Every seven year old American child knows English. He did not put in extra effort for this. His intelligence is not higher than yours. This is a fact proving that everyone can speak English. But in order to move towards the goal along the shortest path, you need to choose the right methods. This article is about super techniques that will help you learn English in no time.

The first thing you encounter when you start learning a foreign language is unfamiliar words. A huge number of foreign words to remember. The most common memorization method is cramming, which is also the most tedious and inefficient. There are a couple of techniques for quickly memorizing words. Let's start with them.

Memorization of words. Mnemonics.

Popular wisdom says: "It is better to see once than hear a hundred times." A person quickly and effortlessly remembers bright pictures. Mnemonics teaches us to use this feature of our memory to remember various information: historical dates, numbers, shopping lists, etc. Methods of mnemonics are excellent for memorizing foreign words. They are many times more effective than cramming, because cramming ignores the principles by which human memory works, and mnemonics, on the contrary, uses these principles to ensure the most effective memorization of words.

How does mnemonics work? Young children memorize the order of the colors of the rainbow using a mnemonic phrase:

"Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits."

the phrase is easy to remember, especially if you imagine how it will look like - a hunter with a gun overweight looks at a bright iridescent pheasant sitting on a branch.

In one of Sergei Lukyanenko's novels, the protagonist uses a killer mnemonic phrase as a password to a top-secret computer system:

"Forty-nine monkeys put a banana in their ass."

Such a password cannot be forgotten. Especially if you present a picture of how it happened, it will be remembered from the first time for life.

We are interested in memorizing English words. Here is an example of how this is done using mnemonics. Word

eagle [needle] - eagle

memorize with a phrase "Eagle claws are 10 hellish needles". Imagine an eagle - what a huge powerful bird it is, imagine its feathers, imagine that it is above you and that its claws pierce your shoulder, but instead of claws, the eagle has 10 needles from a syringe, and a red cross on its side, imagine the pain that you experience. Represented? Now you remember this word for a long time, you can check it.

Memorization of words. card method.

The card method is very simple. You will need to buy small sheets of paper in the stationery store, about 5 by 5 centimeters in size. Let's say you have prepared 20 words that you need to remember. You do the following:

1. Write the word and transcription on one side of the piece of paper, and the translation on the other. One word - one leaf. You will end up with a stack of 20 cards.
2. Memorize all 20 words using mnemonics.
3. A week after memorization, the words must be repeated. Take a stack and for each card do the following:
   1. look at the word written on the card, try to remember the translation.
   2. Turn over the card and check that you translated it correctly.
   3. If you forgot a word, put the card aside.
4. Similarly, you check the translation of a word from Russian into English.
5. After a while, you will accumulate a whole stack of cards that you have set aside. You need to work with them more carefully, repeat them until you remember.

In addition to the effectiveness of this method, I like that you can always carry a stack of cards with you and repeat words anywhere. There is always something to do in line or on the way to work. A minimum of free time is spent - only on preparing cards.

You ask: "Why is the card method more effective than the usual cramming?" There is a strong scientific explanation for this.

The fact is that a person has two types of memory: short-term and long-term. The characteristic of short-term memory is quick and easy memorization and the same quick forgetting. With long-term memory, the opposite is true - and remembering and forgetting takes a long time.

If we repeatedly retrieve information from short-term memory, then this information gradually begins to move into long-term memory. Cramming is based on this principle. Mnemonics immediately throws information into long-term memory, which is more efficient.

If we repeatedly retrieve information from long-term memory, then this information becomes less prone to forgetting. The card method is based on this principle. Cramming, on the other hand, does not use long-term memory, so it is inefficient for repeating information.

So, the card method will allow you not to forget the words you have already learned and at the same time spend very little time on repetition. Read the detailed description of the method .

Grammar. Milashevich method.

Grammar. Dragunkin method.

Unlike the Milashevich method, which is applicable only to reading English texts, the Dragunkin method is comprehensive, it allows you to understand English grammar in all its diversity. At the same time, the form of material supply differs sharply from traditional methods. The author of the methodology abandoned the outdated, often simply artificial "rules", and gave his own description of English grammar - simple, logical and understandable.

Dragunkin uses his own terminology - functional, clear, absolutely transparent and understandable. It uses many original parallels with Russian grammar and its own transcription, with which any beginner can easily read and learn English words! In addition, the author of the methodology systematized the words-exceptions, solved the "problem" of articles and "irregular" verbs. And what is especially important, the most difficult "times" are mastered according to the Dragunkin method in a couple of days.

If your task is to master English grammar in full in order to write and speak rich English, then the Dragunkin technique will allow you to achieve results in the shortest possible time and without any extra effort. Read the detailed description of the methodology .

Ilya Frank method.

The most expensive English courses are conducted with a trip to English-speaking countries - the USA, Great Britain, Australia. People pay thousands of dollars for language immersion because both words and grammar are memorized by themselves, without effort. There is another affordable way to immerse yourself in the language environment - to read books in English. The method is good, if not for the tiring need to constantly refer to the dictionary.

Having firmly decided to study English on your own, you will definitely face the problem of choosing an effective method, of which there are a great many. Which method you choose is up to you.

What to focus on when choosing?

• First, your level of language proficiency
• Secondly, on personal financial and temporary opportunities
• Thirdly, based on your own intuitive desire

Dragunkin method

Dragunkin's Methodology Alexander Dragunkin explains the basics of English intelligibly and intelligibly. Dragunkin's technique for learning English is perfect for quick learning and memorization. The grammar is simplified as much as possible, the rules are facilitated. There are courses for both beginners and advanced.

Dragunkin has a completely different approach to learning, his own terminology, his own laws, his own vocabulary. He even redid the grammatical rules, systematized the exceptions, and solved the problems of using articles and irregular verbs. Dragunkin singled out new classes and groups of words, combining them according to common features; revealed the relationship between them. The presentation of the material follows a chain, from simple to complex, one follows from the other in a strict logical sequence.

Teaching English is based on the native language. Due to all these factors, the training time is reduced several times, and the perception of educational material is noticeably facilitated. The technique is aimed at quickly achieving results. The purpose of the program is not to teach, but to teach.

Pimsleur technique

The Pimsleur Method American Spoken English will help you master the Pimsleur English for Russian Speakers audio course. See the article Learn English using the method of Dr. Pimsleur. Also, the Pimsler technique helps to learn how to read correctly. Our site has all the audio lessons of conversational American, as well as lessons on reading.

The Pimsler Method is the only form of foreign language learning that includes a unique, patented memory training method. The course consists of thematic dialogues with detailed explanations and translation. Phrases are voiced by a native speaker.

The students listen to the recording and repeat the phrases after the speaker. Then the next speech turnover is voiced and its meaning is explained. The student repeats it again many times, then he needs to repeat the previous phrases, at the same time, inserting words from the new expression into it. New words are introduced, and old expressions are proposed to be repeated after a certain, constantly increasing, time interval.

A very interesting, and most importantly working, system of 30 audio lessons for half an hour. The course was created specifically for Russian speakers who want to know the speech of US residents. No textbooks, just listen and repeat. And soon you will be able to easily carry on a conversation with a real American.

Schechter method

This is a completely new emotional and semantic approach, stating that the development of a foreign language should be similar to the study of native speech. This method refers to direct gaming interactive methods of active learning. Politicians, cosmonauts, famous people studied using this method. Even Western private linguistic schools have paid attention to Schechter's method.

His methodology is based on a student-centered approach, where it is important to pay attention not to what to do with English, but what to do with a person in order to facilitate the learning process. A positive atmosphere, goodwill, learning without fatigue and stress are the main and mandatory components of each lesson.

The purpose of each individual lesson and training as a whole is to encourage the student to express his opinion in his own words, and not to reproduce memorized patterns and phrases from textbooks. Therefore, lectures are organized in the form of active participation of a person in the changing events of business and city life.

Also of great importance is the correction of speech and grammar, which students study in the higher cycles of the course. This technology is also used to memorize new material without memorization and rote repetition.

The BERLITZ Method of Learning English Another popular method is the BERLITZ method, which has been used by polyglots for over 200 years. It is based on the study of a foreign language abroad. There are over 400 BERLITZ language schools around the world. You can choose between group lessons and individual lessons. Read the article How to study English abroad.

This method requires a strict adherence to the basic principles:

• First you need to learn to speak, and then master the skills of reading and writing
• Grammar and vocabulary should be studied in the course of natural entertaining conversation, in a conversational context
• Only native speakers should teach the language
• The student must take an active part in the learning process.
• Native speech is not used at all, excluded from teaching
• The concept of translation is also excluded

Rosetta Stone

Rosetta Stone Method of Learning English One of the best is also recognized as the Rosetta Stone method - a convenient program for those who are going to emigrate. Learning a language from scratch. The user follows the same path as when learning their native language: words and images, pronunciation, grammar and syntax. The level of difficulty increases gradually.

The flash method allows you to learn English the same way you learned your native language from infancy - without rules. Mastering English occurs through repeated repetition, immersion in the language environment, the formation of associations. This program teaches you to automatically perceive and reproduce the most common conversational constructions.

The course completely lacks translation, instead of it there is an associative series. Vocabulary, syntax and grammar are acquired during the simulation of various life situations. The main focus is on visual memory. As an addition, I advise you to read a lot on your own

The non-transfer method means:

• No rules and translation
• Words are given immediately in context
• Memorization is achieved through numerous repetitions

An excellent program for those who want to learn the basics of the language on their own, without going too deep into details. Pictures make the technique interesting, and the study is stress-free.

Lex!

Program Lex! - a well-known way of enriching the vocabulary. Sitting at the computer, the user memorizes words, phrases, speech turns that periodically appear on the screen. It supports the ability to delete and add vocabulary, edit it, change learning intensity levels and time parameters. The features of human memory, attention and perception are taken into account.

The user can set and separately configure various translation modes: direct, reverse, written translation, their random alternation. The student independently determines the number of correct translations, which is an indicator that the word has been learned. Lex! – is accompanied by a detailed guide that will allow you to quickly find answers to all your questions.

Muller method

Stanislav Müller's technique lies in the harmonious interaction of conscious and subconscious thinking. To improve learning and memory, the latest developments of Russian and Western science are used - superlearning and holographic memory:

• Overlearning - helps to master any skills several times faster. At the same time, fatigue is much less and maintains a high level of performance.
• Holographic memory - helps to systematize life experience, increases memory capabilities, allows you to restore the ability to master the language

During the passage, exercises are performed to improve the imagination, which contributes to the memorization of lexical material. The course solves the problems of understanding spoken language, free reading, writing and speaking.

Frank method

I advise the method of Ilya Frank, which is based on learning English through reading special texts. With constant reading in this way for a year, one can learn to speak fluently, thanks to the special arrangement of the original text and translation. At the same time, the memorization of words and phrases does not occur due to cramming, but due to their constant repetition in the text.

All the same non-transferable method. In the books of Ilya Frank, the text is not divided into several passages - an adapted passage with a literal translation and lexical and grammatical commentary, then the same text, but without prompts. You are just reading a book, and at the same time learning a language.

The manager wrote up the sales slip (the manager filled out the form with the price). The crook looked at the slip and said, "This is a little more than I intended to spend." Can you show me something less expensive? (Could you show me something less expensive).”

The manager agreed and wrote up the sales slip. The crook looked at the slip and said, “This is a little more than I intended to spend. Can you show me something less expensive?”

The meaning of the unadapted text is that the reader, albeit for a short time, "floats without a board." After reading an unadapted paragraph, you can move on to the next adapted one. No need to go back and repeat. Just read the following text.

Gunnemark technique

You can try Eric Gunnemark's technique. The Swedish polyglot recommends that you start learning a language by mastering the active minimum of words and grammar rules. Why did he create a list of "speech stamps", which, in his opinion, must be memorized by yourself. Gunnemark called these collections "Minilex", "Miniphraz" and "Minigram". All material is illustrated and voiced by native speakers. The course is recommended for beginners. The Gunnemark Method These "mini-collections" should not be neglected, because they provide a guideline on what to focus on from the very beginning. Mastering the "mini-repertoire" will give the beginner self-confidence. The lists included in this collection are built in such a way that the student masters the most necessary independently. After all, when you have well-learned material and basic knowledge behind you, you inevitably begin to feel much more confident in any situation.

For Gunnemark, all training is subject to the following principles:

• Particular attention - "central words", that is, those words that most often "fly off the tongue"
• You need to learn not individual words, but whole expressions. You don't have to learn everything. For each typical situation, remember 1-2 expressions, but “by heart”
• It is better to learn one word perfectly than several words, but badly. Synonyms are not needed. Learn the main word
• Learned expressions try to use as often as possible
• As soon as possible, you need to learn the basics of good correct pronunciation
• Master the required minimum of grammar
• The most useful thing is reading

The linguist considers labor, time, teachers and material to be external factors of successful study. That is, how quickly you will advance in learning depends directly on your ability to organize your work and time, on the chosen methodology and teacher.

As you can see, there are many ways and they are all different. Which one is better is up to you. But having studied their basic principles, one can come to the conclusion that the main thing is communication and reading. Which I join.

Learning a new language is complex and individual. While some are banging their heads against the wall, trying to memorize at least “my name is Vasya”, others already easily read Hamlet in the original and communicate with foreigners at ease. Why is it so easy for them to learn? Are there any special secrets of mastering a foreign language? You will learn more about this below.

How do we learn a language

When someone says they are incapable of learning a new language, they want to object back.

Anyone can learn a new language. This ability is hardwired into our brains from birth. It is thanks to her that we unconsciously and naturally master our native language. Moreover, being placed in an appropriate language environment, children are able to master a foreign language without any effort.

Yes, then we go to school, learn grammar and punctuation, polish and improve our knowledge, but the basis of our linguistic skills is precisely the foundation that was laid down in early childhood. Please note that this happens without any tricky techniques, language classes and teaching aids.

Why can't we, as adults, just as easily learn a second, third, fourth language? Maybe this linguistic ability is inherent only in children, and as they grow older it disappears?

Partly it is. The older we get, the more our brain plasticity (its ability to create new neurons and synapses) decreases. In addition to purely physiological obstacles, there is one more. The fact is that the process of mastering a language in adulthood is fundamentally different from that of a child. Children are constantly immersed in the learning environment and gain new knowledge at every step, while adults, as a rule, allocate certain hours for classes, and use their native language the rest of the time. Motivation is equally important. If a child simply cannot live without knowing the language, then an adult without a second language is quite capable of successfully existing.

This is all understandable, but what practical conclusions can be drawn from these facts?

How should we learn the language

If you want to quickly and efficiently master a foreign language, then during the training you should try to follow some simple tips. They are aimed at minimizing the effect of age-related changes in your brain, and will also help you go through the whole process as easily and imperceptibly as children do.

Spaced repetitions

This technique allows you to better memorize new words and concepts. It lies in the fact that you must repeat the studied material at certain intervals, and the further, the smaller these intervals. For example, if you are learning new words, then they should be repeated several times during one lesson, then repeated the next day. Then again after a few days and finally fix the material after a week. Here is how this process looks like on a graph:

One successful application that uses this approach is . The program is able to keep track of which words you have learned and reminds you to repeat them after a certain time. At the same time, new lessons are built using the material already studied, so that the knowledge you have gained is fixed quite firmly.

Learn a language before bed

Mastering a new language requires, for the most part, simply memorizing large amounts of information. Yes, for grammar rules it is desirable to understand their application, but in general you will have to memorize new words already along with examples. For better memorization, do not miss the opportunity to repeat the material again before going to bed. A study by American scientists has confirmed that memorization before going to bed is much stronger than during a lesson during the day.

Learn content, not just language

Teachers with great experience are well aware that the abstract study of a foreign language is much more difficult than if it is used to master any interesting material. This is also confirmed by scientists. For example, an experiment was recently set up in which one group of participants learned French in the usual way, while the other was instead taught one of the basic subjects in French. As a result, the second group showed significant progress in listening comprehension and translation. Therefore, make sure to supplement your classes with the consumption of content that is interesting to you in the target language. This can be listening to podcasts, watching movies, reading books, etc.

We are all constantly busy, and making time for full-fledged activities is not so easy. Therefore, many people limit themselves to 2-3 hours a week, specially allocated for a foreign language. However, it is much better to practice, albeit less in time, but every day. Our brain does not have such a large buffer of RAM. When we try to cram the maximum amount of information into it in one hour, overflow quickly sets in. Much more useful are small in duration, but frequent classes. Just perfect for this, special ones are suitable that will allow you to practice at any free moment.

Mix old and new

We try to quickly advance in learning and get more new knowledge. However, this is not entirely correct. Things go much better when the new is mixed with already familiar material. So we not only learn fresh material more easily, but also consolidate the lessons learned. As a result, the process of mastering a foreign language is much faster.

Learning is easy when the process is interesting. English can become your favorite language if you choose the right teaching method. Clear, effective, fast - every student dreams of finding such a program. Clicking tests like nuts, fluent conversations in English, retelling new episodes of Sherlock Holmes in the original - all this can be achieved if you follow the right course. In the article we will talk about the methods created by professional linguists. Each of the programs has its own characteristics. Based on the description, it will be easier for you to choose the most suitable option.

8 Best Methods for Learning English

Polyglot system

The absolute leader of our list is the method developed by Dmitry Petrov. The project marketers showed the effectiveness of the program on the example of 8 students who mastered the language in a television reality show format in just 16 lessons. The essence of the technique is constant communication. Even the theory, which is usually taken to study from a textbook, is spoken out. From the very first lectures, students begin to speak the language they are learning. With each subsequent time, the skills become stronger, the lexicon is replenished, grammatical rules are assimilated.

Classes are held in the classroom, in a group. Students are given a topic for conversation, and mass communication begins. Hobbies, favorite movies, plans for the weekend, pets, memories of childhood - the conversation can be on any topic, the main thing is to talk, talk, talk. And do it beautifully and correctly.

Dragunkin's technique

This is one of the effective methods of learning English, which allows you to quickly learn the basics and reach a confident conversational level. The program is designed with a focus on the express format. Grammar is presented in a generalized way, without immersion in the subtleties of the rules. Phonetics introduces all the key points that must be taken into account in colloquial speech, learn how to read and pronounce transcriptions correctly.

If you are learning a language from scratch and want to quickly master its basics, the Dragunkin method is ideal. There is also a program for advanced students. But one point is important here: if you have previously learned the language using a different method, the Dragunkin system can raise many questions. The peculiarity of the course is in its terminology and interpretation of the rules. The developer presented the English grammar according to his own system: he combined all the exceptions into a separate group, made an understandable scheme for articles and irregular verbs, created new categories of words, logically connected with each other.

Each theme logically replaces the previous one, the complexity increases gradually. The author proved that learning English using standard school textbooks is a long and complicated process. Everything is much easier than it seems. The main thing is to find the right method.

Pimsleur technique

This quick method of learning English from scratch is an option for those who need American English. The uniqueness of the program is that it not only helps to learn a foreign language, but also trains memory well, expands its resources. Course mechanics - in audio lessons. All a student needs to learn Pimsleur English is headphones and a tablet loaded with a program of 30 lessons.

The lesson consists of listening to the material: dialogues, monologues, repetition of phrases and speech turns. First, the speaker speaks, then the student repeats words and sentences, the next phrase consists of part of the used phrases and new ones - this is how the vocabulary is formed in layers. Without notes and textbooks, in memory.

Schechter method

This modern method of learning English works very differently from the classical ways of learning information. Each student - an individual approach and the search for the keys to motivation. Schechter's program has received recognition in the highest circles of power and show business. This course is chosen by famous politicians, public figures, athletes and artists. The process is efficient and at the same time pleasant, not much like a lesson.

The lesson takes place in the format of a conversation, discussion of current events, hobbies, lifestyle, goals for the future of students. The emphasis is on independent work with information - the formation of speech patterns and pronunciation. You say - the teacher delicately corrects. It is so easy to understand what the mistake is, to hear yourself and learn the rules.

Berlitz method

The program allows you to quickly master the language, but it is considered one of the most expensive. The BERLITZ course can only be taken abroad - this is the essence of the methodology. You find yourself in a new environment that requires the activation of communication skills in English. You will have to learn not only to speak, but also to think in a foreign language. This is one of the most mature programs, was created 200 years ago. Demanded to this day.

What is the essence of the method:

Acquaintance with English begins with a conversation. Communication with the carrier is the basis of the process. First, the student speaks, and then proceeds to reading and graphic practice of letters.

Grammar, phonetics, vocabulary are also learned during a conversation, which is by no means academic. Communication in the classroom takes place on topics abstracted from linguistics: first love, funny incidents from life, vivid memories from childhood. Teachers strive to make the conversation interesting. Thus, the student develops an interest in the language.

No Russian. You will not hear native words until you return home. Only English. Let at first clumsily and incorrectly, it does not matter. Every day the skills will improve.

Textbooks, workbooks, audio materials that you used at home will not be useful here. The program is unique, different tools and techniques are used.

The Rosetta Stone Method

Easy and fast way to understand and remember new material. No rules, tables or charts. You learn English at ease, as if you were doing a hobby. Classes are held in the format of a conversation. You listen, play associations, pass through yourself and try to build sentences on your own. A few repetitions and new phrases and speech constructions will appear in the vocabulary. The program is built from simple to complex. It will not be difficult even for those who are not familiar with the English alphabet.

A feature of the methodology is the lack of translation and rules. The student learns the meaning of words in context. The proposals are given in the projection on the life situations that we face every day. Even without knowing the meaning of the word, it immediately becomes clear. You first digest the material yourself, and then the teacher explains the controversial points.

Program Lex!

This technique will be useful for those who are already familiar with English, know how to correctly compose sentences, and have grammar. The main function of Lex! - vocabulary enrichment. You install the program on a computer or laptop and start studying. On the monitor you will see words, sentences, phrases that you will need to remember to reproduce (in writing and orally). In combination with the training material, there are tests to identify the level that you have reached in Lex!. This allows you to understand how much has been covered and what lies ahead for you.

In addition to learning English, the technique trains memory, which is useful for students of different ages.

Muller method

This innovative technique engages the conscious and subconscious aspects of our thinking. Stanislav Müller turned to neuropsychological techniques that help activate previously hidden possibilities. It is based on two methods - the holographic memory method and the overlearning system:

Holographic memory helps the student to highlight the main thing, to develop the ability to intensively assimilate new material. The student begins to logically build the flow of knowledge, it is convenient for himself to systematize every detail of it.

The overlearning system allows you to speed up the learning process. the material is digested easier, faster and energy-saving. The technique correctly calculates the labor force, the educational process does not tire.

The technique is ideal for students aged 16-18. In learning English with children, it is better to give preference to other programs.

Tips on how to quickly learn English on your own

Whichever method you choose, to consolidate knowledge, additional processing of the material is required. Especially in difficult times. You feel a gap - it needs to be filled in time. We will give you useful tips that will make your training as effective as possible.

• Get a personal dictionary. It can be a simple notebook in which you will write out complex words and rules that you can’t remember in any way, you get confused when building a sentence. But to write down does not mean to close and forget. From time to time, you need to look through the notebook and pronounce words and phrases, first to yourself, and then out loud. Three to four times a week will be enough.
• Record yourself on a voice recorder. This is necessary in order to understand how correctly you pronounce sounds and their combinations in various transcriptions. An excerpt from a book, a chapter from a textbook, a poem - use the genre at your discretion. The main thing is to clearly pronounce the words and try to make intonation stresses.
• Stickers to help. Passed the topic - write down the thesis main points on a sticker and stick it in the most prominent places in your house: on the refrigerator, door, wall near the computer. The more often the notes appear in front of your eyes, the faster you will fix the material.

• Speak more English. Even if there are no native speakers around you, have a dialogue with your loved ones, parents, brothers and sisters, friends. Ask them the usual questions in English only. And help answer. So you will feel like both a student and a teacher, check your level, how much you are able to see and correct mistakes.

And do it with joy. The mood with which you sit down for textbooks is very important. Information is much easier to digest when you want to take it. Success in your studies!

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The article presents an overview of the ideas about the methods of effective learning in the organization of the motivational foundations of the educational process. World science tends to recognize the role of a teacher as a manager, coach, tutor, organizer, who seeks to manage and guide the actively developing cognitive activity of the teacher. A significant tendency has appeared not only to take into account the level of abilities, the development of the orientation of the personality, but also to involve it in the active process of awareness, for what purposes certain knowledge can be applied. Effective learning methods are directly related to the organization of the educational process, where structured, ordered, planned for a specific project and consistently implemented motivated steps in the learning process ensure the achievement of the predicted goal. Due to the fact that any motivation performs the function of meaning formation, then in order to obtain adequate meanings of learning, it is necessary to purposefully form a special meaning-forming motivation of students, where our important task is to build a single mental picture for the entire learning process due to the rapidly changing educational environment, the rapid development of sciences and technologies.

motivation

motivational grounds

educational environment

students

effective teaching methods

educational process

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9. Rubinstein S.L. Fundamentals of General Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000. - 720 p.: ill. - (Series "Masters of Psychology").

The current stage of development of education implies the intensity and effectiveness of the search for improvements in theories and practices, and society needs a generation that can work for results, to ensure socially significant achievements. In general, world science tends to recognize the role of a teacher as a manager, coach, tutor, organizer, who seeks to manage and direct the actively developing cognitive activity of the teacher. That is, a significant tendency has appeared not only to take into account the level of abilities, the development of the personality's orientation, but also to involve it in an active process of awareness, for what purposes certain knowledge can be applied. After all, "a necessary condition for the success of the educational process is the formation of the semantic sphere of the trainees, their clear awareness of the goals and meanings of educational activity" . Thus, the effectiveness of the teacher will consist of a didactic concept, certain technological chains of actions that are structurally aligned in accordance with motivational and target settings that have the form of planned, expected results.

The problem of educational motivation was dealt with by many scientists, such as: V.V. Davydov, D.B. Elkonin, G.S. Abramova, P.M. Jacobson, E.P. Ilyin, A.A. Rean, O.N. Verbitsky and others. “The development of learning motivation is characterized by a change in the attitude of students to educational activities - from negative or neutral to active, personal, creative. Educational motivation is a set of motives that, in the process of their interaction, determine the activity of the subject in the educational process and provide a professional orientation for self-development. The development of motivation is always a process of changing the hierarchy of motives, their composition, stability, the emergence of new ones, and the actualization of students' psychological formations. The very educations that provide the choice of the subject and the way to meet the needs, where the motives of self-education, self-development become the most relevant. “Studying at a university correlates with adolescence, the period of early adulthood. The main motivational lines of this age period (self-knowledge, self-expression, self-affirmation) are associated with an active desire for personal self-improvement.

Numerous scientific studies trace the importance of educational and cognitive motives in educational activities, an orientation towards obtaining strong professional knowledge and practical skills, towards one's own growth and improvement (D.B. Elkonin, A.A. Rean, V.A. Yakunin, N. I. Meshkov).

In the development of motivational processes, a decisive role is played by satisfaction with educational activities, the level of which is considered as an indicator of the effectiveness of learning, focused on increasing the student's learning motivation, both in the current period of time and in the future. There is a dependence: the stronger the student's needs are met in educational activities, the more productive his attitude to learning will be determined. Effective teaching methods are directly related to the organization of the educational process, where motivational bases are a significant factor. Structured, ordered, planned for a specific project and consistently implemented motivated steps in the learning process ensure the achievement of the predicted goal.

It should be recalled that any motivation performs the function of meaning formation, and in order to obtain adequate meanings of learning, it is necessary to purposefully form a special meaning-forming motivation of students. “Under the sense-forming motivation, one can mean such motivation that forms long-term, strategic life meanings, and is not limited to the current segment of life, the state of “here-and-now” . Hence, it is necessary to ensure not only the inner meaning of mastering a profession (a field of activity in which it will be interesting), but also its continuation, transcendence outside the actual professional sphere into the area of ​​​​the entire life of a person as an ontological subject and as a person. And any activity proceeds more efficiently and gives high-quality results when a person has strong, vivid, deep motives that cause a desire to act actively, with full dedication of strength, to overcome difficulties, adverse conditions and other circumstances, persistently moving towards the intended goal. All this is directly related to successful learning activities, in the event that students have a positive attitude towards learning, a craving for cognitive interest and a need to acquire knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as if they are brought up with the concepts of: a sense of duty , responsibility and other motives of teaching.

For example, educational demonstration films and webinar courses on additional education, which are conducted by young scientists, teachers, managers - E.A. Romanova, K. Sarkisov, T.V. Nikishina, M. Gubina, A. Mosyagina, A. Polyansky, where the tasks of motivation in learning are set and solved:

• Motivation in learning. When do students really want to study? How to involve and captivate them in the learning process? Interactivity, regular feedback, achievements, successes, competitiveness. Does gamification help solve these issues? Are game mechanics engaging or motivating? Fans in training. What is fun in learning, and what can it be? Motivation in blended learning. How to motivate students in a blended learning model so that they successfully complete all stages to the end with the desired result? Mandatory elements of any training. How to identify needs, interests and goals? How to conduct participatory and/or "Let's play!" training? What can be the internal and external motivation of students? Motivation strategy. What are the factors that influence students' desire to learn?
• Case-study as an effective method of activating cognitive activity and motivating students to learn. What are the possibilities of using case-study in the educational process: from webinars to practical tasks? What modern educational methods and technologies does case-study combine with?
• Online tools for interactive interaction in education, online services for collaboration, means of communication and interaction with educational content in learning, combining various types of learning activities (lecture courses, tests, webinars), communications (surveys, forums, blogs) in a single learning space. How to make various tools work within a single process (badges, ratings, "thank you", virtual currency, prizes, etc.)?

Analyzing and also taking into account all these new trends: involvement in the learning process, interactive gamification and fun, case-study, mixed learning models, we must take into account the components of motivation. “Since learning stands out as a special type of activity for which learning, mastering knowledge and skills is not only a result, but also a goal. The main motives for conscious learning, associated with the awareness of its tasks, are the natural desire to prepare for future activities and - since the teaching itself is mediated, accomplished through the mastery of knowledge accumulated by mankind, knowledge of the world - interest in knowledge.

We are committed to incorporating the use of knowledge engineering methods into teaching as the latest trend in the development of e-learning, blended learning and face-to-face learning. At the same time, we understand that information educational technologies are not only tools: the Internet and software are, first of all, the use of methods and tools for extracting, processing, systematizing and applying information. Therefore, we have to ask questions and be puzzled by finding answers to them:

• How to use modern methods and ways of working with knowledge in the daily process, in the usual practice of various types of education? What is the driving force of the educational process and how to properly manage it? How do data and information turn into knowledge and personal experience that motivates the student? How to build a model of a successful student that changes during training and, on its basis, draw up his individual educational trajectory leading to success? How to most effectively achieve pedagogical educational goals by using the motivational components of student learning? How to compose the content of the training course, to form with its help the skills of students in acquiring, processing, structuring and applying the acquired knowledge?

And the student needs to understand why he needs to know the proposed topic and its purpose; what is the main task of the educational problem situation contained in it, which can be comprehended if you study its content; what is its theoretical and practical significance; how it was previously applied; what could be the issues of self-control and self-assessment of opportunities to study it? It is important for students to show a plan for the trajectory of the upcoming work, which includes situations of a different nature: emotional passion and success in achieving goals; intellectual search for problems and discussions, gaming competition. Students are interested when the learning process is associated with the analysis of mistakes and achievements, the selection of forms and methods of stimulation and motivation, such as: encouragement, reprimand, development of the desire to be useful, motivation to search for alternative solutions, self-assessment of activities and its correction, reflection of behavior, project method , forecasting. Positive emotions arising from the process of activity significantly promote a group of students to the intended results and serve as a kind of "reinforcement" of learning motivation, which leads to the formation of its stability. Thus, through analysis and interpretations from the outside, the transition of external motivation and control to self-government, to skillful self-organization, self-control is carried out.

The successful formation of positive learning motives is closely related both to the effective use of various methods of stimulating the activity of students, and to the level of assimilation of methods of activity, to the level of various educational skills and abilities formed, and to the formation of educational and cognitive interest. At the same time, students get intellectual pleasure from solving problems, show interest in self-educational activities and independent acquisition of knowledge.

And we, of course, understand that without educational motivational content it is impossible to involve students in learning, and therefore it must be taken into account that in the context of the rapid development of technology it becomes difficult to pedagogically imagine a strict regulation of the content and methods of effective learning. In this regard, it is necessary to more scrupulously select methods and specifically form, develop and stimulate the motivation of students. Hence the need to form a high level of cognitive interest in the subject is our important task, and its solution will require the construction of a single mental picture for the entire learning process, where the main factors leading to its effectiveness are involved:

The style of communication of the teacher through the purposeful design of the educational process and forms of cooperation with students, including the creative approach of developing individual trajectories of developmental learning, providing for a change in activity with brief lecture presentations using multimedia, showing various sharp meaningful lecture moments, using modern tools and information and computer technologies etc.;

The nature and level of educational and cognitive activity, increasing through the improvement of the selection of variability, various didactic material (on printed and electronic media, instructions, maps, lecture demonstration fragments); the use of various types of independent work, taking into account the motivational interests of students (tasks with informative and entertaining, and maybe tricky questions); structuring the lecture, taking into account the call of an emotional response to activate cognitive mental processes, encouragement to form one's own point of view on the problem, as well as demonstrating the importance of knowledge and skills in life, its connection between theory and practice on vivid examples of achievements and failures.

And as a result of such work, an effective system for the development of learning motivation is formed, which includes a whole range of creative tasks for the development of motivation for learning activities, consisting of:

causal relationships,

combined information,

Planning and practical implementation.

Over the past few years, dramatic changes have taken place, a transition has taken place, or rather a leap that has irreversibly changed the properties of the educational environment. A clear request for the individualization of education has taken shape, when the student himself is motivated, chooses and implements his own trajectory of progress towards the educational goal. Not only the models of the subject and object of learning are changing at all levels and at all levels of education, but also the entire process of acquiring knowledge, their reproduction. The memorization and storage of knowledge is already complemented by the ability to search for and select information for learning in all media. With an abundance of available educational resources, students need help in the form of a modern pedagogical demanded competent position that can work at all educational stages of education (full-time, online, distance), so that each student can participate in organizing their own motivated learning.

Considering these aspects and the ever-increasing independence of the interaction between the teacher and the student (which encourage them to be active in various technological processes: developing education, problem-based, project-based, integrated, modular learning, games, cases, master classes, critical thinking, level differentiation, health-saving, communicative ), the content of training is implemented in a new way, the achievement of goals is ensured, modern forms of teaching methods are changed and provided.

And, in conclusion, scientists 20 years ago argued that “any reforms and transformations in the field of education can be successful only if they are supported by a clear implementation program. However, what to do now in conditions of uncertainty, unpredictability, rapid development of sciences and technologies, when strict regulation of the content and methods of education becomes impossible? For teachers, it seems to be a critically important and paradoxical problem to engage in creative development of individual trajectories of developmental learning, motivated learning, aiming students for further learning and activity in the environments of the future and creating conditions to help achieve it. Nevertheless, “we all remember how, quite recently, university professors took courses in “computer education”; Now is the time to take another, new step forward. Pedagogical activity is a great and difficult art, a kind of “one-actor theater”, and each lesson is a kind of master class. Therefore, it is important when developing the next effective training motivational course to take into account:

1. Text leading to the goal.

2. Modern tools.

3. The complex of text design of the lecture, the motivational logistics of presenting the material.

Bibliographic link

Gasanova R.R. METHODS OF EFFECTIVE LEARNING IN THE ORGANIZATION OF MOTIVATIONAL BASES OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS // International Journal of Experimental Education. - 2017. - No. 5. - P. 41-45;
URL: http://expeducation.ru/ru/article/view?id=11662 (date of access: 10/26/2019). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"