Paper and rubber, glass and metal. Biathlon targets have come a long way in evolution.

Hit or not hit?

As we have already noted, at first biathlon experienced a strong militaristic influence, so the first paper targets were made in the form of a silhouette of a person with a circle in the middle. For missing the silhouette, the athlete received a two-minute penalty, missing the circle was punishable by one minute. The targets were set before the start of the competition, and then they took readings for a long time and argued when they hit the mark. The visibility of such competitions was out of the question, and coaches and athletes did not find out the result immediately after the race.

In the mid-60s, they found a solution to this problem. Inflated rubber balls began to be placed in a wooden installation, which was visible to both the spectators and the athlete. They were arranged in the form of a five on a dice or domino. But at the same time, the error increased. Hundreds of volunteers inflated these balloons in the morning before the start. They did it with varying degrees of strength and responsibility. In addition, in the cold, the shape of the ball could be so stable that it remained even after an exact hit in the middle. Some organizers used football cameras, but this did not always save them. There were also reverse cases, when two nearby targets could be hit by a ricochet. It turned out too late, when the winner was already named, and the awards were distributed.

They were replaced by glass targets, which were developed in the Soviet Union in 1974. For standing shooting, they were made with a diameter of 30 centimeters, for prone - 10. When they hit, they cracked, but did not scatter to smithereens, however, transportation was difficult here, and they also could not boast of absolute reliability. A fundamentally new solution was needed.

Metal is better than glass and paper

This decision came with the transition to a small caliber and shooting from 50 meters. One of the ideologists of the small-caliber revolution, Austrian Josef Deflorian, contributed to the development of a modern system of self-closing metal targets. The first metal installations were manual, and at the end of the shooting they had to be reloaded by the judge. Many old complexes still have such installations, however, since the mid-90s, high-level international competitions have been held on automatic installations, which are automatically reloaded a few seconds after the end of the shooting.

The first such installation in 197 was presented by the Finnish company Kurvinen. Since then, only technical nuances have changed in the target, but the target set is invariably a white-painted metal structure with five black round targets that close when hit. The diameter of the circle is 115 mm, and for prone shooting an inner circle with a radius of 45 mm is used.

The width of the entire installation with five targets should be at least 117 and not more than 135 cm, and the height should be 31-31 cm. The distance between the centers of adjacent targets should be the same - from 215 to 260 mm. It is believed that when hitting the target, the target will definitely close if the impact force is 80 percent of the standard, with a force of 20-80 percent, different options are possible. At present, the installations of the German company Hora and the Finnish company Kurvinen are the most popular. The first one has recently gained great popularity, provides ample opportunities for the analysis of shooting and is based on the principle of pressure. The second one works on the basis of touch sensors and is considered more reliable.

Help for coaches and curiosities

The creation of German targets HORA 2000 E made it possible to eliminate the influence of any external factors on the result and achieve maximum accuracy. If 50 percent of the bullet hits the target, it will close. The signal in the target is recorded on the processors and instantly transmits information to the TV screen and to the special SIWIDATA software product. However, even if the target does not close, there is an opportunity to restore justice.

Modern electronic targets provide a lot of statistical information - for example, the time to shoot in general and the interval between shots and the time to prepare. Thanks to Hora analysis, coaches get detailed statistical analysis for each shooting and willingly experiment with rate of fire in the training process. It is no coincidence that the average time to pass a firing line over the past two decades has decreased from 40 to 25 seconds.

At the World Championships in Ruhpolding in 2012, when Ole Einar Bjoerndalen hit the target with the last shot, but it did not close, he was forced to go to the penalty loop. The Norwegian team finished second in the end, but by the decision of the jury received a deduction of the penalty lap time and was declared the winner retroactively, as the error was due to the fault of the technique. Now the spectators of the World Championship - 2015 can be sure that no one will deceive them - the target will not close itself, and an accurate shot will not be left without attention.

"It's not a mistake.

Apparently, at school, the journalist not only “truanted” mathematics lessons, but also did not prepare for essays “in Russian”.

The article contains a reference to 1974: “For standing shooting, they were made with a diameter of 30 centimeters, for prone - 10.”
If my memory serves me right, in the “combat” the diameter of the “lying” is 125 mm, the “stand” is 375 mm (370?). Targets are paper. And this diameter is “without penalty”, because there was also a diameter “for a minute”, and beyond it - “even in the air”; "2 minutes". Balls and plates were only for relay races and (for the last few years of "combat" weapons) for sprints.

"Missed" info about graphite cymbals (same as for clay target shooting).

Conclusion: the author did not prepare an article, but "issued" to the "masses" "ringing, but he does not know where he is."
Well, and “having tapped on the keys”: “If 50 percent of the bullet hits the target, then it will close.”; in general, - a masterpiece (with "physics" at school, apparently, it was - so-so).
Journalist, have you heard anything about “dimensions”?

"Now the spectators of the World Championship - 2015 can be sure that no one will deceive them - the target will not close by itself, and an accurate shot will not be left without attention." - no, curiosities - were, are and will be. smilepost.ru myfresh.tv

I remember in 1970 in Cheboksary there were biathlon competitions in the Volga region among the youths of the Dynamo society, then we shot at targets where dark-colored inflated balls were inserted into the holes (the usual ones that we went to demonstrations with), and I had a curious case, when the bullet hit the gauge, the whole ball just flew out of the hole and rolled through the snow, picked up by the wind. The hit counted and then I won the race. Now biathlon has become much more watchable, the output on SIVIDATU, on the big screen, there are many video cameras installed along the track. In those years, as I remember, along the highway (somewhere in the bushes) soldiers-radio operators sat with large R-104 walkie-talkies and transmitted the passage of the participants through the microphone to the judicial team. Now it all becomes somehow even funny, but at that time such was electronics.
About the target diameter: it’s time to remember, Guberniev reminds of this in almost every race!

On the bed diameter 45, on the counter 115. Diameter!

Well, the person made a mistake - he's a journalist, don't kick too hard. But the letters are all correct and even. And the diameter or radius for it is the same.

Gorokh Dmitry, of course, the diameter of the prone target is 45 mm, not the radius. championat.com is not very attentive, or rather its correspondents))

"The diameter of the circle is 115 mm, and for prone shooting, an inner circle with a radius of 45 mm is used."
Ie on the bench diameter 90, on the counter 115? something a little different

On the eve of the start of the 2010 Games in Vancouver Sportbox.ru found answers to nine naive questions about one of the most popular winter sports - biathlon.

1) What are the targets made of, what diameter are they and how many meters are they from the shooting area?

In modern biathlon, two types of targets are used - metal (during competitions) and paper (for zeroing weapons before the start). It is curious that initially the targets were exclusively paper. And at the first official competitions, a silhouette was generally used, in the center of which a circle was drawn with a diameter of 250 mm (when shooting prone) or 350 mm (when shooting standing). If the athlete did not get into the circle, then he received a minute as a penalty, and for a miss on the silhouette - two. It was very difficult to keep count at that time, and often the final results of the shooting were determined only after the finish.

It is clear that the system was imperfect and regularly led to conflicts of interest. Therefore, the idea with the silhouette did not take root, the organizers of the competition began to experiment. Initially, it was proposed to shoot at rubber cameras stretched behind a metal shield. Soviet science went further: there was an attempt to make glass targets. So, in 1974, the Saratov glass factory launched the production of special glasses. Their peculiarity was that when a bullet hit them, they did not crumble into fragments, but flowed down, as if they had been melted. However, this idea was also doomed to failure - the glass often broke during transportation.

Targets are currently 45mm for prone and 115mm for standing. Shooting is carried out from a distance of 50 m.

2) How do you determine the time at the control marks?

Before the start, special electronic sensors are attached to each biathlete's legs. You cannot refuse this procedure. It is thanks to these sensors that in real time it is always possible to track the speed with which each athlete moves along the track. The sensors react every time a biathlete passes one of the control lines.

3) How much does the rifle weigh and what bullets do the athletes use?

In modern biathlon, weapons and ammunition are not considered separately, but as a whole. The result of shooting depends not only on the accuracy of the athlete and the manufacturer of the rifle, but also on the quality of the cartridges. So, in biathlon, 5.6 mm caliber rimfire cartridges are used. They were invented in 1888 and they received the name "22 Long Rifle", which means "long rifle .22 caliber", although later these cartridges were used in pistol shooting. International athletes usually spend a lot of time pre-firing different brands of cartridges. To date, the best are English Tenex, P-50 for Anschutz rifles, which are produced by the German company Dynamite-Nobel, and Russian-made Olympus cartridges. On average, a professional biathlete shoots up to 1200 rounds per month.

The biathletes have a small-caliber rifle, designed specifically for this sport. It weighs no more than 3.5 kg. The clip is designed for five rounds. And the speed of a bullet fired from such a weapon reaches 380 meters per second.

4) What is the punishment for an athlete if he does not shoot at his target or confuses prone with standing?

The story of the Belarusian athlete Darya Domracheva, who embarrassed herself in the German Oberhof for the second year in a row, is known to all biathlon fans. In the 2009/2010 season, in the mass start, the hope of all Belarus fired three shots at someone else's target, depriving itself of a chance to win. And a year ago, in the prone position, Domracheva suddenly started shooting at targets while standing.

However, such situations in biathlon are not uncommon. At one time, other people's targets were also shot by Russian biathletes Anfisa Reztsova and Natalya Guseva. The second, to match Domracheva, was embarrassed in this way twice. There is an opinion that such mistakes come from an overflowing desire to win. After all, Domracheva, and Reztsova, and Guseva were wrong when they arrived at the shooting range first.

According to the rules of the International Biathlon Union, as a punishment for shooting at someone else's target, a miss is recorded for an athlete, as if he shot correctly and simply missed. So, Domracheva in Oberhof-2010 caught on and after three shots at someone else's target, she hit two of her own. But the punishment for shooting from the wrong position (“standing” instead of “prone” or vice versa) is much tougher - disqualification.

5) What happens if an athlete starts shooting not from his mat?

Official rules state that it is forbidden not only to shoot from someone else's mat, but also to stumble and leave your own if the rifle is not put on the shoulders. Surprisingly, the observance of this rule is monitored quite strictly, and the organizers sometimes mercilessly punish even eminent athletes. So, the Norwegian Halvard Hanevold once accidentally dropped a cartridge and, trying to pick it up, got off the mat, for which he was immediately disqualified.

A much more curious case occurred with the American Jay Hakkinen. In one of the races, he made five misses and was so upset that when he got up from the mat, he forgot the sticks. Returning for inventory, Hakkinen dropped his gloves. I had to go back for them. The referee already wanted to disqualify the absent-minded athlete, but Hakkinen removed a heavy burden from the referee's soul, throwing off his skis in a fit of rage and completing the race.

6) What should I do if my rifle breaks during the race?

This happened to the Russian team at the 2008 World Championships in Östersund, when Albina Akhatova, who was running the second stage in the relay, jammed her rifle in the first prone. While the weapons were being changed, the Russian team lost a lot of time and, as a result, fell short of the podium. Nevertheless, such cases are from the category of force majeure, because before the start the rifle is checked not only by the athlete himself, but also by a special team. Particular attention is paid to the trigger pull, which should not exceed 500 grams.

According to the regulations, each athlete, in addition to the main one, has two more spare rifles. In the event of a weapon breakdown at a distance, it can only be changed at the shooting range, and only one of the representatives of his team can hand it over to the athlete. Those who break this rule will be disqualified.

Interestingly, if a biathlete loses a clip or sight during a race, this is not fatal. The main thing is to bring the barrel and trigger to the finish line, otherwise the result will be canceled. So, the Belarusian Ekaterina Ivanova's rifle once just fell apart, and she had to grab the parts in an armful and drag them to the finish line.

7) What punishment threatens an athlete if he forgot or did not want to drive a penalty loop at all?

Such a curiosity happened to the Russian biathlete Nikolai Kruglov. While shooting from a standing position, he made two misses, but was so carried away by the pursuit of the Frenchman Vincent Defran that he forgot to drive the second penalty loop and thanks to this he was ahead of the Frenchman at the finish line, becoming third in the pursuit. For this, two penalty minutes were added to the time of Kruglov, because of which he lost his place on the podium.

8) What is the punishment to threaten the athlete if he "cut" the distance?

An unpleasant story at the 2009 World Championships still does not allow Russian biathlon fans to sleep peacefully. Norwegian Ole Einar Bjoerndalen cut the distance by ten meters in the pursuit race, for which a special commission deprived him of gold and awarded the victory to Maxim Chudov. However, the Norwegian team filed an appeal, and, to the surprise of many, the already long list of Bjoerndalen's awards was replenished with another gold medal. The decision really turned out to be blatantly unfair - according to the regulations, any violation during the passage of the track, which allows you to gain time, should be disqualified. At the same time, for many Russian fans, not the members of the commission, but Bjoerndalen, who did not share the award with Chudov, contrary to the fair play principle, became persona non grata.

9) What is the punishment for a slow-moving biathlete who refuses to let a faster-footed athlete who is not his direct competitor pass?

In motorsport, this is called overtaking round robins, but in biathlon such situations often arise in time trial races. According to the new rules of the road, the driver must give way to the pedestrian, but in practice this does not always happen. In such cases, negligent motorists should be fined. The same is true in biathlon. Failure to let a faster colleague pass is punishable by a penalty minute. So it is difficult to understand whether most biathletes are really so well-mannered that they always give way, or simply fear severe punishment.

Tatyana Pomelnikova, Sportbox.ru

news.sportbox.ru

Shooting range, shooting range in biathlon: all information

The shooting range - some biathletes call it the most difficult test in biathlon, especially when it comes to the last shooting. In classical biathlon, shooting occurs from two positions: lying and standing. They require different preparation. The target diameter also differs significantly. For example, when shooting prone, a biathlete must hit 45mm targets. On the rack, their diameter increases almost three times - up to 115 mm.

Biathletes shoot from a distance of 50 meters. In other types of biathlon, it may differ. For example, in training, shooting, athletes can shoot from a location closer to the targets. In archery biathlon, the distance to the targets is 18 meters.

Each firing line has its own characteristics. They depend on which stadium the shooting range is located in. In some stadiums, for example, there is almost always a strong wind that also changes its direction. At other shooting ranges, it is mostly always calm. Biathletes shoot differently in such conditions. Even the absence of wind does not mean that everyone will be able to cope with the shooting.

Weather conditions can also make their own adjustments. Heavy snowfall, rain, fog - this and much more impairs the visibility of targets. Practice shows that in such conditions everything can turn upside down.

Standing shooting is considered slightly more difficult in biathlon compared to prone shooting. On average, the percentage of hits on the rack fluctuates around 75-85 percent. Some snipers are over 90%. On the prone, the percentage of accuracy is on average slightly higher, although this does not apply to all biathletes. In the prone position, the athlete can minimize the range of motion of the arms and rifle and hit even a small hole.

A lot depends on the work on the firing line. As a rule, only the most important favorites can afford a couple of misses, while the rest have to shoot cleanly or get by with a minimal penalty to succeed.

alvin-almazov.ru

Biathlon shooting range - WiKi

The biathlon shooting range is divided into shooting corridors, each 2.5-3 m wide. Target installations were installed 50 meters from the line of fire. Shooting corridors and target installations are numbered from right to left, starting from 1. Shooting mats are laid on the firing line, from which shooting is carried out.

For shooting, rifles with a minimum weight of 3.5 kg are used, which are on the back of the biathlete during the race. It is forbidden to use automatic and self-loading weapons. The trigger pull must be at least 500 g. The rifle scope must not have the effect of magnifying the target. The caliber of the cartridges is 5.6 mm (until 1977 - 7.62 mm; 6.5 mm rifles were also used). The speed of a bullet when fired at a distance of 1 m from the muzzle must not exceed 380 m/s.

At the shooting range, the distance to the targets is 50 meters (until 1977 - 100 meters). Targets used in competitions are traditionally black, in the amount of five pieces. As they hit, the targets are closed with a white valve, which allows the biathlete to immediately see the result of his shooting. Sighting before the competition is carried out on paper targets, similar to those used in bullet shooting. The diameter of the targets (more precisely, the zone in which the hit is counted) when shooting from a prone position is 45 mm, and from a standing position - 115 mm. In all types of races, with the exception of the relay race, the biathlete has five shots at each firing line. In the relay, you can use additional cartridges, manually loaded, in the amount of 3 pieces for each firing line. When it hits the target, the electronic system closes it with a white disk. Misses are penalized by adding penalty minutes to the total time of the athlete (individual race) or by 150m penalty loops (in all others).

en-wiki.org

ABOUT BIATHLON

Biathlon is a Winter Olympic sport that combines cross-country skiing with rifle shooting. Biathlon is most popular in Germany, Russia, Norway and Sweden. From 1993 to the present, official international biathlon competitions, including the World Cup and World Championships, have been held under the auspices of the International Biathlon Union.

In biathlon, athletes compete at distances from 5 to 20 kilometers, stopping two to four times at the shooting range. The length of the track and the number of approaches to the shooting range depends on the class of competition and the age of the participants.

The distance to the targets at the firing line is 50 meters (until 1977 - 100 meters). The number of targets is 5. The athlete's task is to close all 5 targets with five shots. The exception is the relay race, in which the biathlete has the right to three additional shots. Shooting is carried out from two positions - lying and standing. As they hit, the targets are closed with a white valve, which allows the biathlete to immediately see the result of his shooting. Sighting before the competition is carried out on paper targets, similar to those used in bullet shooting. Each target is a black circle in the recess of the plate, 115 mm in diameter. When shooting while standing, a hit in any zone of the circle is counted, and when shooting lying down - only in a black circle with a diameter of 45 mm, the center of which coincides with the center of the circle 115 mm. The stopwatch is not stopped during the shooting.

In the individual race, the penalty for each miss is one additional minute to the net time. In other competitions, for each miss, the athlete immediately after shooting must drive one penalty loop of 150 meters (for boys and girls, the penalty loop is 100 meters).

During the individual race and the sprint, athletes start one after the other with an interval of 30 seconds. In the pursuit race, the interval depends on the results shown in the qualifying heats. In the mass start, athletes start at the same time.

In the relay race, the athletes starting under the first numbers in their teams start the race at the same time and then pass the baton by touch in a designated area.

During the course of the race, the athletes independently choose the rack at the shooting range, count the misses and the number of penalty loops.

Biathlon uses a free style of skiing. The length of the skis depends on the athlete's height - they must not be shorter than the athlete's height minus 4 cm, the maximum length is not limited. The minimum width of the skis is 40 mm, the weight is at least 750 grams. Regular skis and ski poles for cross-country skiing are used (the length of the poles should not exceed the height of the athlete; poles of variable length and boosting push are not allowed).

At official biathlon competitions, all athletes are divided into three classes: "men and women"; “juniors and juniors”; “boys and girls” (the category “boys and girls” is divided into senior (18-19 years old) and middle (16-17 years old). Biathletes and biathletes who, until December 31 of the year in which the biathlon began season, turned 21, are referred to as "men" and "women", and are only eligible to compete in the senior competitions of that season. Persons who have reached the age of 19 before the above date are referred to as "juniors" and "juniors". They are eligible to compete both in junior and junior competitions and in senior competitions.Persons under the above ages are referred to as "boys" and "girls".

www.flgb.ru

Biathlon - Rules and equipment

February 03, 2011

Mass start at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin

Biathlon uses a free style of skiing. The length of the skis depends on the athlete's height - they should not be shorter than the athlete's height minus 4 cm, the maximum length is not limited. The minimum width of the skis is 40 mm, the weight is at least 750 grams. Regular skis and cross country ski poles are used.

For shooting, rifles with a minimum weight of 3.5 kg are used, which are transported on the back during the race. Automatic and semi-automatic weapons are prohibited. When releasing the hook, the index finger must overcome a force of at least 500 g. The sight of the rifle is not allowed to have the effect of increasing the target, instead a ring front sight and a diopter sight are used, which must be combined with the black circle of the target when shooting. The caliber of cartridges is 5.6 mm. The speed of a bullet when fired at a distance of 1 m from the muzzle must not exceed 380 m/s.

At the shooting range, the distance to the targets is 50 meters. Targets used in competitions are traditionally black, in the amount of five pieces on one white plate. As they hit, the targets are closed with a white valve, which allows the biathlete to immediately see the result of his shooting. Sighting before the competition is carried out on paper targets, similar to those used in bullet shooting. Each target is a black circle in the recess of the plate, 115 mm in diameter. When shooting while standing, a hit in any zone of the circle is counted, and when shooting while lying, only a black circle with a diameter of 45 mm, the center of which coincides with the center of the circle 115 mm, is counted. It is possible for a bullet to ricochet into a circle when it hits the edge of the plate, then a hit is also counted. In biathlon jargon, in this case, they say “passed the clearance”. In all types of races, with the exception of the relay race, the biathlete has five shots at each firing line. In the relay, you can use additional cartridges, manually loaded, in the amount of 3 pieces for each firing line.

The most common are the German Anschutz rifles and the Russian Biathlon. Rolling up to the firing line, the athlete usually performs the following actions:

• snaps off the protective cover of the bore and front sight of the rifle
• puts ski poles on the ground
• without removing the skis, stands on a special rug. Some athletes, based on weather conditions, when shooting from a standing position, due to the possible formation of a sliding surface on the mat or strong wind, step on some sticks with some part of the ski, thereby increasing the stability of the posture.
• takes the rifle off his shoulders
• removes the magazine from the cassette located in the butt of the stock or on the side of the barrel and inserts it into the magazine window of the rifle
• snaps off the protective cover of the diopter sight
• attaches the shooting sling on the rifle to the loop on the arm
• points the rifle at his targets, checking by number that they are not strangers
• looks at the wind flags and, in case of strong wind, adjusts the sight calibrators
• shoots at targets, after each shot manually reloading the rifle using the reloading handle

www.iblandt.ru

Biathlon | History of biathlon | Rules and types of biathlon

David's Blog.org 06/24/2016

Winter sports

Winter sports

Biathlon is quite an interesting and popular sport that has its fans all over the world. Biathlon competitions are subject to special rules and have a lot of nuances that may vary depending on the type of competition. Biathlon is not just a spectacular race, but also a real test for the athletes themselves.

Winter sports enthusiasts consider biathlon to be the undisputed leader in terms of the number of fans. There are a huge number of its classifications, each of them has its own advantages. An integral attribute of these competitions is the test of accuracy in shooting from a sporting rifle or bow. Biathlon is quite popular among both males and females. Biathlon competitions are common in Russia and throughout Europe. What is the secret of the popularity of this sport? Let's figure it out and find out what biathlon is.

History of biathlon

Biathlon and its history. As a predecessor of biathlon, it is customary to consider the competition of hunters, which were first held in the early 18th century. It is worth noting that ski hunting originated many centuries ago among the inhabitants of the Far North and only over time became fairly widespread. Despite the fact that such competitions were quite popular, they were not considered as a separate sport for a long time. However, already in 1924, at the first Winter Olympic Games, the first demonstration competition was held, which was called the “race of military patrols”.

In 1948, after the end of World War II, military patrol competitions were completely removed from the display list. This was due to the pacifist attitude of people and the desire to completely abandon the use of weapons, even in sports games. And only in 1954 biathlon was recognized as a sport and included in the list of the Olympic Games.

Until 1992, biathlon was officially included in the list of pentathlon, and on July 2, 1993, it was decided to consider this sport as completely independent. At the same time, the International Biathlon Council was born, and the competitions themselves were divided into several subspecies, including summer biathlon, which later became a separate sport.

biathlon rules

Despite the fact that there are several varieties of biathlon, the rules that apply to each of them are generally of a general nature.

Competitors start at the command of the judge. Moreover, depending on the type of competition, the start can take place either simultaneously or with a certain interval, which ranges from 10 to 30 seconds. Each athlete goes a certain distance and must hit five targets. In the event that an athlete misses, a penalty is provided for him. This can be either an additional lap with a certain distance, or a penalty time. It is worth noting that every second is precious for biathlon, and if an athlete misses, then his chances of taking a leading position are rapidly fading.

Despite the fact that over time the rules for biathlon have undergone significant changes and become a little less strict, nevertheless, we can single out the main requirements for holding races that have remained unchanged to this day:

• Competitors are strictly prohibited from shooting at enemy targets. In case of violation of this rule, the hit is not counted, and penalties are attached to the athlete.
• Participants do not have the right to interfere with each other, hinder or exert any other influence that may negatively affect the result of the opponent.
• Athletes do not have the right to ignore penalties or any other punishment of judges, otherwise violators will be disqualified.

In addition, the rules may vary slightly depending on the type of competition.

If earlier in biathlon the distance to the targets was 100 meters, then today it has been reduced to 50. The targets themselves are painted black, which makes them more visible, and after hitting the target, they automatically close, which allows the athlete to immediately evaluate their result . Each athlete is entitled to 5 shots and 3 additional cartridges.

Types of biathlon

Modern biathlon is divided into 7 types.

Individual race - is considered a classic form of biathlon. In this case, the length of the distance is 20 kilometers for men and 15 for women. The start of each biathlete takes place with an interval of 1 minute. As for the place on the shooting range, in this case, each athlete chooses it individually, while the first and third shots must be fired from a prone position, and the second and fourth - standing. If the athlete misses, then a penalty of 1 minute is charged by his main time.

Relay - is a team competition. Each team consists of four people, each of whom has a distance of 7.5 kilometers, for women this distance is 6 kilometers. The biathlete must fire 2 shots, one from the prone position and the second from the standing position. In this case, the place on the shooting range is occupied based on the serial number of the participant. If the athlete misses, then as a penalty, he must overcome an additional 150 meters.

The mixed relay is a competition among teams from different countries, where each team consists of four people and includes both men and women. There are two shots for each person, and the distance depends on the gender of the participant and ranges from 7.5 kilometers to 6 kilometers. If the target was not closed during the shot, then the missing relay participant must overcome an additional circle of 150 meters.

The single mixed relay is a competition that has appeared quite recently. In this case, the team of athletes consists of only two people - a man and a woman. The essence of this competition differs little from all of the above types of relay races. If an athlete breaks the rules or shoots off the target, a penalty sanction is attached to him, namely, passing an additional circle of 150 meters.

Sprint - in this type of biathlon, each athlete must overcome a relatively small section of the path. In this case, the start of each subsequent biathlete takes place with an interval of 30 seconds. The athlete can independently choose a place on the shooting range, and in case of a miss, he must overcome an additional distance, which is 150 meters.

Pursuit race - usually participants in this type of biathlon are selected based on the results of the sprint. In this case, athletes must overcome 4 laps and 5 firing lines. Two shots must be fired from a prone position and two more from a standing position. In case of a miss, as well as in the above types, a penalty is charged - an additional circle with a distance of 150 meters.

Mass start - mass competition. Sometimes the number of participants in the mass start reaches 30 people. Usually the participants of this competition are the best athletes who have proven their skills in business. They all start at the same time, and take place on the shooting range in accordance with their serial number. In case of a miss, a penalty is also provided - passing an additional circle of 150 meters.

Biathlon equipment

The main equipment for biathlon are skis and a sporting rifle. The athlete should approach the choice of this equipment with special care.

1. Ski poles for biathletes are slightly longer than for ordinary skiers. Usually their length reaches the athlete's chin line.

2. For biathlon, special sporting rifles are used, which should not exceed 3.5 kilograms in weight. When moving, the weapon should be behind the back of the athlete, but so that he is comfortable. In addition, it is strictly forbidden to use self-loading or automatic rifles. As for the sight, it should not have the effect of approximation.

3. Special requirements are put forward for the athlete's skis. There is no specific style of movement at biathlon competitions, a biathlete can move in any way that is most convenient for him. There are also restrictions on the length of the skis themselves. For example, their minimum length should not be less than the height of the athlete himself, and the maximum length is not limited by the regulations and can be absolutely any. In addition, it is worth noting that the toes of skis for biathletes are more straight than in classic skiing competitions. For better glide, athletes are allowed to use wax.

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Why is the game of darts so popular? How should you play darts? We consider the basic rules of the game and the features of the technique of throws.

Boredom is sometimes the engine of progress, as well as the craving for entertainment. According to legend, the game of darts appeared thanks to the soldiers who bored and having nothing to do, they threw their arrows into pieces of wood or the bottom of barrels.

If arrows appear in this story, then, as you might guess, the history of the game is very long, but practically cannot say anything for sure until the very end of the 19th century, when a carpenter from a small English town came up with a standard layout for darts.

The invention of the target popularized the game, and in the first half of the 20th century, they came up with a way to make a surface from a suitable material. Thanks to this, darts fields spread throughout cities and countries.

Now every year around the world (mainly in Europe) professional darters gather for competitions, and fans gather to support the athletes. Besides, Darts remains a popular game for bars and other recreational spaces. Many people play darts at home and in the office.

Official modern darts rules

Next, consider the classic version of the rules, which is used in most competitions. However, these rules are not the only ones there are many options for playing darts: both training and recreational.

Each darts board has 20 sectors, the 20th is located at the very top, the rest are a little chaotic. One way or another, there are sectors that determine the number of points scored by a roll.

There is narrow rings, which are indicated by green and red colors. These rings give multiplication of sector scores. The outer ring is a doubling. Internal - tripling.

Besides, there is a central part, hitting which gives 50 points. Hitting the rim of the central part gives 25 points.

Each player is entitled to three throws, then throws the next one, and so on in turn.

The goal of the standard game is to write off 501 points, that is, points are not added, but subtracted. Initially, each player has 501 points, from which the sum scored for each throw is deducted.

The feature of the rules is the end of the game, which should be performed only by doubling, that is, by throwing into the outer ring. In addition, the end of the game is possible with a throw to the very center of the target, which is also considered a doubling. The bottom line is that doubling writes off the remaining points exactly to zero..

Thus, the completion of the batch needs to be done accordingly. It is required to carefully calculate the scores and choose sectors for throws.

Darts tactics

As it is not difficult to understand from the previous paragraph, the most “tasty” sector for throws is tripling 20. If every dart ends up there, the player scores 180 for the attempt.

Ideally, the player performs two such attempts, after which 141 points remain, which can be written off in various ways. For example: tripling 20, tripling 17 and doubling 15.

Of course, this is not always possible, and for the most part, the throws are attempts to deliver the maximum darts to the triple 20 sector, but the darts often end up in the adjacent sector, that is, they give only 20. As a result, 140 or 100 points are often written off.

The main goal is to competently be at the end of the game, for this you need to be able to count points and throw confidently in any sector.

After all, if there is a bust or shortage on the final throws (it can only be one), then the points for this attempt are not counted, and the player will need to perform throws again.

Therefore, it is best to accurately assess your own capabilities and see what kind of completion for doubling it is possible to finish the game.

Throwing technique: how to throw darts?

The basis of the effectiveness of the game of darts is the ability to throw a dart at a target of one's own choice.. This requires accuracy, which is provided by confident throwing technique. Technique, in turn, is determined by stable and regular training, accumulated experience.

In the throw, the basis is the setting of the body and hand. The body should be placed half-side to the board and slightly tilted forward.

A slight tilt is performed in order to slightly reduce the distance to the target. This technique is quite acceptable and professionals throw darts in this way, without waving their arms and without moving the body.

So, after you put the body in half a turn and turned on one side with an inclination, you need to set your elbow exactly perpendicular to the floor surface. The throw is performed only with the elbow joint and a little with the hand. Fingers easily squeeze the dart and hold the projectile at about eye level.

Try to set the tip of the dart in front of the target and directly in front of your eyes. You need to feel with both the brush and the mind how you direct the dart exactly at the target..

In fact, the distance is quite short, and you only have to aim the dart in an almost flat trajectory, in fact, put it on the target. Although if you look professional throws, then they performed in a small arc, including throws to the upper sectors.

By the way, if the throws are performed in the upper and lower sectors, then the forearm is slightly moved, reduced or moved a little higher. Thanks to this, the dart is again located almost completely in front of the desired sector.

If you need to deliver a dart to the side sector, then you should move along the plane of the throw line to the side. Use this technique, as diagonal throws and body side swings are not an effective technique, and do not give the desired accuracy.

For, to understand how to make accurate throws, training will be required, which consist in improving your own technique and developing the best way for you to hold and throw darts.

How to play darts and count points?

In general, this detail was considered in the previous paragraphs. Therefore, here we note additional opportunities for playing darts:

• Game of the round. It is possible to play both with yourself and with rivals. The goal is to alternately throw in sectors from 1 to 20. As a rule, the game is completed by doubling or tripling, or some series of similar rolls.
• One thousand. Throws are made only in sectors 25 and 50. The goal is to write off a thousand points.

Darts - distance to the target, height

The darts the target is set relative to its center. The height from the floor to the center is 1.73 meters, the distance to the front side of the target from the mark from where the darts are thrown is 2.37 meters.

Features of darts and targets

Equipment for playing darts is conditionally divided into professional and non-professional. Professional, as usual, is more expensive, but also has greater efficiency in the process of use, and is more reliable and wears out less.

What are these differences? Let's start with the target, which is usually made from a material called "sisal", which is a compressed agave.

The target has a separation wire, which can be:

• standard- that is, not professional and have a form that gives the most rebounds;
• trihedral- semi-professional and allowing darts to roll along the edges towards the field;
• fine - professional, which gives the minimum number of bounces and is used in most tournaments.

Now consider darts, which are a very complex structure.

However, we will consider a simplified version, which provides for the presence in the dart of such elements as:

• tip- a metal or pointed needle, if we are not talking about electronic darts;
• barrel- the part for which the dart is held;
• plumage- a tetrahedral part that determines aerodynamics.

The maximum length is 30.5 centimeters and the weight is 50 grams, but mainly darts weighing about 20-25 grams are used.

In conclusion, we note the high availability of darts for development. Today you can easily purchase professional kits for a relatively low cost., and for training you need a small space.

And, despite the large number of professional athletes, even today amateurs can easily reach the professional level with a relatively small amount of training.

A couple of years is enough to get the initial ranks and possibly reach a higher level. Therefore, if you have always wanted to reach heights in at least some sport, then darts are a great option for this.

We often hear that shooters simply do not know how to determine the distance to the target (target) at which they need to shoot. And this despite the fact that on a rifle, or a gun (carbine) an optical sight is installed. In general, the topic of optical sights is very common in questions on forums and letters from readers. The main issues are aiming reticles and distances to the object of observation. Which reticle is best for long range shooting. Why big ones? Yes, because at a distance of 10 to 20 m it is easier to use a collimator sight. I decided to streamline some information about optics and distance.

A simple method for determining the distance to an object

In the picture below you can see the reticle Rangefinder, or as it is popularly called - "crossbow net". Sights with this type of reticle have gained great popularity among owners of weapons with optical sights. A convenient scale for calculating distances and at the same time auxiliary crosshairs allow you to very accurately calculate the distance to the target, making certain adjustments. The figure clearly shows how you can determine the distance to the target using the example of a 4x32 optical sight.

Visual determination of the distance to the target using an optical sight
(Rangefinder reticle, or crossbow reticle)

It is worth noting that the adjustment and preliminary calibration of each sight must be carried out separately. You need to do this as follows:
- take a "standard" with a vertical and horizontal size of 50 cm (for example, a cardboard box),
- set the magnification of the sight to 4 (if you have a sight with a variable magnification) and look at the "reference" through the optical sight from a distance of 30 m. Usually at this distance 0.5 meters wide is placed between the curves at the level of the central crosshairs.

If the "reference" does not fit between the curves, or vice versa is much smaller, then you need to change the distance to the target until you achieve the desired result. Remember this distance, or better yet, make a note to yourself so that later, when you need it, you can quickly calculate the distance to the target.

In the same way, we find the distances corresponding to all other aiming marks on the grid. After that, you can already start to shoot the sight. "Why not the other way around?" - you ask. Yes, because it is easier to shoot the sight at already known distances. Now, having looked at the object of hunting through an optical sight, you will definitely know the distance to the target.

Such sights can be installed on pneumatic and firearms.

For an approximate determination of the distance, a sniper or shooter can use the following, also the simplest methods.

Eye method for determining the distance to the target

To hit the target with the first shot, you need to know the distance to it. This is necessary for the correct determination of the amount of corrections for side wind, air temperature, atmospheric pressure and, most importantly, for setting the correct sight and choosing the aiming point.

The ability to quickly and accurately determine the distance to stationary, moving, and also to emerging targets is one of the main conditions for the successful work of a sniper.

Rice. Proportional perception of the target by the PSO-1 reticle for the development of automatic skills in determining the range

The main, simplest and fastest, the most accessible to a sniper in any combat situation. However, a sufficiently accurate eye is not acquired immediately, it is developed through systematic training carried out in various terrain conditions, at different times of the year and day. In order to develop your eye, it is necessary to practice more often in estimating distances by eye with the obligatory verification of their steps and on the map or in some other way.

First of all, it is necessary to learn to mentally represent and confidently distinguish on any terrain a few of the most convenient distances as standards. You should start training with short distances (10, 50, 100 m). Having mastered these distances well, you can successively move to large ones (200, 400, 800 m) up to the maximum range of the actual fire of a sniper rifle. Having studied and fixed these standards in visual memory, one can easily compare with them and evaluate other distances.

In the process of such training, the main attention should be paid to taking into account side effects that affect the accuracy of the eye method for determining distances:
1. Larger objects appear closer than smaller ones at the same distance.
2. Objects that appear sharper and more distinct seem to be closer, therefore:
- objects of bright color (white, yellow, red) seem closer than objects of dark colors (black, brown, blue),
- brightly lit objects appear closer than dimly lit objects that are at the same distance,
- during fog, rain, at dusk, on cloudy days, when the air is saturated with dust, the observed objects seem further than on clear sunny days,
- the sharper the difference in the color of objects and the background on which they are visible, the more reduced the distances to these objects seem; for example, in winter, a snowy field, as it were, brings all the darker objects on it closer.

3. The fewer intermediate objects are between the eye and the observed object, the closer this object seems, in particular:
- objects on flat terrain appear closer,
- distances defined through vast open water spaces seem especially shortened, the opposite shore always seems closer than in reality,
- terrain folds (ravines, hollows) crossing the measured line, as it were, reduce the distance,
When observing lying down, objects appear closer than when observing standing up.

4. When viewed from the bottom up, from the bottom of the mountain to the top, objects seem closer, and when viewed from the top down - farther.

Visibility of objects at different distances:

Distance (km)	Thing
0,1	Human facial features, hands, details of equipment and weapons. Collapsed plaster, architectural decorations, individual building bricks. The shape and color of the leaves, the bark of tree trunks. Fence wires and personal weapons: a pistol, a rocket launcher.
0,2	General features of the face, general details of equipment and weapons, the shape of the headgear. Separate logs and boards, broken windows of buildings. Tree leaves and wire on wire fence posts. At night, lit cigarettes.
0,3	The oval of a person's face, the colors of clothes. Details of buildings: cornices, architraves, drainpipes. Light infantry weapons: rifle, machine gun, light machine gun.
0,4	Headwear, clothes, shoes. Living figure in general terms. Bindings of frames in the windows of buildings. Heavy infantry weapons: AGS, mortar, heavy machine gun.
0,5-0,6	The contours of a living figure are clear, the movements of arms and legs are distinguishable. Large building details: porch, fence, windows, doors. Bough of trees. Wire fence supports. Light artillery: LNG, memory, BO, heavy mortar.
0,7-0,8	A living figure is a general outline. Chimneys and attic windows of buildings are distinguishable. Large branches of trees. Trucks, combat vehicles and tanks standing still.
0,9-1,0	The outlines of a living figure are difficult to distinguish. Stains on building windows. The lower part of the trunk and the general contour of the trees. Telegraph poles.
2,0-4,0	Small detached houses, railway wagons. At night, lit lanterns.
6,0-8,0	Factory chimneys, clusters of small houses, large detached buildings. At night, headlights are on.
15,0-18,0	Big bell towers and big towers.

Determining the distance to the target by angular dimensions

Determining the distance to the target by angular dimensions is possible if the observed linear value (height, width or length) of the object to which the distance is determined is known. The method is reduced to measuring the angle in thousandths under which this object is visible.

The thousandth is 1/6000 of the circular horizon, increasing in width in direct proportion to the increase in distance to the reference point, which is the center of the circle. For those who find it difficult to understand, remember that the thousandth is in the distance:

100 m = 10 cm,

200 m = 20 cm,

300 m = 30 cm,

400 m = 40 cm etc.

Knowing the approximate linear dimensions of the target or landmark in meters and the angular value of this object, you can determine the distance using the thousandth formula: D \u003d (B x 1000) / Y,
where D- distance to target
1000 - a constant unchanging mathematical value that is always present in this formula
At- the angular value of the target, that is, to put it simply, how many one-thousand divisions on the scale of an optical sight or other device will take the target
AT is the metric (i.e. in meters) known width or height of the target.

For example, a target is spotted. It is necessary to determine the distance to it. What are the actions?
1. We measure the angle of the target in thousand
2. The size of the object located near the target in meters, multiply by 1000
3. Divide the result by the measured angle in thousand

The metric parameters of some objects are:

Head without helmet Head in a helmet

An object	Height (m)	Width (m)
0,25	0,20
0,25	0,25
Man	1,7-1,8	0,5
ducked man	1,5	0,5
Motorcyclist	1,7	0,6
Passenger car	1,5	3,8-4,5
cargo vehicle	2,0-3,0	5,0-6,0
Railway car on 4 axles	3,5-4,0	14,0-15,0
wooden pole	6,0	-
concrete pillar	8,0	-
Cottage	5,0	-
One floor of a multi-storey building	3,0	-
factory pipe	30,0	-

The scales of open sights, optical sights and optical instruments in service are graduated in thousandths and have a division value:

Thus, to determine the distance to an object using optics, it is necessary to place it between the scale divisions of the sight (instrument) and, having learned its angular value, calculate the distance using the above formula.

Example, you need to determine the distance to the target (chest or growth target), which fits in one small side segment of the scale of the PSO-1 optical sight.

Decision, the width of a chest or growth target (a full-length infantryman) is 0.5 m. 1 thousandth angle.
Hence: D \u003d (0.5 x 1000) / 1 \u003d 500m.

Measuring angles with improvised means

To measure angles with a ruler, you must hold it in front of you, at a distance of 50 cm from the eye, then one of its divisions (1 mm) will correspond to 0-02.
The accuracy of measuring angles in this way depends on the skill in making the ruler exactly 50 cm from the eye. This can be practiced with a rope (thread) of this length.
To measure angles with improvised objects, you can use a finger, palm, or any small improvised object (matchbox, pencil, 7.62 mm sniper cartridge), the dimensions of which are known in millimeters, and therefore in thousandths. To measure the angle, such a measure is also taken at a distance of 50 cm from the eye, and the desired value of the angle is determined from it by comparison.

The angular values ​​of some objects are:

Having acquired skills in measuring angles, one should proceed directly to determining distances from the measured angular dimensions of objects.
Determination of distances by the angular dimensions of objects gives accurate results only if the actual dimensions of the observed objects are well known, and angular measurements are made carefully using measuring instruments (binoculars, stereo tubes).

One of the most prestigious military colleges in Russia today is the Ryazan Airborne School. In November 2018, it will celebrate its centenary, it was originally formed as the Ryazan Infantry Courses. Over the entire period of its existence, the school has produced several hundred thousand first-class military men who have defended and continue to defend the country for many years.

Ryazan Airborne Forces School and its history (1918-1947)

RVVDKU (formerly RIVDV) today bears the honorary name of General V.F. Margelov, who put a lot of effort into making this educational institution one of the best in the country. On November 13, 1918, the Ryazan Infantry School (that's what it was then called) opened its doors to the first students. Three years later, the institution became the owner of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee award for the courage and courage of its wards.

In August 1941, a decision was made to form a military parachute school on the basis of an existing educational institution evacuated to Kuibyshev. The school was engaged in the training of military personnel for the airborne troops, but few people knew about this, the uninitiated took it for an ordinary military unit.

In the fall of 1943, the school received an award - the Order of the Red Banner, which was awarded for the front-line successes of officers trained by the educational institution. In 1946-1947, the current college was located in the city of Frunze (now Bishkek), after which it returned to its rightful place - to Ryazan.

School history: post-war years

In 1958, the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union decided to reorganize the existing educational institution into the Higher Combined Arms Command School. The term of study was increased to four years, and the diplomas that graduates received became equivalent to any document on higher education. The preparation of students, however, remained at the highest level.

Who is taught by the school?

In addition to the school itself, there is a large training center, a parachute club and an aviation military transport squadron. Cadets live in barrack-type dormitories, and study in educational buildings, laboratories, complexes, and gyms. The school has its own shooting gallery, as well as a stadium with a sports town. Next to the institution is a consumer services complex.

RVVDKU (Ryazan) trains graduates in three specialties and two specializations at once, adhering to the state order, which is formed by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. All programs are structured in such a way that the duration of study for each of them is five years. Girls are admitted to the school on a general basis.

Ryazan School of the Airborne Forces: faculties, departments

In total, there are three faculties in the educational institution: SPO - 8 (this is where you can get a secondary vocational education), CVE and a special faculty where military personnel from abroad are trained. The role of the leading units of the RVVDKU is performed by platoons, departments and companies. As of 2015, there are 19 departments on the territory of the school.

15 out of 19 departments are military, the remaining 4 are general professional (Russian and foreign languages, humanitarian and natural sciences, mathematical and natural sciences, general professional disciplines). The school employs experienced specialists, among them more than 20 doctors of sciences and more than 150 candidates.

Extrabudgetary faculty

The school also has a faculty of communications and road transport, where you can get an education on an extrabudgetary basis. It trains bachelors in the specialties "Automobiles and automotive economy" and "Personnel management of organizations." The training lasts four years, the student can receive education in full-time and part-time forms.

For admission to the first specialty, it is necessary to pass the Unified State Examination in Russian language, mathematics and physics, and for the second - in Russian language, mathematics and social science. for each discipline, it is recommended to check with the school itself, since it may vary. The cost of annual training in both specialties has not changed since 2013. As of June 2015, it is 64 thousand rubles for the full-time department and 28 thousand for the part-time department.

Educational process

RVVDKU (Ryazan) differs from all other military schools in that the educational process is built here in a completely different way. The training is organized in such a way that all students receive not only theoretical, but also practical skills, and quite often this happens within the same lesson. There is practically no division into lecture and practical courses.

The duration of training is 5 years for cadets, and those who want to become officers will have to study a little longer - 5 years and 10 months. Cadets study for 10 semesters, at the end of each of them it is necessary to pass tests and exams, this is similar to an examination session in civil higher educational institutions.

Theoretical classes include attending lectures, writing laboratory and test papers, and attending extracurricular consultations. Practical work includes internships, group sessions and exercises. Starting from the second year, all cadets must defend term papers on topics agreed in advance with the supervisor.

For all five years of training, cadets spend more than 12 months on field trips. Every year, cadets go on a thirty-day vacation in the summer and a fourteen-day vacation in the winter. Those cadets who graduated with honors get an advantage in choosing the place where they will serve, according to the existing order.

Who can become a cadet of the school?

Admission to the Ryazan Airborne School begins annually on the first of July. Young people are subject to quite serious requirements for health reasons. Cadets can be those who have not served, if they are not yet 22 years old, as well as those who are now serving on a conscription or contract basis (up to 25 years). Even those who previously served in the army are allowed to enroll, provided that they are not yet 24 years old.

All potential cadets are required to undergo a medical examination and submit relevant documents to the selection committee. Active military personnel must attach a medical book to the card. It should be noted that applicants with criminal, anti-Russian, nationalist and obscene tattoos are not admitted to the school, these are its internal rules.

To enter the Ryazan Airborne Forces School, you must provide photocopies or original documents proving your identity and education, as well as certificates of passing the exam. Candidates for cadets who already have a secondary education can enter after internal examinations, which the school organizes on its own.

Admission conditions: USE

All potential students of the RVVDKU (Ryazan) who plan to study in higher education programs go through an assessment of general educational skills, which is carried out based on the results of the USE. For admission to the specialty "Personnel Management" it is necessary to provide certificates of passing exams in mathematics (passing score - 27), social science (42 points) and Russian language (36 points).

To study the specialty "Translation and Translation Studies" it is necessary to pass a foreign language (passing score - 22), Russian (36 points) and history (32 points). For the specialty "Infocommunication Technologies" you will need to pass physics (passing score - 36), mathematics (27 points) and Russian language (36 points).

Those who plan to study under the secondary education program may not provide USE certificates, the decision on enrollment will be made by the selection committee, based on other parameters. We are talking about fitness for health reasons and assessing the physical training of a future cadet, and they will also be helped to determine the category of professional suitability without conducting any exams.

Admission conditions: physical training

The Ryazan Military School of the Airborne Forces has a special status, and all its cadets must have excellent physical fitness. That is why applicants are required to go through a physical fitness test, this applies to both boys and girls. If an applicant is going to get a higher professional education, he will have to pass pull-ups, running and swimming (if conditions allow).

If the applicant plans to receive a secondary vocational education, the exercises are the same, but the standards for enrollment in this case are slightly higher. Only one chance is given to perform a physical exercise, the results are entered into the competitive list along with the data from the USE certificates. Based on them, a decision on enrollment is formed.

Admission to the Ryazan Airborne Forces School requires the applicant to be in good physical shape, so it is best to start preparing in advance. The presence of diplomas, certificates, as well as awards in the field of sports disciplines is welcome, but this does not give priority in admission.

Educational and methodical work

The Ryazan Airborne Forces School is famous for its teachers, all of them have vast service experience, about 150 of them were participants in the hostilities in Afghanistan, South Ossetia, and the North Caucasus. Thanks to this, all cadets receive the most necessary skills for further military service. Among other things, teachers constantly conduct methodical work with their students, aimed at improving the quality of education.

Beginning teachers here can also get the skills necessary to work with cadets, the “School of Pedagogical Excellence” has been opened especially for them, the training period of which is two years. Methodological experiments are periodically organized at the school, as a result of which the latest teaching methods in military educational institutions are developed.

Oath

The oath at the Ryazan Airborne Forces School takes place in early September; parents and friends of freshmen usually come to this solemn event. The management of the school congratulates all students.

According to the existing tradition, the oath always ends with a solemn march and demonstration performances in which officers and cadets take part. Parents can ask all their questions to the head of the school, as well as teachers who are always present at the oath of freshmen.

How to get there?

The educational institution has a favorable location and is located near the railway station Ryazan-1. The address of the Ryazan Airborne Forces School - pl. General of the Army V. F. Margelov, 1. To get from the station to the school, you need to take bus number 5 "Railway station - Turlatovo platform", then get to the stop "Library named after M. Gorky", and from there go on Seminarskaya street about 500 meters.

From the railway station Ryazan-2 to the school can be reached using a fixed-route taxi No. 57 "Novoselov 60 - pos. Bozhatkovo”, you need to sit down at the stop “Mikhailovskoye Highway”, and get off at the stop “Library named after M. Gorky”. The fare is 16 rubles.

The school is located in several buildings, access to some of them is limited, so it is not so easy to find a photo of the RVVDKU and its interior. However, everyone can attend the solemn ceremony of the oath, as well as open days to feel the military spirit of the educational institution.