Novosibirsk region

area in the West.-Siberian econ. district, pl. 178.2 thousand km²; founded in 1937, adm. city ​​center Novosibirsk . B.ch. lies within the steppe Baraba low. with a flat-undulating relief, birch pegs, pine forests and numerous drainless lakes (the largest Chany and Ubinskoe). Swampy in the north Vasyugan Plain , with aspen-birch and southern taiga forests. Forests cover 24.5% of the area. areas. Spurs enter V. Salair Ridge (up to 493 m high). Main r. Ob on which it was created Novosibirsk Reservoir. , the territory is also drained by the tributaries of the Ob and Irtysh ( Om , Tara, etc.). Part of the rivers (Kargat, Karasuk ) refers to the drainless region. The climate is continental, average. temperatures in January from -16 to -20 °С, in July 18–20 °С.
Population 2962 thousand people. (2002), density 16.6 people per 1 km², urban 73.8%. In the XV-XVI centuries. tribes of Siberian Tatars settled along the banks of the Ob. At the end of the XVI century. Yu Zap. Siberia became part of Russia, after which it began to be mastered by Russian settlers. Russians 92%, Germans 2.2%, Ukrainians 1.8%, Tatars 1% (1989). B. h. of the population is concentrated in adm. the center and the districts adjacent to it with the East ( Iskitim , Berdsk and other cities), as well as along the Trans-Siberian railway. d. ( Tatarsk , Barabinsk , Kuibyshev ). The industry specializes in science-intensive production (aircraft and machine tool building, radio electronics and electrical engineering), processing of raw materials, production of food products and consumer goods. In Novosibirsk and its environs there are a number of scientific centers of all-Russian importance. But. - one of the largest suppliers of agricultural products in Siberia - grain, potatoes, vegetables, milk, butter, meat and poultry. Feed and tech. crops (flax, sunflower). Transit railway lines pass through the region. d. Trans-Siberian Railway and Yuzhsib. Judgment on the Ob; The road network is well developed in the steppe regions and in the eastern region. Intern. the airport. The resort of Karachi on the lake of the same name in the western region.

Dictionary of modern geographical names. - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria. Under the general editorship of Acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. 2006 .

Novosibirsk region of Russia (cm. Russia) is located in the geographical center of the Russian Federation, in the southeastern part of Western Siberia. The area of ​​the region is 178 thousand square meters. km, population - 2734 thousand people, 74% of the population lives in cities (2001). The region includes 30 districts, 14 cities, 18 urban-type settlements. The administrative center is the city of Novosibirsk, the major cities are: Berdsk, Iskitim, Kuibyshev, Barabinsk. The region was formed on September 28, 1937 and is part of the Siberian Federal District.
The Novosibirsk region borders in the southwest on Kazakhstan, in the west - on Omsk (cm. Omsk region), in the north - from Tomsk (cm. Tomsk region), in the east - from Kemerovo (cm. Kemerovo region) regions, in the south - with the Altai Territory (cm. Altai region). Most of the territory is located on the West Siberian Plain; the east of the region is occupied by the Salair Ridge. The left bank, most of it, is located on the vast plain of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve (Vasyugan plain, Baraba and Kulunda lowlands). Heights range from 100 to 200 m above sea level, and on the Priobsky plateau - up to 300 m. river valleys, ravines; from the southeast adjoins the Salair ridge with heights of foothills up to 500 m. The main river - the Ob - flows within the boundaries of the region for 400 km. On the Ob in 1956, the Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station was built. There are about 230 rivers in the Ob basin (Inya, Berd, Shegarka, Baksa), in the Irtysh river basin - up to 85 rivers (Om, Tara, Tartas).
All rivers are covered with ice in winter, some freeze to the bottom. There are about three thousand lakes on the territory of the region. The largest among them: (Chany, Sartlan, Ubinskoye). The region has significant reserves of groundwater, fresh and mineralized.
The climate is continental. Average January temperatures are -18 °С, July +19 °С. Winters are severe and long with stable snow cover. Summer is hot, lasting from 90-100 days in the north to 120-130 days in the south. The warmest month is July. Precipitation falls 300-500 mm per year. The vegetation is diverse and has a pronounced zonality of distribution. Forests occupy 26%, swamps - 17% of the total area. Among the most common species are fir, spruce, pine, cedar with an admixture of birch, aspen and occasionally larch. On the Baraba lowland, birch-aspen groves predominate. About 400 species of plants grow on the territory of the region, used in folk medicine and in the food industry. 19 species of plants, such as adonis, hawthorn, St. John's wort, viburnum, wild rose, are raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry. The animal world is diverse. In the north, the forest areas are inhabited by bear, reindeer, elk, lynx, roe deer, wolverine, otter, river beaver. The basis of the fur trade is squirrel, weasel, ermine. Of the birds - capercaillie, hazel grouse. The forest-steppe zone is inhabited by: a wolf, a corsac fox, an ermine, a weasel, a jerboa, a hare, a hare; in the lakes of Baraba - muskrat, water rat.
Among the leading branches of the regional industry: mechanical engineering (instrument-making) and metalworking, electric power, radio electronics, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical, light, forestry and woodworking industries. The largest enterprises: Tyazhstankogidropress, Stankosib, the Siblitmash plant (machine tool building), the aviation association named after V.P. devices, electrovacuum, radio components, capacitor, Vostok, Novosibirsk Tin Plant, Novosibirsk Electrode Plant. Production of building materials (Chernorechensk plants of cement and asbestos-cement products). Light industry: clothing, cotton - Novosibirsk Cotton Mill, knitwear - "Siberia", leather and footwear. Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station. The main types of agricultural products: grain, potatoes, vegetables, flax, milk, eggs, wool, meat of cattle, pigs, poultry.
In the 16th century, the development of Western Siberia by Russian explorers began. In 1581-1584, Yermak defeated Khan Kuchum, and in 1598, the voivode Voeikov completely destroyed the remnants of the Kuchum army. As a result, the local population accepted Russian citizenship. But only in the middle of the 17th century on the territory of the present Novosibirsk region did the first Russian prisons (Urtamsky, Umrevinsky) appear, and Russian settlers began to settle near them. Approximately in 1644, the village of Maslyanino appeared on the banks of the Berdi. After almost three quarters of a century, the Berdsky prison was founded, and then the Chaussky prison. Around 1710, the village of Krivoshchekovskaya was founded, a few years later Ust-Tarksky, Kainsky, Ubinsky and Kargatsky fortified points appeared. The first Russian villages were founded on the banks of the rivers Oyash, Chaus, Inya. Ostrogs, outposts and settlements formed around them became the basis of the first cities of the Ob region: Kainsk (now Kuibyshev) and Kolyvan (now Berdsk).
The construction of the Siberian tract in 1733-1735 contributed to the settlement of the Baraba Plain. In the 1820s, state peasants were granted the right to resettle from land-poor provinces to Siberia. The influx of immigrants increased after the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway and, especially, during the period of the Stolypin reform. In 1893, a place was chosen for the bridge of the main line across the Ob, next to it, the village of Aleksandrovsky arose, soon renamed Novonikolaevsky. In 1903, the village received the status of a city without a county, in 1926 it was renamed Novosibirsk. As a result of administrative and territorial transformations, the territory of the region was alternately part of the Tomsk Governorate (until 1921), Novonikolaev Governorate (1921-1925), Siberian Territory (1925-1930), West Siberian Territory (1930-1937). In 1937, the Novosibirsk region was formed. During the war years, many enterprises from the center of Russia were evacuated in the Ob region.
The main recreation area of ​​the Novosibirsk region is the Novosibirsk reservoir (the swimming season here lasts most of the summer - 60 days). Motor ship routes along the Ob to Tobolsk and Salekhard will attract fans of water tourism. A popular area for amateur tourism is the Salair Ridge. It is interesting to visit Akademgorodok, which is located near Novosibirsk. There are many historical and architectural monuments in the region. Of particular value are the monuments of wooden architecture of Siberia, preserved in Novosibirsk and Kuibyshev.

The resort "Lake Karachi" is located in the Chanovsky district of the region, between the lakes Yarkul and Uzunkul. The main wealth of the resort is the bitter-salty lake Karachi. The first spa was opened in 1889. In 1958, in addition to healing mud and brine, a mineral spring was discovered here. Mineral water is mined from a kilometer deep, it is called "Karachinskaya with swans". In terms of composition, Karachinskaya is close to Essentuki-4.

Encyclopedia of Tourism Cyril and Methodius. 2008 .

See what the "Novosibirsk region" is in other dictionaries:

Novosibirsk region. 1. Omsk region 2. - Kemerovo region Novosibirsk region, located in the southeast of Western Siberia. Included in the West Siberian economic region. The area is 178.2 thousand km2. Population 2748.6 thousand people (1996) ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

NOVOSIBIRSK REGION, subject of the Russian Federation; located in the southeast of Western Siberia. Included in the West Siberian economic region. Pl. 178.2 thousand km2. Population 2749.3 thousand people. (1998). Center of Novosibirsk. Dr. large cities ... ... Russian history

In Russian federation. 178.2 thousand km². The population is 2803 thousand people (1993), urban 74%. 14 cities, 19 urban-type settlements (1993). Center Novosibirsk. Most of the territory is located on the West Siberian Plain; in the east... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Coordinates: 55°27′ s. sh. 79°33′ E  / 55.45° N sh. 79.55° E etc. ... Wikipedia

As part of the RSFSR. Formed on September 28, 1937. Area 178.2 thousand km2, population 2522 thousand people. (1973). It is divided into 30 districts, has 14 cities, 15 urban-type settlements. Center of Novosibirsk. Twice awarded the Order of Lenin on January 8 ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Russian Federation Federal Districts: Far East Privolzhsky North Western North … Accounting Encyclopedia

In Russian federation. 178.2 thousand km2. Population 2749.3 thousand people (1998), urban 73.9%. 14 cities, 18 urban-type settlements. Center Novosibirsk. Most of the territory is located on the West Siberian Plain; in the east Salairsky ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

The city of Novosibirsk, the capital of the Novosibirsk region, has raised many questions from members of our community. People argued to the point of calloused fingers about the materials presented in the articles: nonsense, the author has never been in the city, a custom article. I would like to assure you in advance that no one orders articles from us. Everything is written at the initiative of the author's group of the project, and according to the vector of community development. And the fact that the opinions of the editors sometimes do not coincide with the opinions of readers is nothing surprising, because we are all different people, and, as you know, there is no ultimate truth.

General information and history of the Novosibirsk region

And we will go with you for a walk along the tram rails
Let's sit on the pipes at the beginning of the ring road
Our warm wind will be black smoke from the factory chimney
The guiding star will be the yellow plate of the traffic light
A well-known poet in narrow circles,
singer and musician Yanka Dyagileva about Novosibirsk

The Novosibirsk region, headed by the glorious city of Novosibirsk, is one of the leading regions of the Russian Federation in many respects. A little more than a century ago, on the site of the Siberian metropolis, there was the village of Novonikolaevka, and now there is a metro, kilometers of stone jungle and many hours of traffic jams. Perhaps, Novosibirsk is one of the most rapidly developing cities in Russia, which has confidently survived the collapse of the Soviet Union and is striving with all its might to keep up with Moscow, St. Petersburg and Krasnodar.

Panorama of Novosibirsk. Photo by Vladimir (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/vladimirjdanov)

In general, the Russians began to populate the territory of the modern Novosibirsk region quite late. The indigenous population of these places are the Siberian Tatars, of whom there are quite a few left now. The first Russian villages began to appear only at the beginning of the 18th century, and they were very small. At the same time, the industrialist Demidov began to build his copper smelters in these places, but this was not enough for the full development of the region.

The railroad gave impetus to the development of the village of Novonikolaevka. The Trans-Siberian Railway was supposed to cross the Ob in some place and they chose this particular village. So Novonikolaevka with ten thousand inhabitants became a major transport hub. Subsequently, additional railway lines were built from here, to the south - to the Altai Territory, and to the north - to Tomsk.

Even Novosibirsk, no matter how blasphemous it may sound, was rendered a great service by the Great Patriotic War. During the hostilities, factories, research institutes, and educational institutions were evacuated here. For 4 years, the population of Novosibirsk has doubled due to visitors. Moreover, these visitors were not like today's immigrants from Central Asia - people of science, culture, intelligentsia, engineers. Thus, we can conclude that there are almost no real Siberians in Novosibirsk, only immigrants from central Russia during the collectivization and the Great Patriotic War.

All these people made Novosibirsk the way we used to see it. In 2007, the city ranked second in the ranking of the most work-friendly cities. Since then, Novosibirsk has periodically won something, either the title of “The most comfortable city in Russia”, or some other title.

Clever Novosibirsk people built the subway, the longest metro bridge in the world across the longest river in the world, Akademgorodok.

Akademgorodok is the main and, perhaps, the only real attraction of Novosibirsk. City within a city. The number of wise men and smart women per square kilometer here simply rolls over, and squirrels accustomed to people run around the streets. Akademgorodok is definitely worth seeing. Here you want to walk, think, talk and argue. In our age of social networks, jabers and other useless inventions, it seems that Akademgorodok has descended from the pages of the novels of the Strugatsky brothers (for sure, young readers have now climbed into Yandex, and mature ones smirked rather). Still, in the middle of Siberia suddenly there is a city of scientists. There is even such a joke: “Novosibirsk Academgorodok is the cutting edge of Soviet science! ... There is simply nowhere else to go ...”.

Technopark building in Academgorodok. Photo by dveros (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/dveros/)

Since physicists are creative people, Akademgorodok has acquired thousands of legends during its existence. Decide for yourself whether this is true or not. For example, there is an opinion that near the shopping center of the Upper Zone, under the fountain, there is a ballistic missile. Or, the main street of the Upper Zone of Akademgorodok, Morskoy Prospekt, is built in such a way that, in the event of a nuclear strike, its force is extinguished and radiation is released into the Ob Sea.

There are many other fantastic tales, but it is better to hear them in the town itself from its inhabitants. If you are in Novosibirsk, be sure to come to the Academ.

Finishing the story about the distinctive features of the Novosibirsk region, one cannot fail to mention the Ob Sea. In truth, only those who have not seen the real sea can call it a sea. The Ob reservoir became a side effect of the activities of the Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station and, concurrently, the main hotbed of opisthorchiasis in the region.

Bank of the Ob reservoir. Photo by W-Elenga (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/w-elenga)

Geographical position

The Novosibirsk region stretches from west to east for 642 km, and from north to south - for 444 km. The region is located in the southeast of the West Siberian Plain. In the south-west, the Novosibirsk region borders on Kazakhstan, in the north - on the Tomsk region, in the east - on the Kemerovo region, in the south - on the Altai Territory, in the west - on the Omsk region.

The main water artery of the region is the Ob River. In addition, there are more than 3 thousand lakes in the region. In the north of the region, the world's largest Vasyugan swamps begin.

Population

Unfortunately, not only academicians live in Novosibirsk, there are also outright rednecks. No one measured the percentage of one to the other. In total, 2731176 people live in the region. Of these, 77.26% are city dwellers. 93% of Novosibirsk are Russian. The rest of the nations are poorly represented, no more than 2% of the total number of inhabitants.

Crime

Do not forget that Novosibirsk is the third most populated city in the country, and where there are people, there are scammers. In general, the crime situation in Novosibirsk is normal. There are organized crime groups, of course, but they are engaged in serious business, and an inexperienced eye will not distinguish them from serious businessmen. And so, in the city you can run into a gop-stop, the wheels can be unscrewed at night, nothing outstanding.

Unemployment rate

There is work in Novosibirsk, and they pay well for it. No wonder young people from Kemerovo, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Barnaul come to the capital of Siberia. There's plenty to do here, and you'll get paid for it. Moreover, the humanities, and techies, and people without education will be able to find work. The average salary in the Novosibirsk region is 25,000 rubles (please don’t be indignant in the comments, we didn’t come up with this figure).

Real estate value

The trouble of all megacities, expensive housing, did not bypass Novosibirsk. The price per square meter here is approaching 60,000 rubles. Of course, in one-room apartments, square meters are more expensive, and in three-four-room apartments a little cheaper. For a one-room apartment in a good area, you will have to pay about half a million rubles.

Climate

The climate in the Novosibirsk region is continental. Winters are cold here and summers are hot. The average temperature in January is -20 °C, and in July - +20 °C. The climate of Novosibirsk is milder than most Siberian regions. If it were not for the gas content of the city atmosphere, one could live and rejoice.

Cities of the Novosibirsk region

The capital of Siberia, and the most outrageous (after Yekaterinburg, probably) city beyond the Urals. A real metropolis, second only to St. Petersburg and the Mother See in terms of population. Here you can stand in traffic jams for three hours, chitin in countless cafes and ride the subway. Just Moscow in miniature, the only thing missing is the mausoleum. A great option for moving from backward Siberian villages and small towns that are breathing heavily.

Berdsk is three times older than Novosibirsk. When the capital of Siberia was still Novonikolaevka, carriages of merchants were already driving along it. To some extent, Berdsk is a resort town. It is located on the shores of the Ob Sea in a green zone. Many Novosibirsk people like to relax here, and on Friday evening, rather big traffic jams line up on the Novosibirsk-Berdsk highway. In total, there are a little more than a hundred thousand Berdsk residents in the world. It is possible that over time, when Novosibirsk absorbs Berdsk, Berdsk residents will remain only in the annals of history.

The Novosibirsk region is an amazing, wonderful, very beautiful and picturesque region. These are the famous Baraba steppes, the endless taiga, the beautiful river Ob, one of the largest lakes in the country - Chany, and many other beautiful lakes, expanses of grain fields meandering among numerous rivers.

The Novosibirsk region is wonderful, beautiful boundless distances, these are towns, villages, cities ...

Salair Ridge

The Salair Ridge is one of the most beautiful places in the Novosibirsk region. These are ancient, destroyed low mountains, which first rose in a folded area 400 million years ago. Salair is located on the border between Altai, the West Siberian Plain and the Kuznetsk Alatau. The nature of Salair is like a beautiful fairy tale, especially in winter, when slender firs and aspens are covered with sparkling snow.

The area of ​​the Salair Ridge is very rich in minerals. In the vicinity of the village of Peteni there is a marble quarry. Salair is also known for its loose gold. Almost all rivers of the Salair Ridge are gold-bearing. For a long time, the inhabitants of these places were engaged in prospecting. The historical center of gold mining on Salair was the village of Yegoryevskiy, at present, gold mining is carried out on the picturesque Suenga River and its tributaries.

Barsukovskaya cave

In 2000, the Barsukovskaya cave was declared a natural monument of the Novosibirsk region, which is located in the Maslyaninsky district on an area of ​​37 hectares. The cave begins with an oval narrow entrance and continues with a rather narrow corridor, along which you can only crawl. The main course gradually decreases and at a depth of 16 m goes to two branches. A damp grotto begins to the right of the fork, and to the left is the largest grotto of the cave, which reaches a height of about 5 m and a length of up to 8 m. It is believed that the cave passages descend below the level of the Dill River.

In the Barsukovskaya cave there are many narrow passages, cracks, niches that are inaccessible to humans, and it is in these secluded places that bats live. In summer, the cave is uninhabited, but in winter, five species of bats can be found in it: the pond bat, the water bat, the great tube-nosed bat, Brandt's bat, and individuals of the brown long-eared bat. All these species of bats are listed in the Red Book.

Belovsky waterfall

Belovsky waterfall is one of the most beautiful and picturesque places in the Novosibirsk region. It is located near the village of Belovo, Iskitimsky District, Novosibirsk Territory. The waterfall is unique in that it is located on a plain, and not in a mountainous area. In the place of its beginning there is a deep and clear lake. Previously, there was a coal quarry here, but it could not withstand the onslaught of groundwater and the workers left the pit, leaving a dam there. However, a stream of water broke through the stone and broke free.

Belovsky waterfall attracts a large number of tourists - this is a great place to relax. Many vacationers often call the waterfall a natural hydro massager, because all the muscles of the body are massaged under a powerful stream of water.

Church in the name of St. Seraphim of Sarov

The church is located 18 km from the city of Bolotnoye, Novosibirsk Region, in the village of Turnevo. This is the only wooden church of the early 20th century that has been preserved in the Novosibirsk region. In addition, this is the most beautiful and significant wooden building of religious significance not only in the region, but throughout Siberia. The height of the building itself is 29 m, and the bell tower of the church can be seen even before the entrance to Turnev.

At the moment, despite the emergency condition, the church continues to impress with its beauty and majesty. There are still crosses on the seven onion domes, and some icons and church utensils have been preserved.

holy key

It is located 500 km east of the village of Lozhok, Novosibirsk Region. It is claimed that the source scored in the 1940s. at the place of execution of the prisoners of Siblag, among them were the clergy. The water in the holy spring is pure and crystal clear. A beautiful little wooden chapel was built above the spring.

The holy key has been a famous and visited place for many years, pilgrims often gather here. Tourists from distant corners of the region come here, as well as bishops of Tomsk, Novosibirsk, the Moscow region and Moscow to honor the memory of those who died during military repressions. This place is rightly called the hallmark of the Novosibirsk region.

Berd rocks

The rocks are located on the Berd River near the village of Novosedovo. From the top of the cliff, there is a beautiful view of the winding valley, forests, rocky mountains and rivers. Here you can feel the real mountainous area, the beauty of this place is breathtaking. Tourists who have visited the Berdsky rocks say that this is the most beautiful place in the Novosibirsk region.

The picturesque rocks are composed of various igneous rocks, mainly diabases, but in some places there are small kurums (talus of large stones). The mountainous slopes of the valley and the area above it are covered with mixed forests with a predominance of birch and pine. Also, bird cherry, tree-like caragana, various types of willow and aspen grow here.

The Novosibirsk region is a popular holiday destination among tourists. Here you can find all the information about the Novosibirsk region: photos, weather, interesting places and facts.

The Novosibirsk region is the central part of Russia, is part of the Siberian Federal District and the largest region of the Russian Federation, was formed in 1937. The Novosibirsk region is a canvas woven with distances and expanses, settlements, villages and cities.
The population of the NSO is 2662.3 thousand people.
Area: 177,756 square kilometers.

Novosibirsk region has everything you need for a comfortable and diverse holiday: the majestic Ob and the Ob Sea (Novosibirsk Reservoir, the length of which is over 230 km), mysterious hills and mountains that are spurs of the Salair Ridge. Rest in the Novosibirsk region in 2014 will be a real discovery for all vacationers! This discovery will be stunning: the Novosibirsk region is much better suited for comfortable year-round recreation than many European resorts.

The Novosibirsk region, its protected areas, ski resorts (Klyuchi, Novososedovo, Inya, Pikhtovyi Komb), historical and cultural attractions are familiar not only to residents of the region, but also far beyond the borders of the Russian Federation. Salair Ridge and Novososedovskaya Cave, Berdsky Rocks and Bugotaksky Sopki, Chichaburg and Ulantova Gora, natural lakes and healing springs - the Novosibirsk Region is able to open its treasury with sights to its guests.

Novosibirsk region in the field of recreation and tourism is very unique. Here you can choose tours for every taste: ski resorts and health resorts with thermal waters, well-developed eco-tourism and excellent places for family and children's recreation (sanatoriums and dispensaries in Novosibirsk). If we consider the rest in the financial aspect, then the prices in the Novosibirsk region, both for accommodation and for entertainment, are very affordable. This will allow you to fully enjoy the beauty of the region and fully relax with family or friends.

Pilgrims to holy places and connoisseurs of the beauty of soul and body, lovers of club holidays and lovers of unity with nature will be able to appreciate the rest and entertainment to their liking. The Novosibirsk region with its resorts, spa centers, historical and religious sites is able to satisfy the needs and wishes of all categories of vacationers.

In summer, it is wonderful to relax on the banks of numerous rivers and lakes, coupled with the enjoyment of sun and oxygen baths. In autumn, it is worth making a hike through the endless forests of the NSO. The foliage of the trees takes on an intricate golden color, and the weather favors leisurely walks.

History of the NSO conceals something mysterious and mysterious. Under Ivan the Terrible, Western Siberia was a place of exile. Now it is an economically developed area with extensive opportunities and strong industrial potential.

For shopping, you should go to the administrative center of the region - Novosibirsk. Here you can visit the sights of the big city, go to the zoo and walk along the most beautiful streets and picturesque parks.

There are also equipped urban and wild beaches of the Ob Sea in the NSO, the waves of which beat against the sandy shores adjacent to the coniferous forest.

Interesting facts about the Novosibirsk region

NSO is located on the West Siberian Plain, borders on Kazakhstan from the south-western side, in the south - on the Altai Territory. The region stretches from west to east for 642 kilometers, from north to south - for 444. The wealth of the NSO is beautiful lakes, of which there are about three thousand. The main river is considered to be the Ob, and a hydroelectric power station was formed on it. The Ob divides the region into left and right banks.

Flora and fauna of the Novosibirsk region very varied. Several thousand species of insects, ten thousand varieties of invertebrates, about five hundred vertebrates, and fifty species of birds.

Climatic features

The central part of Eurasia, coupled with remoteness relative to the oceans and seas, determined the continental climate. Winter in the region is long and severe, the snow cover is stable, it lasts for about 5 months. The average temperature in January ranges from -15°С to -20°С, in the warm season the figures vary from +18°С to +21°С. Summer in the Novosibirsk region is short and hot, lasting 3-4 months. Precipitation falls more than 400 mm per year.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION, TERRITORY AND POPULATIONNOVOSIBIRSK REGION

The Novosibirsk region is located in the central part of the Eurasian continent, almost in the center of the Russian Federation in the southeast of the West Siberian Lowland - one of the greatest plains in the world. The area of ​​the region is 178 thousand square meters. km. or 1% of the territory of Russia. The length of the region from west to east is more than 600, and from north to south up to 400 kilometers. It lies within 75-85 degrees east longitude and 53-57 degrees north latitude. In the west it borders on Omsk, in the north on Tomsk, in the east on Kemerovo regions, in the south on Altai Territory, in the southwest on Kazakhstan. The borders between the Novosibirsk region and neighboring regions (Kemerovo, Tomsk, Omsk), as well as the Altai Territory and Kazakhstan, do not have clear natural boundaries. Their total length exceeds 2800 km. The length of the region's border with the Republic of Kazakhstan is 316.4 km. Three natural zones change from north to south: forest, forest-steppe and steppe. In this extreme compactness of landscapes lies the uniqueness of the nature of the region in comparison with neighboring regions of Western Siberia. We can say that the Novosibirsk region is almost the whole of Western Siberia in miniature. The modern administrative boundaries of the region have existed since 1944. The Novosibirsk Region is a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, part of the Siberian Federal District. The population is about three million people.

The administrative center of the region, Novosibirsk, is located on the picturesque banks of the Ob River. This is one of the young (founded in 1894) and the largest cities in Siberia. Until 1926 it was called Novonikolaevsk. Within the region there are 30 administrative districts, which in turn are divided into 428 village councils. The administrative center of the region is the city of Novosibirsk, which includes 10 urban districts: Dzerzhinsky, Zheleznodorozhny, Zaeltsovsky, Kalininsky, Kirovsky, Leninsky, Oktyabrsky, Pervomaisky, Sovetsky, Central. In total on the territory of the region: 7 cities of regional subordination - Novosibirsk, Barabinsk, Berdsk, Iskitim, Kuibyshev, Ob, Tatarsk; 7 cities of regional subordination - Bolotnoe, Karasuk, Kargat, Kupino, Toguchin, Cherepanovo, Chulym; 18 urban-type settlements - Gorny, Dorogino, Kolyvan, Koltsovo, Kochenevo. Krasnozerskoye, Krasnoobsk, Linevo, Listvyansky, Maslyanino, Moshkovo, Ordynsky, Sowing, Station-Oyashinsky, Suzun, Chany, Chik, Chistoozernoye; 1581 rural settlement. Distance from Novosibirsk to Moscow = 3191 km. The time difference with Moscow is 3 hours more, with Vladivostok 4 hours less.

GEOLOGICAL HISTORY AND PALEONTOLOGY

In the distant past, for hundreds of millions of years, a significant part of the territory of the region was the bottom of the ancient sea. This is evidenced by paleontological finds of fossilized remains of ancient marine animals. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods (100-150 million years ago), ancient reptiles - dinosaurs - lived in the sea and on land, but dinosaur bones are not found in the region, since the corresponding geological layers are located here at a depth of 1-2 kilometers and are inaccessible. In those distant geological epochs, the climate in Siberia was warm, subtropical. This is evidenced by the imprints of leaves and petrified trunks of ancient heat-loving plants. In the last 1-2 million years, glaciation of significant areas of the mainland has occurred more than once. Glaciers did not enter the territory of the region, but their proximity made the climate cold. The landscape at that time resembled the modern northern tundra. Mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, cave bears, primitive bison, aurochs, giant deer and cave lions lived during the Ice Age (video film "In the footsteps of paleontological finds"). All these animals died out relatively recently: 7-15 thousand years ago. The exposition of the nature of the Novosibirsk State Museum of Local Lore contains a unique exhibit - the skeleton of a female mammoth, found in 1939 in an eroded bank of one of the region's rivers. Individual bones, teeth, mammoth tusks are found quite often, but a complete skeleton is a rare find.

RELIEF, MINERALS

The predominant part of the territory of the Novosibirsk region is located on the West Siberian lowland, therefore its surface is mostly flat (Baraba lowland and Kulunda steppes). The Ob river valley divides the territory of the region into two parts: the left bank and the right bank. The left bank is a low-lying plain, the average height of which is 120 meters above sea level. A characteristic feature of the left-bank plain is ribbon-like relief elevations - manes. They stretch parallel to each other, their height is usually 3-10 meters. Manes are the former watersheds of ancient rivers, formed during the melting of a glacier several thousand years ago. The right-bank part of the region is more elevated, hilly. The northernmost, very smoothed spur of the Altai Mountains, the Salair Ridge (Maslyaninsky District), enters here. The highest point of the region is located on the Salair hills - 510 meters above sea level. To the north, in the Toguchinsky district, the Bugotaksky hills are located.

The Gorlovsky coal basin is located on the territory of the region with explored anthracite reserves of about 800 million tons, and predicted resources - more than 5 billion tons. This is a unique raw material base for the electrode industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. The Zavyalovskoye deposit is also exploited with coal reserves of more than 50 million tons. In the north-west of the region, 7 oil fields (Verkh-Tarskoye, Maloichskoye, Vostochno-Mezhovskoye, etc.) were discovered with recoverable reserves of about 40 million tons and one gas condensate field. Large resources of raw materials are also peat deposits in the north of the region with total reserves of about 1 billion tons, and predicted reserves - more than 7 billion tons. 24 alluvial and 1 ore gold deposits were taken into account in the south-east of the region. The exploitation of the Egoryevskoye deposit has been going on for more than 150 years, the annual production in the last decade is 100-170 kg. Marble is mined in the eastern part of the region (Petenevskoe deposit). In 1995, the Orda placer deposit of zirconium and titanium was discovered 10 km west of the Novosibirsk reservoir. Refractory clays, cement raw materials, facing marbles are also involved in circulation. There is a sufficient raw material base for most common minerals (sand, clay, crushed stone) to meet their own needs. The underground waters of the region are of value: mineralized (for medicinal purposes) and thermal (for heating). In the salt lakes of the southwest, table salt and soda are mined. Some salt lakes contain therapeutic mud used in medicine. On the salt lake Karachi, for example, there is a well-known resort in the country "Lake Karachinskoe".

SOILS AND AGRICULTURE

The soils of our region are varied and their arrangement is very mosaic. This is due to the wide variety of natural conditions. Podzolic, marsh, gray forest soils, solonetzes and solonchaks can be noted among the main types of soils in the Novosibirsk region. Various types of chernozems are widely used in agriculture. Agricultural lands (arable lands, pastures, hayfields) occupy about half of the region's territory. The main grain crop is spring and winter wheat. They also sow oats, barley, rye, peas, millet, and buckwheat. Large areas are occupied by planting potatoes and vegetables (carrots, cabbage, beets), fodder crops. Flax, sunflower, mustard are grown in the region, there are fruit and berry nurseries where currants, sea buckthorn, raspberries, and apple trees are cultivated. Even watermelons grow in the south of the region. Meat and dairy cattle breeding, poultry farming, and beekeeping are developed.

CLIMATE AND PHENOLOGY

The Novosibirsk region is located in the center of Eurasia, far from the seas and oceans, so the climate here is continental, with long cold winters and short but hot summers. The city of Novosibirsk is located at the latitude of such cities as Moscow, Copenhagen, Hamburg, but the number of sunny days here is about 20 percent more than at the corresponding latitude of Europe. During the year, the region receives an average of 300-400 millimeters of precipitation. In our area, all four seasons are well expressed. Winter is the longest season of the year, it lasts five months - from the beginning of November to the end of March. During all these months there is snow. The average temperature in January (the coldest month) is minus 19 degrees Celsius. Winter is a tough time for animals. Some animals (bear, badger, hedgehog, chipmunk, marmot) sleep in their burrows all winter. Despite the harsh winter, birds come to us not only in spring from the south, but also in winter from the north - with the onset of cold weather, snowy owls, waxwings, snow bunting and other nomadic birds appear. Spring lasts two months - April and May. There are many sunny days in spring, and less precipitation than in other seasons. In April, snow melts intensively, streams run. In early May, grass begins to grow and young leaves bloom on the trees. In spring, all nature awakens, many species of migratory birds arrive from the south. Summer comes in early June and lasts about three months. The warmest month of the year is July, the average July temperature is +19 degrees Celsius. The autumn months in Southern Siberia are September and October. In September it is still quite warm (+25 degrees). In October it becomes cold, the leaves completely fall off the trees, it often rains, at the end of October the first snow usually falls.

WATER AREA

The Novosibirsk region is still rich in water. About 380 rivers flow through its territory, including one of the largest rivers in the world - the Ob, which originates in the glaciers of the Altai Mountains and flows into the Arctic Ocean. In 1956, near Novosibirsk, the Ob was blocked by a hydroelectric dam, as a result of which an artificial reservoir was formed - the Ob Sea. Navigation is developed on the Ob. Of the rivers of the region, it is also worth noting Inya, along which there are dachas of many Novosibirsk residents, the picturesque Berd and leisurely flat rivers on the left bank: Tara, Om, Kargat, Karasuk. A characteristic element of the landscape are lakes, which number up to 3000, they occupy 3.5 percent of the territory of the region. The largest lakes are located in the central and southwestern parts of the region - Chany (2,600 sq. km), Sartlan (238 sq. km), Ubinskoye (440 sq. km) and others. The lakes are mostly fresh and only a few are located in the most arid southwestern part of the region, brackish and salty. The lakes of Baraba are shallow, with a depth of up to 1.5-2 meters. Only large lakes Chany and Sartlan in some places have a depth of up to 4-5 meters. Baraba reservoirs are subject to seasonal and long-term fluctuations in the water level and often to complete drying up. In winter, rivers and lakes are covered with ice, the thickness of which reaches 1 meter. Small ponds freeze to the bottom. About 30 percent of the territory is occupied by swamps. Large arrays of swamps are located in the north of the region, where the most extensive swamp system in the world, the Vasyugan swamps, enters with its southern edge. The Novosibirsk region is also rich in groundwater resources: fresh and low-mineralized - suitable for domestic and drinking water supply, mineral - for medicinal purposes, thermal - for heating.

VEGETATION AND NATURAL AREAS

For reasons of geographical location, the flora of the Novosibirsk region includes many plant species from Central Europe and North Asia. The vegetation of the region is diverse and has a pronounced zonality of distribution. It is represented by forest, marsh and meadow types. More than 1200 species of higher spore and seed plants grow here. Forest tree species are represented by 11 species - cedar, pine, spruce, fir, larch, birch, aspen, etc. Shrub-herbaceous vegetation in the region is represented by composite flowers - 135 species, cereals - 106, sedge - 89, legumes - 67, cruciferous - 57 , rosaceous - 54, etc. The forest cover of the region is - 23.5%. Marshes occupy 17% of the total area. In the north of the region there is a swampy dark coniferous taiga, consisting of spruce, fir, and cedar. To the south, birch, pine and aspen begin to predominate in the forests. In the swampy forests of the north of the region, various mosses, lichens grow luxuriantly, wild rosemary shrubs, ferns, a lot of lingonberries and cranberries are common. Similar islands of the northern landscape penetrate further south in the form of so-called ryams. The forest-steppe landscape is more typical for the Novosibirsk region, where open spaces are interspersed with small islands of birch-aspen forest, which in Siberia are called kolki. The herbaceous vegetation of the forest-steppe is very diverse. Here you can find valuable medicinal plants, such as St. John's wort, oregano, burnet, yarrow, lungwort, adonis and others. In the Baraba forest-steppe there are many damp meadows and swamps overgrown with reeds, cattails and other moisture-loving plants. In the south-west of the region, near the border with Kazakhstan, the steppe zone begins - the Kulunda steppe. The steppe is characterized by various drought-resistant plants: fescue, wormwood, feather grass, medicinal licorice. Near the salt lakes you can find interesting salt-loving flora. The low-mountain black taiga of the Salair Ridge stands out in the landscape of the region. It consists mainly of fir and aspen. On the damp forest glades of Salair, tall, human-sized grass grows. Karakansky, Ust-Aleussky, Ordynsky and other Ob forests are very beautiful and rich in berries, mushrooms, and medicinal plants. In addition to natural vegetation, vast areas of the region are occupied by fields where agricultural crops are grown, and there is also a Dendrological Park, which includes introduced species from various natural and geographical zones of the world.

ANIMALS OF NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

The fauna of the Novosibirsk region includes ten thousand species of invertebrates and 475 species of vertebrates. As you know, insects are the most numerous species of animals. In the Novosibirsk region, there are several thousand species of insects only. Among them are butterflies - more than 1400 species, orthoptera - more than 100 species, flies - more than 400 species, dragonflies - 62 species. Of these, about 150 species of diurnal butterflies, among which there are representatives of the exotic family of cavaliers - swallowtail and Apollo. Of the numerous hymenoptera, wasps, bees and bumblebees are noticeable, and in the forests anthills of the red forest ant are often found, sometimes reaching two meters in height. In our area, abundant in lakes and swamps, there are a lot of midges - two-winged insects (mosquitoes, midges, horseflies). The largest arthropod in our region is the narrow-toed crayfish. Crayfish live in various reservoirs, including the Ob River and its tributaries. The largest spider in our country, the tarantula, is found in the forest-steppe. There are 33 species of fish in the rivers and lakes of the region. The largest fish is the Siberian sturgeon, living in the Ob and reaching more than 2 meters in length. There are relatively few amphibians and reptiles in our area. They have been little studied. The largest amphibian is the lake frog. Most recently (2003), a population of the muzzle snake was discovered on Salair. In the Novosibirsk region, 350 species of birds out of 764 species living in Russia have been recorded. This is quite a lot for 1% of the territory of the Russian Federation and is explained by the favorable geographical position and diversity of landscapes. Many migratory birds pass through the lakes of the Baraba lowland, so the Chany lake system is of international importance as an important habitat for waterfowl. The smallest of the birds is the yellow-headed kinglet, and the largest is the mute swan. There are many small animals among 78 species of mammals: shrews, mice, voles, hamsters, ground squirrels. There are two types of hedgehogs, mole, mole voles, 9 species of bats. In the forests, the common squirrel is common, and the flying squirrel is occasionally found. Along the banks of small forest rivers in the north of the region, the largest rodents of our country, beavers, settle. The largest predator of Southern Siberia is the brown bear, its body length can be up to two meters. Within the region, bears are found in the northern forests and forests of the Salair Ridge. The elk is the largest animal of our fauna, the body length of an adult male reaches three meters, and the weight is 600 kg. And the smallest mammal is the tiny shrew, weighing less than 6 grams. Some mammals are acclimatized.

ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AND NATURE PROTECTION IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

The ecological situation in the Novosibirsk region, as well as in most regions of our planet, unfortunately, is unfavorable. The diversity of natural areas makes the local nature especially vulnerable. Harmful emissions from industrial enterprises, vehicles pollute the atmosphere, soil, water, especially near cities. This has a detrimental effect on the flora and fauna, worsens human health. For 2-3 decades, several species of animals and plants have disappeared in the region. The nature of the region also suffers in the process of mining, from ill-conceived land reclamation measures, due to improper farming. The problem of water and wind erosion of soils is very relevant for the vast territories of our region. Over the past 50 years, the area of ​​valuable cedar, spruce, fir forests in the region has decreased by almost 2 times; catastrophically dries up the largest in Western Siberia Lake Chany; many problems are associated with the artificial reservoir on the Ob. Through the efforts of some officials and deputies, forests, arboretums and parks in Novosibirsk are being destroyed. The Siberian region is threatened by absurd national projects to turn the Siberian rivers to the south, public figures who are very far from ecology. For example, Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov is sure that 6-7 percent of the water of the Ob River could irrigate 1.5 million hectares of fields in the Kurgan and Chelyabinsk regions, as well as 2 million hectares in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, without harming the ecology of the hydroelectric network, while replenishing the budget revenues of the Russian Federation from the sale of water to neighbors by 5 billion dollars a year.

Nevertheless, more and more attention is paid to nature protection every year. Relevant government services are fighting poaching, environmental pollution, and conducting an environmental review of economic activities. Every year, 3-5 new objects are recognized as natural monuments in the Novosibirsk region. In 2007, these were Sukharevsky ryam, Egorushkin ryam (both in the Kargatsky district), the Zolotaya Niva tract, Pokrovskaya forest-steppe and Gornostalevsky zaymishche (all three objects are in the territory of the Dovolensky district). In total, there are 24 state reserves of regional significance and about fifty natural monuments of regional significance in the Novosibirsk region. By 2020, according to the scheme approved by the regional Council in 1995, about a hundred specially protected zones should appear. As a result, they will form a system of territories with little affected lands, flora and fauna, which will reflect and preserve the specifics of the natural appearance of the Novosibirsk region. Scientists from the Institute of Systematics of Animal Ecology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk State University and other organizations worked on the scientific substantiation of just such a set of specially protected natural objects.

Literature and sources of information:
1. Balatsky N.N. Taxonomic list of birds of the Novosibirsk region. Rus. ornithol. magazine, Express issue. 324. St. Petersburg, 2006.
2. Luzhkov Yu. Water and peace. M., 2008.
3. Materials of the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Novosibirsk Region.
3. Materials of the department "Nature of the NSO" of the Novosibirsk State Museum of Local Lore.
4. Mugako A.L. Catalog of vertebrate animals of the Novosibirsk region. Novosibirsk, 2002.
5. Kravtsov V.M., Donukalova R.P. Geography of the Novosibirsk region. Novosibirsk, 1996.
6. Red Book of the Novosibirsk Region (animals). Novosibirsk, 2000.
7. Red Book of the Novosibirsk Region (plants). Novosibirsk, 1998.
8. Red Book of the Russian Federation (animals). M., 2001
9. Chernobay L.P. Reference guide to the Salair Ridge. Novosibirsk, 2004.