What is the difficulty? Why is the theme so simple, but so many mistakes? Because, starting to learn English, not everyone restructures their thinking, but continues to think in Russian. Verb "be" is present in Russian, but ... we miss it when we build a sentence in the present tense. In the past, the verb "to be" had many forms in the present tense: be, be, eat, essence etc. But in modern Russian only "is" is preserved: I am, he is, we are etc. But no one says that, "is" remains "in the mind"! Therefore, it seems very strange to us that this very "is" should be inserted in English.
In English the verb to be has three present tense forms: am, is, are.
If you are talking about yourself I), then use the verb am:
I am a teacher. - I (am) a teacher.
I'm happy. - I (are) happy.
If you are talking about he(is he), she(she), or it(it), use the form is:
He is a doctor. - He (is) a doctor.
She is beautiful. - She (is) beautiful.
It is my dog. - This is (is) my dog
If you are talking about we(we), you(you you), they(they), then use the form are:
We are friends. - We (are) friends.
You are hungry. - You (eat) hungry.
They are my parents. They (are) my parents..
Many textbooks say that the verb to be not translated into Russian. Agree that the word "is" looks rather strange in our example sentences, but if you want to speak English, you will have to think in this way, especially in the initial stages of learning. To be can be translated with verbs "to be", "to be", "to exist", although this gives the statement some formal coloring, you can also put a dash.
Another observation from practice that needs to be paid attention to. Sometimes the three forms are forgotten and said like this: I be a teacher. It's something like: I be a teacher. Of course, you should get rid of such a mistake if you notice it in your speech.
To use the verb to be correctly, you need to remember the main cases of its use. As to be acts primarily as a linking verb, its main function is to link parts of a sentence.
1. The verb to be connects a noun (pronoun) and an adjective.
Since to be is indispensable in descriptions, characterizing or describing something with the help of adjectives, do not forget to link words with a linking verb:
I am fine. - I (are) fine.
My son (he) is happy. - My son (is) happy.
The children (they) are healthy. - Children (are) healthy.
This book (it) is interesting. - It's an interesting book.
Please note that if the subject in the sentence is a noun, then in order to choose the correct form of the verb to be, you should replace the noun with the corresponding pronoun: son-he; children- they; book- it.
2. The verb to be is used when they want to say who or what the subject of discussion is.
In other words, answering questions like: Who is it? What is it?, use in your answer to be. Also, to be is required if you introduce yourself or represent someone else:
I am your teacher. - I'm your teacher.
She is my sister Mary. This is my sister Mary.
They are my colleagues. - They are my colleagues.
3. The verb to be is used when talking about professions.
Mary is a writer. Mary is a writer.
John is a businessman. - John is a businessman.
My friends are engineers. - My friends are engineers.
If you are talking about someone's profession, then the verb to be can be translated as "to be", but such a translation is not always appropriate.
4. To be is used when talking about nationalities.
Not without reason, many English textbooks begin with the study of the names of countries and nationalities, thus it is very convenient to practice the use of the verb to be:
I am American. - I am American.
Anna is Russian. - Anna is Russian.
Max is Canadian. - Max is Canadian.
My partners are Chinese. - My partners are Chinese.
You will find detailed information about nationalities in English.
5. To be is used when talking about age.
A common mistake is to use the verb have in this case. Although some languages use have when talking about age, in English always use to be in the correct form:
I am thirty (years old). - I'm thirty years old.
My sister is twenty-five (years old). - My sister is twenty-five years old.
The students are eighteen (years old). - Students are eighteen years old.
6. The verb to be should be used when you are talking about the location of something.
Verbs "locate", "locate" may be used if the content of the proposal allows:
I am in the kitchen. - I'm in the kitchen.
We are at home. - We're home.
Her bag is on the table. - Her bag is on the table.
The cat is in the box. - A cat in a box.
London is in Great Britain. - London is located in the UK.
7. To be (or rather, its forms is and are) - this is an important part of the turnover there is / there are.
We will not talk about this turnover here, because we have already published detailed material on this topic. You can read more about the there is / there are turnover, but first we recommend that you read this article so as not to get confused.
Hello my dear.
Today I hasten to help you in the fight against a frequent guest of the English sentence: the verb to be. Don't be afraid, it's not as scary as it seems. Therefore, we arm ourselves with knowledge and practice ahead, because you have a minimum of theory and a maximum of practice ahead of you.
Then I officially start a lesson called: verb to be - exercises for children.
A little rule
Verb to be translated means "to be". And it is used in almost EVERY sentence of the English language. How? - you ask. - What about the sentences "I'm beautiful", "I'm a schoolboy", "Are you at home?", "I'm in class"? The answer is simple: in English, this verb is helped by 3 little friends, who, in Russian, simply remain invisible. These are verbs am, is, are.
The use of the verbs am, is, are can be remembered using the example of your family. If we are talking about ourselves, then we use the form am . If a sister, brother, or even a cat lives with you, then you can talk about each of them is . But we need to talk about parents together are .
See:
Exercises
Let's practice the verb forms. If your child has gone to grade 1, then the most important thing for him now is to remember which form is used with which pronoun.
Exercise 1:
Insert the correct form of the verb to be: am, is, are.
1. I _____ a girl.
2. He ____ my brother.
3. She ____ my sister.
4. I____ from London.
5. He____ 17 years old.
6. She ___ a student.
7. They____ our parents.
8. We____ a family.
9. It ____ our dog.
10. You____ our friend.
Once in the 2nd grade, his vocabulary will be much larger and he can already put the forms of verbs without the presence of explicit pronouns.
Exercise 2:
My name (1) ____ Kate Rusak. I (2) ___ 12 years old and I (3) ____a student. My family (4) ____ from Moscow. My address (5) ____ Pushkina str., 9. My telephone number (6) ____ 345 78 54. I have a sister and a brother. Their names (7) ____ Pasha and Valya. Pasha (8) ____ 17 years old. He (9) ____ a sportsman. His team (10) ____ the winner of the local championship. Valya (11) ____ 7 years old. Her school (12) ____ not far from our home.
Our parents (13) ____ busy. My mother (14) ____ a doctor and my father (15) ____ a lawyer. We (16) ___ a very happy family. We spend every weekend together.
If your child has already gone to grade 3, then he simply needs to understand how the negative form of verbs is formed. Here's how it goes:
Let's practice.
Exercise 3:
Write a sentence with abbreviated and negative forms of verbs.
1. We are a big family.
2. He is a good student.
3. He is a swimmer.
4. My parents are doctors, and my aunt is a teacher.
5. You are a nice person.
6. It is a beautiful picture. We are happy to have it.
7. I am good at writing, and my sister is good at drawing.
8. She is a singer. Her song is very beautiful.
9. It is cold today. We are going to school on the bus.
10. They are very happy. They have a big family.
Exercise 4:
Choose the correct option. Translate into Russian.
1. They aren't/aren't doctors. They are/is teachers.
2. I am/is a student. I go to school by bus. The bus stop is/are not far from our home.
3. I am/is sure that you are/are wrong. They are not/is not liars.
4. She are/is proud of you. You is/are a worker.
5. It is/am getting cold. You sweater are/is in your backpack.
Well, if your child is already quite an adult and went to the 4th grade, and even better to the 5th grade, then feel free to give it to him collection of English grammar exercises for children . I'm sure he'll be fine with it. And I have another exercise for you.
Exercise 5:
Translate the text into English.
My name is Kirill. I am 10 years old and I am a student. I'm in 4th grade. I have a big family. My mother is a doctor. She is in the hospital now. My dad is not a doctor. My dad is an athlete. He is in training now. I have 2 grandmothers and 2 grandfathers. They are in the village now. We live in Moscow. Our address: st. Kostroma, 18, apt. 76. Our phone number is 8 800 342 23 76. I have a sister. Her name is Marina. She is 15 years old. She is also a schoolgirl. She loves to read and draw. Her paintings are very beautiful.
We have many animals at home. This is our cat. Her name is Valya. This is our parrot. His name is Kesha. This is our dog. Her name is Barney.
We are all a big and friendly family.
Goodbye.
Remember what is the key to successful learning? To have an interest. It doesn't matter if you are looking for exercises for beginners or already for professionals, or for adults - make it interesting. Practice, look for interesting exercises, look for interesting forms and methods of teaching, and then this process will become easy and fun.
One of these auxiliary, exciting and at the same time very effective teaching methods is online service lingualeo(read more about it in) . I can say that everything is thought out there so that the child himself will be drawn to knowledge of English. Try it and see for yourself. Registration and a huge amount of materials are free.
And if you do not understand something, then ask your questions in the comments! I will gladly help you on this path of learning English.
Answers.
Exercise 1:
1. I am a girl.
2. He is my brother.
3. She is my sister.
4. I am from London.
5. He is 17 years old.
6. She is a student.
7. They are our parents.
8. We are a family.
9. It is our dog.
10. You are our friend.Exercise 2:
My name (1) is Kate Rusak. I (2) am 12 years old and I (3) am a student. My family (4) is from Moscow. My address (5) is Pushkina str., 9. My telephone number (6) is 345 78 54. I have a sister and a brother. Their names (7) are Pasha and Valya. Pasha (8) is 17 years old. He (9) is a sportsman. His team (10) is the winner of the local championship. Valya (11) is 7 years old. Her school (12) is not far from our home.
Our parents (13) are busy. My mother (14) is a doctor and my father (15) is a lawyer. We (16) are a very happy family. We spend every weekend together.Exercise 3:
1. We are a big family. - We're a big family. - We are not (aren't) a big family.
2. He is a good student. - He's a good student. - He is not (isn't) a good student.
3. He is a swimmer. - He's a good swimmer. - He is nor (isn't) a swimmer.
4. My parents are doctors, and my aunt is a teacher. - My parents are doctors, and my aunt's a teacher. - My parents are not (aren't) doctors, and my aunt is not (isn't) a teacher.
5. You are a nice person. - You're a very nice person. - You are not (aren't) a very nice person.
6. It is a beautiful picture. We are happy to have it. - It's a beautiful picture. We're happy to have it. - It is not (isn't) a beautiful picture. We are not (aren't) happy to have it.
7. I am good at writing, and my sister is good at drawing. - I'm good at writing, and my sister's good at drawing. - I am not good at writing, and my sister is not (isn't) good at drawing
8. She is a singer. Her song is very beautiful. - She's a singer. Her song's very beautiful. - She is not (isn't) a singer. Her song is not (isn't) very beautiful.
9. It is cold today. We are going to school on the bus. - It's cold today. We're going to school on the bus. - It is not (isn't) cold today. We are not (aren't) going to school on the bus.
10. They are very happy. They have a big family. - They're very happy. They have a big family. - They are not (aren't) very happy. They don't have a big family.Exercise 4:
1. They aren't doctors. They are teachers.
2. I am a student. I go to school by bus. The bus stop is not far from our home.
3. I am sure that you are wrong. They are not liars.
4. She is proud of you. You are a worker.
5. It is getting cold. You sweater is in your backpack.Exercise 5:
My name is Kirill. I am 10 years old and I am a pupil. I am in the 4th form. I have a big family. My mother is a doctor. She is at the hospital now. My father is not a doctor. My father is a sportsman. He is at the training now. I have 2 grandmothers and 2 grandfathers. They are in the village. We live in Moscow. Our address is: Kostromskaya str, 18, ap. 76. Our telephone number is 8 800 342 23 76.
I have a sister. Her name is Marina. She is 15. She is a pupil too. She likes to read and to draw. Her pictures are very beautiful.
We have a lot of animals at home. It is our cat. Her name is Valya, It is our parrot. His name is Kesha. It is our dog. His name is Barni.
We are a big and friendly family.
In combinations like "A is B", such combinations are found everywhere in any language. For example:
I am human.
My neighbor is a cook.
The dog is a pet.
As you can see, in Russian we do not insert the verb “to be” or “to be” (in the present tense), but it seems to be implied:
I there is Human.
My neighbour is an cook.
Dog is an pets.
However, in Russian we insert "to be" in the past and future tenses:
House was cozy.
Holiday will chic.
By the way, in the old days there was a form of the verb "to be" and for the present tense, remember the famous "Az am king" - "I am the king."
Linking verb in English to be used in the present, past and future tenses.
To be is the only verb that changes according to faces.
This verb does not seem to be taken from the English language, it changes in a completely atypical way for English. In English, verbs do not change by person (with the exception of the 3rd person singular form, which is formed in the same way for all verbs, adding -s at the end). The verb to be is the only one that has special forms in different persons and numbers. Fortunately, these forms are few.
All times to be
Verb to be in present tense
In present time 3 forms: am, is, are.
Note: some forms are abbreviated in colloquial speech, for example: I am - I'm. Abbreviations are given in brackets.
I am a doctor - I am a doctor,
We are colleagues - we are colleagues,
You are my friend - you are my friend,
He (she) is the president - he (she) is the president,
It is your job is your job
They are our children - they are our children.
Most of the table was occupied by "are" - easy to remember.
Verb to be in past tense
Past tense It’s even easier to remember, there are only 2 forms: was- singular, were- plural (you - is considered plural in terms of grammar, even when it is in the meaning of the singular). Abbreviations are not used in the past tense.
I was your teacher - I was your teacher,
We were soldiers - we were soldiers,
You were my classmate - you were my classmate,
She was your nanny - she was your nanny,
They were friends - they were friends.
Verb to be in future tense
In the future tense still simpler - an auxiliary verb + a single form of "be". "Will" itself does not translate in any way, it serves as an indicator of the future tense.
I will be patient - I will be patient.
You will be happy - you will be happy.
Mark will be busy tomorrow - Mark will be busy tomorrow.
Negative and interrogative form with to be
Negatives with to be are built according to a simple pattern, in the present and past tense after to be put a negative particle not, in future not placed between will and be (will not be).
In a negative form, you can also abbreviate, for example: I'm not ..., we're not.
Note: negations with are, you, can be abbreviated in two ways:
Both methods are equivalent in meaning, both are used in oral speech (they are not typical for written abbreviation), but the first one is usually used, because it is easier to pronounce and it is more understandable for the interlocutor, in it not sounds clearer.
| Singular | Plural | |
| present tense | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 person | I am not | We are not |
| 2 person | You are not | You are not |
| 3 person | He (she, it) is not | They are not |
| Past tense | ||
| 1 person | I was not | We were not |
| 2 person | You were not | You were not |
| 3 person | He (she, it) was not | They were not |
| Future tense | ||
| 1 person | I will not be | We will not be |
| 2 person | You will not be | You will not be |
| 3 person | He (she, it) will not be | They will not be |
To form an interrogative form, rearrange to b e at the beginning of a phrase (don't forget the question intonation and the question mark).
| Singular | Plural | |
| present tense | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 person | Am I...? | Are we..? |
| 2 person | Are you..? | Are you..? |
| 3 person | Is he (she, it) ..? | Are they..? |
| Past tense | ||
| 1 person | was I..? | Were we..? |
| 2 person | Were you..? | Were you..? |
| 3 person | was he (she, it) ..? | Were they..? |
| Future tense | ||
| 1 person | Will I be ..? | Will we be ..? |
| 2 person | Will you be ..? | Will you be ..? |
| 3 person | Will he (she, it) be ..? | Will they be ..? |
How to learn the conjugation of the verb to be forever
The verb to be is the main hinge in the mechanisms of English grammar. This is the most common word in the English language (not counting "the", which is difficult to call a separate word). Getting ahead in grammar without knowing to be is like learning math without knowing the multiplication table well. It is necessary not only to learn it, but to bring the use to automatism, so that you do not think about which form to choose am or are, was or were.
Here's how you can do it:
1. Conjugate all three tables in your mind to remember them well.
Start with the present tense - the most difficult (although there are only 3 forms). Conjugate aloud in order: I am, you are, he is, we are, you are, they are. In order not to get confused in faces, point your finger at yourself, at an imaginary interlocutor (you can put a cat next to you), at “them”, at “us”, and so on. Do the same with the past tense and the future. With the future, I'm sure you can handle it on the first try - there is only one form.
2. Make up short phrases with the verb to be and practice with them.
Make up different phrases for all persons, numbers, tenses. Make cards with these phrases and learn them not only in order, but also randomly - mixing tenses, faces, numbers. Your task is to see a phrase in Russian and immediately remember it in English. “Right away” means instantly, without hesitation. To do this, run cards with a stopwatch, trying to set a speed record (read more about this method of working with cards).
3. Learn to be in affirmative, negative and interrogative forms.
When you remember the affirmative form well, go through the negative and interrogative forms. You shouldn't have any problems building these forms.
4. Exercise regularly until it "bounces off the teeth."
Even if you learn the forms of the verb to be perfectly, they need to be repeated, otherwise they will be forgotten. Repeat the exercise with cards from time to time, checking if the words have been forgotten, conjugate to be in your mind when you have a minute. Repetition is the key to strong memory. If you devote only 10-15 minutes a day to repetition, then in a week you will remember very well. Studying further (and generally using English), you will use this “hinge” very often, so you won’t be able to forget it.
Cards for memorizing the verb to be
It is best if you make the cards yourself by substituting the words of your choice, but you can use these as well. The cards are divided into three groups: to be in the affirmative, interrogative, negative form. Don't forget that Quizlet has
To be or not to be? That is not the question... The sea deity Proteus among the ancient Greeks could (like the sea) take any form. Why are we?
Moreover, the verb “to be” is known in the world not only as the most vital and always relevant, but also as the most changeable (protean) in the English language, constantly changing and taking on different forms, sometimes not so noticeable to us.
Considering that it's used so often in English speech, it's rather unfortunate that "to be" has to be the most volatile and slippery verb in the language. Let's get to know him better. C "mon!
What is the verb to be and why is it needed
The verb To Be (am, is, are) is the basis of English grammar. If you misunderstood or under-learned this material, then your entire study of English is likely to be of little success. Therefore, if you feel that somewhere there is a gap in this material, then it is better to stay longer on this article.
It is this verb that underlies the construction of approximately 30 percent of all English grammatical structures, and it is with it that you should start studying English grammar.
For example, to say “I am a student”, we must insert the correct form of the linking verb “to be” and the sentence will take on the meaning “I am a student." - "I (am) a student."
We must carefully choose the correct form of the verb for the object, depending on whether it is singular or plural. This is usually easy. After all, we wouldn’t write: “The troops were moving to the border” - “The troops were moving to the border.” Well, where does it fit?
However, some proposals require closer attention. How would you write, for example:
The majority of Facebook users are (or is?) upset about the increase in spam.
Most Facebook users are frustrated by the increase in spam.
In fact, in this sentence, everything depends on your accent - if it is focused on users- put " are", if on group of people— « is».
Plural or singular depends on your choice. If you are at a loss on what exactly to focus on, then choose what sounds best to you. It is unlikely that your chosen form of "to be" will upset someone.
By the way, "majority" is only used with countable nouns: "he ate the majority of cookies", but not "he ate the majority of the pie". instead say: "he ate most of the pie."
Translation into Russian of the verb To Be
“To be” is translated as “to be”, “to be”, “to exist”, “to be” or not translated at all, and can be in Present (am, is, are), Past (was, were) and Future (will ( be)/shall (be)) times. The form of the verb depends on who is performing the action.
Unlike the Russian language, in English the linking verb is never omitted, due to the strictly fixed word order:
Rule To Be: subject ( subject) + predicate ( verb) + complement ( object).
- As independent verb(to be, to be, to exist or not translated):
I am at home.
I am at home.
She was at the Institute yesterday.
She was at the institute yesterday.
Not is in New York.
He (is) in New York.
- AT interrogative form of the verb "to be" is put before subject and does not require an auxiliary verb to form an interrogative or negative form. The same thing happens in the continuative (durative) form of the verb (Continuous).
Is he in New York?
Is he (is) in New York?
was she at the Institute yesterday?
Was she at the institute yesterday?
- negative form is formed by negating " not", which is set after the verb "to be".
She was not (wasn't) at the Institute yesterday.
She was not at the institute yesterday.
Not is not (isn't) in New York.
He is not (located) in New York.
In colloquial speech, "not" usually merges with "to be", forming abbreviations:
is not = isn't
are not = aren't
The verb "to be" is also shortened from personal pronoun:
I am = I "m
We are = we're
He is = he's
- As auxiliary verb.
Used to form verb forms of continuous tenses ( continuous) and continuous perfect tenses ( Perfect continuous).
They are reading a book.
They are reading a book.
He is sleeping now.
He is sleeping now.
We have been working here for 10 years.
We've been here for (already) 10 years.
Auxiliary Verbs, by the way , can also be combined with the basic "to be" form to form simple answers:
Is Jack in class this morning?
Well, he might be.
Is anyone helping Jack with his homework?
I "m not sure. Jane could be.
Also "to be" is used to form the passive voice ( passive Voice):
Active: Didn't buy a new magazine.
He bought a new magazine.
passive: A new magazine was bought.
Bought a new magazine.
- As verb-bundles(to be, to be).
I am a doctor.
I am a doctor.
Not is a doctor.
He's a doctor.
Her new hat is red. Her new hat is red.
- In the design " there is/there are"(to be, to be).
There is a table in the room.
There is a table in the room.
In this proposal " there' is the formal subject. The real subject is the noun that follows the verb "be" (is), i.e. "table".
If this subject is in the plural, then the verb "to be" must also be in the plural.
There are tables in the room.
There are tables in the room.
At time change the form of the verb changes to be»:
There was a table in the room.
There was a table in the room.
There were tables in the room.
There were tables in the room.
The translation of sentences with the construction "there is / there are" begins with the translation circumstances places.
negative the form:
There is no table in the room. (There isn't a table...).
In the room there is no (no) table.
There is no water in the bottle. (There isn't any water in the bottle.)
In a bottle no water.
Interrogative form:
Is there a man in the house?
In home have a man?
Are there(any) apples in the greengrocers?
In vegetable store have apples?
- "To be" often works in conjunction with others verbs:
He is playing the piano
She will be arriving this afternoon.
- And sometimes "to be" will stand myself on yourself. Especially in simple answers to equally simple questions:
Who's going to the movies with me tonight?
I am.
Who's responsible for this mess?
She is.
present:
I am to (not to) / We are to (not to) / You are to (not to);
He/she/it is to (not to) / They are to (not to).
Past:
I was to (not to) / We were to (not to) / You were to (not to) You were to (not to);
He/she/it was to (not to) / They were to (not to).
- to be ( present) is used only with Indefinite Infinitive(indefinite infinitive).
They are to be here.
They must be here.
- "to be" ( Past) is used with Indefinite Infinitive(indefinite infinitive) and with Perfect Infinitive(perfect infinitive), which means that the action is not performed:
She was(suggested) to be in the cinema.
She should have been in the movies.
- The modal verb "to be" can be used to express responsibilities, which is based on previous agreements (plan, schedule etc.)
We are to go to the cinema.
We must go to the cinema.
- We also use this modal verb to express orders or instructions:
You are to go to school.
You need to go to school.
- We use "to be" if something categorically forbidden in negative form.
Children are not allowed drink alcohol.
Children are not allowed to drink alcohol.
- "To be" is used for the imperative advice or wishes:
You are to drive straight.
Drive straight ahead.
- "To be", in the passive voice (built with the infinitive "to be") and Past Participle— 3 irregular verb form or adding the ending "- ed» to the correct one), describes possibility:
She was not to be heard.
It was impossible to hear her.
You were to be heard very good at the concert.
You were very well heard at the concert.
Conclusion
We have considered all the main important nuances of this tricky verb. For the last time, we draw your attention to the fact that when you say a phrase and doubt whether it is necessary to put the verb be there, you can always check yourself by asking questions to the sentence: am who / what, is where, is what?
If in translation the words “is, is, is” give the sentence a logical meaning, then in English such a sentence will be correct.
We hope this article helped you deal with the verb to be, which is simple at first glance. Cheers!
Big and friendly family EnglishDom
FOREWORD
Despite the large number of existing grammatical reference books, the compilers of this publication had a need to create grammatical comments that include material in the amount necessary for students of a technical university.
As you know, grammar is the basis of any language. Therefore, in order to master the skills of oral and written speech, translation skills, students need to study the grammatical structure of the English language.
This publication complements the "Collection of exercises for self-study of the main sections of grammar for students of technical specialties of full-time education." The grammar material is given in the same order as the exercises in the collection. Therefore, students should first carefully study the theoretical material (tables, exceptions, notes), analyze these examples and then proceed to the exercises.
Grammar comments include the main phenomena found in colloquial speech, in technical texts and documents: the article, the verb tobe, tohave, the construction thereis(are), plural formation, possessive case, pronouns, numerals, prepositions, active voice tenses. This is the material recommended for students of the 1st course of a technical university. For more effective assimilation, most of the material is presented in tables, which allows you to systematize the material and presents it in a more accessible form. The material is arranged in such a way that students studying English have a complete understanding of the features of the grammatical structure of the language and the elements of its components. This manual can be used by students both in class and independently when doing homework and preparing for tests.
The verb "to be"
IN THE PRESENT INDEFINITETENSE (PRESENTINDEFINITETENSE)
Personal pronouns (personal pronouns)
Compare: My mother is a doctor. my mother is a doctor.
She is- a good doctor. She is a good doctor.
to me- 17 years. I am seventeen.
He has an aptitude for English. He is good at English.
He (is) at the institute now. He is at the institute now.
The verb tobe is used as a linking verb meaning to be, to be, and a semantic verb meaning to be, to be. In the present tense, the verb tobe is often not translated into Russian. In Present Indefinite, the verb tobe has the forms am, is, are, depending on the form of the subject (person and number).
Learn the person conjugation of the verb tobe and its use in sentences (negative and interrogative).
The verb "to be". Personal pronouns.
|
Singular |
Plural |
|
|
I- I am |
We- we are |
|
|
You- you are |
You- you are |
|
|
He- is he She- she is is It- he she it (inanimate kind) |
They- they are |
Affirmativethe form (+)
I am(I'm) a student are(we're)
You are(you're) a student are(you're) students
He is(he's) a student are(they're)
She is(she's) a student
It is(it's) a desk
negativethe form (-)
I am not(I'm not) a pupil We aren't(we're not)
You aren't(you're not) a pupil aren't(you're not) pupils
He isn't(he's not) a pupil They aren't(they're not)
She isn't(she's not) a pupil
It isn't(it's not) a school
Interrogative form (General question-Generalquestion) (?) short answers
Am I….?
Are you…..? Yes, I am. (No, I am not)
Is she…..? Yes, she is. (No, she isn't)
Are you…. ?
they….? Yes, they are. (No, they aren't)
Alternativequestion(Alternative question) (“or”?)
Are you a student or a pupil? Are you student or student?
Is your father a doctor or an engineer? your father is a doctor or engineer?
Is it a keyboard or amouse? This is a keyboard or mouse?
Separated question ("tail” question) (+,-? -,+?)
You are 17, aren't you? You are 17 years old notSowhether?
She isn't your sister is she? She is not your sister is not it?
But I'm late , aren't I? - Am I late anyway?
I'mclever aren't’ tI? - Aren't I smart?
Specialquestions(Special questions) (wh-questions)
What is your name (surname)? (What's your name?) - My name is ...
How old are you? - I'm 18.
What is your job (profession)? (What's your job?) - I'm a student.
Where are you from? - I'm from ....
(What country are you from?)
What is your address / phone number / hobby? - My address is...
What is it (this)? - It's a book.
What book is it? (on title) - It's "Harry Porter"
What kind of book is it? (about quality) - It's fantasy.
What are these? - These are trousers.
What color are they? - They are blue.
Where are they? - They are in the wardrobe.
