What is physical chemistry. Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Moscow State University named after M.V.

1. Full name: network of stores "Dixie".

2. Description:

Retail trade in food and consumer goods.

3. Pricing policy: prices are higher than in market-type stores, higher than in Red - White, about the same as Pyaterochka, Auchan, Magnit.

4. City where I shop: Orekhovo-Zuevo, Moscow region.

5. Pros of Dixie:

Indeed, I have it near the house,

A large assortment of various goods, from chewing gum to books, but in "Pyaterochka" and "Auchan" it is still more,

You can buy a lot of things in one place,

Goods before buying, you can see, twist in your hands, check the expiration date,

There are storage lockers (chambers) where you can put your bags before entering the store, but it’s a pity that there is no security guard, it’s somehow calmer with them, you never know gape and bye bye your wallet,

There is video surveillance, so if something suddenly disappears from your bag, you can know the thief by sight,

Rarely come across bad products, after all, they monitor the freshness here, unlike Pyaterochka, where I constantly see rotten bananas,

Payment can be made in cash and by card,

There are always some interesting promotions for both the product and the encouragement of customers. One of these actions will be discussed below.

6. Cons:

Bread is often not fresh, vacuum-packed red fish is often rotten,

The network is not very economical, for a number of goods the prices are much higher than in our Migeko or in "Red - White",

According to an old tradition, only one of the two cash desks often works, so there are often queues, the second cashier sits down (mostly) only after the customer notices,

The staff does not know where everything is, it is better to look for it yourself,

Sellers and cashiers are normal, I have never been rude, but they can not always correctly answer your questions about the promotion,

It is unrealistic to find a price tag for most goods, there are so many of them stuck there that mom don’t cry! I would advise the store to put a scanner, as in Pyaterochka, bring the barcode of the product and you will see the price for the product. It's very convenient for customers!

7. My personal experience and participation in store promotions:

Because "Dixie" is closest to my house, so most often I make purchases there. What do I take? I eat mostly, rarely household chemicals, home care products (garbage bags, sponges, rags). I really like their customer reward system. In the afternoon, from certain hours, they have discounts on the card for a certain category of citizens (I don’t have such a card, so I don’t remember the name). I am a stock lover! I have knives collected by chips, now I collect... TADAM! Dinosaurs.


I have loved dinosaurs since childhood. For me, this is something so mysterious, mysterious, it's a story. I had books - encyclopedias, several times I was in museums, where bones found by archaeologists flaunted among the exhibits. Incl. been several times in museums, where dinosaurs were recreated from moving mechanisms in full size. Therefore, when I saw the new action "Look, dinosaurs!", I was very happy and decided that I would collect a collection.

A little more about the action:

Make a purchase at DIXY in the amount of 400 rubles. or buy a sponsored product from August 28, 2017 to October 29, 2017. Get a set of stickers and a chip for 1 ruble. Collect stickers, paste them into the album. Save chips to get virtual points for 1 ruble. Discover virtual reality. Download the app and use the glasses to immerse yourself in the virtual world of dinosaurs.


At the checkout, along with a purchase for 400 r. and above (or when buying two identical products - sponsors) they give out a sealed bag with three stickers and a chip. What numbers of stickers you will get is not known, the bag is not translucent. Stickers can also be purchased separately, if desired, for 39 rubles. / sachet. The stickers themselves are bright, the print quality is good, on the reverse side there is a brief information about the dinosaur, the photo of which is printed on the front side. Informative. Repeat stickers are common. Of the 21 pieces, 7 are repeated.

There are special 3D stickers that can be scanned using the mobile application "Look, dinosaurs!" After that, the dinosaur will appear at your home, on the table. Through the application, you can take a picture of it, watch something like a video with it, you can zoom in and out, read information about it.








The application, in my opinion, is a bit slow to load. It downloads for free. How much it weighs, I won’t tell you, I installed it at home, and at home wi-fi and my phone (iPhone 5S) was recently freed from old videos, so there was a place. The application is clear and easy to understand.



For stickers, you can separately purchase a special album for 199 rubles. Because I decided to collect a collection, I bought it. The cover of the album is dense, the pages are of good quality, the printing is juicy, inside there is a brief information about dinosaurs (the same as on the back of the stickers + a little more). Those. theoretically, this album in the future could be something of an encyclopedia. The information printed in the album is taken from open sources. I would still like that in future similar actions the information would be encyclopedic and verified. If you suddenly pasted a sticker crookedly, do not worry until it is completely stuck, you can carefully tear it off and re-stick it, the page cover allows this.


Album for stickers "Look, dinosaurs". First pages.






In the album, in addition to pages with stickers, there are 4 pages with games for the child.


And there is also a collector's card, which allows you to mark those cards that you already have in your collection.


Chips must be pasted in a special booklet (they are free of charge at the box office).

After you collect 20 of these dinosaur legs, go to the Dixie store and they sell you virtual reality glasses for a ruble.


Cardboard glasses with two lenses. A smartphone is inserted into them, closed with Velcro, and you can enjoy virtual reality.






It feels like you are among the dinosaurs. They walk/fly/swim, roar around you. Graphics are normal. Husband didn't like it. So good for me. The child is delighted! The voice-over tells a brief information about the dinosaur you are considering.



Painting "Dinosaurs have arrived"

In addition, I have now submitted a photo with a dinosaur to participate in the weekly prize draw on the official website of the promotion. Of course, I do not count on the main prize - a trip to Spain, but it would be nice to receive both a bracelet and a prefix.

So, now briefly about the advantages of a particular action "Look, dinosaurs!":

The collection awakens interest in history,

Collecting is a great, interesting, quiet hobby,

The album for stickers can theoretically be used as a book - an encyclopedia,

Modern fashionable 3D effect and interesting virtual reality,

You can get additional prizes by participating in the promotion on the official website.

Cardboard glasses, 399 rubles. for them, well ... a little expensive. Glasses are useless if you have not installed the application on your phone,

A short period of the action, I doubt that I will have time to collect all the stickers in the album, given the frequent repetitions. I do not like to contact strangers for an exchange, and even more so to go to someone's house for stickers or take someone to my place. It may not be safe. It is a pity that there is no way to later purchase the missing copies through the official website of the collection,

In order to participate in the prize draw on the site, you need to register through your account on the social network. I thought for a long time whether to do it or not. Still, the theft of accounts and hacking is now a fairly common thing. Kinda scary. It would be better to do the usual standard registration. Although, of course, through the social network everything happens much faster.


9. By the way, did you know that there were also dinosaurs in Russia a million years ago? Perhaps right now, under your feet, somewhere deep in the earth, are the bones of a Stegosaurus, a Therizinosaurus, a Pterodactyl, or an Allosaurus.

10. My reviews for other stores:

The science that explains chemical phenomena and establishes their patterns based on the general principles of physics. The name of the science Physical Chemistry was introduced by M.V. Lomonosov, who for the first time (1752 1753) formulated its subject and tasks and established one ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY- PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, “a science that explains, on the basis of provisions and experiments, the physical cause of what happens through chem. operations in complex bodies. This definition was given to her by the first physicochemist M.V. Lomonosov in a course read by ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, the science that studies the physical changes associated with CHEMICAL REACTIONS, as well as the relationship between physical properties and chemical composition. The main sections of physical chemistry THERMODYNAMICS, dealing with changes in energy in ... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

Physical chemistry- - a branch of chemistry in which the chemical properties of substances are studied on the basis of the physical properties of their constituent atoms and molecules. Modern physical chemistry is a broad interdisciplinary field bordering on various branches of physics… Encyclopedia of terms, definitions and explanations of building materials

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, explains chemical phenomena and establishes their laws on the basis of the general principles of physics. Includes chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, the doctrine of catalysis, etc. The term physical chemistry was introduced by M.V. Lomonosov in 1753 ... Modern Encyclopedia

Physical chemistry- PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, explains chemical phenomena and establishes their patterns based on the general principles of physics. It includes chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, the doctrine of catalysis, etc. The term “physical chemistry” was introduced by M.V. Lomonosov in ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY- section of chem. science, studying chemistry. phenomena based on the principles of physics (see (1)) and physical. experimental methods. F. x. (like chemistry) includes the doctrine of the structure of matter, chem. thermodynamics and chemistry. kinetics, electrochemistry and colloidal chemistry, teaching ... ... Great Polytechnic Encyclopedia

Exist., number of synonyms: 1 physical (1) Dictionary of ASIS synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

physical chemistry- — EN physical chemistry A science dealing with the effects of physical phenomena on chemical properties. (Source: LEE) … … Technical Translator's Handbook

physical chemistry- - a science that explains chemical phenomena and establishes their patterns based on physical principles. Dictionary of Analytical Chemistry ... Chemical terms

Books

  • Physical Chemistry, A. V. Artemov, The textbook was created in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard in the areas of training bachelors, providing for the study of the discipline `Physical Chemistry`.… Category: Textbooks for universities Series: Higher education Publisher: Drofa, Manufacturer: Bustard,
  • Physical chemistry , Yu. Ya. Kharitonov , The textbook outlines the basics of physical chemistry in accordance with the approximate program for the discipline "Physical and colloidal chemistry" for the specialty 060301 "Pharmacy". The publication is intended… Category: Applicants and students Publisher:

Education at the Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering is a new form of engineering education. The training is designed to strengthen the technological component of classical natural science education, is aimed at the implementation of innovative interdisciplinary training of specialists in the field of physics, chemistry and biology and combines:

· fundamental university education aimed at knowledge and understanding of basic scientific principles with their explanations; · engineering education and training of specialists for the implementation of innovative scientific and engineering ideas in practice; · continuous scientific work of students, starting from the 1st year, at the basic institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, at the engineering and technological sites of the faculty.

The educational process at the faculty is aimed at training, on the basis of physical and chemical knowledge, highly qualified specialists who are able to design processes, methods, reactions and technologies that ensure the creation of new substances, materials and complex artificial systems with desired properties. The areas of professional activity of the graduate of the faculty, in particular, are:

· energy efficiency and energy saving, including the development of new promising energy, bio- and chemical technologies (alternative energy sources, environmentally friendly energy and resource-saving energy conversion technologies, growth technologies); · engineering solid state physics, in particular, engineering of new promising materials with specified functional (electrical, optical, magnetic, etc.) properties; development of new technologies for obtaining such materials and devices based on them; · applied problems of physics and chemistry of combustion and explosion, kinetics of complex chemical reactions and high-temperature processes; · Engineering of structural materials for aviation and space; · modern technologies for deep processing of hydrocarbons into valuable petrochemical products, development and modernization of processes for obtaining the most important petrochemical products based on oil and non-oil raw materials.

The engineering component of the educational process involves the study of subjects in the block of engineering disciplines and disciplines in engineering innovation, in particular, such as: materials science fundamentals of design, computer simulation of technological processes and installations, calculation and design of pilot plants, knowledge management, fundamentals of innovation, management of innovation in industry . On the basis of the fundamental university training received at the faculty (the curriculum includes subjects of mathematical, physical, chemical and biological blocks), the experience of scientific work and as a result of mastering the disciplines of engineering and innovation blocks, the student becomes prepared for solving the main task of innovative engineering activity: he masters the ability to combine fundamental and applied knowledge from related fields (physics, chemistry, biology) and use them in an unexpected way for practical purposes to solve a specific problem.

Education at the Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering is a new form of engineering education that meets the requirements of the times and the challenges of science in the 21st century. Education at the faculty is designed to strengthen the technological component of classical natural science education, is aimed at the implementation of innovative interdisciplinary training of specialists in the field of physics, chemistry and biology.

To engage in scientific research at the basic institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences) under the guidance of a personal scientific mentor for 1-3 courses, 1 day a week is allocated in the curriculum, from 4 courses - 2 days a week. Conducting scientific research is formalized within the framework of term papers.

Many term papers are brought up to the level of completed scientific work, and students present these works at scientific conferences and as publications in scientific journals. For each student, the topics of term papers in the sections of chemistry, physics and interdisciplinary topics are selected in such a way that all papers are united by a common task and performed in one laboratory. This allows you to accumulate significant experimental material for the thesis, and then the candidate's work.

Interdisciplinary training at the Faculty (Physics + Chemistry + Biology) makes it possible to effectively introduce students to scientific work on interdisciplinary topics of strategic areas of technological breakthrough defined by the President of the Russian Federation: “Energy efficiency, energy saving and development of new types of fuel” and “Medical technologies, diagnostic equipment and new drugs." The relevance of scientific topics is a prerequisite for the scientific work of students.

The faculty is actively implementing modern educational technologies and interactive services that allow, without reducing the quality of education, to reduce the classroom load and increase the proportion of students' independent work, turn students into active participants in the learning process, increase the proportion of individual contacts with the teacher and create an individual educational trajectory for each student. Scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences with teaching experience are actively involved in teaching at the faculty. The training courses of faculty teachers are constantly updated and keep up with the times, they are interesting, actively perceived, because are provided with examples from real scientific practice and a demonstration experiment. This arouses students' interest in the subject and leads to a deeper and more complete assimilation of the material.

Phys. chemistry - the science of the laws of chemical processes and chemical. phenomena.

Subject of physical chemistry explanation of chem. phenomena based on more general laws of physics. Physical chemistry considers two main groups of issues:

1. Study of the structure and properties of a substance and its constituent particles;

2. The study of the processes of interaction of substances.

Physical chemistry aims to study the relationship between m / y chemical and physical phenomena. Knowledge of such relationships is necessary in order to study more deeply the chemical reactions that occur in nature and are used in technology. processes, control the depth and direction of the reaction. The main goal of the discipline Physical Chemistry is the study of general relationships and patterns of chemical. processes based on the fundamental principles of physics. Physical chemistry applies physical. theories and methods for chemical phenomena.

It explains WHY and HOW the transformations of substances occur: chem. reactions and phase transitions. WHY - chemical thermodynamics. AS - chemical kinetics.

Basic concepts of physical chemistry

The main object of chem. thermodynamics is a thermodynamic system. Thermodynamic system - any body or set of bodies capable of exchanging energy and matter with itself and with other bodies. Systems are divided into open, closed and isolated. open and I - the thermodynamic system exchanges with the external environment both in-tion and energy. Closed and I - a system in which there is no exchange of matter with the environment, but it can exchange energy with it. isolated and I -system volume remains constant and is deprived of the opportunity to exchange with the environment and energy and in-tion.

The system can be homogeneous (homogeneous) or heterogeneous (heterogeneous ). Phase - this is a part of the system, which in the absence of an external force field has the same composition at all its points and the same thermodynamic. St. you and separated from other parts of the system by the interface. The phase is always homogeneous, i.e. homogeneous, so a single-phase system is called homogeneous. A system consisting of several phases is called heterogeneous.

System properties are divided into two groups: extensive and intensive.

In thermodynamics, the concepts of equilibrium and reversible processes are used. equilibrium is a process that goes through a continuous series of equilibrium states. Reversible thermodynamic process is a process that can be carried out in reverse without leaving any changes in the system and environment.

2. I-th law of thermodynamics. Internal energy, heat, work.

First law of thermodynamics directly related to the law of conservation of energy. Based on this law, it follows that in any isolated system, the energy supply remains constant. Another formulation of the first law of thermodynamics follows from the law of conservation of energy - the impossibility of creating a perpetual motion machine (perpetuum mobile) of the first kind, which would produce work without spending energy on it. The formulation, especially important for chemical thermodynamics,

The first principle is its expression through the concept of internal energy: internal energy is a state function, i.e. its change does not depend on the path of the process, but depends only on the initial and final state of the system. Change in the internal energy of the system  U can occur through heat exchange Q and work W with the environment. Then it follows from the law of conservation of energy that the heat Q received by the system from outside is spent on the increment of internal energy ΔU and the work W done by the system, i.e. Q=Δ U+W. Given at alignment is

mathematical expression of the first law of thermodynamics.

Ibeginning of thermodynamics its wording:

in any isolated system, the energy supply remains constant;

different forms of energy pass into each other in strictly equivalent quantities;

perpetual motion machine (perpetuum mobile) of the first kind is impossible;

internal energy is a state function, i.e. its change does not depend on the path of the process, but depends only on the initial and final state of the system.

analytic expression: Q = D U + W ; for an infinitesimal change in quantities d Q = dU + d W .

The 1st law of thermodynamics sets the ratio. m / y heat Q, work A and change int. system energy ΔU. Change int. The energy of the system is equal to the amount of heat communicated to the system minus the amount of work done by the system against external forces.

Equation (I.1) - mathematical notation of the 1st law of thermodynamics, equation (I.2) - for an infinitesimal change in comp. systems.

Int. energy-state function; this means that the change-e ext. energy ΔU does not depend on the transition path of the system from state 1 to state 2 and is equal to the difference between the values ​​of ext. energies U2 and U1 in these states: (I.3)

Int. The energy of a system is the sum of the potential energy of the interaction. all particles of the body m / y and the kinetic energy of their movement (without taking into account the kinetic and potential energies of the system as a whole). Int. the energy of the system depends on the nature of the island, its mass and on the parameters of the state of the system. She's age. with an increase in the mass of the system, since it is an extensive property of the system. Int. energy is denoted by the letter U and is expressed in joules (J). In the general case, for a system with a quantity of 1 mol. Int. energy, like any thermodynamic. St. in the system, yavl-Xia function comp. Directly in the experiment, only changes in the internal energy. That is why in calculations they always operate with its change U2 –U1 = U.

All changes to the internal energies are divided into two groups. The 1st group includes only the 1st form of the transition of motion by chaotic collisions of the molecules of two adjoining bodies, i.e. by conduction (and at the same time by radiation). The measure of the movement transmitted in this way is heat. concept warmth associated with the behavior of a huge number of particles - atoms, molecules, ions. They are in constant chaotic (thermal) motion. Heat is a form of energy transfer. The second way to exchange energy is Job. This exchange of energy is due to the action performed by the system, or the action performed on it. Typically, work is denoted by the symbol W. Work, like heat, is not a function of the state of the system, so the value corresponding to infinitesimal work is denoted by the partial derivative symbol - W.