Basic adverbs of the English language. The use of adverbs: exceptional cases

Adverb- This is a part of speech that describes a sign of an action or quality. In most cases, an adverb defines a verb, but it can refer to an adjective or other adverb and indicate their features. For example:

Jack will come soon. Jack will be here soon.
He runs extreme fast. - He runs very fast.

Note that after the verbs to look(look), to smell(to sniff), to sound(sound), to taste(sample), to feel(to feel) is an adjective, not an adverb:

This soup smells delicious. This soup smells delicious.

Formation of adverbs

Adverbs in English are most often formed from adjectives and nouns using "-ly":

bad - badly (bad - bad)
quiet - quietly (calm - calmly)
loud - loudly (loud - loud)
part - partly (part - partially)
quick - quickly (quick - quickly)

When forming adverbs, it should be remembered that some changes may occur in the spelling of a word. You need to know the following rules and exceptions to them:

1. If the word ends in "-y", then change "y" on the "i": day - daily (day - daily).

Exceptions:

shy - shyly (shy - shyly)
coy - coyly (modest - modestly)
sly - slyly (cunning - cunning)

2. If the word ends in "-e", then we leave it: sure - surely (sure - for sure).

Exceptions:

whole - wholely (whole - entirely, completely)
true - truly (truth - truthful)
due - duly (properly - properly)

3. If the word ends in "-able" or "-ible", then the last "e" replace with "y": irritable - irritably (irritated - irritated).

4. If the word ends into a vowel + l, then when adding a suffix "ly» doubles "l": cheerful - cheerfully (cheerful - fun).

5. If a word ends in "-ic", then we replace "ic" on the "ically": optimistic - optimistically (optimistic - optimistic).

Exception: public - publicly (public - publicly).

6. Adjective good(good) forms an adverb well(well).

The use of adverbs

In addition to English adverbs, there are also many adjectives that end in "-ly". Adverbs cannot be formed from them. If necessary, an adverb similar in meaning or a whole phrase is used. For example:

Jill received me in a friendly way - Jill received me in a friendly way.

In English, there are also adjectives and adverbs that coincide in form: back(back), early(early), enough(enough), far(far), fast(fast), ill(bad), kindly(kindly) left(left), little(few), long(for a long time), low(low), still(quiet), straight(straight), well(good). Examples:

Kate went straight home. Katya went straight home.
It's a straight line. - It's a straight line.
The train goes fast. — The train is going fast.
This is a fast train. - It's a fast train.

Some adverbs have two forms and two meanings respectively:

deep (deep) - deeply (deep, to describe feelings)
direct (directly) - directly (directly)
hard (hard) - hardly (hardly)
high (high) - highly (very)
just (just now) - justly (fairly)
late (late) - lately (recently)
most (most) - mostly (mostly)
near (close) - nearly (almost)
pretty (enough) - prettily (attractive)
right (right) - rightly (correct)
short (short) - shortly (soon)
wrong (wrong) - wrongly (wrong)

It is important to remember all these meanings in order to use them correctly in the future when constructing sentences. Compare:

Tom lives quite near. Tom lives very close.
She has nearly forgotten about our meeting. She almost forgot about our meeting.

An adverb is a part of speech that denotes a sign of an action expressed by a verb, or a property expressed by an adjective or other adverb. An adverb can also indicate the circumstances under which an action occurs. Adverbs answer questions where? (where?), when? (when?), as well as how? (as?, how much?) with different words: how long? (how long?), how fast? (how fast?), etc.

An adverb can be formed by adding a suffix to a noun or adjective. -lu, for example: day (day) - dai ly(daily); quick (quick) - quick ly(fast).

having one form, for example: long - long, long; fast - fast, fast; late - late, late; early - early, early;
having two forms with the same meaning, for example: loud - loud, loud and loudly - loud; slow - slow, slowly and slowly - slowly;
having two forms with different meanings, for example: late - late, late and lately - for a long time; near - close, close and nearly - almost.

In English, as in Russian, different groups of adverbs are distinguished - adverbs of time, place, etc.

here - here, here
where - where, where
there - there, there
nowhere - nowhere

Example: My friend lives here (My friend lives here).

when - when
today - today
now - now
yesterday - yesterday
often - often
tomorrow - tomorrow
always - always
usually - usually

Example: Doesn't usually go to bed at ten o'clock (He usually goes to bed at 10 o'clock).

well - well
easily - easily
fast - quickly
loudly - loudly
quickly - quickly
together - together
slowly - slowly
strongly - strongly

Example: My friend speaks English well (My friend speaks English well).

little - few
very - very
a lot - a lot
too - too
many - a lot
quite - quite
much - a lot
enough - quite

Examples: Not reads a lot (He reads a lot); She eats too much (She eats too much).

Adverbs are often used as interrogative words and are placed at the beginning of an interrogative sentence. Questions that begin with interrogative words (adverbs and pronouns) are called special questions.

English dialects, like Russian ones, are invariable, but some of them form degrees of comparison; educational methods are the same. The degrees differ: positive, comparative, excellent, for example: fast (fast) - faster (faster) - fastest (fastest).

The comparative degree is formed in monosyllabic adverbs using the suffix -er more (more, more). The superlative degree is formed in monosyllabic adverbs using the suffix -est, in polysyllabic - with the help of an adverb most (most).

soon - soon er soon est
early-early er— earli est(early - early - early)
far-farth er— farth est(far - far - farthest)
often- more often- most often (often - more often - most often)
rarely- more rarely- most rarely (rarely - less often - least often)
easy- more easy- most easily (easily - easier - easiest)

well-better-best(good - best - best)
badly - worse - worst(bad - worse - worst)
many - more - most(a lot: about the number - more - most of all)
much - more - most(a lot: about mass and volume - more - most of all)
little-less-least(little: about quantity - less - least)

It is important to know! Do not confuse well(okay) and good(good), badly(bad) and bad(bad); they are different parts of speech: well and badly are adverbs, and good and bad are adjectives. However, they have the same degree of comparison.

In order to distinguish adverbs from adjectives in sentences, you need to remember: the adjective acts as a definition (what? - good), and the adverb is a circumstance (how? - good). In English, after the linking verb, there can be an adjective, but not an adverb, for example: The weather is nice (The weather is beautiful). Sometimes in Russian translation an adverb is used instead of an adjective, for example: It is bad (It's bad).

Adverbs can take different places in a sentence.
Adverbs of time(tomorrow, today, yesterday, etc.) are placed at the very end or at the very beginning, before the subject. For example: I saw him yesterday (I saw him yesterday). Tomorrow he will come to us (Tomorrow he will come to us).

Adverbs of frequency

after a linking verb (be) in a compound nominal predicate (Present and Past Simple), for example: Not is never late (He is never late);
right before the verb, if the predicate is a simple verb (Present and Past Simple), for example: Not often plays in the park (He often plays in the park);
between auxiliary and semantic verbs, if the predicate is a compound verb (Present Continuous), for example: She is always making tea (She always prepares tea).

Adverbs of degree(very, quite, too) are usually placed before the word they refer to. For example: I am very glad to see you (I am very glad / glad to see you). This test is too easy (This test is too easy).
It is important to know! Adverb too in the meaning "too, also" is placed at the end of the sentence, for example: She will go to school too (She will also go to school). Adverb also has the same meaning, but it does not have a permanent place in the sentence, and the rule that exists for adverbs of frequency applies to it, for example: She will also go to school.

Adverb refers to independent parts of speech, that is, independent. Let's take a closer look at this part of speech.

Let's get down to business!

What is an English adverb?

adverb ( adverb) is an independent and independent part of speech, indicating a sign of an action or various circumstances under which an action takes place.

The main questions of the adverb are the following: "how?" - " how?", "how?" - " in what way?", "where?" - " where?", "why? - " why?", "when?" - " when?", "in what degree?" - " to what degree?»

After reading this article, consolidate your knowledge of adverbs on the simulator TOP 100 adverbs in English.

All adverbs in English can be divided into two categories: by form and by meaning. The form of the adverb is:

simple ( simple): "now", "today" etc. (now, today, etc.);
derivatives ( derived). They are formed from quality adjectives, to which the suffix "-ly" is added: "usual" - "usually" (usually - usually);
complex ( compound): "sometimes" (sometimes);
composite ( composite): "at least" (finally).

Adverbs are divided into groups according to their meaning.

Table of the group of adverbs in English

Group	What question does it answer	Adverbs	Example
Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of manner	how? How?	slowly ready fast quickly carefully	He eats slowly. He eats slowly. She helped me ready. She helped me willingly. Batman drives his car fast. Batman drives his car fast.
Adverbs of Place Adverbs of place	Where? Where?	there at home everywhere outside	Granny told me to sit there. Grandma told me to sit there. I have looked for my cat everywhere. I looked everywhere for my cat. I left my car outside the yard. I left my car outside.
Adverbs of Time Adverbs of time	When? When?	yesterday now today tomorrow	He called me yesterday. He called me yesterday. She is reading newspaper now. She is reading the newspaper now. They will meet tomorrow morning. They will meet tomorrow morning.
Adverbs of Frequency Adverbs of frequency	How often? How often?	seldom once always often never sometimes	I visit him daily. I visit him daily. We seldom go to the theatre. We rarely go to the theatre. I often visit my family in another city. I often visit my family in another city.
Adverbs of Degree Adverbs of degree	How much? How much? To what degree? To what extent?	rather a bit very quite	I entirely agree with you. I fully agree with you. Lora is very beautiful. Laura is very beautiful. The film was quite interesting. The film was quite interesting.

How and when adverbs are used

Adverbs can describe:

actions: He is running quickly. - He runs fast.
sign: She is very witty. - She is very witty.
another adverbs: It's too late. - Too late.
of the whole offer: Honestly, we did a great job. “Honestly, we did a great job.

In addition, adverbs in English can connect separate sentences. These adverbs include: therefore», « then», « however», « still», « still», « yet», « besides», « more over», « otherwise», « else". Or even whole sentences (subordinate and main clause as part of a complex one: “ when», « where», « how», « why».

For example:

It was very hard to start my own business. I continued and never looked back.“Starting your own business was very difficult. However, I carried on and never looked back.

I don't care why you are late again.- I don't care why you're late again.

The adverbs "when", "where", "why", "how" can serve as a question word:

Where is that boy?- Where is this boy?
When did you come?- When did you come?

Adverbs can reflect the speaker's personal attitude to the topic of conversation, in which case they are called "point of view adverbs" ( viewpoint adverb).

Foolishly, I agreed to help him.- Foolishly, I agreed to help him.
Clearly, he is mistaken. It's obvious that he's wrong.
Actually, I share your opinion.- In general, I share your point of view.

Formation of adverbs in English

In English, most adverbs in English are formed by adding the ending "- ly". For example: "lone" - " lonely"(lonely - lonely), "slow" - " slowly» (slow - slowly)

Pay attention to some nuances:

If the word ends with "- y", then we change "-y" to "- i” and also add the ending “- ly". As a result, we get the ending "- ily". For example: "easy" - " easily"(easy - easy), "happy" - " happily"(happy - happily).

If a word ends in "-le", then "-le" is simply replaced with "-ly".
For example: "simple" - " simply"(simple - simple), "able" - " ably"(skillful - skillfully).

Exception words. Usually these are adverbs that answer questions: “ when?», « where?», « how many? For example: " late" - "late", " little" - "Little", " well" - "well", " far" - "far", " fast" - "fast".

Be careful, and if you are in doubt about a word, you can always check yourself by opening a dictionary.

Place of an adverb in an English sentence

The place of adverbs in sentences depends on the words that surround this adverb, and directly on its classification:

Adverbs of manner ( adverbs of manner) are placed before the main verb, after the auxiliary verb or at the end of the sentence.

He opened the door quietly. / He quietly opened the door. He quietly opened the door.
She is greatly respected by other colleagues. - She is highly respected by her colleagues.

Adverbs of degree ( adverbs of degree) will come before an adjective, adverb, or main verb, but after the auxiliary verb. These adverbs include: absolutely», « completely», « totally», « very», « quite», « rather", etc.

She is extremely beautiful. - She's extremely beautiful.
We almost finished this project. - We have almost finished this project.

Adverbs of frequency ( adverbs of frequency) it is customary to put before the main verb, but after the auxiliary ones, including "to be". These are adverbs such as always», « often», « usually», « rarely», « seldom».

I am always pleased to see you.- I'm always glad to see you.
He has always been cruel to her. He has always been cruel to her.

If we are talking about adverbs of place and time ( adverbs of place and time), then their usual location is at the end or beginning of a sentence. If adverbs of place and time occur simultaneously in a sentence, the adverb of place comes first. We put some monosyllabic words (soon, now, then) before the main verb, or after auxiliary ones (including “to be”).

I will call you tomorrow.- I'll call you tomorrow.
There is a supermarket nearby.- Nearby there is a supermarket.
I will soon let you know whether I want to move or not.- I'll let you know as soon as I want to move or not.

An adverb that defines the entire sentence as a whole is usually placed at the beginning or end of the sentence.

Unfortunately, I failed to cope with this work.“Unfortunately, I didn't get the job done.
I will be at work at 8 a.m. probably. I will probably be at work by eight in the morning.

But what if there are two or more adverbs in a sentence? We arrange them according to the following scheme: adverb of manner - adverb of place- adverb of time.

She has been reading a book intensely in her bed all day long. She has been reading carefully in her bed all day.

And if the sentence contains one of verbs of motion (go, come, leave, etc.)? In this case, the order would be: adverb of place - adverb of manner - adverb of time.

I was going there quickly yesterday.- I went quickly there yesterday.

flat adverbs

« flat adverbs", they are " bare adverbs" or adverbs without a grammatical indicator are adverbs whose form is the same as the corresponding adjectives. Some of them: " far», « fast», « fine», « hard», « high», « long», « low», « near», « quick», « slow», « straight"and so on.

Let's look at the most common examples:

Far(far). This is an adverb does not have forms " -ly».

You will go far in your career. You will go far in your career.

Fast(fast). Another adverb without the usual "-ly" equivalent: drive fast(drive fast).
Flat(exactly, decisively). Both forms are similar, but separate:

I was turned down flat.- I was categorically refused.
I flatly refused.- I was categorically refused.

Hard(strongly, firmly) This adverb and its "-ly" form are completely different in meaning:

He hit him hard.- He hit him hard.
He hardly hit him. He barely hit him.

kind(softly, kindly). "Kind" and "kindly" are slightly different in meaning:

Be kind. - Be kind/kind.

Think kindly of them.- Think kindly of them.

Quick(fast). This adverb is interchangeable with its "-ly" form: "come quick" and "come quickly" mean the same thing (come soon).
Smart(quickly, deftly). Has a form with "-ly". The meanings of the forms are slightly different.

Kids like to play smart now and choose transformers.- Today, children like to play smart and choose transformers.
He loves dressing smartly.- He likes to dress elegantly.

Slow(slowly). "Slow" and "slowly" are interchangeable: "drive slow" and "drive slowly" mean the same thing.

Degrees of comparison of adverbs in English

Depending on what we are comparing, we can distinguish 2 degrees of comparison:

1. Comparative- compare objects on a common basis. For example: He jumps higher than his sister.

2. excellent- we compare objects in order to identify the object with the most pronounced feature. For example: He jumps the highest.

To form comparative and excellent the degree of comparison of adverbs with the suffix "- ly", necessary add the words « more» ( less) or " most» ( least), which are translated as more/less and most/least, to the positive degree of the given word. For example: open-more/ less open- most/ least openly (open - more / less open - most / least open).

Monosyllabic adverbs like " fast», « soon" etc. form degrees of comparison, like the corresponding adjectives, that is, with the help of the suffixes "- er» / «- est»:
soon - sooner - soonest(soon).

In a separate number of adverbs in general no degree comparisons. These include " before», « here», « very" other.

And there is also a group of formation of adverbs in English, which are an exception, since they form degrees of comparison not according to the rules. They need to be taught:

far - farther - farthest(far);
far - further - furthest(far);
badly - worse - worst(bad);
little - less - least(few);
much - more - most(lot);
well - better - best(well).

Conclusion

Adverbs in English are independent and independent parts of speech that determine the nature of the course of an action. The form is divided into 4 groups: simple, derivatives, complex and composite. By value they are divided into: adverbs of image actions, adverbs of place, adverbs of time in english, adverbs of frequency in English and adverbs of degree. Adverbs are formed by adding the suffix " -ly» to an adjective, but there are also forms that need to be remembered. Adverbs can appear at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence, and have comparative and superlative degrees, just like adjectives.

We hope this article has dispelled all your doubts in this topic. Good luck in your studies and clear English to you.

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Here you can find the adverb in English / English Adverb / English Adverb.

ADVERB

In English, as in Russian, an adverb is a part of speech that denotes a sign of an action, state or quality.

According to their structure, adverbs are divided into:

1. Simple, consisting of only one root:

now - now
well - well
there - there

2. Derivatives, which include suffixes and prefixes:

orally - orally
indeed - indeed
uphill - uphill

3. Complex, consisting of several roots:

anyhow (any + how) - in any case, no way
everywhere (every + where) - everywhere

4. Compound, consisting of several words:

by all means - necessarily
for ever - forever
in a friendly way - friendly
as far as - as far as possible

According to their meaning, adverbs are divided into:

1. Adverbs of time (these include adverbs of definite and indefinite time):

today - today
soon - soon
since - since
already - already
never - never

2. Adverbs of manner of action:

slowly - slowly
often - often

3. Adverbs of place:

inside - inside
here - here

4. Adverbs of measure and degree:

much - a lot
very - very

5. Interrogative adverbs:

how - how
when - when

In a sentence, adverbs most often perform the function of an adverb:

It is never too late to learn. (time circumstance)
It's never too late to learn.

COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADVERBS

Some adverbs of manner and tense have comparative and superlative degrees of comparison.

The degrees of comparison of one-syllable adverbs are formed in the same way as the degrees of comparison of one-syllable adjectives, that is, by adding the suffix -er in the comparative degree and the suffix -est in the superlative degree to the basis of the adverb:

late - late - later - latest
fast - faster - fastest

The degrees of comparison of polysyllabic adverbs are formed in the same way as the degrees of comparison of polysyllabic adjectives, that is, with the help of the words more in the comparative degree and most in the superlative degree:

necessarily - necessary - more necessarily - most necessarily
carefully - carefully - more carefully - most carefully

From some adverbs, degrees of comparison are formed by changing the root vowel or stem of the word.

They need to be remembered:

well - well better - better best - best of all
badly - bad worse - worse worst - worst of all
little - little less - less, less least - the least
much - a lot more - more, more most - most, most of all
far - far further / farther - further furthest / farthest - farthest

Hello my dear readers.

Adverbs in English are quite an interesting phenomenon of speech, have you ever thought? Probably, only in nouns there are so many exceptions. But don’t worry, today we will put everything on the shelves so carefully that you will never have doubts about the correct use of this part of speech. I will give you the rules of use, show you the most commonly used words and even give you a list of them with translation.

What it is?

Adverbs are words that usually describe verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or even a whole sentence.

Little clear? Well, let's figure it out.

These are such small words that most often end in – ly. For example, quick ly - fast . Most schoolchildren define them by this ending. But do not rely only on this, because there are adverbs that you just don’t recognize. For example, well- well .

In general, the rules of use can be described as follows:

Adverbs can describe how an action occurs:

They were driving slowly due to the traffic. -From— behind traffic jams they were driving slowly.

We walked in carefully. - We carefully come in inside.

Can indicate a place - adverbs of place:

There was his phone. - There was his phone.

I am absolutely sure you left your book somewhere in the library. -I absolutely sure, what you left book where— then in library.

They can even denote time - adverbs of time:

They are going to the country side today. - They are are going in village today.

We are leaving for the meeting tomorrow. - We we are leaving on the negotiation tomorrow.

And they can even express frequency - the so-called adverbs of frequency:

She visits her grandmother not often enough. -She is not enough often visits grandmother.

They usually go to the Caribbean twice a year.- They are usually drive on the Caribs twice in year.

The place in the sentence depends on the part of speech to which the adverb refers.. For example:

Jane often goes to the swimming pool. Jane often goes to the pool.(before the verb)

He was driving very carefully. - He led car very carefully. (after verb)

Formation of adverbs

The question “how adverbs are formed” is very interesting, because everything is not so simple here. To make it easier for you to remember - I have a table for you, after which the formation of adverbs will no longer be a problem for you.

As I said, the beacon by which you can determine the adverb is the ending –ly. Adverb suffixes are constant in their usage, so catch the detailed rule.

rule	Example
adjective + - ly	careful - careful ly, soft - soft ly
If the adjective ends in consonant+y - change to – ily	cos y- coz ily, heavy y- heavy ily
Adjectives in – ic- added — ally	dramat ic- dramatic ally, trag ic- tragic ally BUT: public - public cly.
adjective ends with – le- change it to – ly	horrib le- horrib ly,probab le-probab ly
Adjectives in – e- add — ly	scarc e- scarce ly BUT: whole - wholly, true - truly

Often they take their roots from adjectives. Yes, it is education from that makes them so simple. We just add a suffix - and voila - the adverb is ready.

Happy - happy -Happily - happily.

Cheap - cheap -Cheaply - cheap

Comfortable - convenient -Comfortably - conveniently

But be very careful, because there are adjectives that, with the addition of an ending – ly can completely change their meaning. Let's look at examples.

Exceptions

Adverb	Example
Easy- slowly and softly Easily- without difficulty	She was dancing *easy* . - She danced slowly. She won the competition *easily* . - She won the competition without difficulty.
Free- for free Freely- willingly	You can enter the Museum *free* if you have a loyalty card. - You can enter the museum for free if you have a loyalty card. She followed him *freely* . - She willingly followed him.
Hard- hard, hard Hardly- hardly	He was working *hard* to get this promotion. - He worked hard to get that promotion. . There is *hardly* any sugar left. - There was hardly any sugar left.
high- high Highly- very much	They were flying too high. - They flew too high. He was a highly* respected project manager.*- He was a deeply respected project manager.
Last- last Lastly- finally	He was the last* to know everything.- He was the last one to know about everything. Lastly* they managed to hand in the project. - Finally, they were able to submit the project.
late- late Lately- recently	He came home late* at night.- He returned home late at night. He called me lately to know if I had his folder with contracts. -* He called recently to see if I had his contracts folder.
near- near Nearly- almost	There is a market near* the house.- There is a market near the house. Nearly* all the employees signed the document.- Almost all employees signed the document .

Remember all exceptions? Remember, because you will meet them in every test and exercise.

And yet, I promised you to divide everything into groups. Adverbs of time, adverbs of degree ... - everything is in this table.

Types of adverbs

Place:	*There* - there Here - here Inside - inside Above - above Somewhere - somewhere	They moved *somewhere* . - They have moved somewhere. She left her pursue *inside* the house. - She left her handbag inside the house.
Time :	*Now* - now Then - then Tomorrow - tomorrow Today - today Recently - recently Never - never Always - always Usually - usually Seldom - rarely	We bought a new refrigerator *recently* . - We recently bought a new refrigerator . She says she *never* tells lies. - She claims to never lie . He usually* leaves the work the last one. -* He is usually the last one to leave.
Measure and degree :	Hardly - hardly Much - lot Little - few Enough - enough Too - too much	The teacher said that there were not enough* arguments in my essay.*- The teacher said that my essay did not have enough arguments.
Modus operandi:	Well - well Fast - fast	He was running fast* to become the first in the competition. -* He ran fast to be first in the competition.

Of course, it is simply impossible to fit everything I know about this part of speech into one lesson. Therefore, I have prepared a whole series of lessons for you. In other articles, you can read about, and even to consolidate your knowledge.

Yes, my good, adverbs are not the most difficult section, but still you should pay your attention to it. Using them will make your speech incredibly lively, and sentences with adverbs will make written speech deeper. So don't neglect them.

Well, my dears, it's time to say goodbye. Remember that in order to learn a language quickly and effectively, you just need to subscribe to the newsletter from the blog. I regularly share useful materials and tips from personal experience with blog subscribers. Stay up to date as well.

And that's all for today.

Until we meet again, my dears.

Formation of adverbs

The use of adverbs

What is an English adverb?

How and when adverbs are used

Formation of adverbs in English

Place of an adverb in an English sentence

flat adverbs

Degrees of comparison of adverbs in English

Conclusion

ADVERB

COMPARATIVE DEGREES OF ADVERBS

What it is?

Formation of adverbs

Exceptions

Types of adverbs

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