Village Council Kakhibsky It was formed by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of 20.0I.192I as part of the Tilitl - Gidatli section of the Gunibsky district, as the Kakhib village council. Since 1926, the municipality has been called the Kakhibsky village council since 2005.

Kahib is one of the oldest villages in Dagestan. Old Kahib - Bakdab and its combat towers were built in the VIII-X centuries. The areas of Bakdab settlement were inhabited in the Stone and Bronze Ages. Doctor of Historical Sciences O. M. Daudov, having studied the archaeological finds found in the vicinity of the village of Bakdab, claims that they belong to the 7th-4th centuries BC. Scientist VG Kotovich tomb with. The Upper Kolob refers to the U-UN centuries of our era.
The four-volume "History of Dagestan" reports that "the entire territory of the region was mastered as early as the 2nd millennium BC." The author of the book “Ancient and New Kahib”, Candidate of Sciences G. G. Aripov, claims that the village of Bakdab was included in the scientific works of not only Dagestan scientists, but also many foreign authors.
The aul was built on the crest of a rocky massif, inaccessible to enemy raids. There were five battle towers. The large tower has a height of 20 m, a width of 4.6 m, and a wall thickness of 1 meter. A large mosque was built next to the tower, it was located on the fifth floor of a large building.
Kahib is the common name of three auls and many farms.
The word "Kakhib" is derived from the Georgian word "Kakhi", which means a meager mountainous area. In 1764, the "Kakhib Canton" was formed. By the 11th century, Kahib was one of the thirteen large auls, such as Khunzakh, Kumukh, Akhty, Urada, which were the main centers of trade and economic activity. In Kahiba, the production of edged weapons, jewelry, rugs, fur coats, shoes, wood and stone carving, and sheepskin dressing were developed. The development of the village was facilitated by the fact that it was located "On the Great Way of Peoples" from Samur to Vedeno. In August 1886 there were 370 households in Kahiba, 1610 inhabitants, 778 men, 832 women.
Kahib is called the village of Alimov. Shuayb-afandi in his nazmu sings and names the names of two Kakhibs: Umaydi and Salman. Turkish archival sources report about Alim Tiduri ibn Ilbuzar (Kakhib). In 1886, Arabists named the names of I3 Kakhibs, including Hasan Khilmi and Khabibula Hadji. The inhabitants of Kahib adopted Islam in 1460, when Udurat Haji Machadinsky returned from Arabia to Gidatl. Kahib is the birthplace of three sheikhs: Hassan Hilmi Afandi, Khabibul Haji, Muhammadarifa Afandi. A memorial was opened in Kahiba - the ziyarat of the three named sheikhs. The traditions of the Kakhib Ustazes are continued by Muhammadamin-Haji.
The inhabitants of Kahib always took an active part in the major events that took place in Dagestan and during the invasion of Nadir Shah, then - during the struggle of the four imams against tsarism. In the village of Gimry, along with Imam Gazimagomed, according to Gaidarbek Ginichutlinsky, there was also an alim from Kahib. The second imam Gamzat-bek sent Akhberdilov Magomed from Khunzakh to Kahib when a quarrel over land arose. Quite a few Kakhibs served in the troops of Gamzat-bek. 45-50 inhabitants of the village of Kakhib constantly served in the troops of Imam Shamil, among them - a well-aimed shooter from a flint weapon - Pahuta. For marksmanship, he earned the Imam's award. Naib Shamil was also a resident of the village. Kahib Kasa Ramadan. Many Kakhibtsev in 1918, at the call of Nazhmudin Gotsinsky, gathered on a campaign against Temir Khan Shura. But, Hasan Afandi, and Khabibula Haji, on the advice of Sayfulla-Qadi, their teacher, persuaded them to return home. Khasan Afandi, Khabibula Hadji opposed the civil war in Dagestan. Kahib was awarded the diploma of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
In 1923, on November 20, a congress of Alims of Dagestan opened in Kahib. Sheikh Khabibula Haji was elected chairman. The congress was attended by 76 delegates. The delegates condemned the war started by Nazhmudin Gotsinsky.
On November 22, 1928, the Kakhib region was formed. It included 47 settlements with 17952 inhabitants. The collective farm was formed in 1931. The number of livestock reached eight thousand.
During the Great Patriotic War, 345 Kakhibs defended their Motherland. Of these, I64 died. A beautiful monument was erected to those who died at the front in Kahiba. Hundreds of Kakhibians took part in the events in Afghanistan, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Cuba.
The first school in Kahiba was opened in 1924. It was attended by 29 students. In 1940, a seven-year school was opened, then it was transformed into a secondary school. From 1948 to 1995 I778 students graduated from school. Magomedov Arip, Rasulova Zagrat, Zainulabidov Gazimagomed, Gasanbegov Gitinomagomed, Aripov Gadzhi, Dibirov Magomed, Rasulova Patimat - doctor of sciences became candidates of various sciences. Aripov Gadzhi and Rasulov Arip became the writers. Khalil Ramazanov and Saypudin Asadulaev became colonels. The title of "Honored Teacher of the Republic of Dagestan" was given to Omarova Khadizhat, Gitihmadibirov Khaibula, Sheikhmagomedova Saidat, Sharipov Abdurazak, Abdulaev Nabi. The title of "Honored Doctor of the Republic of Dagestan" was given to Magomedov Gadzhi, Magomedov Arip. The title of "Honored Worker of the Municipal Service of the Republic of Dagestan" was given to Magomedaminova Khadizhat N.
The ancient Bakdab auls and farms are abandoned. All residents moved to New Kahib, Leninkent, Makhachkala, Kaspiysk, Buynaksk. The resettlement affected about 1700 people. Wherever the Kakhibtsy live, they always remember their father's aul.
The inhabitants of the villages of Upper, Lower Kolob, Mokoda, Khoroda, Hamakal and Kiinikh come from the village of Kahib. For the sake of making life easier, given that the place where these villages are located is more favorable for keeping livestock, farming, etc., people began to move and occupy the territory, creating farms. Tukhum Andalal at one time were the largest in Kahib, but the men of this tukhum were very selfish and cruel towards the people of other villages and with the tukhums of their village. They appropriated large and small cattle, people collected tax from pastures not only in Kahib, but also in nearby villages. Once Golotlintsy from the Khunzakh Khanate decided to take revenge on this tukhum. They all gathered and set up an ambush. When they came to collect the tax, the Glotlins destroyed almost the entire detachment near Andalal, and the rest of the men who remained in the village of Kahib were destroyed in the village itself. Old men, women and children were moved from Kahib to another place. From them the village of Nizhny Kolob was formed. This is how the fate of one of the tukhums of the village of Kahib happened.
Thus, the above mentioned villages were formed. The administration is located in the village. Kahib, the language is the same, the collective farm is one, family ties have been preserved. When collectivization was going on in the country in the 1930s, a collective farm was also created in our village. Red Army, which occupied the 1st place in the area.
The people are industrious, they worked well on the sheltered farm in the Babayurt zone, which brought a lot of profit to the collective farm.
During the Great Patriotic War, 68 people from the village fought at the fronts, many of them remained on the battlefield, and none of those who returned were left alive. Like the whole country, Kolobtsy also stood up in defense of the Great Motherland. A monument was erected to the participants of the war in the village.
KhIasankhIilmi-apandi and MuhIamadgIarif-apandi (k.s) lived in the universe. Khoroda, in the same place (q.s.) KhIusenil mukhIamad-afandi from Urib handed over an ijaz from KhIasan KhIilmi (q.s.) to lead people along the line of tIariqat.
In 1961, most of the population of V/Kolobtsev (common name of the village V/Kolob) was relocated to the plain. They were given a territory in the village of Leninkent. Having settled in this village, where now Kolobtsev has more than 500 farms, they live in modern living conditions. There are more than 130 farms in the mountains. The largest village is Khoroda with 60 households, and earlier the largest village was a village. N/Kolob more than 70 farms. Prof. Zainulabidov M., Associate Professor Zainulabidov G., Magomedov N., Dibirov M., KGB Colonel Asadulaev Saipudin left the village. Alima AshIabgIali, MukhIumasanil MukhIamad. One secondary school with a school boarding school, 2 primary schools, a medical outpatient clinic, 2 rural and school libraries, there is a madrasah named after. Askhabali-dibira from the villages. N/Kolob.
In the 80s, a power line was laid in the village and a road was built. People have conditions for a better life.

Magomedov Magomednabi Magomedovich, head of the MO "s / s Kakhibsky", education - secondary special

Kahib village- a very interesting, mysterious place on territory of Dagestan. In antiquity, the history of the old Kahib is comparable to the age of the city of Derbent. Historians date the finds from these places to the period from the 7th century BC, but do not directly compare them with the history of the village of Kahib.

Kahib is located in the Shamil district of Dagestan, 5 kilometers from today's regional center Hebda. At the peak of the steep ridge on the left bank of the Kahibtlyar River. Height above sea level 1775 meters.

After visiting Gamsutl, I decided to definitely get to this village, and then visit the ghost village of Goor. The trip took place about a year later, although I had only to go from Derbent, you understand things ... Travel time from Derbent will take some, 4 hours. So stock up on everything: food, water, time and patience. Be sure to stop at the following villages along the way: Sergokala, Levashi, Gergebil, Urib etc. Since the path is not close to go, I decided in the summer and still the path was not easy.

On a spectacular crest of a rocky massif, under reliable protection from raids of possible enemies, this village once arose. , the remains of which I visited today, are dated 8th-10th centuries. What is very typical for Kahib, large battle towers have been preserved in it, in which the inhabitants took refuge in case of danger. There were five combat towers in total. The largest one still visible has a height 20m and width 4.6m, the thickness of the walls is one meter. There are now three towers left. If we refer to some descriptions of the village of Kahib, then some buildings had five floors. By the way, the architecture here is typical for Dagestan, i.е. the roof of one house is at the same time the courtyard of the house which is located above. And yet, before the village was called Bakdab.

Kahib is mentioned in many ancient sources, for example, Arabic, Iranian, etc. in those days when Dagestan was within the scope of their political and economic interests.

The population of Kahib always took an active part in the events that took place on the territory of Dagestan. And during the invasion of Nadir Shah, and together with Imam Shamil, and in the revolutionary years, and during the Great Patriotic War, the Kakhibs showed their courage, courage and loyalty.

Approximately at 1980 reached the village electricity! At the same time, a normal road appeared. It is along this road that the inhabitants, apparently, left to live in other places for the benefits of civilization.

Villagers Mokoda, Upper and Lower Kolob, Horoda, Kiinikh, Hamakal are natives of the village of Kahib. Someone went further to the big cities of Dagestan. And someone almost stayed. Near the old Cahib, descending from a steep slope to a plateau near the river is New Cahib.

Every day, the inhabitants of Kahib, leaving the house, look at. I don't know, maybe it's hard. It's one thing when it's exotic and you come here for a few hours. You have little to do with these walls. And it’s completely different when that’s all, up to every stone is native to you.

Do not sit at home, tune in to the positive and travel!

So, the second story from the Dagestan trip of the recent past year is about the monuments of the free villages of Avaria.

No matter how strong and no matter how high the Khunzakh nutsals and khans sit on their steep plateau, who in their best years could afford to besiege not only besiege Derbent, but also ruin Georgia, they could not conquer the entire Avaria. The villages of the free societies, which preferred to live by their adat, climbed the steepest slopes and menacingly bristled with battle towers: the enemy will not pass!

The Shamil region of Dagestan, which I started writing about in the last series, is the former lands of Gidatl, the most famous free union of Avaria, and the villages allied to it. And, perhaps, the most picturesque reserve of mountain tower architecture in Dagestan.

PAGAN SUN KAHIBA

The village of Kahib, our first goal, settled in the gorge of the Kahibtlyar River, a tributary of the Avar Koysu, among the puff, as if torn, weathered mountains. True, strictly speaking, "Kakhib" is the name of the entire surrounding area with settlements and farms. The ancient tower village, for which we were here, was called Bakdab.

From the district center of Hebda to Kahib is a short but rather steep road up the gorge. Kahib was once famous for its Islamic scholars and sheikhs. And now the first thing that a traveler will meet here is a ziyarat (holy place) with a source dedicated to the three local Tariqat sheikhs of the early 20th century - Hasan-afandi, Khabibulla-haji and Muhammadzarif-afandi. Passers-by will definitely stop here to get water for the journey ...

Modern Kahib - narrow crooked roads, gardens, a school and a neat mosque. The new village is only a few decades old: in the fifties, the inhabitants of ancient Bakdab, exhausted by constant landslides and landslides, moved to a calmer and more comfortable river bank. Finally, Bakdab was empty in the seventies - someone until the last refused to leave their native walls.

Once again I am surprised at my luck to get to the right people at the right time: the car that picked us up from Hebd brought us straight to the house Irayganat Magomedsaidova, local librarian, teacher and local historian. Of course, we were immediately invited to tea, and where there is tea in Dagestan, there is an overnight stay. At our disposal was given the village library, part-time museum of local lore (in every self-respecting village in these parts you can find an impressive ethnographic collection).

Perhaps, I can safely record the Kakhib library in my personal top of the most memorable places to spend the night.

Also, a pregnant cat was found in an old carved chest!

Irayganat Magomedsaidova and her brother Pakhrutdin, a military doctor who lives in the Murmansk region and visits his homeland, are one of the best memories of the mountain accident in general. We were received really warmly and sincerely. Usually, given that hospitality in the Caucasus is a matter of ancient etiquette, you always ask yourself if you are overdoing it? They never had this feeling at home.

For tea - a little local delicacy, smoked fat tail. You won't eat much, but it's actually quite interesting. What else do you think Dagestani wrestlers eat muscle on?

Having despaired and leaving our backpacks, we set off with Pakhrutdin to the ruins of Bakdab.

The river Kahibtlyar seems to divide the gorge into two halves, dead and alive. On the one hand, the current Kahib with its sounds and smells, on the other, the formidable skeleton of a fortified village on a steep slope. But seriously - perhaps the most picturesque ruins I have seen in the Caucasus.

Guests from the living side often go to the dead - to collect herbs, bow to the graves, and just walk around. On the way to the other side we pass an old cemetery...

On the other side of Kahibtlyar, right on the steep slope of the mountain, we see a number of monuments - as I understand it, the cenotaphs of the Kahibs who died or died in a foreign land (correct me, knowledgeable people, if I'm wrong). Such monuments began to appear here, they say, back in the 15th century, when Gidatl and the surrounding area were only converted to Islam and their inhabitants themselves began to carry the new faith to their neighbors with sabers and fire. Such steles were also erected to the soldiers who fought under the banner of Shamil against the Russians. To whom these monuments are dedicated, I forgot to ask.

In the ruins of the village, two battle towers were preserved (each was built by a separate tukhum - a surname; in a jamaat - a rural society there could be several tukhums), as well as the impressive ruins of a mosque.

The mosque of Bakdaba and the battle tower next to it. The mosque, I must say, is more like a castle ...

It is based on an obviously earlier structure - part of the lower tier is made in a different, more ancient masonry.
In it, in turn, there are stones with pagan petroglyphs...

And here, again, in the ruins of the mosque - the most impressive Kakhib petroglyph. Pagan deer carry the sun on their horns.

In search of evidence of the ancient pagan-Christian past of the Accident, you can walk around Bakdab for a long time - this is a very exciting experience!

There are many monuments of Arabic epigraphy in Bakdab-Old Kahib, of course...

The only intact, relatively recently restored tower, the compositional center of the village:

You can walk in the ruins for a long time - but we still plan to get to the neighboring Goor before dark. Therefore, we turn around and return to the New Cahib ...

GOOR: TOWERS OVER THE CATCH

From Kahib to Goor - about forty minutes of walking up the slope.

Goor greets us with dog barking and close attention of the locals: the men at the godekan wanted to see our documents: "The time is like this, who knows who can walk there?" A special stir was caused by the Dutch passport of my companion ...

We were in Goor in the first half of July. And in August, in this area, security forces shot dead two young shepherds, cheerfully reporting on the destruction of terrorists (the dead were even “provided” with uniforms and machine guns on this occasion). In all the surrounding villages, the connection of the dead guys with the "Wahhabists" is stubbornly rejected. However, alas, there are many such stories in the entire Eastern Caucasus.

But back to our stones.

They say that the Goors have been living in the present place since the arrival of Islam in Gidatl; their ancestors had to change their place of residence more than once due to constant threats of enemy attack, until they were forced to climb to the very crest of the mountain.

Once upon a time, several tukhums lived in Goor, each of which built a tower in case of a siege - there were seven of them in the village, only three have survived to this day, and one more collapsed relatively recently.

The Goor towers immediately impressed me with the abundance of petroglyphs in the masonry - it is even more interesting here than in Kahiba!

What, for example, is the rider on the left? Is it not Saint George, who migrated to the masonry of the tower from some medieval house or chapel?

The inevitable swastikas, a symbol of the course of the sun in a circle...

In the outskirts there is a mosque with the ziyarat of the local holy sheikh and an ancient cemetery. In Goor, they write, steles of martyrs from the 15th century have been preserved...

And in the mosque, they write, before collectivization, a book was kept - the chronicle of the village, now irretrievably lost ...

It starts to get dark. Airmiles Davis colleague on the tower and the world around us.

At some point, closer to sunset, in the middle of the ruins, a feeling of the vastness of the world and a desire to sit on the ridge and, without moving, absorb the air, landscapes and silence around, covered. Meanwhile, the time for evening prayers had come - and already from the minarets of the surrounding villages, far below, azans began to be heard one after another.

The noise of the engine brought me out of my daze - a whole family came to rest at the towers in the "Prior"; the father of the family, it must be admitted, turned out to be an ace of artistic parking...


Already by the very darkness we return to Kahib, where dinner and a pleasant conversation are waiting for us, in order to move aside in the morning