Scientists at Altai State University announced that they have developed a drug that allows you to activate the body's own stem cell production processes, renew tissues and maintain them in a biologically young state. It took them about two years to do this. The substance that the researchers received will form the basis of the drug of youth in the future.

In general, it has always been common for mankind to dream of immortality. Since ancient times, people have tried in various ways to prolong their youth and life. So, the ancient Greeks took milk baths for rejuvenation, and the ancient Romans drank the blood of gladiators who fought in the arena. In the Middle Ages, thousands of alchemists, along with the philosopher's stone, were looking for the elixir of immortality, and Chinese adherents of Taoism tried to develop a similar elixir within themselves. The history of such searches is extensive, but, alas, completely inconclusive.

The first scientific researcher in this area is considered to be the Russian and French biologist, Nobel Prize winner in physiology and medicine (1908) Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. It is he who is the founder of gerontology - a science that studies the biological, social and psychological aspects of human aging, its causes and methods of dealing with it. Mechnikov developed a whole theory of aging due to intoxication and recommendations for healing fermented milk drinks for rejuvenation.

In the Soviet years, scientists were also actively engaged in research on life extension. For example, at the Research Institute of Medical Primatology in Adler, the former Sukhumi nursery, unique results were obtained on primates. It turned out that the level of the hormone melatonin, especially at night, falls over the years. Based on these data, a group of Ukrainian chronobiologists learned to determine the biological age of people. Soon the understanding came that it was necessary to evaluate not age, but the rate of aging. The results of a modern unique study, in which several thousand truck drivers participated, led scientists to this idea. It turned out that this is the fastest growing profession.

Now the issue of aging is taken up on the basis of Moscow State University. A major project to combat aging at the cellular level is led by Academician Vladimir Skulachev, director of the Moscow State University Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology. And, it must be said that scientists have achieved phenomenal results. In addition, it is worth noting that life expectancy has already increased significantly in the last couple of centuries, thanks to scientific advances such as the discovery of antisepsis, asepsis, vaccination and antibiotics, which have dramatically changed the survival of people. Such inventions are deservedly considered revolutionary milestones in medicine. As a result, this gave an increase in average life expectancy from 35-40 to 75-80 years.

And here is the latest breakthrough of Russian scientists - a substance that slows down aging has been invented. It is known that the drug was created on the basis of stem cells. Scientists at Altai State University believe that aging is a disease that can be treated. According to them, the medicine causes the body to produce new cells. This function will allow the use of the drug not only as a "cure for old age", but also for the healing of wounds and ulcers. In the future, with the help of this invention, it will be possible to cure cirrhosis of the liver, stomach ulcers and restore the heart muscle after a heart attack.

“We are developing anti-aging drugs for bone marrow regeneration after chemotherapy in cancer patients, a hepatoprotector for maintaining the liver, and drugs for women's health. They are based on a substance that has hepatoprotective activity that slows down the aging process and prevents age-related diseases,” said Ivan Smirnov, director of the University’s Biomedical Research Institute. According to him, experts have already tested the drug on the liver of laboratory mice, which in terms of chemistry and biology is 100% human, and were satisfied with the result.

The scientist also noted that over the past few days, telephones have not stopped at ASU and in laboratories, people from all over Russia are trying to sign up to test the substance on themselves, but this is still prohibited.

“Now the substance looks like a powder. The future drug may have several forms of application, both orally in the form of tablets, and in the form of a cream or gel for the treatment of wounds and abrasions that heal instantly,” Ivan Smirnov said. According to him, before the release of the finished product, scientists have a lot of work to do. Whether the drug will be a drug or cosmetic will be decided in two years.

Wedding photographers capture the most significant event in the life of a couple in love, but this event is only the beginning, after the wedding there are many events that are so nice to remember and that help to stay in love together. Stephanie Jarstad recently published a whole series of couples who carried their feelings through the years, not losing a single gram of it, but only increasing it.

On Doug and Fran from the cover photo: "We dated for eight years. We broke up and got back together six times. We couldn't get along at all, but the stars kept bringing us together. We still continue to work on communication with each other, but love does not allow us to part, it grows every day."

"My family was worried because Steve was from a dysfunctional family, they tried to talk me out of marrying him. And for me it was not an easy decision - my mother tried very hard to dissuade us. I prayed to understand what decision to make, and the answer was almost instantaneous - Steve came by car from out of state to me, and we immediately signed."

Ray was diagnosed with Alzheimer's four years ago. Since then, no matter what you ask him, he replies "As Tess wishes." He will definitely never forget this phrase!

Lloyd has a twin brother and I have a twin brother. We've been on the school bus together since I was in third grade and Lloyd was in sixth. I was 16 and he was 18 when we got married. Now we have 30 grandchildren and 32 great-grandchildren. It's so wonderful that we then traveled on the same bus!

"As a wedding photographer, I love to learn photos about how everything happened for the first time: how the couple first met, how they realized that they fell in love, how he proposed ... I think it's such an honor to capture love. Pure, sincere, from which eyes sparkle," says photographer Stephanie Jarstad.

We met on a blind date. My nephew arranged everything and we went to a restaurant. I didn't like her dog, and she didn't like me.

We set out in the summer of 1944 on a hike up Mount Tympanogos. Six months later we were engaged. And we tried very hard to raise all our thirteen children.

Jan: We met in 8th grade. I asked him to dance in 9th grade. He said that he would then have to pick me up.
Richard: I mean I didn't have a license and had to ask my dad to give us a ride.
Jan: And I thought that he was saying that that he did not want to bother himself.
Richard: She then came up to me in English class and asked me a bunch of questions that I couldn't get away from. We got married when we were 17 years old. Although I usually tell people that we got married as teenagers when she was 19 and I was 13. Laughter plays an important role in our lives. I don't go into her room where she sews, and she stays out of my workshop where I cut glass."

Actually, he dated my cousin. My aunt really liked him, she even organized a party so that they could get back together after a fight. There we met. They began to meet. We are so grateful to my aunt that she organized this party. But none of us wanted to go to her! We've had a date night every Friday since then.

We met when I was working in a women's clothing store and he was in the menswear department next door. Every morning we both went outside to sweep the sidewalk in front of the shops. One day our brooms met. Day after day, on this heel of the sidewalk, our feelings grew. Sweeping is beneficial.

I just got hired as an administrator at a maternity hospital. There was a big vacant lot in the backyard, and I wanted to burn it down. I called the fire department to get a permit and Alan arrived. A week later he came back and asked if we could have dinner together. I resisted, but he knew everything for sure. For each of us, this is the second marriage. It is very important to stop being selfish. The biggest problem is when you think about yourself first. Marriage is a permanent job. By the way, I received permission to burn the wasteland only a few years later. But it was no longer important - I had something much more important.

He asked me if I would like to meet him, and I replied that I had other plans. He asked me about the next week, and the next, well, I honestly met with him once a week. And then he stopped calling. Forgot!
And now we're getting old together. Before, we did not grow old, now we are learning. We rely on each other. The best advice I can give is: don't try to change each other, just accept each other as you are. Look for the good.
George: May I tell you that you were Miss Oregon?
Diana: Oh, that was a hundred years ago!

We met in an economics class. Who studied what, I am an attractive girl sitting in the classroom. Life is so fickle, you have to have faith. When we got married, we had little faith. We just plunged into family life. You always have to make an effort. Now we are as close to each other as we have never been before.

All ages are submissive to love - travel photographer Ignacio Lehmann pays attention to this feeling. B - the most diverse couples, young and old, rich and poor, from different countries, under different circumstances, but the only thing that unites them is the same love that knows no boundaries.

Actually, it all comes down to a fairly simple question: what is so special about us, what is our last value? It is unlikely that these will be skills like arithmetic or typing, in which machines have already surpassed us. And it is unlikely to be rational, since machines are devoid of all these addictions, prejudices and emotions that we have.

Perhaps we should consider qualities at the other end of the spectrum: radical creativity, irrational originality, even a dose of plain illogical craziness rather than rigid logic. A little Kirk instead of Spock. Until now, it has been very difficult for machines to imitate these qualities: crazy leaps of faith, arbitrary enough to be predicted by a robot, let alone mere chance. Their problem is our opportunity.

I am not suggesting that we abandon reason, logic, and critical thinking. In fact, precisely because we value the values ​​we associate with rationality and sanity so much, we should also value the opposite a little.

And I'm not a Luddite, quite the contrary. You see, if we continue to improve information-processing machines and make them adapt and learn from every interaction with the world, from every bit of data that comes to them, we will soon have useful rational assistants. They will allow us to overcome some of our human limitations in translating information into rational decisions. And they will keep getting better and better.

Therefore, we must strive to ensure that the human contribution to this division of labor complements the rationality of machines, and does not compete with them. Because it will always distinguish us from them, and it is this difference that will create our value.


And if I'm right, we should encourage the development of creative thinking, irrational solutions, unusual ideas. Not because irrationality is bliss, but because a dose of illogical creativity will complement the rationality of the machine. It will save us a place on the shelf of evolution.

Unfortunately, our education system is built in a completely opposite way. Like peasants in a pre-industrial mindset, our schools and universities are being built to turn out obedient servants of rationality and develop outdated skills to interact with outdated machines.

If we take the problem that machines pose seriously, we're going to have to change that, and pretty soon. Of course, we will have to learn fact-based rationality and how better facts lead to better decisions. We need to help our children learn how to work with the smartest of machines to improve their decision making. But most of all, we should take into account the long-term perspective: even if computers surpass us, we will remain the most creative building in the city, unless we completely suppress this aspect of humanity in ourselves.

Perhaps this is our chance to stay on the narrow path of evolution.

For several decades now, psychologists have been persistently interested in two modes of thought: the one that triggers the portrait of an angry woman, and the one that triggers the multiplication task. There are many names for these modes. I am using terms originally coined by psychologists Keith Stanovich and Richard West and will be talking about two systems of thought: System 1 and System 2.

System 1 works automatically and very quickly, with little or no effort and no sense of intentional control.
System 2 highlights the attention needed for conscious mental effort, including complex calculations. System 2 actions are often associated with a subjective sense of activity, choice, and concentration.

The concepts of System 1 and System 2 are widely used in psychology, but I go further in this book than others: it can be read as a psychological drama with two characters.
When we think of ourselves, we mean System 2 - the conscious, intelligent self that has beliefs, makes choices and decides what to think and do. Although System 2 considers itself to be the main actor, in reality the hero of this book is the automatically responding System 1. I believe that it effortlessly generates impressions and feelings, which are the main source of System 2 beliefs and conscious choices. The automatic actions of System 1 generate amazingly complex thought patterns, but only the slower System 2 can arrange them into an ordered sequence of steps. The following will describe the circumstances in which System 2 takes control, restricting the free impulses and associations of System 1. You are invited to consider the two systems as two entities, each with its own unique abilities, limitations, and functions.
Here is what System 1 can do (examples are ranked in ascending order of complexity):

Determine which of the two objects is closer.
Orient yourself towards the source of the harsh sound.
Finish the phrase "Bread with ...".
Draw a grimace of disgust at the sight of a vile picture.
Determine the hostility in the voice.
Solve example 2 + 2 =?
Read the words on the big billboards.
Drive a car on an empty road.
Make a strong chess move (if you are a grandmaster).
Understand a simple sentence.
Determine that the description "a quiet, neat person with a lot of attention to detail" is similar to a stereotype associated with a certain profession.

All of these actions are in the same category as the reaction to an angry woman: they occur automatically and require no (or almost no) effort. System 1 capabilities include our inner skills that we share with other animals. We are born ready to perceive the world around us, recognize objects, direct attention, avoid losses and be afraid of spiders. Other activities of the mind become quick and automatic after much practice. System 1 remembered the connection between ideas (the capital of France?) and learned to recognize and understand the subtleties of situations that arise in communication. Some skills, like the ability to find good moves in chess, are acquired only by expert experts. Other skills are given to many. To determine the similarity of a description of a person with a stereotype of a profession, broad linguistic and cultural knowledge is required, which many people have. Knowledge is stored in memory and we access it without conscious intention or effort.
Some of the actions on this list are completely involuntary. You can't stop yourself from understanding simple sentences in your native language or noticing a loud, unexpected sound; you can't stop yourself from knowing that 2 + 2 = 4, or remember Paris if someone mentions the capital of France. A number of activities, such as chewing, can be controlled, but they are usually performed on autopilot. Attention is controlled by both systems. Orientation to a loud sound usually happens involuntarily, using System 1, and then the attention of System 2 is immediately and purposefully mobilized. still pay attention to it, at least for a while. However, attention can be diverted from an unwanted object, and the best way is to focus on another goal.
The various functions of System 2 have one thing in common: they all require attention and are interrupted when attention is switched. For example, using System 2, you can do the following:

Prepare for the signal to start the race.
Watch the clowns at the circus.
Hear the voice of the right person in a crowded noisy room.
Note the gray-haired woman.
Identify the surprising sound by rummaging through memory.
Intentionally speed up the pace.
Monitor the appropriateness of behavior in a particular social situation.
Count the number of letters "a" in the text.
Dictate your phone number to the interlocutor.
Park where there is little space (unless you are a professional valet).
Compare two washing machines for price and features.
Fill out a tax return.
Check the consistency of complex logical arguments.

In all these situations, you need to be attentive, and if you are not ready or distracted, then you will cope worse or not cope at all. System 2 can change the operation of System 1 by reprogramming the normal automatic functions of attention and memory. For example, while waiting for a relative at a crowded train station, you can tune in to look for a gray-haired woman or a bearded man, and thus increase the chances of seeing her or him from a distance. You can stretch your memory to remember the names of the capitals that begin with the letter "H", or the novels of French existentialist writers. When you rent a car at London Heathrow Airport, you will probably be reminded that "we drive on the left side". In all these cases, you are being asked to do something out of the ordinary, and you will find that it takes constant effort to do so.
We often use the phrase "be careful" - and it is quite fair. We have a limited amount of attention that can be allocated to various activities, and if we go beyond the available, then nothing will work. The peculiarity of such activities is that they interfere with each other, and that is why it is difficult or even impossible to perform several at once. It is impossible to calculate the product of 17 24 when turning left in heavy traffic; not even worth trying. You can do several things at once, but only if they are easy and do not require too much attention. It's probably possible to talk to someone sitting next to you if you're driving down an empty highway, and many parents find—albeit with some embarrassment—that they can read a story to their child while thinking about something else.
Everyone is more or less aware of the limitations of attention, and our behavior in society takes into account these limitations. For example, if a car driver overtakes a truck on a narrow road, adult passengers quite reasonably keep silent. They know not to distract the driver; in addition, they suspect that he is temporarily "deaf" and will not hear their words.
Focusing on something, people, in fact, "go blind", not noticing what usually attracts attention. This was best illustrated by Christopher Chabry and Daniel Simons in The Invisible Gorilla. They made a short film about a basketball game where the teams play in white and black jerseys. Spectators are asked to count the number of passes that the players in white shirts will make, ignoring the players in black. This is a difficult task that requires full attention. About halfway through the video, a woman in a gorilla suit comes into the frame, crosses the set, thumps her chest, and walks away. She is in the frame for 9 seconds. The video was seen by thousands of people, but about half of them did not notice anything unusual. Blindness comes from the task of counting, especially from instructions to ignore one of the teams. Spectators who have not received this task will not miss the gorilla. Seeing and navigating are automatic functions of System 1, but they are performed only if some amount of attention is devoted to the corresponding external stimuli. According to the authors, the most remarkable thing about their study is that people are very surprised by its results. Spectators who have not noticed the gorilla are at first sure that it was not there - they are not able to imagine that they missed such an event. The gorilla experiment illustrates two important facts: we can be blind to the obvious and, moreover, we do not notice our own blindness.

Summary

The interaction of two systems is a cross-cutting theme of this book, so it is worth briefly describing its contents. So, while we are awake, both systems are working - System 1 and System 2. System 1 works automatically, and System 2 is in a comfortable mode of minimal effort, in other words, only a small part of its capabilities are involved. System 1 constantly generates suggestions for System 2: impressions, hunches, intentions, and feelings. If System 2 approves them, then impressions and premonitions turn into beliefs, and impulses into intentional actions. When everything goes smoothly—and it almost always does—System 2 accepts System 1's suggestions with little or no change. As a rule, you believe your impressions and act according to your desires, and this is usually quite acceptable.
When System 1 encounters difficulties, it turns to System 2 to solve the current problem with more detailed and focused processing. System 2 is mobilized when a question arises that System 1 does not have an answer to, as you probably did when you saw the 17 × 24 multiplication example. A conscious rush of attention is also felt when you are caught off guard. System 2 comes into play when an event is detected that disrupts the model of the environment in System 1's view. In its world, light bulbs don't bounce, cats don't bark, and gorillas don't walk on basketball courts. The gorilla experiment shows that attention is required to detect unexpected stimuli. Surprise or surprise engages and directs your attention: you peer intently and try to find an explanation for the amazing event in your memory. System 2 is responsible for constantly monitoring your behavior - it is thanks to it that you are able to remain polite in a rage and attentive when driving at night. System 2 mobilizes if it detects that you are about to make a mistake. Recall how you almost blurted out something offensive - and how difficult it was for you to control yourself. In general, most of what you (your System 2) think and do originates from System 1, but when things go wrong, System 2 takes over and usually has the final say.
The division of labor between System 1 and System 2 is very efficient: it gives the best performance with the least amount of effort. Most of the time, things work well because System 1 tends to do its job well: generating accurate situation models and short-term forecasts, and responding quickly and most often appropriately to emerging challenges. However, System 1 also has its distortions, the systematic errors that it tends to make under certain circumstances. As will be shown, at times she answers not the asked, but the easier questions and is poorly versed in logic and statistics. Another limitation of System 1 is that it cannot be disabled. When you see a word in a familiar language on the screen, you will read it - unless your attention is completely absorbed by something else.

Oleg Grigorievich Mityaev (born February 19, 1956, Chelyabinsk) is a Soviet and Russian singer-songwriter, musician, actor. Member of the Writers' Union of Russia. People's Artist of the Russian Federation (2009). Author and first performer of the song "It's great that we all gathered here today" (1978).
Mityaev's hometown is Chelyabinsk. His mother was a housewife and his father was a pipe factory worker. There was never a mat in the family, everyone respected each other. When the boy was seven years old, he went to school. At first it was school number 59, then school number 55, and he graduated from the 68th school in Chelyabinsk.
According to Mityaev, he turned out to be unprepared for the first grade, he did not meet the required level at all, he studied simply disgustingly, receiving only deuces and cola. The school seemed to be a complete torment, where only changes and holidays were joyful events. Only by the eighth grade did he manage to reach fours and threes in the report card.
As a child, Oleg spent a lot of time fiddling with yard dogs and even dreamed as a child that he would be a “dog breeder”. He tamed them, fed them, built booths, hid them from traps.
The yard was "gangster" for the real, where there were a lot of punks and massacre. Hockey player Sergei Makarov, who became a multiple world champion, and famous hockey player Sergei Starikov grew up in the same yard. Among the guys were those who later ended up behind bars.
Despite the fact that the boy spent a lot of time in the yard, his parents watched him closely, and there was no question of any attempt to smoke, all this was immediately stopped. Mom was a strict person. Mityaev recalls that if he allowed himself to leave the house, slamming the door loudly, he always received it from his mother. For this he is very grateful to her, as she taught him to control himself, to be restrained.
Passion for the guitar began with Oleg, like many at that time. He tried to play even without knowing the chords. "Gypsy Girl" was generally played on a guitar, where there were only two strings. After all the strings appeared, the repertoire expanded significantly. Having heard the songs of Vizbor and Dolsky for the first time, Oleg learned the cassettes by heart, it was the same with Sukhanov's cassette.
The song “March of the Installers” was one of my favorites, and largely because of this, Mityaev decided to become an installer and entered the installation college in 1971. There he trained as an electrical engineer. The choice of a profession happened quite by accident, it seemed to Oleg that this is exactly what a real man's work and real, real life are. Having already begun to study, he realized his mistake, realized that it was not his, especially when he encountered such an exact science as strength of materials. The young man made a promise to himself that he would finish his studies, despite the fact that he had to travel to study through the whole frozen Chelyabinsk.
At this time, Mityaev became seriously interested in swimming, having received the first category. He was promised that if he played sports, the army could be avoided, but it turned out the opposite. Suddenly he was taken to serve in Moscow, where he, being a sailor in a beautiful naval uniform, served in the guard of the Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union.

After the service, it was decided to enter the Institute of Physical Education. Oleg graduated with honors in 1981, which he himself was very surprised at. He was a participant in all amateur art competitions. Starting from 1978, the future bard wrote songs, and from 1980 he began not only to write, but also to perform them wherever they asked.
After graduating from the institute, Oleg Mityaev worked there as a teacher for four years and at the same time was the manager of a boarding house near Chelyabinsk. In the city philharmonic in 1985-1986 he worked as an artist. Mityaev began to think about the acting profession and in 1992 became a graduate of GITIS.
Even during the years of study at the Institute of Physical Education, the bard met Startsev, with whom he began performing. Bulat Okudzhava said at the time that in Mityaev's work one can feel an indomitable striving for perfection, which is sometimes much more important than an even, constant and average level.
Since 1987, the singer-songwriter began performing with Tarasov, releasing several discs and records together. And in 1992, Tarasov and Mityaev, together with the actors of the Moscow Council Theater, took part in the production of "Big Vladimir", where Mityaev played the role of Mayakovsky. The premiere took place in Italy. Later, Mityaev began to work with Margolin. He goes on tour, his concerts usually last about three hours. They are more like improvisation.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4K7fR9UO_U&feature=youtu.be
Even in his youth, the future bard thought that he would have one wife for life. However, in reality it turned out differently. Not considering his personal life successful, he does not really like to talk about it. From his first marriage, which did not last long, he has a son, whose name is Sergey. The second marriage also broke up. His wife bore him two children. Now Mityaev lives with his third wife, raising a joint daughter. Their marriage has been going on for fourteen years. His wife is an actress of the Vakhtangov Theatre.
The bard carried love for his native Chelyabinsk through his whole life. He comes there to give concerts at least once a year, because he cannot live without this city, without breathing its air and walking around the familiar streets. According to Mityaev, he often has dreams about his childhood, his yard. He considers happiness that a person lives in this world.