1. What is the reason for the formation of an echo? Why doesn't echo occur in a small, furniture-filled room? Justify answers.

Echo occurs when sound is reflected from an obstacle and the sound wave returns.

In a small room, the original and reflected sound is heard almost simultaneously and is still absorbed and scattered by the furniture. In a large, semi-empty room, sound does not dissipate and the distance and time of arrival of the reflected sound wave is greater.

2. How can the sound properties of a large hall be improved?

To do this, the walls of the hall are lined with sound-absorbing materials that prevent the formation of an echo or hum.

3. Why does sound travel a greater distance when using a horn?

When using a horn, the sound is less scattered, so it has more power and travels a greater distance.

4. Give examples of the manifestation of sound resonance, not mentioned in the text of the paragraph.

If you open the piano and sing some note over the strings, you can hear that the instrument responds. The voice acts on all the strings of the piano, but only those that are in resonance respond. Another example of sound resonance is the guitar. In a properly tuned guitar, when a certain string is clamped, you can see that the other one resonates with the oscillating clamped string.

5. Why are tuning forks mounted on resonator boxes? What is the purposeresonators used in musical instruments?

Resonator boxes contribute to the amplification of the sound, it becomes louder, although less long.

Resonators in musical instruments amplify the sound and create a certain timbre of the instrument.

Walking along a board thrown over a ditch, one can step into resonance with the system's own period (a board with a person on it), and then the board begins to oscillate strongly (bending up and down). The same thing can happen with a bridge over which a military unit passes or a train passes (periodic force is due to kicks or wheel strikes at the junctions of the rails). For example, in 1906 Petersburg, the so-called Egyptian bridge across the Fontanka River collapsed. This happened when a cavalry squadron was crossing the bridge, and the clear step of the horses, perfectly trained in the ceremonial march, fell into resonance with the period of the bridge. To prevent such cases, when crossing bridges, military units are usually ordered not to “keep pace”, but to walk freely. Trains, for the most part, cross bridges at a slow speed, so that the period of impacts of the wheels on the joints of the rails is much longer than the period of free vibrations of the bridge. Sometimes the reverse method of "detuning" periods is used: trains rush through bridges at maximum speed. It happens that the period of impacts of the wheels at the junctions of the rails coincides with the period of vibrations of the car on the springs, and then the car sways very strongly. The ship also has its own swing period on the water. If sea waves are in resonance with the period of the ship, then the pitching becomes especially strong. The captain then changes the speed of the ship or its course. As a result, the period of the waves attacking the ship changes (due to a change in the relative speed of the ship and the will) and moves away from resonance. The imbalance of machines and engines (insufficient alignment, shaft deflection) is the reason that during the operation of these machines a periodic force arises that acts on the machine support - the foundation, the ship's hull, etc. The period of the force may coincide with the period of free oscillations of the support or , for example, with the period of vibrations of the bending of the rotating shaft itself or with the period of torsional vibrations of this shaft. Resonance is obtained, and forced oscillations can be so strong that they destroy the foundation, break shafts, etc. In all such cases, special measures are taken to avoid resonance or weaken its effect (detuning of periods, increasing attenuation - damping, etc.). Obviously, in order to obtain a certain range of forced oscillations with the help of the smallest periodic force, it is necessary to act in resonance. Even a child can swing the heavy tongue of a large bell if he pulls on the rope with a period of free oscillation of the tongue. But the strongest person will not swing his tongue, pulling the rope out of resonance.

Before starting to get acquainted with the phenomena of resonance, one should study the physical terms associated with it. There are not so many of them, so it will not be difficult to remember and understand their meaning. So, first things first.

What is the amplitude and frequency of movement?

Imagine an ordinary yard where a child sits on a swing and waves its legs to swing. At the moment when he manages to swing the swing and they reach from one side to the other, you can calculate the amplitude and frequency of movement.

Amplitude is the greatest length of deviation from the point where the body was in equilibrium. If we take our example of a swing, then the amplitude can be considered the highest point to which the child has swung.

And frequency is the number of oscillations or oscillatory movements per unit of time. The frequency is measured in Hertz (1 Hz = 1 oscillation per second). Let's return to our swing: if the child passes in 1 second only half of the entire length of the swing, then its frequency will be equal to 0.5 Hz.

How is frequency related to the phenomenon of resonance?

We have already found out that the frequency characterizes the number of vibrations of an object in one second. Imagine now that an adult helps a weakly swinging child to swing, pushing the swing over and over again. At the same time, these shocks also have their own frequency, which will increase or decrease the swing amplitude of the "swing-child" system.

Suppose an adult pushes the swing at the time when they move towards him, in which case the frequency will not increase the amplitude of the movement. That is, an external force (in this case, pushes) will not contribute to the amplification of the system's oscillation.

If the frequency with which an adult swings a child is numerically equal to the swing frequency itself, a resonance phenomenon may occur. In other words, an example of resonance is the coincidence of the frequency of the system itself with the frequency of forced oscillations. It is logical to imagine that frequency and resonance are interrelated.

Where can you see an example of resonance?

It is important to understand that examples of the manifestation of resonance are found in almost all areas of physics, from sound waves to electricity. The meaning of resonance is that when the frequency of the driving force is equal to the natural frequency of the system, then at that moment it reaches its highest value.

The following example of resonance will give an understanding of the essence. Let's say you're walking on a thin plank thrown across a river. When the frequency of your steps coincides with the frequency or period of the entire system (board-man), then the board begins to oscillate strongly (bending up and down). If you continue to move in the same steps, then the resonance will cause a strong amplitude of oscillation of the board, which is beyond the allowable value of the system and this will eventually lead to the inevitable failure of the bridge.

There are also those areas of physics where you can use such a phenomenon as useful resonance. The examples may surprise you, because we usually use it intuitively, without even realizing the scientific side of the issue. So, for example, we use resonance when we try to pull a car out of a hole. Remember, the easiest way to achieve a result is only when you push the car at the moment of its movement forward. This example of resonance amplifies the range of motion, thereby helping to pull the car.

Examples of Harmful Resonance

It is difficult to say which resonance in our life is more common: good or harming us. History knows a considerable number of terrifying consequences of the phenomenon of resonance. Here are the most famous events in which an example of resonance can be observed.

1. In France, in the city of Angers, in 1750, a detachment of soldiers walked in step across a chain bridge. When the frequency of their steps coincided with the frequency of the bridge, the range of oscillation (amplitude) increased dramatically. There was a resonance, and the chains broke, and the bridge collapsed into the river.
2. There were cases when a house in the villages was destroyed due to a truck driving along the main road.

As you can see, resonance can have very dangerous consequences, which is why engineers should carefully study the properties of building objects and correctly calculate their vibration frequencies.

Useful Resonance

The resonance is not limited to the dire consequences. With a careful study of the surrounding world, one can observe many good and beneficial results of resonance for a person. Here is one vivid example of resonance, which allows people to receive aesthetic pleasure.

The device of many musical instruments works on the principle of resonance. Let's take a violin: the body and the string form a single oscillatory system, inside of which there is a pin. It is through it that the oscillation frequencies are transmitted from the upper soundboard to the lower one. When luthier draws the bow along the string, the latter, like an arrow, defeats its friction on the rosin surface and flies in the opposite direction (starts moving in the opposite area). There is a resonance, which is transmitted to the body. And inside it there are special holes - efs, through which the resonance is brought out. This is how it is controlled in many stringed instruments (guitar, harp, cello, etc.).

Before starting to get acquainted with the phenomena of resonance, one should study the physical terms associated with it. There are not so many of them, so it will not be difficult to remember and understand their meaning. So, first things first.

What is the amplitude and frequency of movement?

Imagine an ordinary yard where a child sits on a swing and waves its legs to swing. At the moment when he manages to swing the swing and they achieve uniform movement from one side to the other, you can calculate the amplitude and frequency of movement.

Amplitude is the greatest length of deviation from the point where the body was in equilibrium. If we take our example of a swing, then the amplitude can be considered the highest point to which the child has swung.

And frequency is the number of oscillations or oscillatory movements per unit of time. The frequency is measured in Hertz (1 Hz = 1 oscillation per second). Let's return to our swing: if the child passes in 1 second only half of the entire length of the swing, then its frequency will be equal to 0.5 Hz.

How is frequency related to the phenomenon of resonance?

We have already found out that the frequency characterizes the number of vibrations of an object in one second. Imagine now that an adult helps a weakly swinging child to swing, pushing the swing over and over again. At the same time, these shocks also have their own frequency, which will increase or decrease the swing amplitude of the "swing-child" system.

Let's say an adult pushes the swing at the time when they move towards him, in this case the frequency will not increase the amplitude of the movement of the hanging swing. That is, an external force (in this case, shocks) will not contribute to the amplification of the oscillations of the system.

If the frequency with which an adult swings a child is numerically equal to the swing frequency itself, a resonance phenomenon may occur. In other words, an example of resonance is the coincidence of the frequency of the system itself with the frequency of forced oscillations. It is logical to imagine that the frequency of forced oscillations and resonance are interrelated.

Where can you see an example of resonance?

It is important to understand that examples of the manifestation of resonance are found in almost all areas of physics, from sound waves to electricity. The meaning of resonance is that when the frequency of the driving force is equal to the natural frequency of the system, then at this moment the amplitude of the oscillations reaches its highest value.

The following example of resonance will give an understanding of the essence. Let's say you're walking on a thin plank thrown across a river. When the frequency of your steps coincides with the frequency or period of the entire system (board-man), then the board begins to oscillate strongly (bending up and down). If you continue to move in the same steps, then the resonance will cause a strong amplitude of oscillation of the board, which is beyond the allowable value of the system and this will eventually lead to the inevitable failure of the bridge.

There are also those areas of physics where you can use such a phenomenon as useful resonance. The examples may surprise you, because we usually use it intuitively, without even realizing the scientific side of the issue. So, for example, we use resonance when we try to pull a car out of a hole. Remember, the easiest way to achieve a result is only when you push the car at the moment of its movement forward. This example of resonance amplifies the range of motion, thereby helping to pull the car.

Examples of Harmful Resonance

It is difficult to say which resonance in our life is more common: good or harming us. History knows a considerable number of terrifying consequences of the phenomenon of resonance. Here are the most famous events in which an example of resonance can be observed.

1. In France, in the city of Angers, in 1750, a detachment of soldiers walked in step across a chain bridge. When the frequency of their steps coincided with the frequency of free vibrations of the bridge, the range of vibrations (amplitude) increased dramatically. There was a resonance, and the chains broke, and the bridge collapsed into the river.
2. There were cases when a house in the villages was destroyed due to a truck driving along the main road.

As you can see, resonance can have very dangerous consequences, which is why engineers should carefully study the properties of building objects and correctly calculate their vibration frequencies.

Useful Resonance

The resonance is not limited to the dire consequences. With a careful study of the surrounding world, one can observe many good and beneficial results of resonance for a person. Here is one vivid example of resonance, which allows people to receive aesthetic pleasure.

The device of many musical instruments works on the principle of resonance. Let's take a violin: the body and the string form a single oscillatory system, inside of which there is a pin. It is through it that the oscillation frequencies are transmitted from the upper soundboard to the lower one. When luthier draws the bow along the string, the latter, like an arrow, defeats the friction of the rosin surface with its elastic force and flies in the opposite direction (starts moving in the opposite area). There is a resonance, which is transmitted to the body. And inside it there are special holes - efs, through which the resonance is brought out. This is how it is controlled in many stringed instruments (guitar, harp, cello, etc.).

What do the sounds of beautiful music, swings, thunderstorms and prayer have in common? How are we connected to our Earth? And what happens when healers work? This phenomenon is given a very simple definition - resonance.

Resonance as the basis of all phenomena in nature With the transition to the new century, as usual, there was no shortage of predictions about the trends in the development of science and technology. Statements about the future of humanity itself as a species were much less common. If we do not take into account global cataclysms such as flooding, glaciation or a collision with an asteroid, then perhaps the most important, pronounced large-scale phenomenon that can greatly affect a person is electromagnetic fields. Even for those whose invisible world is inhabited by angels, demons and other entities, it is really permeated with electromagnetic vibrations, vibrations of various frequencies, generated both by man and by nature itself. However, we see less than one percent of all this splendor.

These vibrations propagate in the form of waves. It is remarkable that oscillations and waves of any nature are described by the same equations. And if we understand some concepts that are convenient for reasoning about oscillations and waves, then quite unexpectedly we will be able to come to very different phenomena in life, which we definitely thought about, but “we had no one to ask.” Let's start with what is easier to feel.

Vibrations and vibrations, waves, resonance in music Here, for example, is a delightful phenomenon - resonance. Not only musicians know that if it weren't for resonance, music wouldn't exist. By plucking a string, striking it with a hammer, or blowing air through a tube, the performer creates only a slight initial vibration. It would have gone unnoticed if it were not for the resonator, or, more simply, the body of the instrument, which is able to respond to each frequency, amplify it, and give it a timbre.

This is possible because this resonator has its own resonant frequencies, that is, it is able to amplify, color and prolong some of the vibrations of the string. But not any, but only those that are close to the so-called natural frequencies. And these latter depend, first of all, on the size and shape of the resonator body. And also from many subtleties, which include the type of wood, its moisture content, etc. This is where the craftsmanship of the instrument maker, which we hear so often, comes into play. If successful, the instrument will sing in the hands of the performer in full accordance with the music that sounds in his soul.

It is interesting that, according to modern concepts, the organs and systems of the human body have their own vibration frequencies, which the sound wave enhances or suppresses, thereby affecting their functions.

There are resonances of another kind. Mechanical resonance, for example. You can feel the mechanical resonance well, indulging in everyone's favorite fun activity - swinging on a swing. Entertaining ourselves or a child, we apply the force of the desired direction at a strictly defined moment. The exact formula for determining this moment is rather complicated, oddly enough. But everyone easily defines it instinctively. It would be very strange for a person who tries to swing the swing, pushing them at the wrong time, that is, not in resonance with his own frequency of vibrations. At this point, it is appropriate to say, finally, what is the frequency of oscillation. It shows how many times per second the swing will come to the same place in its trajectory. Well, let's say for definiteness - to the place where they are pushed. And if the oscillation frequency of the swing coincides with the frequency of the jolts, a resonance phenomenon occurs - then the amplitude of the swing oscillations will increase. For our further reasoning, it is important that at resonance, some external influences are synchronized in time with the internal properties of the system, that is, the principle “at the right time in the right place” is maximally implemented.

The phenomenon of mechanical resonance can also cause terrible harm. There is a known case of the destruction of a bridge along which a company of soldiers marched. The bridge was probably designed for very heavy loads. But resonance! Who could have imagined that the natural frequency of the bridge would coincide with the rhythm of the company's advancement. The soldiers walked in step, synchronously minted a step, like one big soldier. And exactly with the frequency that was resonant for this bridge! Since then, the charter noted that when moving across the bridge, it is necessary to knock down the step.

We got acquainted with sound and mechanical resonances. And now it will be easier to deal with the most interesting resonances - electromagnetic.

Resonance of another level of interaction - electromagnetic

Schumann resonance We live in a layer between the Earth's surface and the ionosphere, the lower boundary of which is located at a level of about 80 km and is called the Heaviside layer. If we imagine the Earth as an orange 5 centimeters in size, then this layer will be at a height of 3 millimeters, that is, this layer is very close to the Earth. Long-wave radio communication is possible only thanks to the Heaviside layer, because it is from it that the radio waves that circle the Earth are reflected. The earth is a good conductor of electricity, in any case, it has enough water for this, and two-thirds of it is the salt water of the oceans. In the ionosphere, there is also something to provide conductivity - sunlight separates electrons from the molecules of gases of a rarefied atmosphere, plasma is created. In the space between these spheres there is air, a weak conductor. It turns out a symmetrical spherical capacitor formed by two conducting spheres placed in each other. In this case, the Earth is negatively charged, and the ionosphere is positively charged. Such a system is called a waveguide; electromagnetic waves propagate well in it.

Those waves that are resonant for this giant natural waveguide can go around the Earth several times. It is completely analogous to how sound resonates in the volume of a musical instrument. What are these frequencies? In 1949, Professor of the Technical University of Munich Winfred Otto Schumann posed such a problem to his students in electrophysics classes. If we approach the issue approximately and simply, it is enough to know the dimensions of the Earth and its ionosphere in order to calculate these frequencies. It turned out that electromagnetic waves of rather low, even ultra-low frequency - 10 hertz - can propagate (resonate) in the Earth-ionosphere cavity. Soon Schumann discovered such waves experimentally and published an article about it in some physics journal. These waves became known as Schumann resonances. And where did they come from, these waves, in the cavity of the Earth - the ionosphere? Lightning! It turns out that there are so many of them near the Earth - on average, about a hundred discharges per minute. Lightning produces a whole spectrum of electromagnetic vibrations. But only those of them that coincide with the natural frequencies of a natural waveguide, that is, with a calculated frequency of about 10 hertz, can go around the Earth several times per second.

No one at first attached much importance to these discoveries, not even Schumann himself. Moreover, in fact, similar ideas have already roamed the world before. Their author, the brilliant Serb Nikola Tesla, created artificial lightning at the end of the nineteenth century. He discovered that during the discharge, waves of very low frequency appear. And they can penetrate deep into the Earth without weakening because they resonate with the Earth's own vibrations. Moreover, a standing wave is formed that runs around the Earth. These studies of Tesla were not supported then - the time has not come. It came 50 years later - with the works of Schumann.

Resonance and a new look at vibrations and frequency in science, Schumann resonance Healthy curiosity sometimes leads researchers to look through books and journals on areas of science that are far from their specialty. Schumann resonances would be buried in the annals of the history of science, if not for the curiosity of one psychologist who remained unknown, who looked through the physical and technical periodicals. After reading Schumann's publication, he was taken aback. The main resonance frequency - about 10 hertz - coincided with the main rhythm of the human brain - the alpha rhythm! Why?! Of course, he immediately called Schumann. Indeed, it is highly surprising that the rhythms of the Earth and the human brain coincide in a state of calm wakefulness. Schumann connected to the work of a graduate student, his future successor Herbert Koenig. This student was interested in an unusual business. He studied how those who can find water or minerals in the earth with the help of a wicker work, that is, dowsers. In what follows we shall see the remarkable nature of this circumstance. In his doctoral dissertation, Koenig reported more precise measurements of the fundamental frequency of the Schumann resonance, 7.83 Hz.

It was also possible to measure higher harmonics of the first frequency. They average 14, 20, 26, 33, 39 and 45 hertz. It turned out that these frequencies also have a correspondence in the spectrum of waves emitted by the human brain! In a word, the frequency band of changes in the biocurrents of the brain lies within the range of changes in the resonant frequencies of the Earth-ionosphere cavity in calm conditions. The oscillatory system "man - environment" is in a state of equilibrium. This cannot be a coincidence! If we consciously arranged everything for life on Earth, we would not have done better.

To measure the Schumann resonance means for some place on Earth to record the intensity of the electric and magnetic fields separately depending on time or frequency. Despite their global importance, there has been little work on Schumann resonances until recently. Maybe because the military is interested in this frequency range - to communicate with submarines, because such waves penetrate deep into the water and into the ground. Or maybe because measuring Schumann resonances is a difficult task. They are too weak against the background of the Earth's own electric and magnetic fields, which are 10 thousand or even 100 thousand times greater. To measure Schumann resonances, you need standard electronics (amplifiers-preamplifiers) and very unusual antennas. To measure the electric field, a conventional antenna would have to be 20,000 kilometers long. Therefore, a special, spherical antenna is used together with an amplifier. To measure magnetic fields - all sorts of tricks are also needed. The movement of people, animals, the swaying of trees in the wind can cross out the painstaking work of teams of geophysicists and radio electronics engineers.

Where are Schumann resonances measured? Yes, all over the earth. In America and Australia, Finland, Germany and Russia, England and Iceland.

To better understand the phenomenon, it would be good to know what it depends on. The frequency and intensity of the Earth's natural pulsations are not constant fixed values. As further studies have shown, they change slightly under the influence of the following factors:

Geographic location. The Schumann resonances are most noticeable near the world centers of thunderstorms. If we look at data from NASA satellites on the locations of lightning for many years, we can see that lightning mostly occurs above the ground, and not above the surface of the water. Most of them are in Africa. So after all, according to modern views, a person appeared there.

Times of Day. At night, the Sun does not ionize the atmosphere on the dark side of the Earth, and the Heaviside layer disappears here, and with it the Schumann waves. With dawn, the upper boundary of the near-Earth waveguide is restored and Schumann waves reappear. The earth rests and awakens with us. Or is it us - with her.

Air purity. An increase in frequency is observed if there is a lot of water vapor and gases in the air.

Environment. Electromagnetic smog from all electrical equipment covers hundreds of times the life-giving natural bursts of Schumann resonances. Some building materials also extinguish them. Maybe that's why dogs and children want to go out, even if they just got back from the street.

Solar flares. The researchers argue that during magnetic storms or in the conditions of electromagnetic fields of technogenic origin, when the frequency of natural Schumann resonances changes, the condition of aged people and children worsens, hypertensive crises, epileptic seizures and suicides occur more often.

But how is the influence of magnetic storms on a person nevertheless carried out? Perhaps this is the case. Solar flares change the properties of the Heaviside layer, the upper boundary of our natural resonator. This leads to changes in the frequency of the Schumann resonance. Back in 1665, Christian Huygens noticed that if two pendulums begin to oscillate near each other with a close, but still different frequency, then after some time their oscillation frequency will become the same. And this is a universal law. It is “easier” for each oscillatory system to oscillate in time than out of order. This means that the Schumann resonances are like a pacemaker for us.

For some reason, Schumann's frequency has changed - this leads to a change in the frequency of electromagnetic oscillations of the brain and a deterioration in the human condition. Thus, it is through the Schumann resonances that human health is connected with the geophysical state of the Earth. Moreover, it turned out that not only physical health, but also mental, and simply the ability to think. After all, the brain operates in the alpha-rhythm mode (at a frequency of about 8 hertz) in those cases when a person, being in a state of muscle relaxation, solves creative problems. Most people who have a well-defined alpha rhythm, the ability to think abstractly predominates. Occasionally there are people who have a complete absence of alpha rhythms. They are free to think visually, but have difficulty solving problems of an abstract nature.

Those who are prone to research activities can trace the connection of their own well-being (changes in blood pressure, for example) with changes in the spectrum of Schumann waves. You can do this by visiting, for example, the site of Tomsk State University. The data is updated every two hours. In addition, it is interesting to see for yourself whether the frequency of the Schumann waves really increases, as is sometimes reported. After all, this would mean nothing less than the evolution of the human brain.

It turned out that the Earth's own magnetic field pulsates in the same frequency range as the Schumann resonances and brain rhythms. This even led to some confusion. You may sometimes hear that Schumann resonances are simply fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field. And not waves born by lightning and bending around the Earth in a natural waveguide.

Now the number of publications on Schumann resonances has increased greatly - up to about a thousand a year. We will discuss two main reasons for this.

First, the possibility of determining the temperature and thunderstorm activity on a planetary scale from the Schumann resonances was discovered. Now it is already known for sure that the higher the air temperature of the lower layers of the atmosphere, the more thunderstorms, lightning and precipitation. This means that the Schumann resonances are more powerful. By simple logic, by measuring the intensity of resonances in different places on the Earth, one can judge its average temperature. That is, the Schumann resonance is a thermometer for Mother Earth. "Earth average" temperature is now a sore point for all people in general, and not just for scientists. Disputes do not subside whether global warming has already begun or is it a problem for our descendants.

With Schumann resonances, more precisely, with the activity of the human brain at the frequencies of these resonances, some researchers associate various effects of far-sightedness, healing, hypnosis, searching for water and minerals using a vine or frame. Dr. John Zimmerman, founder and president of the Bioelectromagnetism Institute in Reno, Nevada, has studied the vast literature on healers. He found that at the beginning of the session, the healer establishes a connection with the Schumann waves. His right and left hemispheres of the brain are synchronized, while usually they are slightly unbalanced. Both hemispheres begin to work in alpha rhythm with a frequency of about 8 hertz. Then the patient's brain waves enter the alpha rhythm. These waves are synchronized with the healer's waves. Patients during the session also observed a frequency balance between the hemispheres of the brain. Figuratively speaking, the healer connects his patient to the electromagnetic field of the Schumann waves and to the pulsations of the Earth's magnetic field.

Resonance of human rhythms during meditation and prayer There are studies showing that during meditation and during prayer, the human brain also works at a frequency of about 8 hertz, in rhythm with Schumann waves and the Earth's magnetic field.

Until now, we have been thinking mainly about the natural component of the system man - his environment. But there is already the concept of "electromagnetic smog". This is chaotic radiation from various household and industrial electrical appliances. Its power is already hundreds of times greater than the natural background. Of course, the waves with the frequency of the alpha rhythm are very weak, their swing, or amplitude, is only about 30 millionths of a volt. It would seem that this is negligible compared to the Earth's own magnetic field and man-made fields. But the frequencies coincide with the rhythms of the brain! Remember resonant effects! From this point of view, devices operating in the same frequency range as weak, but such necessary natural fields are dangerous for humans. Take cell phones, for example. All studies of their "harmfulness" were carried out taking into account only their thermal effects. But the information impact, which no one takes into account, is also very important. After all, one of the frequencies of cell phone radiation - all the same 8 Hz - is associated with our individual mental activity. Consequently, from the outside, and from the immediate vicinity, the human brain receives signals that are able to interact in a resonant way with the brain's own bioelectrical activity and thereby disrupt its functions. Such changes are noticeable on the electroencephalogram and do not disappear for a long time after the end of the conversation.

It is reported that in America every NASA employee has a device with him - an individual source of "useful" electromagnetic waves in the Schumann wave range, to improve well-being when "tuning" to natural rhythms.

But bees... Bees are dying out. According to the conclusion of scientists from the German University of Koblenz-Landau, up to 70% of bee colonies died in the USA and in some European countries. Their death is associated with a loss of orientation under the influence of man-made electromagnetic fields generated by powerful cellular antennas.

Humanity as a species has an extraordinary potential that has barely begun to be explored. The gift of creativity, intuition, talent - without these qualities, a person could not create the wonderful world in which he lives. And what if, shrouded in anthropogenic electromagnetic smog that destroys the fine-tuning of relationships in this changing, oscillating world, we lose our priceless gifts?

…Dawn. On the shaky border between sleep and wakefulness, the Earth sends us its morning hello at a frequency of 7.8 hertz - the frequency of the alpha rhythm of our brain. Whatever happens, we are in resonance with our Earth and with all life on it.

Source - The most prominent of all Tesla's known inventions are related to the concept of resonance. Tesla considered resonance to be the key to understanding and controlling any system, natural or man-made. Each system, in his opinion, has a certain “natural frequency of oscillation”. There can be several such frequencies, they are a kind of "passport", "identity card" of any system. Any systems can interact, being tuned to each other. This is very easy to explain using the example of human relationships: two people who want to understand each other (that is, "tuned into resonance" with each other) will spend much less time and effort on solving some problem than the same two people who do not want to understand or simply indifferent. Thus, the task of a person is not to “take by force” her wealth from Nature, but to be able to tune his technique in resonance with natural phenomena so that the interaction is as natural and effective as possible. Tesla himself followed this path, striking his contemporaries with the results.

Resonance is one of the most interesting physical phenomena. And the deeper our knowledge of the world around us becomes, the more clearly the role of this phenomenon can be traced in various areas of our life - in music, medicine, radio engineering and even on the playground.

What is the meaning of this concept, the conditions for its emergence and manifestation?

Natural and forced oscillations. Resonance

Let's remember a simple and pleasant entertainment - swinging on a hanging swing.

By applying a very slight effort at the right time, a child can rock an adult. But for this, the frequency of the impact of the external force must coincide with the natural frequency of the swing swing. Only in this case the amplitude of their oscillations will noticeably increase.

So, resonance is a phenomenon of a sharp increase in the amplitude of body oscillations, when the frequency of its own oscillations coincides with the frequency of the external force.

First of all, let's understand the concepts - natural and forced vibrations. Own - inherent in all bodies - stars, strings, springs, nuclei, gases, liquids ... Usually they depend on the coefficient of elasticity, body mass and other parameters. Such oscillations arise under the influence of a primary push, carried out by an external force. So, in order to vibrate a load suspended on a spring, it is enough to pull it a certain distance. The natural oscillations that arise in this case will be damped, since the energy of the oscillations is spent on overcoming the resistance of the oscillatory system itself and the environment.

Forced oscillations occur when a third-party (external) force is applied to the body with a certain frequency. This extraneous force is also called the coercive force. It is very important that this external force acts on the body at the right moment and in the right place. It is she who makes up for the loss of energy and increases it with the body's own vibrations.

mechanical resonance

A very striking example of the manifestation of resonance is several cases of the collapse of bridges, when a company of soldiers marched along them.

The stamped step of the soldiers' boots coincided with the natural frequency of the bridge. He began to oscillate with such an amplitude for which his strength was not calculated and ... fell apart. Then a new military team was born "... out of step." It sounds when a foot or cavalry company of soldiers passes over the bridge.

If you have ever traveled by train, then the most attentive of you have noticed the noticeable swaying of the cars when its wheels hit the rail joints. This is how the car responds, i.e., resonates with the vibrations that arise when overcoming these gaps.

Ship instruments are provided with massive stands or suspended on soft springs to avoid the resonance of these ship parts with the vibrations of the ship's hull. When starting the ship's engines, the ship can enter into resonance with their work in such a way that it threatens its strength.

The examples given are sufficient to convince oneself of the need to take resonance into account. But we sometimes use mechanical resonance without noticing it. Pushing the car stuck in the road mud, the driver and his voluntary assistants first shake it, and then push it forward together in the direction of travel.

Swinging a heavy bell, ringers also unconsciously use this phenomenon.

They rhythmically, in time with their own oscillations of the bell tongue, pull the cord attached to it, increasing the amplitude of oscillations.

There are devices that measure the frequency of electric current. Their action is based on the use of resonance.

acoustic resonance

On the pages of our site, we introduced you to the most important information about sound. Let's continue our conversation, supplementing it with examples of the manifestation of acoustic or sound resonance.

Why do musical instruments, especially the guitar and violin, have such a beautiful body? Is it just to look pretty? It turns out not. It is needed for the correct sounding of the entire sound palette emitted by the instrument. The sound produced by the guitar string itself is quite quiet. To strengthen it, the strings are placed on top of the body, which has a certain shape and size. The sound, getting inside the guitar, resonates with different parts of the body and intensifies.

The strength and purity of the sound depends on the quality of the wood, and even on the lacquer with which the instrument is coated.

Available resonators in our voice apparatus. Their role is performed by a variety of air cavities surrounding the vocal cords. They amplify the sound, form its timbre, amplifying precisely those vibrations whose frequency is close to their own. The ability to use the resonators of your vocal apparatus is one of the sides of the singer's talent. They were perfectly mastered by F.I. Chaliapin.

They say that when this great artist sang with all his might, the candles went out, chandeliers shook and faceted glasses cracked.

Those. the phenomenon of sound resonance plays a huge role in the delightful world of sounds.

electrical resonance

This phenomenon did not pass and electrical circuits. If a the frequency of change of the external voltage will coincide with the frequency of natural oscillations of the circuit, electrical resonance may occur. As always, it manifests itself in a sharp increase in both the current and voltage in the circuit. This is fraught with a short circuit and failure of the devices included in the circuit.

However, it is resonance that allows us to tune in to the frequency of a particular radio station. Typically, the antenna receives many frequencies from different radio stations. Rotating the tuning knob, we change the frequency of the receiving circuit of the radio.

When one of the frequencies that came to the antenna coincides with this frequency, then we will hear this radio station.

Schumann waves

Between the surface of the Earth and its ionosphere there is a layer in which electromagnetic waves propagate very well. This celestial corridor is called a waveguide. The waves generated here can go around the Earth several times. But where do they come from? It turned out that they occur during lightning discharges.

Schumann, a professor at the Technical University of Munich, calculated their frequency. It turned out that it is equal to 10 Hz. But it is with such a rhythm that the vibrations of the human brain occur! This amazing fact could not be a mere coincidence. We live inside a giant waveguide that controls our body with its rhythm. Further research confirmed this assumption. It turned out that the distortion of Schumann waves, for example, during magnetic storms worsens the health of people.

Those. for a person to feel normal, the rhythm of the most important vibrations of the human body must resonate with the frequency of Schumann waves.

Electromagnetic smog from the operation of household and industrial electrical appliances distorts the Earth's natural waves, and destroys our delicate relationship with our planet.

All objects of the Universe are subject to the laws of resonance. Even human relationships are subject to these laws. So, choosing our friends, we are looking for our own kind, with whom we are interested, with whom we are “on the same wavelength”.

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Resonance is a sharp increase in the amplitude of forced oscillations, which occurs when the frequency of the external action approaches certain values ​​(resonant frequencies) determined by the properties of the oscillatory system. The increase in amplitude occurs when the external (exciting) frequency coincides with the internal (natural) frequency of the oscillatory system. With the help of resonant phenomena, even very weak harmonic oscillations can be isolated and / or strengthened. Resonance is a phenomenon in which an oscillatory system is particularly responsive to the impact of a certain frequency of a driving force.

In our life there are quite a few situations in which resonance manifests itself. For example, if you bring a ringing tuning fork to a stringed musical instrument, then the acoustic wave emanating from the tuning fork will cause the string tuned to the frequency of the tuning fork to vibrate, and it will sound itself.

Another example, the well-known experiment with a thin-walled glass. If you measure the frequency of the sound with which the glass rings, and apply a sound with the same frequency from the frequency generator, but with a greater amplitude, through the amplifier and speaker back to the glass, its walls enter into resonance with the frequency of the sound coming from the speaker and begin to vibrate. Increasing the amplitude of this sound to a certain level leads to the destruction of the glass.

Bioresonance: from Ancient Russia to our times

Our Orthodox ancestors, tens of thousands of years before the arrival of Christianity in Russia, were well aware of the power of bell ringing and tried to install a bell tower in every village! Thanks to this, in the Middle Ages, Russia, rich in church bells, avoided devastating plague epidemics, unlike Europe (Gallia), in which the holy inquisitors burned at the stake not only all scientists and knowledgeable people, but also all the ancient “heretical” books written in the Glagolitic script that kept the unique knowledge of our ancestors, including the power of resonance!

Thus, all Orthodox knowledge accumulated over the centuries was banned, destroyed and replaced by a new Christian faith. At the same time, to this day, data on bioresonance are prohibited. Even after centuries, any information about treatments that do not bring profit to the pharmaceutical industry is hushed up. While the annual multi-billion dollar turnover of pharmaceuticals is growing every year.

A vivid example of the use of resonant frequencies in Russia, and this is a fact that cannot be avoided. When an epidemic of plague broke out in Moscow in 1771 (1771), Catherine II dispatched Count Orlov from St. Petersburg with four life guards and a huge staff of doctors. All life in Moscow was paralyzed. In order to drive away the "plague epidemics", the laity fumigated their homes, lit huge fires on the streets, and all of Moscow was shrouded in black smoke, since it was then believed that the plague spread through the air, but this did not help much. And they also beat the alarm (the largest bell) and all the smaller bells with all their might for 3 days in a row, as they firmly believed that the bell ringing would avert terrible misfortune from the city. A few days later, the epidemic began to recede. "What's the secret?" - you ask. In fact, the answer lies on the surface.

And now let's consider a well-known example of the use of bioresonance in our time. In order to maintain the purity of the experiment, doctors placed metal plates in the ward with oncological patients, similar to those used in ancient monasteries, so that the bells in patients could not be associated with the church, and the self-hypnosis born involuntarily could not significantly affect the results of the research. When selecting individual frequencies for each patient, a variety of titanium plates of various sizes were used. The result exceeded all expectations!

After the impact of acoustic waves of a certain frequency on the biologically active points of patients, 30% of patients stopped pain, and they were able to sleep, and another 30% of patients stopped pain, which was not relieved by the strongest narcotic anesthetics!

Currently, to achieve the resonance effect, there is no need to use huge bells, but there is a unique opportunity to apply the achievements of science and technology created by electronic devices based on frequency resonance, in other words, Smart Life bioresonance therapy devices.

The effect of resonance in biological structures can be caused by:

acoustic waves

Mechanical impact

Electromagnetic waves in the visible and radio frequency ranges

Magnetic field impulses

impulses of weak electric current

Impulse thermal impact

That is, the effect of resonance in biological structures can be caused by external influences and any physical phenomena that occur in the process of biochemical reactions inside a living cell. Moreover, each biological structure has its own unique frequency spectrum that accompanies biochemical processes and responds to external influences, both the main resonant frequency and higher or lower harmonics from the main frequency, with an amplitude as many times greater as these harmonics are separated from the main resonance frequency .

How can you use the power of resonance in everyday life, and what method of influence should you choose?

acoustic waves

Guess what happens to tartar during tartar removal, with ultrasound in the dentist's office, or when kidney stones break down? The answer is obvious. And without a doubt, acoustic exposure is a great opportunity for healing the body, if not for one "but". Bells weigh a lot, are expensive, create a lot of noise, and can only be used permanently.

A magnetic field

To cause at least some tangible effect from the impact of a pulsating magnetic field on the whole body, it is necessary to make an electromagnet of huge size and weighing a couple of tons, it will occupy half the room and consume a lot of electricity. The inertia of the system will not allow it to be used at high frequencies. Small electromagnets can only be used locally due to their short range. You also need to know exactly the zones on the body and the frequency of exposure. The conclusion is disappointing: it is not economically feasible to use a magnetic field for the treatment of diseases at home.

Electricity

Electromagnetic waves

For the frequency resonance method, you can use radio waves with a carrier frequency from 10 kHz to 300 MHz, since this range has the lowest absorption coefficient of EMW by our body and it is transparent to them, as well as electromagnetic waves in the visible and infrared spectrum. Visible red light with a wavelength of 630 nm to 700 nm penetrates tissues to a depth of 10 mm, and infrared light from 800 nm to 1000 nm penetrates to a depth of 40 mm and deeper, causing some thermal effect during braking in tissues. To influence biologically active zones on the surface of the skin, radio waves with a carrier frequency up to ~ 50 GHz can be used.

The definition of the concept of resonance (response) in physics is assigned to special technicians who have statistics graphs that often encounter this phenomenon. Today, resonance is a frequency-selective response, where a vibratory system or a sharp increase in an external force forces another system to oscillate with a larger amplitude at certain frequencies.

Operating principle

This phenomenon is observed when the system is capable of storing and easily transferring energy between two or more different storage modes such as kinetic and potential energy. However, there is some loss from cycle to cycle, called attenuation. When damping is negligible, the resonant frequency is approximately equal to the natural frequency of the system, which is the frequency of unforced vibrations.

These phenomena occur with all types of oscillations or waves: mechanical, acoustic, electromagnetic, nuclear magnetic (NMR), electronic spin (EPR) and resonance of quantum wave functions. Such systems can be used to generate vibrations of a certain frequency (for example, musical instruments).

The term "resonance" (from the Latin resonantia, "echo") comes from the field of acoustics, especially observed in musical instruments, for example, when the strings begin to vibrate and produce sound without being directly affected by the player.

Pushing a man on a swing is a common example of this phenomenon. A loaded swing, the pendulum has a natural oscillation frequency and a resonant frequency that resists being pushed faster or slower.

An example is the swing of projectiles in a playground, which acts like a pendulum. Pressing a person while swinging at a natural swing interval causes the swing to go higher and higher (maximum amplitude), while attempts to swing at a faster or slower pace create smaller arcs. This is because the energy absorbed by the vibrations increases when the shocks match the natural vibrations.

The response is widely found in nature and is used in many artificial devices. This is the mechanism by which virtually all sine waves and vibrations are generated. Many of the sounds we hear, such as when hard objects made of metal, glass, or wood are struck, are caused by short vibrations in the object. Light and other short wavelength electromagnetic radiation is produced by atomic scale resonance, such as electrons in atoms. Other conditions in which the beneficial properties of this phenomenon can be applied:

• Timekeeping mechanisms of modern watches, balance wheel in mechanical watches and quartz crystal in watches.
• Tidal response of the Bay of Fundy.
• Acoustic resonances of musical instruments and the human vocal tract.
• Destruction of a crystal glass under the influence of musical right tone.
• Frictional idiophones, such as making a glass object (glass, bottle, vase), vibrate when rubbed around its edge with a fingertip.
• The electrical response of tuned circuits in radios and televisions that allow selective reception of radio frequencies.
• Creation of coherent light by optical resonance in a laser cavity.
• Orbital response, exemplified by some of the moons of the solar system's gas giants.

Material resonances on an atomic scale are the basis of several spectroscopic methods that are used in condensed matter physics, for example:

• Electronic spin.
• Mossbauer effect.
• Nuclear magnetic.

Phenomenon types

In describing the resonance, G. Galileo just drew attention to the most significant thing - the ability of a mechanical oscillatory system (a heavy pendulum) to accumulate energy that is supplied from an external source with a certain frequency. Manifestations of resonance have certain features in different systems and therefore distinguish its different types.

Mechanical and acoustic

It is the tendency of a mechanical system to absorb more energy when its vibration frequency matches the system's natural vibration frequency. This can lead to severe traffic fluctuations and even catastrophic failure in unfinished structures, including bridges, buildings, trains and aircraft. When designing objects, engineers must ensure that the mechanical resonant frequencies of the component parts do not match the vibrational frequencies of motors or other oscillating parts to avoid a phenomenon known as resonant distress.

electrical resonance

Occurs in an electrical circuit at a certain resonant frequency when the circuit impedance is at its minimum in a series circuit or at its maximum in a parallel circuit. Resonance in circuits is used to transmit and receive wireless communications such as television, cellular, or radio communications.

Optical resonance

An optical cavity, also called an optical cavity, is a special arrangement of mirrors that forms standing wave resonator for light waves. Optical cavities are the main component of lasers that surround the amplification medium and provide feedback of laser radiation. They are also used in optical parametric oscillators and some interferometers.

Light confined in a cavity reproduces standing waves repeatedly for certain resonant frequencies. The resulting standing wave patterns are called "modes". Longitudinal modes differ only in frequency, while transverse modes differ for different frequencies and have different intensity patterns across the beam cross section. Ring resonators and whispering galleries are examples of optical resonators that do not produce standing waves.

Orbital fluctuations

In space mechanics, an orbital response arises, when two orbiting bodies exert a regular, periodic gravitational influence on each other. This is usually because their orbital periods are related by the ratio of two small integers. Orbital resonances greatly enhance the mutual gravitational influence of bodies. In most cases, this results in an unstable interaction in which the bodies exchange momentum and displacement until the resonance no longer exists.

Under some circumstances, the resonant system can be stable and self-correcting so that the bodies remain in resonance. Examples are the 1:2:4 resonance of Jupiter's moons Ganymede, Europa, and Io, and the 2:3 resonance between Pluto and Neptune. Unstable resonances with Saturn's inner moons create gaps in Saturn's rings. A special case of 1:1 resonance (between bodies with similar orbital radii) causes the large bodies of the Solar System to clear the neighborhood around their orbits, pushing out nearly everything else around them.

Atomic, partial and molecular

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a name given to the physical resonant phenomenon associated with the observation of specific quantum mechanical magnetic properties of an atomic nucleus if an external magnetic field is present. Many scientific methods use NMR phenomena to study molecular physics, crystals and non-crystalline materials. NMR is also commonly used in modern medical imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

The benefits and harms of resonance

In order to draw a conclusion about the pros and cons of resonance, it is necessary to consider in what cases it can manifest itself most actively and noticeably for human activity.

Positive effect

The response phenomenon is widely used in science and technology.. For example, the operation of many radio engineering circuits and devices is based on this phenomenon.

negative impact

However, the phenomenon is not always useful.. You can often find references to cases when suspension bridges broke when soldiers walked over them "in step". At the same time, they refer to the manifestation of the resonance effect of the impact of resonance, and the fight against it becomes large-scale.

Fighting Resonance

But despite the sometimes disastrous consequences of the response effect, it is quite possible and necessary to fight it. To avoid the undesirable occurrence of this phenomenon, it is usually used two ways to simultaneously apply resonance and deal with it:

1. There is a "separation" of frequencies, which, in case of coincidence, will lead to undesirable consequences. To do this, increase the friction of various mechanisms or change the natural frequency of the system.
2. They increase the damping of vibrations, for example, put the engine on a rubber lining or springs.