seen even in the direction opposite the Sun. The blueness of the sky is explained very simply - it is reflected in the atmosphere of sunlight. But the appearance of the belt of Venus is explained differently - this is how the light of the Sun, which rises or sets, is reflected in the atmosphere. At this moment, it was shining and seemed reddened. The Belt of Venus can be seen anywhere with a clear horizon.

I present to your attention the most spectacular article on infodose, here are collected the most incredible photos and videos of miracles that our planet is capable of creating. Enjoy!

• We will start from the frightening frame at the top of the article, it shows

This is one of the most impressive spectacles that nature can offer us, demonstrating its grandiose power. I would not want to be in the place of those people in the photo, seeing such an “Armageddon” that is moving towards you, you immediately begin to feel your little significance in this world, along with the desire to hide “deeper”. But if you do not live in the desert, then you have almost no chance of encountering such a phenomenon. In such a storm, you can easily get lost and even die, suffocated by the sand. So do not underestimate such a large-scale manifestation of the power of nature, which is often visible even from space. 40 million tons of dust are carried into the Amazon from the Sahara desert every year. The video below is really shocking and makes a strong impression. In these US footage, a wall of dust passes through the city of Phoenix, Arizona.

• Further down the course with us fire tornado

Such tornadoes are indeed a rare occurrence, they occur at the sites of fires. But if you are “lucky” to see this, then fear will seize you, and how else to react to a huge whirlwind of fire and smoke, which moves like a tornado rising, as if from the depths of the earth, several tens of meters in height. Really creepy spectacle that still fascinates! The video was filmed in Brazil during forest fires, the residents managed to capture truly unique footage:

• Here is something else similar to the one above, namely solar poles

This phenomenon is not as rare as fire tornadoes, and a lucky enough observer may well see them as luminous columns that seem to emerge from the Sun. Such a beautiful phenomenon is explained by the fact that falling flat ice crystals reflect the light of the sun in the upper atmosphere. These ice crystals usually evaporate before reaching the ground, but in sub-zero temperatures, such crystals can also form near the ground in the form of light snow (sometimes referred to as "ice fog"). And then such crystals can reflect terrestrial fires, thus forming columns similar to solar pillars. In the photo above, pillars of light surround an ice rink in Alaska.

• Next in line is a no less terrible sight caused by whirlpools

This is an even more common phenomenon, small whirlpools have probably seen everything on a river or just a stream. Whirlpools usually arise in a place where the bank goes into the channel and the stream, colliding with them and returning back against the current, as a result of which the water begins to spin and the speed of such rotation depends on the speed of the current in this river, the water always tends to the edges of the whirlpool, creating a depression in the center . Large whirlpools arise according to the same principle, only opposite currents (and not current and shore) collide in them. You can observe such whirlpools in narrow straits between land areas. Here is a video of the most impressive of them:

• And now a hotter place called lavalake.

Usually lava and other molten rocks can be seen during a volcanic eruption. However, there are as many as 5 points on Earth where lava is found on the surface in relatively safe pools. The lava there is clean (not polluted by the volcanic eruption). These "hellish" pools are straight from the center of the earth. Well, I would like to swim there ...

• Also among the wonders of nature should be attributed solar eclipse.

The moon copes with this task perfectly by periodically covering the disk of the sun (even despite the fact that its diameter is 400 times larger (the distance evens out the difference)). But the most beautiful eclipse is when the moon completely covers the disk of the sun and a corona is formed around it from the plasma layer around the Sun (only then the plasma layer becomes visible to the naked eye). It happens the same way annulareclipse, this is when, during an eclipse, the moon is too far away from our planet, and is not able to completely cover it when passing through the disk of the sun

• No less mesmerizing

This beauty cannot be conveyed either by photographs or videos, without realizing the enormous scale and beauty of this miracle without seeing it in reality. They arise due to the bombardment of the upper atmosphere by charged particles that move along the geomagnetic field lines towards the Earth. This is truly indescribable beauty on a cosmic scale!

• Another magical phenomenon is migration monarch butterflies

This is true, an amazing natural phenomenon - tens of millions of monarch butterflies fly from Canada to Mexico for the winter thousands of kilometers from year to year! Butterflies! These unrealistically fragile creatures fly over 3,000 kilometers in a giant dense cloud! It's good that they settle in high-altitude meadows, and not in the city, literally twisting everything around. There are so many of them - that some branches break under thousands of butterflies! The sad thing about this story is that only once in a lifetime can a butterfly make such a journey, as there will be five generations of butterflies before it is time to fly back north. It is amazing that the descendants will unmistakably find their way back! Even now, scientists have not been able to reliably figure out how butterflies do this.

• Geysers in Yellowstone National Park USA

Imagine a thermal spring spewing water to a height of more than 3 meters! And in Yellowstone there are already 80 of them. The periods of their eruption are from fractions of a second to an hour and a half show. Intervals between eruptions range from minutes to many hours. The record height was at the Beehive geyser and amounted to 62.5 meters! Incredibly beautiful:

• Incredibly amazing nightlights

Organisms Noctiluca scintillans at high concentrations and under the influence of mechanical factors turn the sea into a "laser show". Under favorable conditions, nightlights have an impressive neon illumination that paints the sea in an incredibly magical color. This is perhaps one of the most amazing maritime wonders, it cannot be expressed in words!

• Next we have one of the most mysterious natural phenomena - fireball

Sometimes the behavior of such lightning refutes the laws of physics, and it is not possible to study ball lightning in nature, although scientists managed to recreate something similar in laboratory conditions, it did not bring them closer to the solution.

• Mirages another incredible event

Mirages are caused by unevenly heated atmosphere. The rays are refracted and, as it were, allow you to look beyond the horizon, and a person sees what he should not see under normal conditions. The ancient Egyptians believed that the traveler sees a city that no longer exists.

• Another strange phenomenon is biconvex clouds

This is an unusually rare phenomenon that was discovered only 30 years ago. Biconvex clouds (Mammatus clouds) look like a "flying saucer". It is even believed that many UFO eyewitnesses saw this particular type of cloud.

• How scary it looks red tide

It only looks ominous, it is caused by the accumulation of microscopic red algae. It has been proven that the red tide is the cause of the death of fish, and the frequency of its occurrence depends on human pollution of the ocean.

• And now a supernatural phenomenon in general -

This phenomenon is expressed in the electric glow of a white-bluish or simply white light that occurs when a thunderstorm approaches on pointed objects (a mast, a lighthouse, etc.). The phenomenon is named after the patron saint of sailors, since sailors often observed the phenomenon during a storm.

The article took over four hours to write, sources.

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