Fill in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Sometimes a thought will come that (1) seems (2) true, but you are afraid to believe it. But then you see that that thought, which (3) may be (4) strange, is actually the simplest truth: once you know it, you can’t stop believing in it.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here is the correct spelling.

Sometimes a thought will come that seems right, but you are afraid to believe it. But then you see that that thought, which may be strange, is actually the simplest truth: once you know it, you can no longer stop believing in it.

Perhaps - introductory words are separated by commas.

It seems - in this case, not the introductory word, but the predicate, is not separated by commas.

Commas should be in places 3, 4.

Answer: 34|43

Rule: Task 18. Introductory words and appeal

Task 18 tests the ability to punctuate words that are not grammatically related to the sentence. These include introductory words (constructions, phrases, sentences), plug-in constructions and appeals.

In the USE 2016-2017, one part of tasks 18 will be presented in the form of a narrative sentence with introductory words

Dacha (1) can be (2) called the cradle from which for each of us began to comprehend the world, at first limited to a garden, then a huge street, then plots and (3) finally (4) the entire country side.

The other part (judging by the demo and the book by I.P. Tsybulko Model Exam Materials 2017) will look like this:

Put punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).

Listen (1) maybe (2) when we leave

Forever this world, where the soul is so cold,

Perhaps (3) in a country where they do not know deceit,

You (4) will be an angel, I will become a demon!

Swear then to forget (5) dear (6)

For a former friend, all the happiness of paradise!

May (7) the gloomy exile, condemned by fate,

You will be paradise, and you will be the universe to me!

(M.Yu. Lermontov)

Consider the rules and concepts necessary to perform this type of task.

17.1 The general concept of introductory words and the basic rule for their selection.

Introductory words are words (or phrases) that are not grammatically related to the sentence and introduce additional semantic shades. For example: Obviously communication with children develops many good qualities in a person; Fortunately the secret remains a secret.

These meanings are conveyed not only by introductory words, but also introductory sentences. For example: evening, Do you remember, the blizzard was angry ... (Pushkin).

Adjoining the input units insert structures which contain various additional remarks, amendments and clarifications. Plug-in constructions, like introductory ones, are not connected with other words in the sentence. They abruptly tear up the offer. For example: Journals of foreign literature (two) I ordered to send to Yalta ; Masha talked to him about Rossini (Rossini was just coming into fashion) about Mozart.

The main mistake of most writers is associated with inaccurate knowledge of the list of introductory words. Therefore, first of all, you should learn which words can be introductory, which groups of introductory words can be distinguished and which words are never introductory.

GROUPS OF INTRODUCTORY WORDS.

1. introductory words expressing the speaker's feelings in connection with what was said: fortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, to annoyance, to horror, to misfortune, what good ...

2. introductory words expressing the speaker's assessment of the degree of reliability of what he said: of course, undoubtedly, of course, indisputably, obviously, certainly, probably, probably, probably, probably, probably, apparently, apparently, in essence, in fact, I think ... This group of introductory words is the most numerous.

3. introductory words indicating the sequence of thoughts presented and their connection with each other: firstly, so, therefore, in general, means, by the way, further, however, finally, on the one hand… This group is also quite large and treacherous.

4. introductory words indicating the techniques and ways of formulating thoughts: in a word, in other words, in other words, rather, more precisely, so to speak ...

5. introductory words indicating the source of the message: they say, in my opinion, according to ..., according to rumors, according to information ..., according to ..., in my opinion, I remember ...

6. introductory words, which are the speaker's appeal to the interlocutor: you see (whether), you know, understand, forgive, please, agree ...

7. introductory words indicating an assessment of the measure of what is being said: at the most, at least...

8. introductory words showing the degree of commonness of what was said: happens, happens, as usual...

9. introductory words expressing the expressiveness of the statement: joking aside, it's funny to say, to be honest, between us...

17.1. 1 ARE NOT INTRODUCTORY WORDS and therefore the following words are not separated by commas in the letter:

literally, as if, in addition, suddenly, after all, here, there, hardly, after all, ultimately, hardly, even, precisely, exclusively, as if, as if, just, meanwhile, almost, therefore, therefore, approximately, approximately, moreover, moreover, simply, decisively, as if ... - this group includes particles and adverbs, which most often turn out to be erroneously isolated as introductory.

according to tradition, according to the advice ..., according to the instructions ..., according to the demand ..., according to the order ..., according to the plan ... - these combinations act as non-separated (not separated by commas) members of the sentence:

On the advice of her older sister, she decided to enter Moscow State University.

By order of the doctor, the patient was put on a strict diet.

17.1. 2 Depending on the context, the same words can act either as introductory words or as members of a sentence.

MAY and MAY BE, SHOULD BE, SEEMS (seemed) act as introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of the reported:

Maybe, I will come tomorrow? Our teacher has been gone for two days; may be, he is ill. You, should be, for the first time you meet with such a phenomenon. I, seems, I saw him somewhere.

The same words can be used as predicates:

What can a meeting with you bring me? How can a person be so optional! This should be your own decision. All this seems very suspicious to me. Note: you can never throw out its predicate from a sentence, but the introductory word can.

OBVIOUSLY, POSSIBLY, VISIBLY turn out to be introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of the statement:

You, obviously Do you want to apologize for what you did? Next month I possibly I'm going to rest. You, it is seen Would you like to tell us the whole truth?

The same words can be included in the predicates:

It became obvious to everyone that another way to solve the problem had to be found. This was made possible thanks to the coordinated actions of the fire brigade. The sun is not visible because of the clouds.

PROBABLY, TRUE, EXACTLY, NATURALLY turn out to be introductory when indicating the degree of reliability of the reported (in this case they are interchangeable or can be replaced by words of this group that are close in meaning) - You, probably (=must be) and you don't understand how important it is to do it on time. You, right, and there is the same Sidorov? She is, exactly, was a beauty. All these arguments naturally So far, only our guesses.

The same words turn out to be members of the sentence (circumstances) - He correctly (=correctly, the circumstance of the mode of action) translated the text. I don't know for sure (=probably a modus operandi), but he must have done it to spite me. The student accurately (=correctly) solved the problem. This naturally (=in a natural way) led us to the only correct answer.

BTW is an introductory word if it indicates a connection of thoughts:

He is a good sportsman. By the way He also studies well.

The same word does not act as an introductory word in the meaning of "at the same time":

I'll go for a walk, by the way I'll buy some bread.

BY THE WAY turns out to be an introductory word, indicating the connection of thoughts:

Her parents, friends and, by the way, best friend against the trip.

This word can be used as a non-introductory word in the context:

He made a long speech, in which, among other things, he noted that he would soon become our boss.

FIRST of all, as an introductory word, it indicates the connection of thoughts:

Primarily(= firstly), is it even necessary to raise such a sensitive topic?

The same word can act as a circumstance of time (=first):

First of all, I want to say hello from your parents.

It must be said that in the same phrase "first of all" can be considered as an introductory, or not, depending on the will of the author.

REALLY, DEFINITELY, DEFINITELY, ACTUALLY will be introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of the reported:

From this hill really(=exactly, in fact, without any doubt), the view was the best. Undoubtedly(=really, really), your child is capable of music. He, undoubtedly read this novel. - or at the reception of the formulation of thoughts - Here, actually and the whole story.

The same words are not introductory if they appear in other meanings:

I really am what you imagined me to be (=really, actually). He was undoubtedly a talented composer (= no doubt, actually). She is certainly right in offering us such a simple way to solve the problem (=very, quite right). I didn't really have anything against the school, but I didn't want to go to this one (= in general, exactly). The words "really" and "unconditionally", depending on the intonation proposed by the speaker, may in the same context be either introductory or not.

AND, after she turned out to be a celebrity. Further, we will talk about our findings. Thus(=so), our results do not contradict those obtained by other scientists. She is smart, beautiful and, finally she is very kind to me. What, eventually you want from me? Usually sentences containing the above words complete a series of enumerations, the words themselves have the meaning "and more". In the context above, the words "firstly", "secondly", "on the one hand", etc. may occur. "Thus" in the meaning of the introductory word turns out to be not only the completion of the enumeration, but also the conclusion.

The same words are not distinguished as introductory in the meanings: "in this way" = "in this way":

Thus he was able to move the heavy cabinet.

Usually in the previous context there are circumstances of time, for example "at first". "then" = "then, after that":

And then he became a famous scientist.

"Finally" = "in the end, finally, after all, as a result of everything":

Finally, all cases were successfully completed. Usually, in this sense, the particle "-something" can be added to the word "finally", which cannot be done if "finally" is an introductory word. In the same meanings as indicated above for "finally", the combination "finally" is not an introductory combination:

In the end (=as a result) an agreement was reached.

HOWEVER is introductory if it is in the middle or at the end of a sentence:

Rain, but, has been going on for the second week, despite the forecasts of weather forecasters. How I deftly do it, but!

"However" does not turn out to be introductory at the beginning of a sentence and at the beginning of a part of a complex sentence, when it acts as an adversative conjunction (= but): However, people did not want to believe in his good intentions. We did not hope to meet, but we were lucky.

We draw attention to the fact that sometimes the word “however” can also be at the beginning of a sentence, but does not perform the function of a union: However, it's incredibly difficult.

IN GENERAL is introductory in the sense of "generally speaking" when it indicates the way thoughts are framed:

His works, generally, is of interest only to a narrow circle of specialists. In other senses, the word "in general" is an adverb in the sense of "in general, completely, in all respects, under all conditions, always":

Ostrovsky is to the Russian theater what Pushkin is to literature in general. Under the new law, smoking in the workplace is generally prohibited.

MY, YOUR, OUR, YOUR are introductory, indicating the source of the message:

Your child, to my mind, caught a cold. This is, In your, proves something? The word "in his own way" is not introductory: He is right in his own way.

OF COURSE is most often introductory, indicating the degree of reliability of the statement:

We, certainly ready to help you with everything.

Sometimes this word is not isolated if intonation is distinguished by a tone of confidence, conviction. In this case, the word "of course" is considered an amplifying particle: I certainly would agree if you warned me in advance.

In any case, it is more often introductory and is used to evaluate:

I, anyway I don't want to be reminded of it. These words, anyway testify to the seriousness of his attitude to life.

In the meaning of "always, under any circumstances" this combination is not introductory:

I anyway was supposed to meet him today and talk to him.

IN REALLY more often NOT is introductory, speaking in the meaning of "really" - Petya is really well versed in computers. I really don't belong here. Less often, this phrase turns out to be introductory if it serves to express bewilderment, indignation - What are you, Indeed, are you making a smart guy out of yourself?

IN TURN, it can be introductory when it indicates the connection of thoughts or the way thoughts are formed:

Among many modern writers, Vladimir Sorokin is of interest, and among his books, in its turn, you can highlight the "Roman". Asking me to help him with his work, he, in its turn, also did not mess around. The same phrase can be non-introductory in the meanings "in response", "on my part" (= when the turn comes) - Masha, in turn, told about how she spent the summer.

MEAN is introductory if it can be replaced by the words "therefore", "therefore":

The message is complex means, it must be submitted today. The rain has already stopped means we can go for a walk. If she fights us so hard means she feels right.

This word may turn out to be a predicate, close in meaning to "means":

The dog means more to him than the wife. When you are truly friends with a person, it means that you trust him in everything. "So" can be between the subject and the predicate, especially when they are expressed in infinitives. In this case, the "mean" is preceded by a dash:

To be offended means to recognize oneself as weak. To be friends means to trust your friend.

ON the contrary, it is introductory if it indicates a connection of thoughts:

He didn't mean to hurt her, uh vice versa tried to ask her forgiveness. Instead of playing sports, she, vice versa sitting at home all day.

The combination "and vice versa" is not an introductory combination, which can act as a homogeneous member of a sentence, it is used as a word that replaces the whole sentence or part of it:

In the spring, girls change: brunettes become blondes and vice versa (i.e. blondes become brunettes). The more you study, the higher marks you get, and vice versa (i.e. if you study a little, the marks will be bad; the comma before "and" appears at the end of the sentence part - it turns out, as it were, a compound sentence, where "on the contrary" replaces its second part). I know that he will fulfill my request and vice versa (i.e. I will fulfill it, there is no comma before "and", since "vice versa" replaces a homogeneous clause).

It is AT LEAST introductory if the score matters:

Misha, at least, knows how to behave, and does not pick his teeth with a fork.

This phrase can be used in the meanings "not less than", "the least", then it is not isolated:

At least she would know that her father did not live in vain. At least five of the class must take part in cross-country skiing.

FROM THE POINT OF VIEW is introductory in the sense of "according to":

From my grandmother's point of view, the girl should not wear trousers. her answer, from the point of view of the examiners worthy of the highest praise.

The same turnover can have the meaning "in relation to" and then it is not introductory:

Work is progressing according to plan in terms of timelines. If we evaluate the behavior of the heroes of some literary works from the point of view of modern morality, then it should be considered immoral.

IN PARTICULAR, it stands out as introductory if it indicates the connection of thoughts in the statement: She is interested, in particular, the question of the contribution of this scientist to the development of the theory of relativity. The firm is actively involved in charitable activities and, in particular, helps orphanage No. 187.

If the combination IN PARTICULAR turned out to be at the beginning or at the end of the connecting structure, then it is not separated from this structure (this will be discussed in more detail in the next section):

I love books about animals, especially about dogs. My friends, in particular Masha and Vadim, vacationed this summer in Spain. The indicated combination is not distinguished as an introductory one if it is connected by the union "and" with the word "generally":

The conversation turned to politics in general and the latest government decisions in particular.

MAINLY it is introductory, when it serves to evaluate some fact, highlight it in the statement: The textbook should be rewritten and, mainly, add such chapters to it ... The room was used on special occasions and, mainly for the organization of ceremonial dinners.

This combination may be part of the connecting construction, in which case, if it is at its beginning or end, it is not separated from the construction itself by a comma:

Many Russian people mainly intellectuals did not believe the promises of the government.

In the meaning of "first of all", "most of all", this combination is not introductory and is not isolated:

He was afraid of writing mainly because of his illiteracy. What I like most about him is his relationship with his parents.

FOR EXAMPLE will always be introductory, but is formatted differently. It can be separated by commas on both sides:

Pavel Petrovich is a person who is extremely attentive to his appearance, For example He takes good care of his nails. If "for example" appears at the beginning or at the end of an already isolated member, then it is not separated from this turnover by a comma:

In many big cities, For example in Moscow, there is an unfavorable ecological situation. Some works of Russian writers, For example"Eugene Onegin" or "War and Peace" served as the basis for the creation of feature films not only in Russia, but also in other countries. In addition, after "for example" there can be a colon, if "for example" is after the generalizing word before a number of homogeneous members:

Some fruits can cause allergies, For example: oranges, tangerines, pineapple, red berries.

17.1.3 There are special cases of punctuation in introductory words.

To highlight introductory words and sentences, not only commas, but also dashes, as well as combinations of dashes and commas, can be used.

These cases are not included in the secondary school course and are not used in the USE assignments. But some turns, often used, need to be remembered. Here are some examples from Rosenthal's Punctuation Guide.

So, if the introductory combination forms an incomplete construction (any word restored from the context is missing), then it is distinguished by a comma and a dash: Makarenko repeatedly emphasized that pedagogy is based one side, on boundless trust in a person, and with another- on high requirements to it; Chichikov ordered to stop for two reasons: one side to give the horses a rest, with another- to relax and refresh yourself(the comma before the subordinate clause is "absorbed" by the dash); One side, it was important to make an urgent decision, but caution was required - with another.

17.2 The general concept of treatment and the basic rule for its selection.

For the first time included in the tasks of the exam in 2016-2017. Students will have to look for appeals in poetic works, which greatly complicates the task.

Addresses are words that name the person to whom the speech is addressed. The appeal has the form of the nominative case and is pronounced with a special intonation: Tatiana, dear Tatiana! With you now I shed tears. Addresses are usually expressed by animate nouns, as well as adjectives and participles in the meaning of nouns. For example: Use life living . In artistic speech, inanimate nouns can also be addresses. For example: Noise, noise obedient sail ; Don't make noise rye, ripe ear.

Personal pronouns you and you, as a rule, act not in the role of appeal, and as a subject: Sorry, peaceful valleys, and you , familiar mountain peaks, and you , familiar woods!

17.1.2. There are also more complex rules for selecting hits.

1. If the appeal at the beginning of the sentence is pronounced with an exclamatory intonation, then an exclamation mark is placed after it (the word following the appeal is capitalized): Old man! Forget about the past; A young native of Naples! What did you leave on the field in Russia?

2. If the appeal is at the end of the sentence, then a comma is placed before it, and after it - the punctuation mark that is required by the content and intonation of the sentence: Think master of culture; hello to you people of peaceful labor!; Are you here, cute?; You are a pig brother…

3.Duplicate calls are separated by a comma or an exclamation point: The steppe is wide, the steppe is deserted Why are you looking so cloudy?; Hello, wind, formidable wind, tailwind of world history!; Vaska! Vaska! Vaska! Great!

4. Homogeneous appeals connected by a union and or Yes, do not separate with a comma: sing along people, cities and rivers! sing along mountains, steppes and fields!; Hello, sunshine and happy morning!

5. If there are several appeals to one person, located in different places of the sentence, each of them is separated by commas: Ivan Ilyich, dispose, brother, about snacks; ... I therefore Thomas, isn't it better brother, breake down?

6. If the common appeal is “broken” by other words - members of the sentence, then each part of the appeal is separated by commas according to the general rule: Stronger equine, bey, hoof, chasing a step! ; For blood and tears, thirsting for retribution we see you forty one year.

1. Place punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) This parrot was a quarrelsome and noisy bird and poisoned the life of its owner and the whole house for a month.

2) In the evenings, the sun bathes in crimson fogs or burns dry on the edge of the steppe with a fire.

3) During the flight, you can take a nap or just dream.

4) In the Russian song, both timidity and rebellious freemen sound.

5) The moon rolled down over the horizon and the city slowly plunged into predawn dry darkness.

2. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which

Flowers (1) merging into a whole forest clearing (2) and forming an open space (3) upon closer examination, struck with the ideal shape of each corolla (4) framed by delicate petals.

3. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which

The sentence must contain commas.

Sometimes a thought will come that (1) seems (2) true, but you are afraid to believe it. However, then you see that that thought, which (3) may be (4) strange, is actually the simplest truth: once you know it, you can no longer stop believing in it.

4. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which

The sentence must contain commas.

In Greece of the classical era (1) for the social system (2) which (3) the form of the city-state is typical (4), especially favorable conditions arose for the flourishing of oratory

5. Put punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where

The sentence must contain commas.

A few hours later (1) Ivan became exhausted (2) and (3) when he realized (4) that he could not cope with the papers (5) he cried quietly and bitterly.

6. Indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

Then (1) Sergius (2), taking one of the monks (3), went down from the monastery (4) located on the mountainside.

7. Indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in sentences?

Pechorin (1) seems (2) passionately fond of hunting. Circumstances (3) apparently (4) changed, and fate itself laughed at him.

8. Indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

Sanatorium "Specific" (1) construction (2) which took place in the fifties of the last century (3) became a health resort (4) of republican significance.

9. Indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

Liza went to the deserted square (1) and (2) when her legs began to fall heavily from the round bald heads of the cobblestones (3) she remembered (4) how she was returning along this square after the first meeting with Valentine.

10. Select the sentences in which you need to put one comma. (No punctuation marks included.)

1) Nekhlyudov inhaled the strong smell of a young birch leaf and looked around the clearing.

2) Bears open old stumps and lick the honey of wild bees.

3) And in the chill, under a canopy and in the sun, ducklings settled down.

4) The forest and water and sandy hills burn with a crimson glow.

5) It got colder and it was urgent to look for a place to sleep.

1 45

2 134

3 34

4 14

5 345

6 234

7 1234

8 13

9 1234

10 35

Read the text and do tasks 1-3.

1) About two and a half thousand years ago, the outstanding ancient Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea formulated the paradoxical statement (aporia) "Arrow" about the impossibility of movement in nature: at any given instant of time, a flying arrow is at a certain point in space, and therefore, there is no such the point in time at which the flying arrow is moving.

(2) It would seem that Zeno's aporia can be easily refuted by simply pointing out that in the real world the arrows fired move in space. (3)<…>such a “refutation” is meaningless: the essence of the aporia is not in the denial of the fact of movement that is obvious to the observer, but in the deliberate falsity of the conclusions obtained in the process of impeccable logical reasoning, which clearly demonstrates the limitations of our logical thinking as a tool for cognizing reality.

one . Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN information contained in the text?

1) Zeno's reasoning in the aporia "Arrow" leads to deliberately false conclusions and is easily refuted by simply pointing out the fact of the existence of movement.

2) From the reasoning about the immobility of a flying arrow at any given moment in time, the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno concluded that there is no movement as such.

3) In Zeno's aporia "Arrow", we come to a false conclusion, guided by impeccable logical reasoning, which indicates the fundamental impossibility of knowing the world through logic.

4) The essence of Zeno's aporia "Arrow" is not a denial of the existence of movement in nature, but that the possibilities of logical thinking are limited.

5) Zeno's aporia is paradoxical, but corresponds to the truth: it clearly demonstrates the limitations of our logical thinking as a tool for knowing reality.

2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write out this word.

On the contrary, for example, however, it is likely

3 . Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word TIME. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the FIRST (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

TIME, -meni, pl. -mena, -myeon, -menam, cf.

1. One of the forms (along with space) of the existence of infinitely developing matter, the successive change of its phenomena and states. Outside of time and space there is no movement of matter.

2. duration, duration something measured in seconds, minutes, hours. What time is it (what time is it?).

3. An interval of some length, something is being done, a successive change of hours, days, years. Time interval. Good to spend in. V. is not waiting (you must hurry). V. endures (you can still wait). V. will show (will be seen in the future). V. works for us. Continuous c. For a short Win at.

4. The specific moment at which sth. Assign to. meetings. V. lunch. At any in day.

5. (plural in one value with units). Period, era. During (times) of Peter I. Severe time (severe times). From time immemorial (from time immemorial) At all times (always) For all time (forever)

6. Time of day, year. Evening in. V. children's (it's too early for adults to go to bed; colloquial). Rainy in. Seasons (winter, spring, summer, autumn).

4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel was highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word

lila's beard

5. In which answer option is the underlined word used INCORRECTLY?Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.

The travel company is obliged to PROVIDE the consumer with information about its state registration and the name of the body that registered it.

Almost all works of cinematography, with the exception of a part of documentary films, belong to FEATURE cinema.

In accordance with the "Rules for the Provision of Postal Services", a registered letter is only considered delivered when the ADDRESSER personally signed the notification of delivery.

After a wet snowfall, it is necessary to SHASH the snow off the branches of the trees so that they do not break.

It was impossible to EXPECT a warmer reception than the one that was organized for the guests of the festival.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form of the word. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly On both sides more than five hundred dollars experienced engineers pink cockatoo

7. Establish a correspondence between sentences and grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select

corresponding position from the second column. SUGGESTIONS

B) Visiting the Tretyakov Gallery, the attention of tourists is certainly attracted by the paintings of Vasily Perov.

C) No one outside this room will hear a sound.

D) One of the famous scientists of the twentieth century who had a significant impact on the development of linguistics was Ferdinand de Saussure.

E) The linguist A. Kh. Vostokov gave a description of the language system in the book “Russian Grammar”.

GRAMMAR ERRORS 1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun

2) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate

3) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

4) error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

5) incorrect construction of a sentence with adverbial turnover

6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

7) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters. Answer

8. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

R..sloping position..expressed..compositions..precedence..dent

9. Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words out with the missing letter.

Pr..protect, pr..protect Z..heads, pos..yesterday

10. Write out a word in which the letter E is written at the place of the pass.

11. Write out the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the pass. Move.

12. Define a sentence in which NOT with the word is written CLEARLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.

The huge crane trembled as if it were (not) steel, but bamboo. The river stretched along a by no means (not) high steep bank.

Our duty is to preserve the brilliant and (un)heard-of rich language of our classics. Lanterns (not) very brightly reflected on the black surface of the water.

The (un)voiced reproach shone in Sofya Nikolaevna's eyes.

13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

The shark often attacks (FROM) BOTTOM, bending the snout, SO (AS) it prevents it from capturing prey.

Anton Stepanovich HERE (SAME) showed us an old medallion (B) in the form of a heart. (IN) ALONG with paintings on contemporary themes, historical painting occupies a large place in Repin's work, to which he periodically returns (IN) DURING his whole life.

For (HALF) HOUR he was going to the city, WITH (WHAT) he took all the money.

(B) CONTINUATION of the whole evening, the princess (FROM) TOGO was unhappy that she had not seen her brother for a long time.

fourteen . Indicate all the numbers (number) in place of which HH is written

And thick milk pouring from a clay (1) jug, and a magnificent loaf in the art (2) of a gossip (3) basket, and a sliding napkin (4) were written by the artist in all details and with special expressiveness.

15. Arrange punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.

1) In gouache painting, flat and round brushes have an advantage.

2) I took the heavy lists of the novel and draft notebooks out of my desk drawer and began to burn them.

3) The heart suddenly trembles and beats, then irretrievably drowns in memories.

4) You can love a spring or a path, a quiet lake, or a dense summer, a blue night or a bright morning.

5) Rare yellowish stars flickered between the clouds and the sky gradually brightened on the horizon.

16 . Place punctuation marks: indicate the numbers (number) where commas should be in the sentence.

Ivan Yakovlevich threw down his pen (1) and (2) leaning back in his chair (3) began to look out the window at a clearing (4) flooded (5) with moonlight.

17 . Place punctuation marks: List all numbers that should be replaced by commas in sentences.

Sometimes a thought will come that (1) seems (2) true, but you are afraid to believe it. But then you see that that thought, which (3) may be (4) strange, is actually the simplest truth: once you know it, you can’t stop believing in it.

18 . Place punctuation marks: indicate the numbers (digit) in the place of which there should be commas.

Raskolnikov (1) likes Sennaya Square (2) in the vicinity (3) of which

(4) the poor people drag out a miserable existence.

19 . Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentences.

It was time to leave (1) and (2) when buses came for us from the city (3) we understood

(4) what a pity to part with the lake.

Read the text and complete tasks 20-25.

(1) Shatalov kindled the stove, sat himself on a chair and lit a cigarette. (2) The pain in the bones increased, monotonous, tedious ...

(3) All the troubles began at the same time when he earned this damned rheumatic heart disease. (4) It happens surprisingly stupid sometimes: a small, ordinary case becomes a watershed of a whole fate.

(5) Shatalov - at that time a senior lieutenant, navigator of a hydrographic vessel - launched reporting documentation and did not get out of the cabin for a week, dealing with combat training logs, acts on the write-off of skipper and navigator's property, and notes of classes with personnel. (6) From the endless "sections", "subsections", "paragraphs" and "notes" it was already rippling in the eyes, for some reason it itched behind the collar.

(7) The deadlines for the submission of documentation were approaching inexorably, the commander of the ship frowned at the meeting, and the end of the work was still in sight.

(8) And suddenly an order to go to sea: somewhere on the island an automatic lighthouse went bad, and it was necessary to change the burner. (9) The autumn Baltic was stormy, but the navigator rejoiced. (10) He was young. (11) He jumped like a goat from a compass to a map, from a radio direction finder to

echo sounder: after all, no one could now drive him into a cabin and force him to write to the inventory commission - he led the ship through a stormy sea!

(12) The island was closed in a ring of surf, but the navigator volunteered to go there on a whaleboat. (13) He assured the commander that he had already landed here several times, that he knew the passages in the coastal stones. (14) He was never even close here and did not know any passages. (15) On the other hand, he was well aware that the deadline for submitting documentation would be extended if it was possible to fix the lighthouse without waiting for the weakening of the storm wind.

(16) No, it was not a completely desperate adventure. (17) Shatalov was a good sailor and felt the whaleboat's tiller not only with his palm, but with his whole being. (18) It’s just that fate changed ... (19) He lost his bearings among the waves, breakers, curtains of spray ... (20) Forever I remember the slippery shine of a whaleboat that was exposed by the very side, a blow, a crack of breaking oars, twisted mouths on sailors faces and the roar of the wind ... (21) Only by a miracle no one died. (22) Wounded, cold, they spent more than a day on the island until the storm subsided.

(23) Although Shatalov did not light the beacon fire, he got rid of the documentation: he landed in the hospital for six months. (24) For unjustified recklessness, he was not awarded the next rank, and when a new reduction in the armed forces began, he was demobilized one of the first.

(According to V. Konetsky *) * Viktor Viktorovich Konetsky (1929-2002) - sea captain, prose writer, screenwriter. In his works he reflected the life of polar explorers.

20 . Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.

1) Sometimes a person with one act can change his future destiny.

2) The young navigator decided on a desperate act, trying to extend the deadline for submitting documentation.

3) Senior Lieutenant Shatalov repeatedly went on a whaleboat to an island closed in a surf ring, so he knew all the passages in the coastal stones.

4) Shatalov never managed to light the beacon on the island.

5) Shatalov, being a senior lieutenant, fell ill with rheumatic heart disease while keeping a combat training journal.

21. Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers.

1) In sentences 1-3, reasoning is presented.

2) Sentence 20 contains a descriptive fragment.

3) Sentence 17 provides a justification for the judgment made in sentence 16.

4) Sentences 23-24 present the narrative.

5) Proposition 22 contains an element of reasoning.

22. Write out contextual synonyms from sentences 1-4.

23. Among the proposals 12-19 find one that is connected with the previous one with the help of a union and lexical repetition. Write the number of this offer.

24. Read the review snippet. This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list.

Write the sequence of numbers without spaces, commas and other additional characters.

The writer V. Konetsky, a former sailor, uses such a lexical means of expressiveness as _____ (for example, “cursed” in sentence 3), and such a trope as _____ (“watershed of fate”), in order to more accurately describe the state of mind of the character and his attitude towards to his deed. A trope like ______

(“desperate adventure” in sentence 16), combined with nautical terms, help to better understand the character of the young navigator. A syntactic device such as ______ (“shine ..., blow, crackle ..., ... mouths ... and growl ...” in sentence 20) emphasizes the tension of the situation.

List of terms:

1) dialectism

2) epithet

3) metaphor

4) parceling

5) rhetorical appeal

6) litote

7) emotional-evaluative the words

8) question-answer form of presentation

9) a number of homogeneous members

A B C D

	perspicacious
	shake off
	A-1, B-5, V-2, G-6, D-3
	luxurious
	Heading the day before yesterday
	spend the night
	movable
	unheard of
	Half an hour and
	Little Private

Text issues:

1. The problem of a person's responsibility for his actions (Should a person be aware of responsibility for his actions and foresee their consequences?)

2. The problem of a person's overestimation of his capabilities (What can a person's overestimation of his capabilities lead to?)

Introductory words and sentences are not members of the sentence, but if you remove them from the text, then the basis is clearly distinguished in the introductory sentence.

In particular, for example, of course, probably - introductory words.

I think, it seems to me, as the forecasters report, these are introductory sentences.

Inserted structures contain additional information, some information, explanations. They do not express the feelings of the speaker, do not indicate a connection with other words, the source of the message. Plug-in structures are not planned in advance, so they cannot be at the beginning of a sentence. They are characterized by intonation of inclusion with a longer pause.

Once (it was at the beginning of summer) my father and I went fishing (additional information)

No, you (or you) simply must know this (explains a single word).

Plug-in constructions are often distinguished by brackets or dashes, less often by commas.

Here - there is nothing to do - the relatives hugged.

It even seemed to me, and maybe it really was, that the attitude of those present towards me changed dramatically.

Workshop

Option 1

Place punctuation marks

1. Crimson mountains in the Middle Urals (1) according to the stories of famous travelers (2) got their name due to the fact that raspberries grew in particular abundance along the ridges and placers. It (3) true (4) was smaller than the forest one, but, ripening in the sun, this mountain raspberry acquired a unique taste.

2. The language of poetry (1) as you know (2) cannot be ordinary, since the way to express yourself in iambs, choreas is unusual. Therefore, poetry is (3) one might say (4) the miracle of turning an ordinary word into a poetic word.

3. Trigorsky Park in the Pushkin Reserve (1) according to

many (2) soaked in the sun even on cloudy days. This park

created (3) as if (4) especially for family holidays, friendly conversations, laughter, playful confessions.

4. Sometimes a thought will come that (1) seems (2) true, but you are afraid to believe it. However, then you see that that thought, which (3) may be (4) strange, is actually the simplest truth: once you know it, you can no longer stop believing in it.

5. For the writers of the 18th century (1) of course (2) the essential difference between the then colloquial "living use" and the old literary language was obvious. This literary language correlated with the Russian spoken language (3) according to linguists (4) in the same way as the language of the past with the modern language.

6. In the past, many were (1) of course (2) well-known Aksakov's house, where everything breathed creativity, family happiness and contentment. Friends of the family, numerous guests (3) probably (4) more than once had a chance to rest in this house from everyday squabbles and worries.

7. The leaves on the trees do not move, on a hot summer day they (1) seem to (2) shine through with emeralds, so you can see the lace of the veins. Only individual leaves suddenly sway (3) apparently (4) from a bird suddenly fluttering from a branch.

8. The July evening was wonderful, he (1) seemed to (2) throw a thin translucent fabric over everything. And the colors of the day (3) seemed (4) to fade slightly: the clouds slowly lost their reflections, the river surface turned pale.

9. The dark sky above the illuminated street (1) seemed (2) to be a black, heavy canopy. The sun and (3) it seemed (4) the sky itself were hiding behind the rocks.

10. Behind the distant woods (1) one can see (2) the lake.

It was deserted around him. The villagers (3) can be seen (4) did not like this remote place very much.

11. Somewhere nearby (1) apparently (2) there was a waterfall.

From the exclamation that escaped from my companion, I realized that the danger (3) could be (4) serious.

12. Among the poets of the Silver Age, A. Blok occupies (1) undoubtedly (2) a special position. He does not repeat other people's topics, but draws the content of his poems (3) exclusively (4) from the depths of his soul.

13. An amazingly pleasant experience (1) I remember (2) was for me to lie on my back in the forest and look up. Then (3) it seemed (4) the sky was a bottomless sea, spreading before the eyes.

14. What do dialect words mean? Undoubtedly (1) many dialect words refer to rural realities: the word "golbets" (2) for example (3) in the northern regions is called an extension near the Russian stove. However (4) there are many more such words that serve as local names for ubiquitous objects.

15. A.I. Kuindzhi (1) probably (2) D.I.’s bewilderment was especially expensive. Mendeleev, who tried to comprehend the secret of his "luminous" colors. The great chemist (3) of course (4) understood that the secret of "lunar" and "solar" colors lies primarily in the unique art of the artist.

16. The leaves on the trees do not move, on a hot summer day they (1) seem to (2) shine through with emeralds, so you can see the lace of the veins. Only individual leaves suddenly sway (3) apparently (4) from the movement of a bird suddenly fluttering from a branch.

Option 3

Place punctuation marks: enter all the digits where

sentences must contain commas.

1. Sometimes Ivan Petrovich Argunov (1) still (2) managed to completely surrender to inspiration. At such a joyful hour (3) probably (4) he created a portrait of an unknown young woman in a festive peasant dress.

2. A cheerful, carefree childhood (1) will still (2) someday end, and adult life (3) of course (4) will require serious decisions and responsible actions.

3. At the Academy of Arts V.I. Surikov studied (1) according to him (2) “with terrible greed for studies” and with such diligence (3) of course (4) he graduated with a gold medal.

4. Petersburg guards (1) it would seem (2) were exclusively engaged in organizing and carrying out "palace coups" (3) however (4) they were not a blind instrument of one group or another: the choice that the guards made almost always led the country forward.

5. The painful sincerity of L. Tolstoy and dissatisfaction with himself (1) of course (2) part of his living soul, but the most important thing for us (3) perhaps (4) is how the shoots of the writer's spiritual development sprout in his work.

6. Among the poets of the "Silver Age" A. Blok occupies (1) undoubtedly (2) a special position. He does not repeat other people's topics, but draws the content of his poems (3) exclusively (4) from the depths of his soul.

7. On one side (1) the mountains were silent, on the other side (2) the sea was noisy. On the one hand (3) cars are useful, and on the other hand (4) everyone knows the harm they cause to the environment.

8. A compliment (1) as you know (2) is a flattering, kind remark or a brief praise, and the ability to give compliments is a real art that requires tact, wit and (3) of course (4) attentive, warm attitude to the interlocutor.

9. I (1) confess (2) don't like aspen too much with its lavender trunk and grey-green metallic foliage. Aspen is good only on a windy summer day, when each leaf of it (3) as if (4) wants to break loose and rush off into the distance.

10. Animals in the forest make alert (1) there must be (2) even the rustle of falling leaves. The outline of the house under construction (3) seemed (4) like a ship.

11. A new book by a famous publicist writer (1) might (2) be liked by you. The sun on a hot July day (3) seemed (4) yellow-red.

12. Sometimes a thought will come that (1) seems (2) true, but you are afraid to believe it. But then you see that that thought, which (3) may be (4) strange, is actually the simplest truth: once you know it, you can’t stop believing in it.

13. Here the sun touched (1) it seems (2) quiet water near the shore. The ocean (3) seems (4) asleep, quiet, not even the splashing of the waves is heard.

14. My brother (1) seems (2) to understand the importance of the upcoming events.

Sometimes our class (3) seems (4) to me like a big friendly family.

15. The July evening was wonderful, he (1) as if (2) threw a thin translucent fabric over everything. And the colors of the day (3) seemed (4) to fade slightly: the clouds slowly lost their reflections, the river surface turned pale.

16. The reduction in production will be carried out (1) in the opinion of our analytical department (2) in several stages, between which (3) it is possible (4) even some increase in business activity and an increase in output.