In the salon "Nota Plus" we try to present only those vinyl records that meet our high requirements for their condition. The vast majority of our records are rated Exellent+ to Still Sealed. All records that come to us undergo a preliminary check, evaluation and pre-sale preparation. If the record is visibly soiled, before putting it up for sale, we wash the record in a VPI or Audio Desk washing machine with a high-quality specialized detergent and place it in a new inner antistatic bag. If the "native" inner sleeve has a collection value, then we put it next to the plate in a new package.

To assess the condition, we use internationally accepted designations that describe the condition of the sleeve (the first letter in the designation) and the record itself (the second letter in the designation). Below is a transcript of the letters on the vinyl records used in our store. Our appraisers have extensive experience in this area, but the assessment is a very subjective subject and sometimes there are different opinions about the significance of certain factors when classifying collectible records in a category by condition. We are confident in the correctness of our estimates and never mislead buyers, but if you do not agree with our assessment - just choose another copy that matches your needs. The store has all the conditions for you to carefully examine the record and even listen to it. Sorting by condition is done only within the categories below, all records outside this classification are not allowed for sale.

International abbreviations for the system of visual assessment of the quality of records and sleeves

SS(Still Sealed) - a factory-sealed record. The record is guaranteed to be new, but the sleeve, in rare cases, may not be in perfect condition. This category may include absolutely new records, just released from the factory, as well as records that have been in a private collection, but have not been printed.

M/M(Mint/Mint) - The envelope is in perfect condition and has no defects. The record, without any flaws, has never been listened to or listened to very carefully, there are no visible defects, spots or inscriptions.

M/M-(Mint/Mint minus) - (sometimes labeled as M/NM - Mint/Near Mint by some raters). The envelope is in perfect condition and has no defects. The record, practically without flaws, has never been listened to or listened to very carefully, no scuffs, scratches, stains or inscriptions, but there may be small remarks that do not allow assigning the Mint condition to the record

M-/M(Mint minus/Mint) - (sometimes labeled by some raters as NM/M - Near Mint/Mint). The envelope is almost perfect, but there are small remarks that do not allow us to assign the state of Mint to it. The record, without any flaws, has never been listened to, or listened to very carefully, no scuffs, scratches, stains or inscriptions.

M-/M-(Mint minus/Mint minus) - (sometimes labeled by some raters as NM/NM - Near Mint/Near Mint). The envelope is almost perfect, but there are small remarks that do not allow us to assign the state of Mint to it. The plate is virtually flawless. It has never been listened to, or listened to very carefully, no scuffs, scratches, stains or inscriptions, but there may be small remarks that do not allow assigning the Mint status to the record.

EX+/M(Excellent plus/Mint) - (sometimes labeled by some raters as VG++/M - Very Good plus plus/Mint). The envelope may have slight wear and / or a couple of minor breaks, splitting of one of the ends, it can be carefully glued with transparent adhesive tape. There may be small inscriptions, stickers (stickers) or traces of them. The plate is new, without any flaws. It has never been listened to, or listened to very carefully. No scuffs, scratches, stains or inscriptions.

EX+/M-(Excellent plus/ Mint minus) - (sometimes labeled by some raters as VG++/NM - Very Good plus plus/Near Mint). The envelope may have slight wear and / or a couple of minor breaks, splitting of one of the ends; can be carefully glued with transparent tape. There may be small inscriptions, stickers (stickers) or traces of them. The plate is brand new with virtually no flaws. It has never been listened to, or listened to very carefully. There are no scuffs, scratches, stains or inscriptions, but there may be small remarks that do not allow assigning the Mint condition to the record.

EX+/EX+ ( Excellent plus/Excellent plus) - (sometimes labeled by some raters as VG++/VG++ - Very Good plus plus/Very Good plus plus). The envelope may have slight wear and / or a couple of minor breaks, splitting of one of the ends; can be carefully glued with transparent tape. There may be small inscriptions, stickers (stickers) or traces of them. The record has obviously been listened to more than once, it has superficial scratches, during playback you can sometimes hear “sand” or crackling, especially in quiet places and between tracks, one or two soft clicks can occur.
VG+/M(Very Good Plus/Mint) - The envelope may have significant abrasion and kinks, there may also be small tears / tears, splitting of seams, stickers (stickers) and traces of them, inscriptions. The plate is new, without any flaws. It has never been listened to, or listened to very carefully. No scuffs, scratches, stains or inscriptions.

VG+/M-(Very Good Plus/Mint minus) - (sometimes labeled by some raters as VG+/NM - Very Good plus/Near Mint). The envelope may have significant wear and kinks, there may also be small tears / tears, splitting of seams, stickers (stickers) and traces of them, inscriptions. The plate is new, almost flawless. Has been listened to several times. No scuffs, scratches, stains or inscriptions.

VG+/EX+(Very Good Plus/Excellent plus) - (sometimes labeled by some raters as VG+/VG++ - Very Good plus/Very Good plus plus). The envelope may have significant wear and kinks, there may also be small tears / tears, splitting of seams, stickers (stickers) and traces of them, inscriptions. The record has obviously been listened to more than once, it has superficial scratches, during playback you can sometimes hear “sand” or crackling, especially in quiet places and between tracks, one or two soft clicks can occur.

Genre Musical parody, eccentricity, humor Years from 1989 to the present time Countries ... Wikipedia

The first part of compound words. Contributes sign: retired, former, who has lost his former position. Ex agent, ex governor, ex dissident, ex fiancé, ex minister, ex president, ex record holder, ex dancer, ex champion... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (lat. ex from). A prefix in words denoting rank, rank, position, meaning: former, retired, dismissed (official), for example. ex president, ex minister, ex director, ex queen. || The same in any noun. (joking fam.), for example. ex husband, ex… … Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Ex is an ambiguous word that can mean: Ex (abbr.) from expropriation, popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. source of funding for revolutionary activities in the Russian Empire. EKS Pacemaker ... Wikipedia

EX ..., prefix. Forms nouns with the meaning: 1) formerly former (in terms of titles, positions), for example. ex-president, ex-minister, ex-champion, ex-record holder; 2) pre-existing, for example. ex federation, ex empire. Explanatory ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

The first part of compound words of Latin origin, introducing the meaning of the loss of the former position or quality of the person named in the second part of the word (ex-admiral, ex-chancellor, ex-consul, ex-president, ex-champion, etc.). Dictionary… … Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova

In the language of financiers, this prefix means after. For example, EKS coupon means a coupon after interest or dividends have been paid on it. Dictionary of financial terms. Ex Ex is a stock exchange slang note of 10 US dollars. In English: X See also… Financial vocabulary

Ex is an ambiguous word that can mean: Ex means past, former (for example, ex champion) Pacemaker Ex (terrorist method) Aix en Provence Ex is a symbol of equipment certification by European testing bodies ... ... Wikipedia

- (lat. Ex). A particle attached at the beginning of a word to titles or positions to indicate that a well-known person no longer holds this position or title, for example: ex-professor. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

ex-ohm- a, m. ex homme. okkaz. Former person. He would have been a great artist, but he became a bad translator, a mediocre poet and a mediocre publicist and ex (ex-symbolist, ex-Marxist, etc.); a former man for all the currents in which he wanted ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Books

• Ex-Emperor Napoleon III. Biographical sketch, . Moscow, 1870, Printing House F. Ioganson. New binding. With a map of the war of 1870. Good condition. Owner's marks in pencil in the text. The essay traces the life and…
• "Ex" in Helsingfors. Almost documentary history, S. A. Golubev, S. V. Tatarinov. Are the events of a hundred years ago so far from us? What has changed in people's behavior during this time? Do the events of the past have any influence on contemporaries? Quite famous in 1906…

The word "ex" has many meanings. It can be a prefix, an abbreviation, or an abbreviation. Read our article about what "ex" is. And you can learn about other words on our website in the section.

"Ex-" as a prefix

The most common meaning of the prefix "ex-" is "former" or "past". In this version, it is written with a hyphen: for example, “ex-director” (“former director”), “ex-owner” (“former owner”), “ex-president” (“former president”).

In addition, the prefix "ex-" can be part of foreign words, denoting exit, outward movement. For example, “exhumation” is the removal of a burial from the earth, “expatriation” is the expulsion of a person from the country.

"Ex" as an abbreviation

Understanding what “ex” means as an independent word is quite simple if you know the meaning of the prefix. Very often, "ex" in colloquial speech is used as an abbreviation - for example, from "ex-boyfriend." There is also a specific meaning: Russian revolutionaries of the early 20th century called expropriation “ex” - robbery in order to finance revolutionary activities.

"EX" as an abbreviation

In addition to the prefix and abbreviation, "EX" can also be used as an abbreviation. Most often, this refers to a pacemaker. A more highly specialized meaning is an emergency caesarean section.

Approximate interpretation of the explosion protection marking of the explosion-proof cable hoist.

GOST	1	Ex	d	IIB	T5
	Explosion protection level sign	Mark of Compliance	Explosion protection type sign	Subgroup sign (mixture category)	Temperature class sign (mixture group)

Classification of hazardous areas

The class of the explosive zone, in accordance with which the choice of electrical equipment is made, is determined by the technologists together with the specialists of the design or operating organization.

According to Russian regulatory documents, the following are distinguished hazardous area classes:

Class B-1 zones - located in rooms where combustible gases or vapors of flammable liquids are emitted in such quantity and with such properties that they can form explosive mixtures with air under normal operating conditions;

Class B-1a zones - located in rooms where explosive mixtures of combustible gases (regardless of the lower concentration limit of ignition) or flammable liquid vapors with air are not formed during normal operation, but only as a result of accidents or malfunctions;

Class V-1b zones are similar to V-1a, but differ from them in that in case of accidents, combustible gases have a high lower flammability limit (15% and above), as well as a pungent odor at dangerous concentrations. This class includes areas of laboratory and other premises in which combustible gases and flammable liquids are present in low concentrations that are insufficient to create an explosive mixture and where work is carried out without the use of an open flame. Zones are not explosive if work with hazardous substances is carried out in fume hoods or under fume hoods;

Class B-1d zones - spaces near outdoor installations: process plants containing flammable gases or flammable liquids, open oil traps, aboveground and underground tanks with flammable liquids or flammable gases (gas holders), overpasses for draining and loading flammable liquids, settling ponds with a floating oil film etc.

Class B-2 zones - located in rooms where combustible dusts or fibers passing into a suspended state are emitted in such quantity and with such properties that they can create explosive mixtures with air under normal operating conditions;

Zones of class B-2a are those where hazardous conditions do not occur during normal operation, but may arise as a result of accidents or malfunctions.

Regulatory documents contain the definition of the geometric dimensions of each class of zones.

	Zone 0 an explosive gas mixture is present continuously or for long periods of time	Zone 1 there is a possibility of the presence of an explosive gas mixture under normal operating conditions	Zone 2 it is unlikely that an explosive gas mixture will be present under normal operating conditions, and if it occurs, it is rare and exists for a very short time
CENELEC/IEC, EUROPE	Zone 0	Zone 1	Zone 2
GOST 51330.9-99, RUSSIA	Zone 0	Zone 1	Zone 2
PUE (2001), RUSSIA		B-I	B-Ia, B-Ib, B-Ig

Equipment intended to operate within a zone of a particular class must have an appropriate level of explosion protection.

Equipment explosion protection level

The explosion protection levels of electrical equipment are designated 2, 1 and 0 in the Russian classification:

Level 2 - electrical equipment of increased reliability against explosion: explosion protection is provided in it only in normal operation;

Level 1 - explosion-proof electrical equipment: explosion protection is ensured both under normal operating conditions and in case of probable damage depending on the operating conditions, except for damage to explosion-proof equipment;

Level 0 - especially explosion-proof equipment in which special measures and means of protection against explosion are applied.

The degree of explosion protection of equipment (2, 1, or 0) is put in the Russian Federation as the first digit before the European marking of equipment explosion protection.

Methods for ensuring explosion safety of equipment

There are several methods for ensuring explosion safety, the purpose of which is to prevent the possibility of contact between the internal spark-producing or heat-producing elements of the equipment with an external explosive environment, or to prevent the explosion that occurred inside the outer shell of the equipment from escaping by localizing it:

Localization, or containment of an explosion - preventing the spread of an explosion outside the envelope;

Insulation, or sealing - filling with compound, varnish, maintaining high pressure inside the shell by purging the equipment with compressed air or inert gas;

Filling the shell with quartz sand, immersing equipment in oil, used, for example, for transformer windings;

Preventing or limiting the electrical and thermal energy released is the use of an "intrinsically safe electrical circuit" in the protection method.

The European classification provides details of the type of explosion protection used in the equipment (it is recognized in the Russian Federation and is found in certificates for explosion-proof equipment):

Type of explosion protection		Schematic representation	Main application	Standard
Type e protection	e		Terminal and junction boxes, lighting fixtures, control stations, switchgears	GOST R 51330.8-99
Flameproof shell	d		Switching devices, lamps, control stations, switchgears, motor starters, heating elements	GOST R 51330.1-99
Fill or purge	p		High-current switch cabinets, analyzers, motors	GOST R 51330.3-99
intrinsically safe electrical circuit	i		Measurement and control technology, communication technology, sensors, drives	GOST Z 51330.10-99
Oil filled shell	o		Transformers, starting resistors	GOST Z 51330.7-99
Quartz shell filling	q		Transformers, capacitors	GOST R 51330.6-99
Sealing with compound	m		Low power switching devices, indicators, sensors	GOST R 51330.17-99
No sparking	n	Zone 2 This type of protection includes simplified versions of various explosion protection methods.	All devices for zone 2 except switching devices	GOST R 51330.17-99
Special Protection	s	This type of explosion protection includes special methods of explosion protection.	Sensors, arresters	GOST R 51330.17-99
Hermetic insulation	h			GOST R 51330.17-99

The following Russian classification of equipment explosion protection levels is in force:

Category of explosive mixture		Required level of explosion protection
I (mine methane)	II (all gases)
ia	ia	Particularly explosion-proof
Ib	ib	explosion-proof
Is	ic	Increased reliability against explosion

The existing classification provides for two categories: I and II:

There are three subcategories of category II: IIA, IIB, IIC. Each subsequent subcategory includes (can replace) the previous one, that is, subcategory C is the highest and meets the requirements of all categories - A, B and C. Thus, it is the most "strict".

Russia, Europe	Atmospheric ignition energy (μJ)		typical representative
I	Zone 0	Rising danger	Methane (mine)
II A	Over 180		Propane
II B	60-180		Ethylene
II C	less than 60		Acetylene, Hydrogen

According to GOST, the following classification according to the autoignition temperature applies:

Mix group	Self-ignition temperature, °С
T1	Over 450
T2	300 to 450
T3	200 to 300
T4	135 to 200
T5	100 to 135
T6	85 to 100

Т1 – hydrogen, water gas, lighting gas, hydrogen 75% + nitrogen 25%”;

T2 - acetylene, methyldichlorosilane;

Т3 – trichlorosilane;

T4 - not applicable;

T5 - carbon disulfide;

T6 - not applicable.

T1 - ammonia, ..., acetone, ..., benzene, 1,2-dichloropropane, dichloroethane, diethylamine, ..., blast furnace gas, isobutane, ..., methane (industrial, with a hydrogen content 75 times higher than in mine methane), propane , ..., solvents, petroleum solvent, diacetone alcohol, ..., chlorobenzene, ..., ethane;

T2 - alkylbenzene, amyl acetate, ..., gasoline B95 \ 130, butane, ... solvents ..., alcohols, ..., ethylbenzene, cyclohexanol;

T3 - gasoline A-66, A-72, A-76, "galosh", B-70, extraction. Butyl methacrylate, hexane, heptane, ..., kerosene, petroleum, petroleum ether, polyester, pentane, turpentine, alcohols, fuel T-1 and TS-1, white spirit, cyclohexane, ethyl mercaptan;

T4 - acetaldehyde, isobutyric aldehyde, butyric aldehyde, propionic aldehyde, decane, tetramethyldiaminomethane, 1,1,3 - triethoxybutane;

T5 and T6 - do not apply.

T1 - coke oven gas, hydrocyanic acid;

T2 - divinyl, 4,4 - dimethyldioxane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dioxane, ..., nitrocyclohexane, propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, ..., ethylene;

T3 - acrolein, vinyltrichlorosilane, hydrogen sulfide, tetrahydrofuran, tetraethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, diesel fuel, formalglycol, ethyldichlorosilane, ethyl cellosolve;

T4 - dibutyl ether, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether;

T5 and T6 - do not apply.

Additional Information.

Categories IIA, IIB and IIC are determined by the following parameters: safe experimental maximum clearance (BEMZ - the maximum gap between the flanges of the shell, through which the explosion does not pass from the shell to the environment) and the MTE value (the ratio of the minimum ignition current of an explosive gas mixture and the minimum ignition current methane).

Temperature class

The temperature class of electrical equipment is determined by the maximum temperature in degrees Celsius that the surfaces of explosion-proof equipment can have during operation.

The temperature class of the equipment is set based on the minimum temperature of the corresponding temperature range (its left border): equipment that can be used in an environment of gases with an auto-ignition temperature of class T4 must have a maximum temperature of the surface elements below 135 degrees; T5 is below 100, and T6 is below 85.

Consider an example of marking (used in Europe before July 1, 2003) according to the “CENELEC” standard:
ExdIIBT4

Ex- sign of explosion-proof equipment according to the CENELEC standard;
d– type of explosion protection (flameproof enclosure);
IIB- category of explosion hazard of the gas mixture II option B (see above);
T4- group of the mixture according to the ignition temperature (temperature not higher than 135 Cº);

Explosion-proof designations according to the American FM standard

Factory Mutual (FM) are essentially identical to the European and Russian standards, but differ from them in the form of recording. The American standard also indicates the conditions for the use of equipment: the explosive class of the environment (Class), operating conditions (Division) and mixture groups according to their autoignition temperature (Group).

Class can have the values ​​I, II, III: Class I - explosive mixtures of gases and vapors, Class II - combustible dust, Class III - combustible fibers.

Division can have the values ​​1 and 2: Division 1 is a complete analog of zone B1 (B2) - an explosive mixture is present under normal operating conditions; Division 2 is an analogue of the B1A (B2A) zone, in which an explosive mixture can appear only as a result of an accident or process disturbances.

To work in the Div.1 zone, especially explosion-proof equipment is required (in terms of the standard - intrinsically safe), and to work in the Div.2 zone, explosion-proof equipment of the Non-Incendive class is required.

Explosive air mixtures, gases, vapors form 7 subgroups that have direct analogies in Russian and European standards:

Group A - mixtures containing acetylene (IIC T3, T2);

Group B - mixtures containing butadiene, acrolein, hydrogen and ethylene oxide (IIC T2, T1);

Group C - mixtures containing cyclopropane, ethylene or ethyl ether (IIB T4, T3, T2);

Group D - mixtures containing alcohols, ammonia, benzene, butane, gasoline, hexane, varnishes, solvent vapors, kerosene, natural gas or propane (IIA T1, T2, T3, T4);

Group E - air suspension of combustible metal dust particles, regardless of its electrical conductivity, or dust with similar hazard characteristics, having a specific volume conductivity of less than 100 KΩ - see.

Group F - mixtures containing combustible dust of soot, charcoal or coke with a combustible content of more than 8% by volume, or suspensions having a conductivity of 100 to 100,000 ohm-cm;

Group G - combustible dust suspensions having a resistance of more than 100,000 ohm-cm.

FM-certified electric batteries can be used in the following applications:

division 1; Classes I, II, III; Groups D, F, G (Intrinsically safe);

division 2; class I; Groups A, B, C, D (Non-Incendive).

ATEX - the new European standard for explosion-proof equipment

In accordance with the EU directive 94/9/EC from July 01, 2003, a new ATEX standard is introduced. The new classification will replace the old CENELEC and will be implemented in European countries.

ATEX- short for ATmospheres Explosibles (explosive mixtures of gases). ATEX requirements apply to mechanical, electrical equipment and protective equipment intended to be used in a potentially explosive atmosphere, both underground and above ground.

The ATEX standard tightens the requirements of the EN50020/EN50014 standards regarding IS (Intrinsically Safe) equipment. These tightenings include:

Limitation of the capacitive parameters of the circuit;

Use of other protection classes;

New requirements for electrostatics;

Using a protective leather case.

Consider the following example for the classification marking of explosion-proof equipment according to ATEX: II 2 G EEx ib IIB T4

Ex in a hexagon - marking of explosion-proof equipment according to ATEX.

The following marking element defines the equipment group:

I - mine;

II - other (non-mine): chemical industry, petrochemical plant, oil refinery, etc. The third element - Arabic numeral - determines the permissible area for the operation of the equipment, it can take the values ​​0, 1 or 2:

0 - with frequent occurrence of explosive or flammable concentrations of hazardous gases or mixtures (gases, suspensions);

1 - the same as 0, but the indicated concentrations can occur only from time to time (for example, in emergency situations);

2 - the same as 1, but in rare cases of these situations.

The fourth element: G - for gases, D - for combustible dusts, fibers and suspensions.

Further characters (after E E x) were discussed earlier.

European marking of explosion-proof equipment

Scope of equipment				Explosion-proof marking of equipment
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
	II	1	G	EEx	ia	IIB	T3

1. Explosion-proof equipment has certificates from one of the testing laboratories of the EU countries.

2. Scope:

I - underground workings;

II - ground application.

0 - the constant presence of explosive substances (more than 1000 hours per year);

1 - frequent 10 ... 1000 hours per year;

2 - short-term less than 10 hours per year.

4. Surrounding atmosphere:

D is dust.

5. E - according to European standards (CENELEC requirements); Ex - explosion-proof equipment.

6. Classification of types of protection:

D - flameproof enclosure;

E - protection type "e" (increased);

O - oil filling;

P - filling or blowing the shell under the Rizb;

Q - quartz filling;

M - filling with compound;

I - intrinsically safe electrical circuit: (this type of explosion protection ensures that a dangerous situation cannot arise as a result of a spark (during a short circuit), or in the event of a sudden break in the power circuit (energy of the internal inductance of the device), or as a result of heating of current-carrying wires);

Ia - a dangerous situation cannot occur during normal operation with interference on the line and with any combination of two possible faults;

Ib - a dangerous situation cannot occur during normal operation, with line noise and one fault.

After the main type of protection, an additional one may be indicated.

7. Scope:

I - underground work;

II - ground application;

For types of protection "d" and "i" in the case of ground application, subgroups are introduced IIA, IIB and IIC(according to the value of BEMZ or MTV).

8. Ignition temperature:

T1 > 450 °С;

T2 = 300…450 °С;

T3 = 200…300 °С;

T4 = 135…200 °С;

T5 = 100…135 °С;

T6 = 85…100 °С.

Markings in square brackets indicate that this is related equipment.
For example, the IIC marking indicates associated equipment located in an explosive area.
Associated equipment located in an explosive area and having the type of protection “flameproof enclosure” is marked as follows: Ex d IICT4.