Justification of the topic of scientific research, whether it is a master's, candidate, or doctoral dissertation, includes the following sections:

1. Relevance of the topic– in this section, you must justify why the topic you have chosen is relevant and worthy of consideration. First of all, the chosen topic should solve some important scientific or national economic problem that is relevant today.

2. The degree of scientific development- in this section, you need to group, analyze and critically comprehend the works of other scientists whose scientific research, one way or another, intersects with the topic of your research.

3. Object and subject of research- in this section, it is necessary to consecrate how the chosen object and the subject of scientific research correlate. If you want to know what is the object and subject of scientific research, you can find such a section on our website.

4. Goals and objectives of the study– the research should clearly define the goal to which you will strive in the process of performing the dissertation research. The tasks set should reveal the goal. Tasks are a kind of movement plan towards the disclosure of the general goal of the dissertation research.

5. Research methods– when writing a dissertation, as well as substantiating its topic, it is very important that you choose the right methods of scientific research. Since there are general scientific methods that can be used in any science. And private methods that correspond to a highly specialized scientific direction, for example: economics, pedagogy or psychology.

6. Research hypothesis Quite often, scientific supervisors, when preparing the rationale for a dissertation topic, require that a hypothesis be included in the justification. This is a general idea of ​​the work. The hypothesis states that if we do some action in scientific work, it will lead to such and such results. In the course of work, the hypothesis put forward must be confirmed or refuted.

If you do not have enough time to write a dissertation, or you simply do not want to deal with this issue, we advise you to entrust this work to professional authors!

After the introduction of second-generation standards into the domestic education system, project activity has become an indispensable element in any academic discipline. Let's consider its features on the example of technology.

Relevance

It involves the substantiation of the theme of the project on technology. The problem considered by the child should be useful not only to the author himself, but also to other people.

Substantiation of the topic of the project on technology significantly increases its significance, allows you to apply the results in practice.

An example of the project "Sunflowers outside the window"

We often hear that those items that are made by hand bring warmth and harmony to the house. In order to achieve such a result, it is not necessary to spend material resources. Want to freshen up your room? We offer to create a panel of sunflowers, which will give the space a special flavor. That is why such a topic for collective work was chosen.

Project "Breath of Flowers"

The choice and justification of the topic of the project on technology can be formalized as follows. We live in a unique country that is proud of its historical roots and natural resources. The unique plant world amazed the greatest writers, poets and artists with its versatility. We admire the flowers in the summer, we watch with interest how the leaves of the trees turn yellow in autumn. I want to enjoy the beauty and warmth of nature and cold winters. That is why the theme “Breath of Flowers” ​​was chosen for the work. Such an ecological substantiation of the project in terms of technology indicates the meta-subjectivity of this work.

Work "Swan-transformer"

How to justify the project on technology? A vase-transformer is a wonderful gift for friends and family. The finished product can be used to arrange fruit, as a hot stand and even as a cutting board. A vase can also be considered as an independent element of decor in a city apartment. The product is compact, it can be stored assembled, and if necessary, give it "combat readiness".

Environmental justification of the project by technology:

• security;
• availability of materials;
• originality of forms;
• minimum labor intensity;
• strength;
• manufacturability;
• reproducibility.

Such a substantiation of the problem of the project on technology confirms the relevance of the work. The finished product will decorate any interior.

Work from batik

How to make a choice and justification of a technology project? Masters call batik a unique and inimitable material used in artistic creation. Why is there a growing interest in working with him in our time? The reason is that the materials and tools needed to work with batik have become available to the general public.

People are increasingly turning to postmodernism associated with the era, trying to create unusual products and compositions with their own hands. Such justification of a creative project on technology fully confirms its relevance.
Given that working with batik does not involve complex technological operations, the project is available to everyone who wants to touch this version of artistic creativity. We were attracted by the combination in the batik technique of the practicality of the resulting products with artistic significance.

Such a substantiation of the project in terms of technology will become the main idea of ​​the creative work.

DIY gift

Ahead of the New Year holidays, during which it is customary to give gifts. Of course, you can buy a finished product in the store, but it will not convey the feelings that you have for the one for whom the gift is intended. If you arm yourself with creative imagination, pick up materials, you can create a unique picture. Such a substantiation of the technology project associated with the use of batik painting on fabrics fully explains the choice of the author.

Goals and objectives

In the age of computer technology, the demand for hand-made products is increasing. The choice and justification of the technology project is complemented by the purpose of the work. It can be formulated as follows: to create a gift for the New Year holidays using the batik technique.

• to study the literature on the chosen topic;
• develop an algorithm of actions;
• create a gift with your own hands;
• analyze the finished product.

The justification of the project according to the technology is done, you can start thinking through the stages of work. First you need to conduct a survey, the purpose of which will be to identify the attitude of classmates to gifts made by themselves. Respondents are asked to answer the following questions:

• do you give gifts;
• do you make them with your own hands;
• What is the best gift to receive?

The finished product should be beautiful, bright, practical, inexpensive, safe. What gift to give friends for the New Year? For example, you can create an original potholder, an original toy or a three-dimensional decoration for the interior, or make a New Year's card.

In order for the finished product to please the one to whom it is intended, it is important to think through all the details of the work.

Gzhel project

The birthplace of this painting is the Moscow region. The first mention of Gzhel appeared in 1320, they were made in the message of Prince Ivan Kalita to his eldest son. These porcelain items have a characteristic blue-white color. In the eighteenth century, such dishes were created from clay, then covered with white enamel, and multi-color painting was applied to it. In the 19th century, Gzhel craftsmen created new material, improved technologies, and began producing semi-faience and porcelain.

At the beginning of the last century, this unique painting was practically lost. And only in 1972 this folk craft began to revive. On the basis of six small industries, the Gzhel association was created, and the lost folk traditions began to be restored. The Russian land is rich in talents.

Gzhel painting is done with cobalt. A double firing of high-quality white clay, previously placed in certain molds, is carried out. Roasting is carried out in furnaces at temperatures above 1350 degrees.

During the review of the literature on the project, we managed to find out that the painting is carried out with cobalt. This mineral at elevated temperature acquires an unusual blue color of different shades. They appear just after the firing is completed; in its original form, the pattern has an unsightly black-gray color. The theme was chosen for work precisely because the products created in this technique are distinguished by unique aesthetic characteristics.

Conclusion

Currently, special attention is paid to project activities in the Russian education system. There are special requirements that apply to the work of schoolchildren. In each academic discipline, a certain time is allocated for the intellectual and creative development of the younger generation.

In order for the project to meet the requirements, it must be interesting and relevant not only for the author himself, but also for other people. A project is considered realistic when it can be replicated.

Before proceeding to the practical part, the author thinks through the purpose of his activity, sets himself specific research tasks.

The next stage is the development of an action plan, the result of which will be a review of the scientific literature on the research problem, the selection of methods and means of carrying out the work. At the main stage in technology, the main activities are carried out.

For example, material is selected, details are determined, direct actions are performed. The final stage of the work is summing up the results of the project, its submission to the competition.

Essay writing technique

compiled by A.V. Smetanin (Perm. GNIU, 2011)

Epigraph:

at the time of writing the essay

it is already 50-70% ready"

Formal criteria (from the introductory part of the task) 1

Little tricks. eight

Common problems.. 9

Template essay structure. nine

Essay features. nine

Technical questions.. 10

Appendix. eleven

Formal criteria (from the introductory part of the task)

The validity of the choice of topic (an explanation of the choice of topic and the tasks that the participant sets for himself in his work).

a) justification for the choice of topic is a difficult part of the essay, it must be thought out in advance so that the work does not stop at the very first sentence. There are two main justification options:

The relevance of this topic for today,

Until now, the discussion about the benefits and harms of Peter's reforms for Russia has not stopped. In this era, they try to look for the beginning of the entire subsequent history of the state. Some accuse Peter of the barbaric methods of renewing the country, others regret the lost identity, others speak of the importance and timeliness of the breakthrough made. In the context of this discussion, I would like to express my own opinion about the role of this era. … One of the pressing problems for modern Russia is the search for a national idea, some element of self-consciousness that can unite the citizens of our country. Perhaps the first example of the search for such an idea can be considered the history of the baptism of Russia, which contributed not only to the strengthening of state power, but also to the ethnic unity of the Eastern Slavs.

My personal interest in this topic. As a last resort, ascribe to yourself what you really do not care about.

Any other interesting twist in the rationale is not forbidden, the main thing is not to try to break through the conservative jury with something crazy.

b) essay task setting

Here it is necessary to state why you are writing this essay, what the reader should expect from the essay in the future

First of all, you must agree or disagree with the quote, while not retelling it.

Secondly, clearly define your position on the problem that you are going to prove now.

2. The creative nature of the perception of the topic, its comprehension.

a) Your essay should not copy the text of the textbook. The essay should contain your thoughts, your living language. It is best to write in the first person.

b) do not go to the other extreme and do not try to be too original or informal, do not replace arguments with emotions.

INTRODUCTION

Topic of work and justification for choosing a topic

The research paper presented to the attention of the reader is devoted to ...
Have you ever wondered why...? I noticed ... / thought about this question when ...
I've always wondered why...
The desire to find out ... appeared in my childhood. I was interested in …
The theme of our work: "...". I chose this topic for research because…
In the future, I would like to connect my life with ... therefore, I am already interested in ... and have chosen ... as the topic of my research.
I became interested ... after one day ...
When I ... I was struck / I became interested ...

Relevance

… has become an integral part of our lives today. We use...without thinking...
The relevance of the topic of our work is determined by the fact that at present ...
In today's world ... is of great importance, because ...
In recent years, we often hear and use the word ...
Many are interested / addicted / think ...
Today the problem ... is one of the most urgent, because ...
The question ... in recent years has been in the focus of research attention ...
The topic is the subject of lively debate...
This is explained by the fact that ... affects our health / mood / success
The problem ... attracts close attention of scientists and the public due to the fact that ...
Recently, it has appeared ... and people have begun to think more and more about ...
Probably every person at least once in his life thought about...
… has always raised a lot of questions in people …
To date, there are two opposing views on this problem ...
Today there are disputes / there is no consensus on this issue ...

Novelty

To date, there are works devoted to ... in general. However, we decided to study this topic using the example of our class / school, and this is the novelty of our study.

Objective

The purpose of this work is to find out why...
The main goal of the work is to answer the question ... / prove that ...

Tasks

To achieve this goal, we need to solve the following tasks:
To achieve this goal, we set ourselves the following tasks:
Work tasks:
The work tasks include:
Study the literature on the topic
Find out the meaning of terms...
Find examples ... in ... / collect material ... / study the composition ... / measure the level ...
Conduct a survey / experiment / observation
Compare/contrast/analyze the results
Draw conclusions about...

CHAPTERS

First chapter (theoretical)
Basic terms and concepts, background

The key concepts for our study are….
... is called ...
On the official website of ... we found the following definition of the term ... "..."
Ivanov V.V. in the book ... defines the concept of ... as ...
Petrov V.V. understands the term...
Sidorov S.S. considers ... as ...
Andreev A.A. in the book "..." gives the following definition...
… - This …
The site ... offers the following definition of the concept ...
Ivanov’s article “…” in the journal “…” states that…
It is generally accepted that…
It is commonly known…
Let's look at the history first...
The history of the issue is covered in detail on the pages of modern encyclopedias, for example ..., as well as on the website ... For the first time ....
From the book ... we learned that ...
As Ivanov I.I. ... in the article ... "...", ...
According to Ivanov V.V. …
Perhaps this is related...
Besides, …
It is interesting that…
It is widely believed that…
At the same time, it must be emphasized that…

The second chapter is a description of the study

In order to find out ... we decided to conduct a survey ... among the students / parents of our class. The survey was conducted through a questionnaire / survey in social networks. The survey involved … students and … parents.
Respondents were asked the following questions: ...
The research was carried out on the material…
As a material for the study, we took ....
The examples come from...
The results of the survey are presented in table 1.
In figure 2 you can see...
Figure 3 shows…
In this case, we see ... / we are dealing with ...
At the same time, it should be noted…
Noteworthy is the fact that…
The diagram shows...

CONCLUSIONS, CONCLUSION

Conclusions by chapter

Based on the foregoing, we can state...
All of the above allows us to draw the following conclusions: ...
Thus, we see...
Hence …
It's obvious that …
As you can see from the above...
It follows from the above that...
Summing up the above, the following should be noted ...
In summarizing chapter 2, it is necessary to emphasize ...
Summing up the interim results, we can say that ...
As a result of our research, we found that…
In conclusion, it should be noted…
The study allowed us to draw the following conclusions...
The main conclusion that I made: ...
In the course of the study, it was revealed / established that ...
So we made sure...
All of the above proves that...
Based on the foregoing, it is logical to assume that ...
All of the above convinces us that ...
The version of ... seems to us the most plausible, because ...
The examples found and analyzed by us allow us to identify the following pattern: ...

Conclusion
Prospects for further research

We see the prospects for further study of the problem in a more detailed / detailed study ...
In the future it would be interesting...
In our opinion, it would be interesting to study / explore / consider ...
In addition to … discussed in this paper, in our opinion, it would be interesting to study …
The work considers only one of the aspects of the problem. Research in this direction can be continued. It could be a study not only ... but also ...

Job assignment

The study can be useful and interesting for school students who are fond of ..., as well as for everyone who is interested in ...
The results of our study could help the guys in ...
The work may be of interest to…
The results of the study can be used by teachers in preparing lessons / competitions / quizzes on the topic ....
The work can be used for further research...
With my work, I wanted to draw the attention of classmates to the problem ...
The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its results formed the basis of the rules I developed ... / memo on ... for ...

What did the work give the researcher himself

In the process of writing the work, I learned / learned / discovered / found out ...
The work helped me understand / realize / solve the problem / take a fresh look ...
In the process of working on the study, I gained experience ... I think that the knowledge I have gained will allow me to avoid mistakes / help me correctly ...
The results of the study made me think...
The biggest problem for me was...
The study has fundamentally changed my opinion / idea about ...

Work on any dissertation begins with the definition of topics. The task is not difficult. It is necessary to determine the scope of one's own scientific interests, compare it with the existing abstracts of scientists and find some unique subject of research, or give a new sound to the problems already disclosed by other authors. The chosen topic should be discussed with the supervisor, and the importance and necessity of the issue under study should be justified at a meeting of the leading department.

What is the substantiation of the dissertation topic

Substantiation of the subject of the candidate's thesis is a document that is the basic basis for the entire qualifying work. It is from this moment that work on the study begins.
A formal approach to justification will not lead to the desired result.

But careful preparation of the substantiation of the topic will allow the researcher to better understand the issue under study, as well as predict the results of his work.

This document is mandatory for admission to graduate school. The topic of the scientific work of an already enrolled graduate student must be approved by the leading department, and then by the Academic Council of the university. The corresponding mark of the Academic Council will appear in the individual curriculum of the postgraduate student.

How to substantiate the topic of the dissertation

It is worth working on the main issue of the candidate only together with the head. It is he who will tell you which issues will sound more advantageous in defense, from what angle it is worth considering this or that scientific issue.

Before meeting with the curator, try to study existing scientific research.

Pay attention not only to Russian sources, but also foreign ones. Find weaknesses in the study of the selected issue, think of something new you can say on this topic. All these points should be reflected in the substantiation of the dissertation work.

Stages of substantiation of the dissertation topic

The subject of scientific work should be substantiated according to a certain template. This document should contain the following parameters:
topic wording,

• its relevance,
• goals and objectives of the study,
• alleged novelty
• and practical significance.

Theme wording

The success of future qualifying work depends on a competent formulation. It cannot be expressed in a free form, it must meet the requirements of the Passport of specialties of the Higher Attestation Commission and clearly display the perspective content of the candidate's thesis. The initial wording of the topic may be changed during the research process.

Relevance of the topic

The topic should be not only clearly formulated, but also relevant, meeting the needs of the time. In other words, the applicant must clearly understand whether the scientific study of the problems proposed by him is in demand. Thus, it is imperative to emphasize the relevance of the issue under study.

Definition of the purpose and objectives of the study

The document should also reflect the purpose and objectives of the study. There can be only one goal, and it must follow from the subject and relevance. The definition of the goal contains an answer to the question: how exactly will the problem of qualifying research be solved? Objectives are specific steps that will help you achieve a specified goal.

Suggested novelty of the study

Another important parameter is scientific novelty. At this stage, you need to state what unique results the author plans to achieve and with the help of what non-standard methods.

Assumed practical significance

In practical terms, it is necessary to justify what applied tasks this research can solve, how it can be useful in the real activities of enterprises and institutions. This block in the document should show that the Ph.D. is not exclusively theorized.

Sample substantiation of the topic of a Ph.D. thesis

There are several examples of substantiation of qualifying works. Most of them will be built according to the standard template.
The sample is filled in by the applicant, signed by him and the curator. Then the main question of the research is submitted to the meeting of the department, to which the future candidate of science is attached.

After discussion in the teaching staff, the topic may be subject to adjustment and changes are made to the rationale.

The finished document is submitted for approval to the rector of the educational institution. The given example is not universal, it is best to prepare a document according to the template that exists at the applicant's department.

Sample "Justification of the topic of a Ph.D. thesis" SibGUFK

Rationale
PhD thesis topics
«_____________________________________»
topic name

Speciality: __.__.__ - ___________________________________________.
(example: 13.00.08 "Theory and Methods of Vocational Education")
Completed by: graduate student/applicant ___ year of full-time/correspondence education __________________________________________________________________.
(Full name (full name)
Supervisor: _____________________________________________.
(academic degree, title, full name)

The relevance of research:

Research problem:

Object of study:

Subject of study:

Research hypothesis:

Purpose of the study:

Research objectives:

Methodological basis of the study:

Research methods:

Organization of the study:

Scientific novelty of the research:

Theoretical significance of the study:

Practical significance of the study:

Artist's signature:

Supervisor's signature:

An example of substantiating the topic of a doctoral dissertation

For a doctoral thesis, the subject is substantiated according to a similar example, as for a candidate's thesis. The template can also include such parameters as the object and subject of research, methods and stages of work, as well as planned publications.