to acquaint children with the facts of the biography of I. S. Turgenev, the history of creation and the problems of the book “Notes of a Hunter”, necessary for work, to talk about the main functions of the landscape.

2. Developing tasks of the lesson: to teach to work with an artistic color epithet and comprehend its content, to teach to work on the characterization of a literary hero, to identify the function of a landscape in a literary work.

3. Educational tasks of the lesson:

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Synopsis of a lesson in literature in grade 6

Rylova Nadezhda Alexandrovna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

MAOU "SOSH" №2 UIIIA
Noyabrsk, YNAO

Joys and sorrows in the life of peasant children. Analysis of the story by I. S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow".

... darkness fought with light ...

I. S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow".

1. Educational objectives of the lesson:to acquaint children with the facts of the biography of I. S. Turgenev, the history of creation and the problems of the book “Notes of a Hunter”, necessary for work, to talk about the main functions of the landscape.

2. Developing tasks of the lesson:to teach to work with an artistic color epithet and comprehend its content, to teach to work on the characterization of a literary hero, to identify the function of a landscape in a literary work.

1. Educational tasks of the lesson:to bring up such a moral concept as sympathy, empathy, the education of such value categories as love for the motherland, for native nature.

During the classes.

1. 1. The word of the teacher. Outside the window is winter, and we have to plunge into the magic of a summer night, meet a bright summer morning. Guys, you read the story of I. S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow" from the book "Notes of a Hunter". Today we will work on the analysis of this work of art, comprehend its originality.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, on his father's side, belonged to an old noble family - the names of his ancestors have been found in descriptions of historical events since the time of Ivan the Terrible. The writer's mother is a wealthy landowner, the owner of the Spasskoye estate in the Mtsensk district of the Oryol province. Around the spacious two-story manor house, built in the shape of a horseshoe, gardens were laid out, greenhouses and greenhouses were arranged. The future writer was occupied with nature, hunting, and fishing. Until the end of his life, Turgenev retained the "lordly" habits of a native Russian nobleman. The appearance itself betrayed its origin to the inhabitants of European resorts, despite the impeccable command of foreign languages. But at the same time, he began to notice early the unfair treatment of the serfs. And the Russian nobleman, the gentleman, took an oath to himself to fight serfdom to the end.

And in 1852, a book was published that brought Turgenev worldwide fame. This is the book "Notes of a hunter". The hunter visited many places in the Oryol and Kaluga provinces, met people of different classes and shares with the reader his personal impressions of what he saw.

In "Z.o." Turgenev opposed serfdom. For this book, Turgenev was exiled to his own estate, Spasskoe-Lutovinovo, Oryol province, in 1852, without the right to appear in Moscow and St. Petersburg for two years. He not only shows sympathy for the imprisoned peasants, but shows how many interesting, talented, sincere people are among them.

In 1864, Turgenev was invited to an official dinner in honor of the third anniversary of the liberation of the peasants from serfdom. In a speech by dignitary N. Milyutin, it was said: “The sovereign personally announced that he owed to the reading of Turgenev’s “Notes of a Hunter” to a large extent his determination to abolish serfdom.”

1. Textual analysis.

1. Why is walking at night a big holiday for peasant children?For many peasant children, games ended very early, and they began to work on a par with adults, because large families needed the help of even such small, but already working hands. Throughout the day, the children helped their parents with their work. There was no time for conversations, idle walks. Therefore, going out at night, where there is an opportunity to ride a horse, lie down to rest and just chat with peers is a holiday for peasant children.

In Turgenev's story, Ilyusha talks about what works. Where does Ilyusha work with his brother?"We are in foxes."How did the other guys react to it?We see the reaction of Pavlusha, who says with respect: “Look, you are factory workers!”

1. Let's start with the characteristics of boys.Let's focus on the questions. What does the appearance of the boy say, what portrait details does the author pay attention to. How does the character describe his storytelling style? What is the author's attitude to the hero, in what way is it expressed. Which boy do you like the most and why?

Fedya. The only one of the guys who went into the field not out of necessity, but for fun, because he belongs to a rich family. You can see it in the clothes. A motley cotton shirt, a new army jacket, his boots ... were like his boots, not his father's. Outwardly handsome and stately, in addition, he is the eldest, he is aware of his superiority and significance, he behaves accordingly, the author's remarks tell us about this. Fedya busily manages the conversation - “he himself spoke little,as if afraid to lose their dignity», « with a patronizing look Fedya said.

Kostya: a boy of about ten, aroused my curiosity with his thoughtful and sad look. His whole face was small, thin, freckled, .... The author pays special attention to Kostya's eyes: “a strange impression was made by his large, black, glittering eyes with a liquid sheen; they seemed to want to say something, for which there were no words in the language, at least.Why does the author pay special attention to Kostya's eyes?The look characterizes the boy as a very interesting person, some secret is hidden in his eyes.

Ilyusha outwardly unremarkable. "The face of the third, Ilyusha, was rather insignificant." But Ilyusha is the most talented storyteller, "he knew all the rural beliefs better than others."

Vania draws attention to the beauty of the night sky, and before that he is silent for so long:

“Look, look, guys, ... look at God's stars - that the bees are swarming!”. "He put his fresh face out from under the matting,lean on the fistand slowly raised his large, quiet eyes upward.The smallest boy most acutely feels the beauty of nature. Vanya is a good boy: he refuses the hotel offered by Fedya for his sister, appreciates that she is kind.

Pavlusha : "Sitting down on the ground, he dropped his hand on the shaggy nape of one of the dogs, and for a long time the overjoyed animal did not turn its head, looking sideways at Pavlusha with grateful pride." Further, the author calls the boy Pavel, which speaks of his respect for the boy. AND ONLY HIS FURTHER DESTINY is reported by Turgenev.

There is a perilous beginning in Paul.

“His ugly face, animated by a fast ride, burned with a bold prowess and firm determination.The Russian word courage is not equivalent to the word heroism. This is prowess, and prowess is courage in a broad movement. A kind person in the Russian conception of a daring, and not just a brave or courageous, i.e. not prudently going to a bold act, but one who, by personal choice, decides to take a risky step.Turgenev draws attention to the fact that Pavel is a daring rider,Find words in the text that support this idea:“Suddenly there was a clatter of a galloping horse; cool she stopped at the very fire and, clinging to the mane, nimbly Pavlusha jumped off her.

Pavel is really a brave boy: “Well, nothing, let him go! - pronounced Paul emphatically and sat down again - you can’t escape your fate. He alone was not afraid to go after the dogs, who started barking. "I thought it was a wolf," he added indifferent voice, breathing deeply through the chest».

Manner of telling boys.

They say most of all Ilyusha (very emotionally):

Varnavitsa?.. Still! what a mess! There, more than once, they say, they saw the old gentleman ... .. “Ilyusha picked up with confidence, who, as far as I could see, knew all rural beliefs better than others ...”, “ hotly caught Ilyusha.

Kostya, who really believes in what he tells. Kostya very expressively talks about the grief of Feoktista, in which her son drowned, sympathizes with her grief: “how she loved him, Vasya!”

Pavel is laconic, makes observations of what is happening outside the narrow circle of guys, occasionally being interested in the subject of conversation “Look how! ... Why did he [the brownie] cough? Pavel is businesslike. While Ilya talks with fervor about Trishka, repeating the same thing several times: "such an amazing person", Pavel: "continued with his unhurried voice."

1. Let's analyze landscape sketches. See what pictures of nature inspired Turgenev. These are the places of his family estate Spasskoe-Lutovinovo. Our task is to understandWhat role do descriptions of nature play in the story?To do this, we need to know the functions of landscape in a work of art. Let's remember them.

Functions of the landscape in a work of art.

2 The second row writes out words and phrases that characterize the color scheme of the morning at the end of the story.

3 The third row works with the description of the night. Write out the color scheme of the night, night images and sounds.

Morning colors:

Pale pink, golden, forged silver glitter, silver amber.

The color scheme of another morning:

Scarlet, red , golden streams of the young hot light, radiant diamonds, green hills. Measuredly rises (the sun) and " the light was pouring down."

What is the difference between the colors of the first morning and the colors of the second morning?The colors of the first morning are muted, calm, faintly flickering, the colors of the second morning are bright, saturated, filled with energy and vitality.What color, first of all, speaks about it?red-scarlet color causes a state of activity, courage in a person; is the embodiment of joy, pulsating energy, heat. This is the brightest color, the color of courage, strong-willed, life-affirming.

6. Why does the author, describing the morning at the beginning and at the end of the story, draw a contrasting picture?We see the first landscape before the hunter meets the boys, and the second after the meeting, which made both the hunter and the reader think about many things. The second landscape is life-affirming, which is why there is so much living, bright light in it, it conquers the darkness of the night.

What character would you associate red with? With Pavlusha. Which hero suits the silver shimmering starlight best?Vanya, who admires the beauty of the stars.

7. Night approached and grew thundercloud, darkness poured from everywhere . All around fast blackened and subsided. Moving forward with every momentgloomy gloom rose in huge clubs, the sky began to turn blue again - but that was already blue of the night . No light flickered anywhere, no sound was heard.

My chest was sweetly embarrassed, inhaling that special, lingering and fresh smell - the smell of a Russian summer night.What smells fill the Russian summer night?

What is the hunter's state of mind after dark?

“He entered, as if into a cellar”, “horror”, “a sense of mystery”, “gloomy darkness”, “desperately rushed”, “mute”, “the sky hung sadly”, “squeaked pitifully”. The hunter found himself over the abyss.

How does the description of the night change when the hunter sits down at the fire of the peasant boys? Why?

The children's fire is a warm, lively island in the immense darkness of the night. “The picture was wonderful: near the lights, a round reddish reflection trembled and seemed to freeze, resting against the darkness; a thin tongue of light licks the bare branches of the willow and vanishes at once; sharp, long shadows, bursting in for a moment, in turn reached the very lights:darkness fought light».

“the night shone solemnly and regally; countless golden stars seemed to be quietly flowing, twinkling with each other, in the direction of the Milky Way, and, right, looking at them, you seemed to vaguely feel the impetuous, unstoppable run of the earth ... "

We see the beauty and grandeur of nature, which are available to any person, regardless of class, above all of us there is a huge sky with countless stars.

8. Let's draw a conclusion and define the functions of the landscape in the story "Bezhin Meadow".

1. Aesthetic. Turgenev shows the beauty of nature, using the expressive means of language. For example, there are many epithets: a wonderful, golden, lingering smell, a gentle blush.
2. contrast function.In contrast, the description of the first morning and the second is built. And in general, a description of the landscape -day and night, darkness and light.
3. psychological function,when we see the hunter's state of mind as night falls.
4. Culturological.The author continues Pushkin's traditions in describing the Russian original landscape, showing its binarity, duality - meekness and violence (muffled colors and their bright overflow in the morning sky), sadness and enlightenment (an oppressed state with the onset of night and the victory of light in the finale of the story).
5. philosophical function.

Pay attention to the epigraph to the lesson. Darkness fought light.Please explain the direct and figurative meaning of the oppositions in the text - day and night, darkness and light.In the literal sense - the light of fire and the light of the morning are struggling with the darkness of the night. In a figurative sense, fire is one of the elements, a symbol of protection. The story sounds like the voice of the spirit of nature. There is a struggle between good and evil, good forces win, we see this from the life-affirming ending of the story.

In the story Bezhin Meadow everything moves from darkness to light, from darkness to the sun. The source of this movement is nature. There is a dark side and a light side in life. Love and hate. Caring for the neighbor and cruelty, serfdom. Life and death. At the end of the story, the author informs us about the death of Pavlusha.

9. In the life of the peasant children, about whom Turgenev tells, there are both sorrows and joys. What are the joys and what are the sorrows?

1. 10. What did Turgenev's story make you think about?

Homework. Make a film frame based on one of the episodes of the story.

Plan
Introduction
In the center of the "Notes of a Hunter" is the fate of the Russian peasantry.
Main part
The main characters of Bezhina Meadows are peasant boys.
Watching the guys, the narrator gives a general idea of ​​\u200b\u200bpeasant life:
- portrait of children;
- children's stories.
Conclusion
The life of the children is filled with spiritual beauty.
In the middle of the 19th century, I.S. Turgenev creates his famous collection of hunting stories, Notes of a Hunter. In the center of the collection is the fate of the Russian peasantry, which so worried the progressive intelligentsia of that time. Ivan Sergeevich also took a fresh look at the life of a simple Russian peasant. In the story "Bezhin Meadow" the peasant world is shown with all its simplicity, spirituality, spiritual beauty.
The very action of the story is reliably accurately indicated by the writer: Bezhin meadow was only a few kilometers from Spassky-Lutovinovo, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev's own estate. The main characters of the story are peasant boys from neighboring villages who guard the herd. Their way of life is given through the perception of the narrator - a hunter who accidentally got lost while hunting on one of the July days. A picture of the life of peasant children on a summer evening unfolds before the reader. The boys are talking quietly by the fire. Listening to the stories of boys, observing their clothes, behavior, actions, the narrator forms a general idea of ​​peasant life. The guys are simply dressed: patched ports, bast shoes and onuchi, canvas shirts. Only one boy, Fedya, who looks older, according to the author, “belonged, by all indications, to a rich family and went out into the field not out of need, but just for fun.”
Peasant children tell scary stories to each other. And through their attitude to what they heard, the author reveals all the charm of their world. For example, the boy Ilyusha describes a brownie who is found in an old roller blind in a factory and frightens the workers. Kostya tells about Gavrila, a suburban carpenter, who once met a forest mermaid and since then has been “not happy”. Pavlusha speaks of a “foreknowledge of heaven,” which frightened everyone, even the master. The guys believe in evil spirits, evil spirits, witches and sorcerers. And in this faith of theirs one can trace the desire of people for mystery, unknown things, inexplicable phenomena. Belief in miracles, ghosts, good and evil spirits has been preserved among the people since ancient times. Therefore, in the stories told by boys, there are many folklore images: brownies, mermaids, evil spirits. The power of rural beliefs is enormous. The boys talk about people who did not die of their own death, these stories both fascinate and frighten children.
The life of peasant children is deprived of prosperity, material well-being. But filled with real spiritual beauty, spiritualized. At the end of the story, there is an indication of the author about the death of Paul in the same year: "he was killed by falling from a horse." This fact makes the reader take a closer look at peasant life.

The story of I. S. Turgenev about the beliefs of peasant children, who are the main characters of the story "Bezhin Meadow", was first published in N. A. Nekrasov's magazine "Sovremennik" in 1851.

Lost hunter

Realizing that he had lost the right path, our hero wandered until the night, which descended to the earth fragrant, warm and dark. Suddenly, in the distance, he noticed two small lights, and hurried to their light, to the people.

It turned out to be peasant boys who were let go to graze horses at night. They are the main characters of the story "Bezhin Meadow".

By the campfire

There was gloomy darkness all around. The hunter lay quietly under a bush. The children, and there were five of them, decided that he had dozed off, and began to carry on an interrupted conversation. Meanwhile, our hero took a closer look at everyone. Fedya, 14 years old, Pavlusha and Ilyusha, 12 years old, Kostya, about 10 years old, and the youngest, who looked to be seven years old, Vanyusha, are the main characters. Bezhin meadow, where they grazed horses, was located near the river and very far from the hunter's house.

Fedya and Pavlusha

Fedya is the oldest boy, slender and handsome, with blond curly hair and bright eyes, obviously grew up in a wealthy family. His clothes were nice and new, and the boots were his own, not his father's. He rode out at night for fun.

His position required holding considerably. Pavlusha, with tousled hair and gray eyes, was squat and clumsy. His pockmarked face was intelligent, and his voice sounded significant. He could not boast of clothes, but this was not the main thing in him.

This is what the main characters looked like. Bezhin meadow, where they were, became mysterious at night. Pavlusha will play a special role in the story. Four other boys (they are also the main characters, "Bezhin Meadow") I. Turgenev will not characterize as clearly as Pavlusha.

Ilyusha, Kostya and Vanya

Ilyusha had an insignificant face, he constantly squinted at the fire and pulled a cap over his almost yellow hair. He was neatly dressed in new bast shoes and onuchi and a black scroll. Kostya, sad and thin, as if he wanted to tell something, but it seemed that he lacked words. Vanya, lying on the ground and covered up to his curly head with matting, as it turns out later, was a poetic and kind boy. Here are all the main characters. Bezhin meadow united different boys that night. They all loved to listen to the terrible stories that Ilyusha told the most. The main characters ("Bezhin Meadow") Turgenev - children with different characters. We will now look at each of them in detail.

The main characters ("Bezhin meadow"), their characteristics

Fedya - the position obliges him to behave laconicly and it is important not to drop his dignity. He tries to keep a patronizing air towards all the boys.

Pavlusha is the brightest of all the guys, despite his ugliness. Scary stories that take everyone's breath away pour out of him. Pavlusha can tell an infinite number of scary stories. He is the only one who heard how the brownie walks at night, rearranging objects at night in an old paper mill. Significantly, he explains to those present that it is impossible to see the brownie.

On a dark night, his stories become completely believable. Pavlusha himself is not afraid of anything. When it seemed to him that the herd was attacked by wolves, he jumped on his horse, the dogs flew after him, and only he was seen. When he returned, saying that, fortunately, there were no wolves, everyone was amazed at his courage and determination. No less bravely, he went to the river for water. Everyone was afraid that the water one might drag him away. But Pavlusha returned, as if nothing had happened, bringing water. All his behavior shows the reader an intelligent boy with a strong character. At the end, the author says that Pavlusha died in the same year. He fell off his horse and fell to his death.

Characteristics of Ilyusha

Ilyusha is the same age as Pavel, he also knows local beliefs well, but tells them in a hoarse, weak voice. Ilyusha's story about the drowned man also captures the imagination of the boys, and they listen to him with unflagging attention, because the story turns into the appearance of a werewolf ram who can speak human language. Ilyusha is happy to tell a story about a rebellious dead man who at night is looking for a gap-grass.

He is asked with surprise about this story and, in general, when you can see the dead. He even knows how to scout out who will die this year. Everyone is amazed. But in general, Ilyusha, unlike all the kids, is already working with his brother at the factory. This causes the respect of children, as well as his deep knowledge. Here they are - the main characters ("Bezhin meadow") Turgenev.

Kostya and Vanya

Kostya, a weak and thin boy, even seemingly sickly, in a thin voice told the story of the mermaid, which he had heard from his father. A carpenter from the settlement of Gavrila got lost in the forest, and he met a wondrous wonder: a silver mermaid with green hair sways on a branch and calls him to her.

Gavrila really wanted to approach her, but he laid a cross on himself. And the hand was heavy, barely raised. The little mermaid was sad and told Gavrila that he, too, would now always be gloomy, and disappeared. So Gavrila walks eternally sad. But in general, Kostya is a coward. He would not have dared, like Pavel, to go to disperse the wolves, and the cries of the heron over the river frightened him.

The youngest and most inconspicuous is curly Vanya. He lay all night without getting up, so that the author did not see him at first.

He says with a slight burr, in a very childlike voice. He only listens to his older comrades, but he does not say anything. When he is offered a gift, he, a kind and caring boy, asks to give it to his sister, because Anyuta is a good girl.

So all the main characters of the story "Bezhin Meadow" are described. The characterization shows us the spiritual beauty of children with their little weaknesses. I. Turgenev is probably the first of the Russian writers who dwelled in such detail on the topic of child psychology.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev belongs to the galaxy of remarkable Russian writers of the 19th century, who received world recognition and the love of readers during their lifetime. In his works, he poetically described the pictures of Russian nature, the beauty of human feelings. The work of Ivan Sergeevich is a complex world of human psychology. With the story "Bezhin Meadow", the image of the children's world and child psychology was first introduced into Russian literature. With the appearance of this story, the theme of the world of Russian peasants expanded.

History of creation

Peasant children are drawn by the writer with tenderness and love, he notes their rich spiritual world, the ability to feel nature and its beauty. The writer aroused in readers love and respect for peasant children, made them think about their future fate. The story itself is part of a large cycle under the general title "Notes of a Hunter". The cycle is notable for the fact that for the first time in Russian literature, types of Russian peasants are brought to the stage, described with such sympathy and detail that Turgenev's contemporaries considered that a new estate had appeared that was worthy of a literary description.

In 1843 I.S. Turgenev met the famous critic V.G. Belinsky, who inspired him to create the "Hunter's Notes". In 1845, Ivan Sergeevich decided to devote himself entirely to literature. He spent summers in the countryside, devoting all his free time to hunting and socializing with peasants and their children. The plans for the creation of the work were announced for the first time in August-September 1850. At that time, notes containing plans for writing the story appeared on the draft manuscript. At the beginning of 1851, the story was written in St. Petersburg and in February was published in the Sovremennik magazine.

Analysis of the work

Plot

The story is told from the perspective of the author, who loves to hunt. One day in July, while hunting for black grouse, he got lost and, going to the fire of a burning fire, went to a huge meadow, which the locals called Bezhin. Five peasant boys were sitting near the fire. Asking them for a lodging for the night, the hunter lay down by the fire, watching the boys.

In the further narration, the author describes five heroes: Vanya, Kostya, Ilya, Pavlusha and Fedor, their appearance, characters and stories of each of them. Turgenev has always been partial to spiritual and emotionally gifted people, sincere and honest. These are the people he describes in his works. Most of them live hard, while they adhere to high moral principles, are very demanding of themselves and others.

Heroes and characteristics

With deep sympathy, the author describes five boys, each of whom has his own character, appearance, and characteristics. Here is how the writer describes one of the five boys, Pavlusha. The boy is not very handsome, his face is wrong, but the author notices a strong character in his voice and look. His appearance speaks of the extreme poverty of the family, since all his clothes consisted of a simple shirt and patched trousers. It is he who is entrusted to monitor the stew in the pot. He speaks with knowledge of the matter about the fish splashing in the water and about the star that rolled down from the sky.

From his actions and speech, it is clear that he is the most courageous of all the guys. This boy causes the greatest sympathy not only for the author, but also for the reader. With one twig, not afraid, at night, he rode alone on the wolf. Pavlusha knows all animals and birds very well. He is brave and not afraid to accept. When he says that it seemed to him what the waterman called him, the cowardly Ilyusha says that this is a bad omen. But Pavel answers him that he does not believe in omens, but believes in fate, from which you cannot escape anywhere. At the end of the story, the author informs the reader that Pavlusha died after falling from his horse.

Next comes Fedya, a fourteen-year-old boy “with handsome and thin, slightly small features, curly blond hair, bright eyes and a constant half-joyful, half-scattered smile. He belonged, by all indications, to a wealthy family and went into the field not out of need, but just for fun. He is the oldest among the guys. He behaves importantly, by the right of an elder. He speaks patronizingly, as if fearing to drop his dignity.

The third boy, Ilyusha, was completely different. Also a simple peasant boy. He looks no more than twelve years old. His insignificant, long, hook-nosed face had a permanent expression of dull, sickly solicitude. His lips were compressed and did not move, and his eyebrows were drawn together, as if he was squinting from the fire all the time. The boy is neat. As Turgenev describes his appearance, "the rope carefully pulled together his neat black scroll." He is only 12 years old, but he already works with his brother in a paper mill. It can be concluded that he is a hardworking and responsible boy. Ilyusha, as the author noted, knew well all the popular beliefs, which Pavlik completely denied.

Kostya looked no more than 10 years old, his small freckled face was pointed like a squirrel's, huge black eyes stood out on him. He was also poorly dressed, thin, of small stature. He spoke in a thin voice. The author's attention is attracted by his sad, thoughtful look. He is a little cowardly boy, but, nevertheless, goes out with the boys every night to graze horses, sit by the night fire and listen to scary stories.

The most inconspicuous boy of all five is ten-year-old Vanya, who was lying near the fire, "quietly crouching under the angular matting, and only occasionally sticking out his blond curly head from under it." He is the youngest of all, the writer does not give him a portrait description. But all his actions, admiring the night sky, admiring the stars, which he compares with bees, characterize him as an inquisitive, sensitive and very sincere person.

All the peasant children mentioned in the story are very close to nature, they literally live in unity with it. From early childhood, they already know what work is, they independently learn about the world around them. This is facilitated by work at home and in the field, and during trips to the "night". Therefore, Turgenev describes them with such love and reverent attention. These children are our future.

The writer's story does not belong only to the time of its creation, to the 19th century. This story is profoundly modern and timely at all times. Today, more than ever, a return to nature is required, to the understanding that it is necessary to protect it and live with it in unity, like a beloved mother, but not a stepmother. To educate our children on labor and respect for it, on respect for the working person. Then the world around us will change, become cleaner and more beautiful.

Shchebetovskaya schoolI-IIIsteps

Lesson-conversation with elements of dramatization

in the 7th grade

"Picture of Peasant Children

in the story of I.S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow"

Teacher Levina L.P.

Subject : The image of peasant children in the story of I.S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow".

Target : to arouse students' interest in Turgenev's portrayal of peasant children. Show how, with the help of direct and indirect artistic characteristics, the author reveals to us the inquisitiveness, curiosity, impressionability of children. Compare the depiction of children by artists and writers of the 19th century. To instill in students a sense of kindness, compassion.

Equipment : blackboard, portrait of I.S. Turgenev, reproductions of paintings by V.G. Perov "Troika" and V.G. Makovsky "Date", books by L.N. Tolstoy, N.A. Nekrasov, I.S. Turgenev.

"Oh dear rascals! Who often saw them

He, I believe, loves peasant children,

… There is so much poetry in their lives…”

(N.A. Nekrasov)

During the classes

Organizing time.

Announcement of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Work on the topic of the lesson.

teacher's word . Many writers and poets of the 19th century dedicated their works of art to peasant children. Let us recall the famous poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Peasant Children". With what love the poet describes village children, their fun and work in winter and summer, autumn and spring. With what warmth he portrays children's curiosity, love for nature, children's friendship, carelessness and the ability to have fun. Describes N.A. with sympathy. Nekrasov blond heads of children, calls them "cute rogues."

Peasant children pleased with their abilities, talent and L.N. Tolstoy, who in 1859 opened a school for them on his estate Yasnaya Polyana. L.N. Tolstoy admired the writings of his students, even writing an article on the topic “Who should learn to write from whom: peasant children from us or us from peasant children?”

The famous Russian writer “writes the alphabet”, according to which, in his words, “all children from royal to peasant will learn.”

His wonderful “Stories for Children”, among which “Philippok”, which we have loved since childhood, are still very popular among young readers.

The story of A.P. Chekhov "Vanka" cannot leave us indifferent. A story about an orphan boy Vanka Zhukov, who was given "as an apprentice" to a city shoemaker. Oh, and Vanka suffered troubles and sufferings there! In the 10th grade, guys, we will study the work of F.M. Dostoevsky, namely his immortal work "Crime and Punishment". In this novel, the author also touches upon the terrible, hungry and hopeless fate of the “poor children” of the Marmeladovs.

Russian artists of the 19th century: V.G. Perov, V.M. Vasnetsov, V.G. Makovsky also did not disregard this topic. Take, for example, Perov's painting Troika. It depicts three children who, with their last strength, pull a sleigh loaded with a heavy barrel of water up a hillock. Choking from the weight and wind, the children strain all their strength. The painting "Troika" was exhibited in Paris and was awarded a gold medal. Perov was awarded the honorary title of academician of painting by the Academy of Arts.

The story of I.S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow" is also dedicated to peasant children. It was published in 1851 in the Sovremennik magazine. First, the genre of this story was defined by Turgenev as stories, then as legends, and then as beliefs. Modern folklorists call this genre bylichka. The story "Bezhin Meadow" is included in the book "Notes of a Hunter".

Question for students Q: Why is the book named that way?

Answer : The book is named so because in each of the 25 stories there is a hunter-storyteller who came to the forest not to kill birds and animals, but only to admire the beauties of nature.

Question for students : What descriptions do we observe in the story?

Answer : Descriptions of nature (morning, afternoon, evening, night of one July day). Description of boys, bonfire fires, horses, dogs.

Let's read the beginning of the story. (Reading the beginning of the story.) Music sounds softly, symbolizing the onset of morning (R. Shchedrin, “Musical Offering”)

In this passage, we note the artistic means of depiction with which the author draws pictures of the onset of a “beautiful July day”, the appearance of “many round high clouds, golden gray, with delicate white edges” around noon and their slow disappearance towards evening. We note the comparison "scarlet radiance, like a carefully carried candle."

There are no harsh colors in these paintings: gentle, caressing tones prevail. This opening is followed by a story about a hunter who got lost in the forest and searched in vain for a way.

Let's guys find a description of the coming night. (Description of the night.) Finally, the hunter wandered into the Bezhin Meadow. There he saw peasant children sitting near the fire, who cautiously allowed him to stay by the fire until morning.

Now try to answerquestion Q: What role does the landscape play in the story?

Answer : The landscape is, first of all, the place of action. He helps us to learn more about the peasant children who grew up in the "bosom of nature."

The hunter admired the boys. Let's get to know them too. (Pre-trained students give portrait characteristics of the boys, highlight the details characteristic of each of them.)

- A story about Fed.

Fedya says nothing. It keeps a little apart, not merging with the children of the poor. Fedya is distrustful, does not really believe in the stories of the guys.

- The story of Pavlush.

There is something attractive about Paul. He has a clear intelligent look, a strong voice, he is calm and self-confident. What attracts him even more is his work. All the guys were sitting, and he cooked potatoes for them, followed the fire. And the stories of Pavlusha differed from the stories of the guys. He always talked about what he himself saw, there was humor in his stories, all the guys laughed heartily. Pavlusha saved other people's horses from the wolf. Desperate courage led him to death.

- The story of Ilyusha.

Ilyusha sincerely believes in folk legends, beliefs about brownies, mermaids. He is most convinced of the existence of all evil spirits. He has a boundless imagination.

- A story about Costa.

Kostya describes nature best of all in his stories. He sees something fabulous in the life of forests, fields. Dreaminess and poetry are manifested in his speech. But Kostya is a coward. He is afraid of everything incomprehensible, even the cry of a frog.

- A story about Van.

Vanya is inactive during the night. He sleeps under the mat. Only in the dead of night, when the sky was brightly lit up with stars, Vanya enthusiastically exclaims: “Look, guys, at God's stars - that the bees are swarming!”

Conversation with students .

Question: How many stories did the boys tell? Who are these stories about?

Answer : The boys told 13 short stories. These are stories about brownies, goblin, water.

Question : Why were the boys superstitious?

Answer : These mysterious and terrible creatures, in some very distant times from us and from these boys, embodied the formidable and incomprehensible forces of nature. Adults believed in them, and even more so children - the most trusting and impressionable.

Campfire Stories. (takes place in the form of a dramatization)

The boys sit around a makeshift "bonfire" and tell scary stories. In the lesson we present some of them.

Conversation with students after watching the dramatization.

Question: What in this dramatization attracted your attention?

Answer: Poetic, vivid, figurative speech of storytellers, revealing the inner world of each child, the range of his feelings, beliefs, experiences.

Summary of the lesson.

Today we got acquainted with direct characteristics, authorial and indirect (the speech of the characters, their actions, their attitude towards each other).

We saw how I.S. Turgenev skillfully characterizes peasant children with an artistic word, shows their inquisitive mind, active attitude to life, prudence, daring, and firm determination. The writer closely links the life of peasant children with nature.

The story "Bezhin Meadow" left a lot of emotions in our souls: love for nature, interest in the life of your guys, peers in the distant 19th century, and most importantly - the ability to sympathize, empathize.