Anna Karenina - the heroine of our time (Based on the novel by L. Tolstoy
"Anna Karenina")

Reading stuff like "Anna Karenina" by Leo Tolstoy, or Madame Bovary by Flaubert, we think about the plight of women, about the meaning and purpose of their lives. And although these two, one might say, mutually related things often do not coincide in our lives.
Does Tolstoy condemn or justify Anna Karenina? And how should the mysterious words of the epigraph be understood: “Vengeance is mine, and I will repay”? Is it a terrible death?
the well-deserved punishment of this woman, until the very end remains pure and beautiful for the reader?
The hero of a tragedy cannot be a person with incomplete, fragmented feelings. A person with small, sensitive feelings and compromise thoughts cannot embrace the whole reality with his thoughts or feelings and touch the most important thing, cannot resist the whole world, making high demands on it, at the cost of his own life, cannot show the true misfortune of many people. This is exactly what Tolstoy's heroine, Anna, did. She wanted to embrace the whole world with her love. And the cold, cruel world that surrounded her did not accept her bright love.
In the image of Anna, Tolstoy shows a magical aristocrat, and above all, a gentle, feminine woman, with sad eyes, asking the author to solve the riddle of human life.
Tolstoy's wife, Sofya Andreevna, recorded the author's words: "He said that his task was to make this woman only feminine and innocent." Thus, he would agree with Anna's thoughts: “I am not guilty that God made me such that I need to love and live ...”
Having met Vronsky in the carriage, Anna had a feeling of a storm in her life - a premonition of "forbidden" happiness. The power of life boiled in her, and such a desire for real life was tantamount to this raging storm.
It must be said that in Anna Karenina Tolstoy develops one of the main themes of his work, the theme of the alienation of the world from man and the great desire of mankind - the desire to appropriate the whole world to man. Anna Karenina was ready to fly towards the whole world. And it is clear that the love that arose in a bright soul, Anna was ready to give to the whole world. Anna's love is lofty and beautiful, she felt the need for life and love for everyone in general, and each one individually.
But Vronsky and Anna killed her with their love. Just starting their love, they instantly began to destroy it. Anna's love was life itself. But this love was death itself. Did this mean that death pretended to be life? Yes, she can do it. And it was clear that the love of Anna and Vronsky was simply doomed to failure. Although nature itself called Anna to love. And, at the same time, nature itself condemns her for the love that lived in Anna's soul.
We must not forget that Anna's feelings for her feelings, for his conscientiousness, her readiness to condemn herself are at the same time a protest against this. Between Anna's feelings and Tolstoy's thoughts there is a border that runs through the whole novel: the border between Tolstoy's attitude towards Anna and his attitude towards lies and evil, into which she entered both in her feelings for Karenin and in feelings for Vronsky.
And at this time, the whole world turns away from her. And the sky, and the sun, and greenery condemn her ...
Unfortunately, it is Anna's love that kills her. Not finding happiness with her husband, she strives to see him with Vronsky, but again and again they are disappointed. Vronsky is not a man for family life, much less for true love. Since Karenin, he is not a person who lived for the sake of people. But Anna realizes this only later. Disappointed in life and in love, Anna cannot find herself in life and sees a way out only by taking such a desperate step - a step towards death. I must say that not every person is ready to adequately look into the eyes of death, not everyone can leave children, and life in general. In the image of Anna, in my opinion, Tolstoy showed a woman who challenged the world in which she lived, openly "shouted" about her feelings.
Unfortunately, in our time there are a lot of women with the fate of Anna Karenina. And I must say that the human soul will always strive for happiness, and most importantly, for mutual love, and very rarely will it find it.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Hosted at http://www.allbest.ru/

Portrait of a literary hero - Anna Karenina

Introduction

2. Prototype hero

3. The story of the hero's life

4. Moral principles

6. Own attitude towards the hero

Introduction

Anna Karenina is a novel by Leo Tolstoy, on which he worked from 1873 to 1877. Beginning in 1875, the novel was published in installments in the Moscow Russkiy Vestnik. The novel was completed on April 5, 1877.

A novel about the tragic love of a married lady Anna Karenina for a brilliant officer Vronsky against the backdrop of the love and happy family life of Konstantin Levin and Kitty Shcherbatskaya. A large-scale picture of the manners and life of the noble environment of St. Petersburg and Moscow in the second half of the 19th century, combining the philosophical reflections of the author's alter ego of Levin with the most advanced in Russian literature, psychological sketches, as well as scenes from the life of peasants. ANNA KARENINA - the heroine of the novel by L.N. TOLSTOY "Anna Karenina" (1873-1877); one of the most popular female images of Russian classical literature. Tolstoy wanted to write a novel about a woman from high society who "lost herself", around whom many male types easily grouped, awakening the writer's creative imagination.

Usually called a family one, but this is primarily a love story, which is confirmed by its numerous dramatizations for the theater and film adaptations here and in the West. Full of life, the young beauty Anna and the class and spiritually limited aristocrat Vronsky, the awkward honest eccentric Levin (yes, this noble Russian surname must be pronounced and written with “ё”) and the truthful, longing for happiness in love and family Kitty, kind, unhappy in love, but Dolly, happy in family cares and children, the frivolous, irresponsible, but charming cheerful Stiva Oblonsky, and even the lean high-ranking bureaucrat Karenin, this “man in a case” who is afraid of real life - they all love, and everyone understands love in their own way.

1. Portrait of a literary hero

Anna Karenina is a secular married woman, the mother of an eight-year-old son. Thanks to her husband, she occupies a high position in society. She lives, like everyone else in her circle of friends, an ordinary secular life. It differs from the rest in moral purity, inability to adapt to circumstances, to be hypocritical. She always felt the falsity of the surrounding relations, and this feeling intensifies after meeting Vronsky. The love of Anna and Vronsky was not happy. Although they turned a blind eye to the secular court, but still something interfered with them, they could not completely immerse themselves in love. Tolstoy, as a realist and subtle psychologist, explains the tragic doom of love between Anna and Vronsky not only by external causes - the harmful influence of society, but also by deep internal circumstances that are hidden in the souls of the characters. The writer avoids unambiguous characteristics of the characters.

Anna is a freedom-loving, spiritually gifted, smart and strong woman, but there was "something cruel, alien, demonic" in her feelings. For the sake of passion, she forgets about her maternal duty, does not notice the suffering of Karenin. Living with Vronsky, Anna does not understand his desire to have children together, to create a real family. At the end of the work, it is already difficult to recognize her: she does not dissolve with all her heart in her feelings, does not give herself to the man she loves, but, on the contrary, requires only resigned submission and service to herself, although she does not stop loving Vronsky. Having completed the story about the heroine, Tolstoy did not solve all the exciting questions: who is to blame for her death? What pushed her to commit suicide? Why couldn't Anna be content with her marriage to Karenin and a new family relationship with Vronsky? Why did the woman who valued love above all else end up dying from it? The author does not end the novel with the death of Anna Karenina, he realizes that the tragic end of the heroine's life is the result of a deep breakdown of spiritual values, the moral destruction of civilization.

2. Prototype hero

One of the prototypes of Anna Karenina is often called the eldest daughter of A.S. Pushkin - Maria Hartung (1832-1919). The estate of M.A. Gartung was located not very far from Yasnaya Polyana. The meeting with Leo Tolstoy left an indelible impression on her whole life. And the appearance of the daughter of the great poet so impressed the writer that he captured her features in the image of Anna Karenina.

"... By one glance at the appearance of this lady, Vronsky determined her belonging to the high society .... He felt the need to look at her again - not because she was very beautiful, not because of that grace and modest grace that were visible in her whole figure, but because in the expression of her pretty face, when she passed him, there was something especially tender and tender. When he looked round, she also turned her head. friendly, attentively fixed on his face, as if she recognized him, and immediately transferred to the approaching crowd, as if looking for someone. a barely perceptible smile that curved her ruddy lips. As if an excess of something so overwhelmed her being that, beyond her will, was expressed now in the gleam of her eyes, now in a smile. She deliberately extinguished the light in her eyes, but it shone against in her will in a barely noticeable smile ... "This is how Anna Karenina appears before the reader. This was seen by Maria Alexandrovna and Leo Tolstoy.

Let me remind you that Pushkin was not only a great poet, husband, but also a father: he had four children (Sasha, Masha, Grisha and Natasha). Maria, the eldest daughter, was educated at home. In 1860, she married General Leonid Nikolaevich Gartung, head of the first horse breeding district near Tula. 17 years after his marriage, L. I. Hartung, unjustly accused of embezzlement, shot himself. They didn't have children. M. A. Gartung did not marry after the death of her husband, she lived alone in Moscow, taking care of her many nephews. She died already under Soviet rule, in 1919. however, A.K. there were other prototypes, including the sister of Tolstoy's close friend M.A. Dyakova-Sukhotina, who survived the divorce proceedings and had a second family. Contemporaries found many other prototypes, some of the circumstances of life and death of which correlated with the storyline of the heroine of the novel, in particular, the history of the relationship between the actress M.G. Savina and N.F. Sazonov is mentioned.

3. The story of the hero's life

In the first part of the novel, the heroine appears as an exemplary mother and wife, a respected society lady and even a conciliator of troubles in the Oblonsky family. Anna Arkadyevna's life was most filled with love for her son, although she somewhat exaggeratedly emphasized her role as a loving mother. Only Dolly Oblonskaya sensitively caught something false in the whole warehouse of the Karenins' family life, although the attitude of A.K. her husband was built on unconditional respect.

After meeting with Vronsky, without giving vent to the emerging feeling, A.K. she realizes in herself not only the awakened thirst for life and love, the desire to please, but also some power beyond her control, which, regardless of her will, controls her actions, pushing her closer to Vronsky and creating a feeling of being protected by the “impenetrable armor of lies”. Key and Shcherbatskaya, carried away by Vronsky, during the fatal ball for her sees a “devilish gleam” in the eyes of A.K. and feels in her "something alien, demonic and charming." It should be noted that, unlike Karenin, Dolly, Kitty, A.K. not at all religious. The truthful, sincere A.K., who hates all falsehood and lies, has a reputation in the world as a fair and morally impeccable woman, herself gets entangled in a false and false relationship with her husband and the world.

Under the influence of the meeting with Vronsky, A.K.'s relations change dramatically. with everyone around her: she cannot tolerate the falsity of secular relationships, the falsity of relationships in her family, but the spirit of deceit and lies that exists against her will drags her further and further to the fall. Having become close to Vronsky, A.K. recognizes himself as a criminal. After the generosity repeatedly shown by her husband towards her, especially after the forgiveness received during the postpartum illness, A.K. more and more begins to hate him, painfully feeling his guilt and realizing the moral superiority of her husband.

Neither a little daughter, nor a trip with Vronsky to Italy, nor life on his estate give her the desired peace, but only bring awareness of the depth of her misfortune (as in a secret meeting with her son) and humiliation (scandalously humiliating episode in the theater). Most of all, A.K. feels from the impossibility of bringing together his son and Vronsky. The deepening spiritual discord, the ambiguity of the social position, cannot be compensated either by the environment artificially created by Vronsky, or by luxury, or by reading, or by intellectual interests, or by the habit of sedative drugs with morphine. A.K. she constantly feels her complete dependence on the will and love of Vronsky, which irritates her, makes her suspicious, and sometimes induces her to coquetry unusual for her. Gradually A.K. comes to complete despair, thoughts of death, with which she wants to punish Vronsky, remaining for everyone not guilty, but pitiful. The life story of A.K. reveals the inviolability of the "family thought" in the work: the impossibility of achieving one's own happiness at the expense of the misfortune of others and forgetting one's duty and moral law.

4. Moral principles

anna karenina film adaptation

From the very beginning, in Anna Karenina we see two paths, two love stories with very different outcomes. The novel initially contrasts two men, two rivals, seeking the love of the sweet and inexperienced Princess Kitty Shcherbatskaya: the shy and clumsy provincial landowner Konstantin Levin (his main idea is: “I, most importantly, need to feel that I am not to blame”) and self-confident Petersburg aristocrat, guardsman and rich man Count Alexei Vronsky. Then two pairs of main characters are formed - Anna and Vronsky, Levin and Kitty, and around them, their very different loves and destinies, Tolstoy's moral novel about love is built. In the novel, Anna suffers and dies from a growing sense of guilt and impasse in life because her “illegal” love for Vronsky is sinful. But who, what kind of judgment can pass on her, her sincere feeling, such a cruel sentence? Here the stern moralist Tolstoy is not far from high society, for he judges love and a woman for whom this feeling is the main meaning of life. Anna can be insincere (then she squints), angry, and even boldly plays with her sinful beauty and feminine strength, frankly luring the married Levin in order to somehow avenge Kitty for her former affair with Vronsky. Tolstoy sees her very feminine trait: Anna hates her husband “for the terrible guilt that she was guilty of before him,” and at the same time wants him to stay with her next to her lover. The wise, tolerant Chekhov later repeated the love situation of “Anna Karenina” in the story “Duel” and said something else: a normal woman cannot suffer from sincere strong love in any way and, moreover, does not consider her and herself sinful, she suffers because of her false position in the family and society and insensitivity, disrespect for her beloved man. Family happiness is based on mutual understanding, respect, a sense of responsibility, moreover, it cannot completely fill the life of a man, and a woman too.

5. The image of a literary hero in the cinema

In total, there are about 30 adaptations of Anna Karenina in the world.

Silent movie:

· 1910-- Germany.

· 1911-- Russia. Anna Karenina (director and screenwriter Maurice Meter, Moscow)

· 1914-- Russia. Anna Karenina (director and screenwriter Vladimir Gardin)

· 1915-- USA.

· 1918 - Hungary.

· 1919-- Germany.

· 1927-- ​​USA. Love (directed by Edmund Goulding). Anna Karenina - Greta Garbo

3 sound cinema:

· 1935-- USA. Anna Karenina (directed by Clarence Brown). Anna Karenina - Greta Garbo

· 1937-- Russia. Film-performance (directors Tatyana Lukashevich, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vasily Sakhnovsky)

· 1948 - Great Britain. Anna Karenina (directed by Julien Duvivier). Anna Karenina - Vivien Leigh

· 1953-- USSR. Anna Karenina (directed by Tatyana Lukashevich). Anna Karenina - Alla Tarasova

· 1961 - Great Britain. Anna Karenina (TV). Anna Karenina - Claire Bloom

· 1967-- USSR. Anna Karenina (directed by Alexander Zarkhi). Anna Karenina-- Tatyana Samoilova

· 1974-- USSR. Anna Karenina (film-ballet). Anna Karenina - Maya Plisetskaya

· 1985 - 3rd film adaptation in the USA: Anna Karenina / Anna Karenina, Director: Simon Langton.

1997 - 7th film adaptation in the USA: Anna Karenina / Anna Karenina, Director: Bernard Rose

· 2007 - Russia, director Sergei Solovyov, 5-episode. Tatyana Drubich -- Anna Karenina

6. Personal attitude towards Anna Karenina

Leo Tolstoy is a great master of dramatic prose. His novel Anna Karenina depicts the secular society of the late 19th century with all its problems and shortcomings. The author focuses on family relationships. Two main storylines can be seen in the novel: one of them is connected with the fate of Anna Karenina, the other is connected with the spiritual search and lifestyle of Konstantin Levin. The internal connection of these two lines is a conflict with the hypocritical laws of society, with the unjust structure of the noble "higher world", although they come out of this conflict in different ways: Anna goes to death, Levin finds support in the "people's truth", in the moral worldview of the patriarchal peasantry .

The Karenin family outwardly had a decent appearance. Anna's misfortune consisted in living with an unloved man, to whom she was given in marriage. Therefore, she gives all the power of her love to her son Sergei. It is he who is the meaning of life for her, and not Alexei Aleksandrovich Karenin, who perceived people as his property. Having learned about his wife's connection with Vronsky, Karenin agrees to continue outwardly normal family relations, so as not to damage his reputation. But Anna can't live like that. She is spiritually superior to her man and breaks off relations herself. And here all the negative qualities of Karenin come to the surface - hypocrisy, bitterness, a thirst for revenge.

Nevertheless, during Anna's illness, the writer also discovers other features of Karenin - sympathy, concern for his wife, concern for the child of Vronsky and Anna; he is ready to take on all the troubles associated with the breakup of marriage. But this humanity of Karenin is temporary. He knows that the noble world will not excuse him for breaking the rules and will repay him with contempt for every generous step. Karenin conquers the power of Countess Lidia Ivanovna and other "leaders of public consciousness." Tolstoy always supported the principles of good family relations, a happy family life, and a peaceful childhood. He does not blame Anna because her family was not happy. She did not love her husband, and he generally thought only of himself. Karenin was comforted by the thought that the world was being taken over by his beautiful wife, that his son was growing up. But it was not in his rules to be interested in their life. The demand for a divorce came as a surprise to him, and not a consequence of his attitude towards others. He did not notice anything, because he did not want to see anything. Karenin was guided by the laws of the world, where from the outside everything is decent, and behind the screen - hypocrisy, treason, spiritual emptiness. Anna could not remain in this hostile world for her, so she tried to get Vronsky out of it too. Nevertheless, entertainment in secular circles turned out to be more important for him than his beloved woman. Anna's tragedy lay in her noble character. She believed in the possibility of marriage with the man she loved. This belief became the meaning of her life, but could not change anything. The loss of Vronsky as a spiritually close person, the contemptuous condemnation of the world for her behavior - all this weighed heavily on Anna. And this fragile woman broke down, she could not live like this anymore.

To sing the hymn to a happy family, Tolstoy at the same time did not condemn his heroine. A great humanist, the writer showed an example of an exception to the rule. The tragic death of Anna was caused mainly by the social structure of those times, which did not accept such women into their circles. The theme of human destiny, family relationships and personal happiness has been relevant at all times. That is why Tolstoy's novel "Anna Karenina" is interesting even now. Tolstoy's novel "Anna Karenina" belongs to the best works of the writer.

Hosted on Allbest.ru

Similar Documents

The theme of suicide in Russian pre-revolutionary literature, the work of L.N. Tolstoy. Depiction of patriarchal estate life and customs in the novel "Anna Karenina". Description of Anna Karenina's emotional turmoil, the influence of public pressure on the fate of the heroine.

abstract, added 04/01/2016


Anna Karenina in Tolstoy's novel. The history of Anna Karenina in cinema. First screenings. Russian adaptation of 1967. 1997 American adaptation. Modern perception of "Anna Karenina".

term paper, added 05/01/2003


Brief summary of the plot of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina", the history of the Karenin, Oblonsky and Levin families. Description of the emotional throwing of the main character Anna Karenina. Konstantin Levin as one of the complex and interesting images in the writer's work.

test, added 09/24/2013


Acquaintance with the life and creative ways of Anna Akhmatova. The release of the first book "Evening" and collections "Rosary", "White Flock", "Plantain", lyric-epic "Poem without a Hero". Strengthening the sound of the theme of the Motherland, blood unity in Anna's poetry during the war.

abstract, added 03/18/2010


The image of the literary hero of the novel L.N. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina" by K. Levin as one of the most complex and interesting images in the writer's work. Features of the character of the protagonist. Levin's connection with the name of the writer, the autobiographical origins of the character.

abstract, added 10/10/2011


The history of creation and the meaning of the "Poem without a Hero", features of its composition. The role of the poet of the twentieth century in the work, its characters. Literary traditions and originality of language in "A Poem without a Hero", the most characteristic features of Akhmatova's lyrical manner.

term paper, added 10/03/2012


The development of the image of the hero-foreigner in the work of I.A. Goncharov "Frigate" Pallada "". The antithesis of the images of a native and a foreigner as a means of creating a character in the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". Expansion of the literary horizons of students in literature lessons.

thesis, added 07/23/2017


The essence and history of the development of the concept of "hero" from ancient Greek myths to modern literature. A character as a social image of a person, the differences between this concept and a hero, the procedure and conditions for turning a character into a hero. The structure of a literary character.

abstract, added 09/09/2009


One of the brightest and most talented writers of Russia is L.N. Tolstoy. Deep drama of the fate of Anna Karenina. The life path of Katyusha Maslova. Women's images in the novel "War and Peace". Maria Bolkonskaya. Natasha Rostov. Secular ladies.

abstract, added 04/19/2008


Ideological and artistic features of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina". Artistic analysis of the image of the main character of the novel. Social and moral meaning of the tragedy of Anna Karenina. The desire of the writer to show the family life and social structure of the era.

Anna Karenina is a secular married woman, the mother of an eight-year-old son. Thanks to her husband, she occupies a high position in society. She lives, like everyone else in her circle of friends, an ordinary secular life. It differs from the rest in moral purity, inability to adapt to circumstances, to be hypocritical. She always felt the falsity of the surrounding relations, and this feeling intensifies after meeting Vronsky.

The love of Anna and Vronsky was not happy. Although they turned a blind eye to the secular court, but still something interfered with them, they could not completely immerse themselves in love.

Tolstoy, as a realist and a subtle psychologist, explains the tragic doom of love between Anna and Vronsky not only by external causes - the harmful influence of society, but also by deep internal circumstances that are hidden in the souls of the characters. The writer avoids unambiguous characteristics of the characters.

Anna is a freedom-loving, spiritually gifted, intelligent and strong woman, but there was “something cruel, alien, demonic” in her feelings. For the sake of passion, she forgets about her maternal duty, does not notice the suffering of Karenin. Living with Vronsky, Anna does not understand his desire to have children together, to create a real family. At the end of the work, it is already difficult to recognize her: she does not dissolve with all her heart in her feelings, does not give herself to the man she loves, but, on the contrary, requires only resigned submission and service to herself, although she does not stop loving Vronsky.

Having completed the story about the heroine, Tolstoy did not solve all the exciting questions: who is to blame for her death? What pushed her to commit suicide? Why couldn't Anna be content with her marriage to Karenin and a new family relationship with Vronsky? Why did the woman who valued love above all else end up dying from it? The author does not end the novel with the death of Anna Karenina, he realizes that the tragic end of the heroine's life is the result of a deep breakdown in spiritual values, the moral destruction of civilization.

Anna Karenina Appears in the novel as a fully formed personality. Interpretations of her image in literary criticism most often correlate with one or another understanding of the meaning of the epigraph and change depending on the historically changing attitude to the role of women in family and public life and the moral assessment of the heroine's actions. In modern assessments of the image of the heroine, the traditional folk-moral approach begins to prevail, consistent with Tolstoy's understanding of the moral law, in contrast to the recent unconditional justification of Anna in her right to free love, choice of life path and family destruction.

At the beginning of the novel, Anna is an exemplary mother and wife, a respected society lady, whose life is filled with love for her son and the role of a loving mother exaggeratedly emphasized by her. After meeting with Vronsky, Anna realizes in herself not only a new awakened thirst for life and love, a desire to please, but also a certain power beyond her control, which, regardless of her will, controls her actions, pushing her closer to Vronsky and creating a feeling of being protected by the "impenetrable armor of lies." Kitty Shcherbatskaya, carried away by Vronsky, during the fatal ball for her sees a "devilish gleam" in Anna's eyes and feels in her "something alien, demonic and charming."

Despite the integrity of character, kindness, calmness, courage and real nobility, Vronsky is a shallow person, practically devoid of serious interests and distinguished by typical secular youth ideas about life and relationships with people, when sincere actions and feelings, chastity, the strength of the family hearth, loyalty seem ridiculous and outdated values. The impression of meeting Anna acts on Vronsky like an element, but gradually his feeling turns into love. There is something spontaneous and terrible, independent of reason and will, in Vronsky and for Anna: the first acquaintance during the tragedy on the railway (her image acquires a certain symbolic meaning in the novel as a fatal sign of the times; the motif of death and iron accompanies the storyline of heroes from the moment first meeting), a sudden emergence from darkness and a snowstorm on the way to St. Petersburg, which directly correlates with the ancient mythical ideas about the “devil's wedding” or dance (according to A.N. Afanasyev).

Gradually, Anna, sincere and hating all lies and falsehood, behind whom the reputation of a morally impeccable woman has firmly established herself in the world, herself becomes entangled in a false and false relationship with her husband and the world. Under the influence of the meeting with Vronsky, her relations with everyone around her change dramatically: she cannot tolerate the falsity of secular relations, the falsity of relationships in her family (but the spirit of deceit and lies that exists against her will drags her further and further to the fall. After repeatedly shown by Karenin in relation to her generosity, Anna begins to hate him, painfully feeling her guilt and realizing his moral superiority... She is used to seeing in her husband only a "ministerial machine."

However, the image of Karenin is not so unambiguous. Anna's passion directly affects his life. Karenin was a successful official, constantly rising through the ranks, respected in society for honesty, decency, hard work and justice. As family discord develops and deepens, the hero experiences a real tragedy, mental confusion, either rising to compassion and forgiveness of his wife, or secretly wishing her death. At first, out of habit, he tries to find a reasonable solution to all issues, but gradually becomes ridiculous in the eyes of the world, hesitates in his decisions, loses official prestige, withdraws, gradually loses his will, falling under the influence of others.

The final break with her husband does not bring happiness to Anna herself, who tried to find him in alliance with Vronsky, on a trip to Italy, life in Moscow and on the estate. The new life brings her only humiliation, as during a visit to the theater, and the realization of the depth of her misfortune, primarily from the inability to unite her son and Vronsky. Nothing can change the ambiguity of her social position, the ever-deepening spiritual discord. Constantly feeling her dependence on the will and love of Vronsky, Anna gradually becomes irritable, suspicious, gets used to sedatives with morphine. Gradually, she comes to complete despair, thoughts of death, wishing thereby to punish Vronsky and remain for everyone not guilty, but miserable, and, finally, to suicide. The acquaintance with Vronsky that began on the railway, the love story that develops in parallel with Anna's awareness of her guilt (largely under the influence of nightmares in which she and Vronsky saw a terrible man with iron), death under the wheels of the train closes the symbolic circle of the life of the main character - her the candle goes out.

Without condemning Anna, Tolstoy warns the reader against this, but in assessing her life, behavior, choice, she stands on the traditional deeply moral folk positions, consistent not only with the religious and ethical, but also with the poetic ideas of the people. In the storyline of the heroine, he reveals a coherent and strong subtext that goes back to mythopoetic folk ideas and unequivocally interprets the image of Anna as a sinner, and her life path as the path of sin and death, despite the pity and sympathy that she causes.

The novel opens with a Bible epigraph“Vengeance is mine, and Az will repay.” The quite clear meaning of the biblical saying becomes ambiguous when it is tried to be interpreted in relation to the content of the novel. In this epigraph, the author's condemnation of the heroine and the author's defense of her were seen. The epigraph is also perceived as a reminder to society that it does not have the right to judge a person. Many years later, Tolstoy admitted that he chose this epigraph in order “to express the idea that the bad that a person does has as its consequence everything bitter that comes not from people, but from God and that Anna also experienced Karenina".

This confession of the writer is, in essence, a definition of what the moral law is as the law of retribution to a person for everything he has done. The moral law is the semantic center of the novel, which creates a “labyrinth of links” in the works of Tolstoy, one of Tolstoy’s contemporaries left a record of the writer’s later, but most important judgment: “The most important thing in a work of art is that it should have something like a focus, that is, something that to which all rays converge or from which they emanate. And this focus should be inaccessible to a full explanation in words. That is why a good work of art is important because its main content in its entirety can be expressed only by it. In "War and Peace" Tolstoy defined what "real life" is and what is the meaning of the life of each individual person. The philosophical meaning of "War and Peace" continues and expands in "Anna Karenina" with the idea that people's lives are held together and held together by the fulfillment of the moral law. This idea enriched Tolstoy's new novel, making it not only socio-psychological, but also philosophical. All the characters in the novel "Anna Karenina" are determined by their attitude to understanding and fulfilling the moral law. The same sign determines the leading position of the two main characters.

48. Problems of Leo Tolstoy's novel "Anna Karenina"

By lecture. "Anna Karenina" (1873 - 1877) - a tragic work. There is no longer a bright, harmonious thought.

The novel no longer has harmony and unity. Tolstoy's principle: the inseparability of historical and private life. Tolstoy here explores life.

"Anna Karenina" is the only work in world literature that combines: 1) the inner history of passion and 2) topical issues of social life, economy, science, philosophy, and art. There is a very simple compositional technique here: an open parallelism of storylines: Anna and Levin. Communication is not external, but internal.

There is a continuation of European traditions. This is a purely Russian type of socio-psychological novel. Its source is Pushkin's work (style, language, tone of cold observation, conciseness, psychologism). Psychology is shown through an external gesture, and not through internal monologues.

According to the monograph by M.N. Dunaev "Faith in the crucible of doubt". Novel "Anna Karenina" there is a story about a chain of large and small crimes (not in the criminal sense, of course): about the constant overstepping of a certain line that limits the self-will of a person by the awareness of his responsibility. And the fact that the novel is talking about a crime (crimes) - and an inevitable punishment - and that the crime here is not exposed before human law, but before a higher law that comes from God, is initially indicated by the epigraph "Vengeance is mine, and I will repay" .

The author divides the characters primarily in relation to family thoughts. The family is the touchstone on which almost everyone is tested, including the peripheral actors in Anna Karenina. Two oppositely different types of attitude towards the family are symbolized by the characters and worldview of Alexei Vronsky and Konstantin Levin.

Tolstoy now carries out the main opposition of different types of understanding of life according to the predominance in them of either reason or hearts. However a heart in Tolstoy's artistic perception is associated not with spiritual, but mainly (though not exclusively) with the emotional experiences of his characters - even when they live in a sense of their connection with God. They experience this connection eudaemonically rather than in the fullness of faith. Tolstoy reflects the inner world of a person at the level of an emotional state, inheriting the type of perception of the "inner man" from sentimentalism (in which Rousseau's artistic worldview found an exact match).

Mind Tolstoy's heroes are usually aimed at finding and justifying pleasures, not necessarily of a sensual nature, but also rational, intellectual, but also enjoying adherence to form. Such is the mind of Stiva, but such is the mind of Karenin. Especially peculiar is Karenin, a hedonist of the rational form in which he clothes life. Karenin abides in the cold purity of the rational sphere of being, while almost all the others who fill secular society with themselves obscure their minds, justifying their own sinfulness, that is, hypocrisy. But Aleksey Alexandrovich is not able to resist this society.

Tolstoy traces the movement of sinful striving in Anna's soul, and the psychological analysis of the inner state of the heroine strikingly coincides with the patristic teaching on the development of sin in man.

We are watching and adjective, initial perception of external temptation, then combination thoughts with an adjective, then Attention, transition into the power of temptation, then pleasure, inner feeling of the charm of sinful action, then wish, turning into sin.

The author conveys this state developing in her as a kind of internal, but bursting out - with a gleam in her eyes, a smile - fire, a flame that delivers torment and pleasure at the same time, and flares up more and more and burns and destroys. Sometimes this is indicated only by light, but also by sharp strokes.

Simultaneously with the fall of Anna, an ascent to the acquisition of truth takes place - the painful ascent of Konstantin Levin. The paths of Anna and Levin lie in non-coinciding planes, and only once they were destined to intersect, closing the vault erected by the author, with which he blocked the entire novel space. Anna and Levin met - and it was as if for a moment that disastrous abyss opened up that could swallow a person who was climbing up and constantly stumbling and falling off. Levin himself felt that he could break loose, carried away by the charm (both in the worldly and in the spiritual sense) that he felt in Anna. The strength of her temptation was too great. Levin walked along the very edge of the abyss, but did not fall. He was still too directed upwards, and this saved him.

Levin lives for a long time in the dream of happiness, not trying to overcome the temptation of the profane eudaimonic ideal. True, he understands happiness differently from others: he sees happiness in uncomplicated family well-being.

Levin is a man "from the earth", he is close to the peasant's understanding of life, and it is not for nothing that he recognizes himself as part of the people. In the city he is a stranger, there he is overcome by "confusion of concepts, dissatisfaction with himself, shame in front of something", but as soon as he finds himself in his native element again, "little by little the confusion is cleared up and shame and dissatisfaction with oneself pass." That's what saves him from falling.

True, direct natural he still does not have a sense of life in purity, civilization could not but hurt him, dooming him to many internal torments.

Is this why Levin suddenly loses the feeling of happiness in marriage? Of course, the reason for this is partly the discrepancy between real family life and his fictional ideal, but this is something common. But since for his inner state he himself, as the subject of love, is more important than the object of this love, then energy of happiness he may have had as his source before his own emotional experiences, and not the presence of a loved one, but his own inner reserve suddenly turns out to be exhausted, and instead of happiness, family life brings him completely different feelings.

It can be said, using the apostolic truth, that Levin's love for a long time looking for his- and because at some point it exhausts itself. Therefore, when everything is getting better in his family and nothing interferes with the complete enjoyment of happiness, Levin enters a state of despair and is close to suicide (and this is a biographical fact from the life of Leo Tolstoy himself, Levy, what was his wife's name).

Rejecting the limitations of the mind, Levin comes to the conclusion that he knew and before: it is bad to live for the sake of treasures on earth- to live for treasures of heaven. The soul is by nature a Christian, and what was put into it prevented us from understanding the mind. Now, having freed himself from his oppression and obeyed his heart, Levin acquires a true knowledge of God.

And Lewin finally rejects reason as a means of knowing the Truth - and affirms the necessity of faith for this. Faith he knew from childhood

Levin comes to the idea, so simple and so complex, that life is impossible without God. This truth has been discovered for a long time, it is known to all generations of people who lived on earth, but each person must in the sweat of your face get and get for yourself this truth. Levin did just that.

49. The path of searching for Konstantin Levin. The novel "Anna Karenina" and its time (70s of the century)

One of the heroes of Leo Tolstoy's novel "Anna Karenina" Konstantin Levin appeared as a new image in Russian and world literature. This is not an image of a “small”, not an “extra” person. For all his warehouse, the content of universal human issues that torment him, the integrity of nature, his characteristic desire to translate an idea into action, Konstantin Levin is a thinker-doer. He is called to passionate, energetic social activity, he strives to transform life on the basis of active love, general and personal happiness for all people,

The image is partly written off from Tolstoy himself (as evidenced by the surname Levin - from Leva, Leo): the hero thinks, feels, speaks directly on behalf of the writer. Levin is a whole, active, ebullient nature. He only accepts the present. His purpose in life is to live and do, and not just to be present in life. The hero passionately loves life, and this means for him to passionately create life.

Levin and Anna are the only ones in the novel who are called to real life. Like Anna, Levin could say that love means too much to him, much more than others can understand. For him, as for Anna, all life should become love.

The beginning of Levin's quest can probably be considered his meeting with Oblonsky. Despite the fact that they are friends and like each other, at first glance you can see their inner disunity. The character of Stiva is dual, because he divides his life into two parts - “for himself” and “for society”. Levin, with his integrity and fierce enthusiasm, seems to him an eccentric.

It is this fragmentation, the fragmentation of the life of modern society that compels Konstantin Levin to look for some kind of common cause that unites everyone. The meaning of the family for Levin is directly related to the main theme of the novel - the unity and separation of people. The family for Levin is the deepest, highest unity that is possible between people. It is in order to start a family that he appears in an alien urban world, but receives a severe blow. The one he chose, on which his fate depends, is taken from him, stolen by an alien world. Precisely stolen - after all, for Vronsky, Kitty, who has not yet understood herself and her love, is just a girl whom he has turned her head.

Not knowing how to replace the lost, Konstantin Levin returns home, hoping to find peace and protection from the world there. But this dream of “our own world” soon collapses. Levin tries to throw himself into work, but to no avail, it does not give him pleasure.

Gradually, he again returns to thoughts about the common cause. Now, thinking specifically about the personal and common good, he begins to understand that the common cause is made up of the personal affairs of each. Working with men in the field helps to understand this. Here he discovers the connection between labor and humanity, labor and love.

For the further development of this discovery, Konstantin Levin's meetings with some people are of significance. First, this is a meeting with an old peasant, in a conversation with whom Levina clarifies for herself the topic of independent work and the family.

Later, Sviyazhsky talks about the unproductivity of hired labor, about the peasant and landlord economy in general. Sviyazhsky explains to Levin the advantages of the capitalist economy. Under the influence of all this, Levin soon comes to the idea of ​​organizing an agricultural artel on terms of mutual benefit. This is how Levin's new thesis appears - the stimulus of personal happiness as the main engine of human actions, combined with the dream of the triumph of the common, now, in the thought of an artel, acquires a new quality: remaining himself, that is, striving for personal happiness, he at the same time begins to strive to the common happiness, common interests. This is the crown of all Levin's searches on the paths of concrete social thinking, social decisions. This is the apogee of his spiritual development.

Now his dream is to turn the life of mankind around! Following his dream, which soon collapses, he wants to create a universal artel. Reality proves that a common cause is impossible in a divided society.

The hero contemplates suicide. But love comes to the rescue. Kitty and Levin are back together, and life takes on new meaning for both of them. He recognizes his idea of ​​an artel as untenable and is happy only with love. But then Levin realizes that he cannot live only with the happiness of love, only with his family, without connection with the whole world, without a common idea, thoughts of suicide return to him again. And save him only turning to God, and reconciliation, as a result of this with the world.

Rejecting all the foundations of reality, cursing it and finally reconciling with it is an example of a deep contradiction in the life and character of one of the most interesting heroes of Leo Tolstoy - Konstantin Levin.

Similar information.

A stable system of mental qualities is called character. These qualities determine the basic style of human behavior and determine its features of interaction with society. The manifestation of a person's character lies in his judgments and actions.
To a greater extent, the character of a person is influenced by the society in which he grows and develops. Life situations change the facets of character, and sometimes affect psychological attitudes. The personality of the protagonist of Leo Tolstoy's novel "Anna Karenina" is very interesting to study from the point of view of clinical psychology.
The behavior of the heroine cannot be called unambiguous. It extends to the difference between truth and preposition. Although the heroine does not hide all the facts of her life, all this is a lie from the first to the last point - a lie generated by the laziness of the mind and the poverty of the people around her.
The portrait of Anna Karenina is composed as a story about one of the charming female images of Russian literature. Her clear mind, pure heart, kindness and truthfulness attract the sympathy of the best people in the novel.
In order to make a psychological picture of the life of A. Karenina, it is necessary to analyze a completely clear causal relationship between her actions and the actions of her husband.
To describe the psychological portrait of Karenina, it is necessary to determine the type of her personality. The most suitable for her is the type of "introvert". All people belonging to this type pay attention mainly to their inner world and to relationships between people.
Throughout the novel, Anna does nothing but do one stupid thing after another. But she is constantly justifying herself and blaming others, like a person who denies the opinions and advice of others. Karenina's consciousness throughout the novel begins to split in two, which indicates a deviation in psychological consciousness.
The dual nature of Anna shines through already in the role that she plays when she first appears in her brother’s house, when, with her tact and feminine wisdom, she restores peace in him and at the same time, like an evil seductress, breaks the romantic love of a young girl.
It is important to note that psychological duality occurs at the moment when Anna, having reconciled the quarreling spouses with such wisdom and tact, simultaneously brings evil, subduing Vronsky and destroying his engagement to Kitty. In the life of Karenina, a psychological break occurs, and a reassessment of important points.
After the ongoing murder of servants, Anna seriously thinks about the meaning of life, she seeks understanding in every person, but cannot find a response in the eyes of loved ones.
To see “beauty” in suicide, and “an insignificant event” in another person’s suicide attempt, this question is of interest to Karenina.
Karenina understands that the main truth of her life is that she never loved anyone. No Vronsky, no son, no husband, no daughter. She is generally deprived of this feeling - she does not know how to love, and moreover, she does not want to love. And love, directed not at her, is completely annoying.
She cannot calmly observe her, she infuriates her, she turns her back on her.
The beauty of Karenina - openly contrasted with the ugliness of Dolly - draws great attention in the novel, and this is not accidental. Her beauty was a lure and a trap at the same time, hiding under her an insatiable, evil, arrogant manipulator, obsessed with self-pity, a demon of superiority and a thirst for unconditional power over the victim.
Interest introverts to the subject differs in depth. People of this type, like Karenina, tend to create and remake objects, educating them.
Actually, superiority over everyone and unconditional power over the victim - this is Karenina's only life goal. This is all that interests her and what she truly strives for.
Of course, such a goal gives rise to such actions, and they, in turn, need to be justified - and here self-pity becomes Karenina's assistant ...............

List of used literature
1. Ananiev BG Man as a subject of knowledge. - L., 2014 - 205 p.
2. Vasilyuk F. E. Psychotechnics of experience. - M., 2011. - 801 p.
3. Clinical psychology / Ed. B.D. Karvasarsky. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2012. - 169p.
4. Sokolova E.T., Nikolaeva V.V. Personality features in borderline disorders and somatic diseases. M., 2015. - 272 p.
5. Tolstoy L. N. "Anna Karenina", Moscow: Prosv. 2011 - 361 p.
6. The novel "Anna Karenina" [Electronic resource] - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina

Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy is one of the most outstanding Russian writers. He wrote the novels "Anna Karenina", "War and Peace", "Resurrection", autobiographical works "Childhood", "Adolescence", "Youth", "Confession", the novels "Death of Ivan Ilyich", "Kreutzer Sonata", "Cossacks ”, dramas“ Living Corpse ”,“ The Power of Darkness ”. Lev Nikolayevich's books are screened all over the world. With his creative activity, Tolstoy gave birth to an original philosophical trend, the basic principles of which were discovered by him in his constant attempts to introspect and project his own ethical system onto the outside world. Thanks to this, the books gained fame during the life of the author. The relevance of the problems raised by Lev Nikolaevich prove the immortality of his works.

“A perfect work of art will be only one in which the content is significant and new, and its expression is completely beautiful, and the artist’s attitude to the subject is completely sincere and therefore completely truthful. Such works have always been and will be rare.

Truth without hiding

L. N. Tolstoy was born into a noble family in 1828. He was born in Yasnaya Polyana (Tula province) and became the fourth child in the family. After 2 years, his mother died, and after another 7 years, his father died. The children were taken in by an aunt. Study Tolstoy was given with difficulty, and often he received low marks. Unfortunately, Lev Nikolaevich never managed to graduate from the university. He was seriously fond of music and spent a lot of time at the piano. He learned the works of great composers such as Schumann, Chopin, Mendelssohn, Bach, Mozart. In addition, he liked to express his thoughts on paper, and he kept a personal diary. Subsequently, this passion led to the creation of great novels.

Lev Nikolaevich served in the army as a cadet and participated in the Crimean War. In those years, he wrote a story called "Childhood", which was published in the Sovremennik magazine. In 1860, the writer began working on his first known novel, War and Peace. And 13 years later, he began to create a second, no less famous novel, Anna Karenina.

When writing the novel "Anna Karenina", Lev Nikolaevich invested a lot of personal things in the relationship between Levin and Kitty, Konstantin's courtship of his beloved girl resembles the writer's courtship of his wife.

V. Ya. Lakshin wrote about Lev Nikolaevich: “The first thing Tolstoy learned (or was able from birth?) Is to tell himself the truth without hiding. He pursues in himself every shade of falsehood, every hint of insincerity, because without this condition - frankness with oneself - there is nothing to even think about becoming better.

Many of the writer's heroes are endowed with useful and important human qualities that allow them to work on their character and become better.

In the footsteps of the heroes of the book "Anna Karenina"

Anna Karenina is the main character of the great writer's novel of the same name. The storyline of the work begins with the fact that Anna comes to her sister and intends to reconcile her with her husband, who cheated. At the station, Anna meets a charming young man named Vronsky, and this meeting radically changes her life.

At the beginning of the work, a terrible event is described: in front of Anna, the caretaker dies under the wheels of the train. Often such fatal events sink deep into the soul of a person, and then they can often be regarded as signs of fate. Anna was no exception.

"A bad omen," she said.

Such "signs" can strongly influence the further behavior of people. Many people take this kind of event to heart. They keep them in memory, unwittingly, mentally return to them and remember them again and again.

Such a mental attitude can lead to trouble. It is wiser to focus attention on the positive aspects and try not to attach importance to the bad events that occur in life. But the main character was too sensitive and emotional to avoid gloomy thoughts after what she saw.

Fate once again confronts Anna with Vronsky, this time at a ball. And the young man, having fallen in love with her without memory, decides to follow the heroine, wherever she goes. Anna likes Vronsky, she likes his appearance, she is attracted by his inner world. The gentleman is several years younger than her, his attention flatters the main character. A woman does not repel him, despite the fact that she is married. Why is this happening? The fact is that Anna is completely unhappy in marriage. And if a person does not feel satisfaction from his life, then sometimes he is ready to grab any opportunity that can give hope for happiness.

Anna makes an attempt to return to her husband, tries to find something native in him, but his every action and every word only irritates the woman. They have a common son Serezha, but even for his sake Anna is not ready to delete Vronsky from her life. She assures herself that this person will be able to give her happiness.

Is Anna doing the right thing? She has a family. Alexei Karenin is devotedly faithful to her. Although outwardly he looks somewhat callous, in fact, he incredibly loves his wife. For her and her son, he does everything he can. But this is not enough for Anna, she wants something completely different. A woman lacks feelings, love passion, adventure. Alexei lives according to a clear plan, without showing unnecessary emotions. Anna, on the other hand, wants to feel the taste of life to the fullest, and therefore decides to have an affair with Vronsky. Thus, she hurts not only her husband, but also her beloved son. In this act, the selfishness of the main character is clearly manifested. She thinks exclusively about her desires and needs, forgetting about her relatives who have always been there.

A year later, Anna decides to confess to her husband that she is unfaithful to him. She hopes that her husband will file for divorce and let her go. But he does not agree, Karenin is ready to turn a blind eye to treason and offers to hide her romance from the world, otherwise the woman will no longer be able to communicate with her son.

The husband's proposal surprises Anna greatly. After all, betrayal is a betrayal and, having learned about it, in most cases, a person will feel anger, resentment, disappointment, despair, annoyance. Treason can cross out the fragile trust that binds two people. And without it, marriage will be just one name: when they are happy in public, but in their souls they are alien to each other. However, Alexey loves Anna very much and believes that he made the right decision. In the depths of his soul, he hopes that his wife will come to her senses and return, that their marriage can still be saved. Such thinking is characteristic of people who love with all their hearts and are ready to fight for their love. Everyone wants to believe in the best and sometimes people turn a blind eye to the most obvious things.

Anna is angry. Probably, her ego is not able to accept the fact that everything around is not going at all the way she wanted it to. But still, the main character agrees to her husband's proposal. Under her heart, she already carries a child from Vronsky, and her husband promises to accept him as his own.

What does Vronsky feel? He loves Anna, but marrying her will bring him too many difficulties. He will have to give up his former life, and he will be forced to retire. And he loves regimental life and does not want to say goodbye to it. Therefore, Vronsky, like Anna, silently accepts Alexei's decision. However, he continues to visit her. The life of young people is again filled with lies and deceit.

Can a person be happy if he feels remorse? If he hides from the world and constantly deceives his surroundings? What did Anna experience during meetings with her lover? After all, her happiness was overshadowed by the bitterness of the upcoming separation and constant lies.

Anna's second birth is difficult, and she almost dies. The main character is sure that her torment will soon end. A woman asks for forgiveness from her husband. Now it seems to her that he is a wonderful person. Karenin takes care of her and takes care of the newborn baby. But Anna understands that she is not worthy of such an attitude. After all, she did a lot of bad things. But she drives Vronsky away from herself, it is unpleasant for her to see the face of her tempter. Anna is sure that it was he who became the culprit of cardinal changes in her life.

The main character feels that she will die soon. For the first time, she begins to see events from the outside, and not through the prism of her own "I". Alexei now appears before her in a different light. He seems to her almost a holy man who took her back after a terrible deception. The woman calls him to the bed and says:

“I'm still the same ... But there is another in me, I'm afraid of her - she fell in love with that one, and I wanted to hate you and could not forget about the one that was before. But not me. Now I'm real, I'm all. I'm dying now... I need one thing: forgive me, forgive me completely! I'm terrible... I know this is unforgivable!... You're too good!" .

Anna finds peace of mind for the first time. She is happy that the end of the torment is near.

Before death, many people begin to scroll through their lives in their heads, remembering life situations and committed actions. And finally, they realize the most important thing: where they acted badly, and where they did it worthy. Repentance rolls with incredible force, and they are grateful for the enlightenment that comes in their soul.

Anna felt it too. But fate had other plans, and the woman does not die. She recovers and begins to hate her husband again. Anna is no longer touched by his actions. She collects her things and leaves with Vronsky on a journey.

For the first time ever, the main character finally felt boundless happiness. "... The misfortune of her husband gave her too much happiness to repent." However, her lover begins to yearn for his former life. He tries to do everything so that Anna does not worry, but he himself loses interest in a new and so alien life for him.

The woman notices that she is not accepted in society. She is very worried and takes out her anger on her lover. Anna begins to accuse Vronsky of being separated from her son. She does not try to hear and understand her beloved. Karenina, as is her nature, lives only with her feelings and emotions.

“Live alone,” said the wise man. This means that decide the issue of your life with yourself, with the God who lives in you, and not on the advice or judgments of other people.

Anna is not used to solving problems. It seems to her that everything should be exactly the way she wants it. The main character does not see that she is making mistakes. And therefore not ready to pay for them. Anna is used to blaming only others for all the difficulties and troubles. She does not think at all that other people also have feelings.

Anna believes that no one loves her and can no longer make her happy. But herself, does she love someone? The woman left her home, hurt her husband, abandoned her beloved son and newborn daughter. All the while they were suffering, the main character experienced great happiness next to Vronsky. She was not worried about the feelings of loved ones, she thought only of herself.

As soon as the first problems in relations with Vronsky appeared, Anna again gave up and felt unhappy. She did not try to save their union, to figure out how they should live on. The main character despaired, blaming Vronsky alone for all her troubles.

The environment does not accept Anna. She feels lonely and unnecessary, it is very difficult for her. The husband refuses to file for divorce, believing that it is a sin. And Vronsky cannot take Anna as his wife.

They often quarrel, the situation of the couple becomes more and more complicated every day. Anna sees that she is a burden to her beloved and does not know what to do. Meanwhile, Vronsky decides to visit his mother. Anna follows him, hoping to make peace. But when she gets to the train station, she realizes what she is destined to do and throws herself under the train.

"There! - she said to herself, looking into the shadow of the car, at the sand mixed with coal, with which the sleepers were covered, - there, in the very middle, and I will punish him and get rid of everyone and myself.

All problems disappear under the wheels of an aspiring train. Anna wanted to be happy for a long time. She did not want to fight for her "calling" marriage and did not try to save her relationship with Vronsky. The problems were too pressing on her, and Anna did not want to solve them.

If a woman is happy with Vronsky, then why don't those around her understand this? Why does her husband not agree to a divorce? Why doesn't society accept them? Isn't love the most important thing in life?

Vronsky takes the news of his suicide very hard. He believes that he is to blame for everything, repents and decides to leave as a volunteer for the war.

Anna, throwing herself under the wheels of the train, deliberately punished Vronsky. She did not think about what would become of him after her death and what would be his fate. Probably, when a person commits suicide, by doing so he "kills" his loved ones. This was the case with Anna as well. Vronsky's life became so hard that he went to seek death in the war.

The book "Anna Karenina" deals with several stories in parallel. If the reader does not become close and understandable to the main character, then he will certainly sympathize with the modest and pure soul Levin, who is in love with the wonderful girl Kitty.

“... But what always, like a surprise, struck in her was the expression of her eyes, meek, calm and truthful, and especially her smile, which always carried Levin into a magical world, where he felt touched and softened, as he could remember himself in the rare days of his early childhood.

But due to her youth and stupidity, Kitty rejects his proposal to marry him. Levin is hurt by the refusal, so he leaves for the village.

Physical pain is treated with medicines, but there is no cure for mental pain. Levin is constantly working and does not allow himself any luxury at all. However, he cannot forget Kitty. She sunk too deep into his soul. Fate again pushes the heroes in a few years. They are both happy, it is easy for them to communicate, they understand each other perfectly. And now, finally, they decide to get married.

L. N. Tolstoy clearly shows an example of bright, mutual and sincere love, describing the relationship between Levin and Kitty. Their words are honest, and their actions are approved by readers. Such heroes are always empathized and rejoice when they find happiness.

Levin and Kitty are also going through difficult times: the death of a loved one, a difficult birth. Konstantin is visited by thoughts of suicide, but he understands that this is not an option. Only he himself, by his actions, can fill the life of his family with happiness. And for this you need to try, you need to work on this.

Konstantin Levin is a positive hero, he is an example to follow. It teaches the reader to think about the important. The endless question: "What am I living for?" can lead to discouragement. But there is no definite answer to it. Reflections on this topic evoke sadness and despair. A person can give up and mistakenly come to the conclusion that there is absolutely nothing worthwhile in his life.

The text is cut off due to the maximum character size in the post. See the continuation on the website.