The meaning of Yankovich Fedor Ivanovich (De Mirievo) in a brief biographical encyclopedia. chapter viii

Fedor Ivanovich Yankovic de Mirievo

Jankovic de Mirievo Fedor Ivanovich (1741-1814) - Serbian and Russian teacher, follower of J. Comenius, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. From 1782 he lived in Russia, participated in the development of the school reform of 1782-1786. Author of textbooks and developments for the school.

Orlov A.S., Georgiev N.G., Georgiev V.A. Historical dictionary. 2nd ed. M., 2012, p. 590.

Yankovich de Mirievo Fedor Ivanovich (1741-22.05.1814), teacher, member of the Russian Academy (1783). Serb by origin. Educated at the Faculty of Law of the University of Vienna. In 1782, at the invitation of Catherine II, he moved to Russia. He worked in the Commission on the Establishment of Public Schools (1782-1801), drew up a plan for the school system, enshrined in the Charter of 1786. He considered the organization of the public school system, the training of teachers and the publication of good textbooks to be the main issues of reform. Before introduction reforms Yankovich de Mirievo supervised the training of teachers at the St. Petersburg Main Public School (1783 - 85). His pupils became teachers in the first reformed schools. In the organization of school life, he attached great importance to friendly relations between the teacher and students. With his participation, a set of textbooks was published (“Primer”, “Copis and for them a guide to calligraphy”, “Rules for students”, “World history”, etc.). Geographical and historical maps, atlases were prepared, he introduced the use of a blackboard and chalk in the Russian school.

JANKOVICH DE MIRIEVO [Mirievsky (Jankovic Mirijevski)] Fedor Ivanovich (Teodor), Russian and Serbian teacher, follower of Ya. A. Kamensky, member Ross. Academy (1783). Got a legal and cameral (cf. cameralistics) education at the University of Vienna. Working with 1773 director Nar. schools in Timis province banata, in which, along with the Romanians, Slavic peoples lived (predominantly Serbs), led the implementation of the Austr. School Charter of 1774 in relation to the traditions of glory, the population. For teachers, J. de M. prepared a special. ped. management.

In 1782, J. de M., at the invitation of Catherine II, moved to Russia. Working in the Commission on the establishment of Nar. schools, he drew up a general plan for the school system, enshrined in the Charter of 1786, according to Krom small public schools and major public schools and organized the training of teachers for these schools in St. Petersburg, open on his initiative. main nar. school, the director of which he was in 1783-85.

Together with Russian In 1783, J. de M. wrote a guide for teachers of the first and second grades of public schools in the Russian Empire as scientists and educators. He created a number of textbooks: "Primer", h Rescribing and for them a handwriting guide", "Rules for students" (all in 1782), "Guide to arithmetic" (not later than 1784), etc. Reissued, significantly supplementing, "Comparative a dictionary of all languages \u200b\u200band dialects, arranged in alphabetical order "(parts 1-4, 1790-1791), compiled by P. S. Pallas(ed. 1787-89). In 1802-04 member. Commissions on uch-shah Min-va nar. education (since 1803 - Main board of the school).

Materials of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia are used.

Literature:

Rozhdestvensky S. V., Essays on the history of public education systems in Russia in the 18th - 19th centuries, St. Petersburg, 1912;

Konstantinov N. A., Struminsky V. Ya., Essays on the history of primary education in Russia, 2nd ed., M., 1953, p. 61 - 78;

Essays on the history of the school and the pedagogical thought of the peoples of the USSR. XVIII p. - the first half of the XIX century, ed. M. F. Shabaeva, M., 1973, p. 143-54.

The pseudonym under which the politician Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov writes. ... In 1907 he was unsuccessfully a candidate for the 2nd State Duma in St. Petersburg.

Alyabiev, Alexander Alexandrovich, Russian amateur composer. ... The romances of A. reflected the spirit of the times. As then-Russian literature, they are sentimental, sometimes corny. Most of them are written in a minor key. They almost do not differ from Glinka's first romances, but the latter has stepped far ahead, while A. has remained in place and is now outdated.

Filthy Idolishche (Odolishche) - an epic hero ...

Pedrillo (Pietro-Mira Pedrillo) - a famous jester, a Neapolitan, who arrived in St. Petersburg at the beginning of the reign of Anna Ioannovna to sing the roles of buffa and play the violin in the Italian court opera.

Dahl, Vladimir Ivanovich
Numerous novels and stories of his suffer from a lack of real artistic creativity, a deep feeling and a broad view of the people and life. Dal did not go further than everyday pictures, anecdotes caught on the fly, told in a peculiar language, smartly, lively, with well-known humor, sometimes falling into mannerism and joking.

Varlamov, Alexander Egorovich
Apparently, Varlamov did not work on the theory of musical composition at all and remained with the meager knowledge that he could have taken out of the chapel, which at that time did not care at all about the general musical development of its pupils.

Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich
None of our great poets has so many verses that are downright bad from all points of view; he himself bequeathed many poems not to be included in the collection of his works. Nekrasov is not sustained even in his masterpieces: and in them the prosaic, sluggish verse suddenly hurts the ear.

Gorky, Maxim
By his origin, Gorky does not at all belong to those dregs of society, of which he acted as a singer in literature.

Zhikharev Stepan Petrovich
His tragedy "Artaban" did not see a print or a stage, since, according to Prince Shakhovsky and the author's frank opinion, it was a mixture of nonsense and nonsense.

Sherwood-Verny Ivan Vasilievich
“Sherwood,” writes one contemporary, “in society, even in St. Petersburg, was not called anything but Sherwood nasty ... his comrades in military service shunned him and called him the dog name “fidelka”.

Obolyaninov Petr Khrisanfovich
... Field Marshal Kamensky publicly called him "a state thief, a bribe-taker, a fool stuffed."

Popular biographies

Peter I Tolstoy Lev Nikolayevich Ekaterina II Romanovs Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich Lomonosov Mikhail Vasilyevich Alexander III Suvorov Alexander Vasilyevich

Fedor Ivanovich Yankovich (de Mirievo)(1741-1814) - Serbian and Russian teacher, member of the Russian Academy (since 1783). He was a developer and an active participant in education reforms in the Austrian and Russian empires in the second half of the 18th century. It is considered one of the followers of Ya. A. Comenius.

Biography

Origin

Serb by origin. Born in 1741 in the town of Kamenice-Sremskaya, not far from Petrovaradin.

When the Turks captured Serbia, the Jankovic family, being one of the oldest noble families and owning the village of Mirievo near Belgrade, together with many noble Serbs moved to Hungary in 1459. Here the family became famous in numerous wars with the Turks, for which Emperor Leopold I granted her certain privileges.

In Austria

Educated at the University of Vienna, where he listened to jurisprudence, cameral subjects and sciences related to internal state improvement.

After graduating from the university, he entered the service of a secretary to the Temesvar Orthodox Bishop Vikenty Ioannovich Vidak, who later became the Metropolitan of Karlovac. In this position, he adhered to pro-Austrian views, advocated cooperation with the Catholic Church.

In 1773 he was appointed the first teacher and director of public schools in the Temeswar Banat, taking part in this position in the implementation of the education reform undertaken by Empress Maria Theresa. The purpose of the reform was to introduce a new system of education in Austria, following the example already introduced in Prussia, developed by the abbot of the Sagansky monastery Felbiger. The advantage of the new system, introduced in 1774, was to build a coherent system of elementary and higher public schools, thorough training of teachers, rational teaching methods and the establishment of a special educational administration. It was Jankovic's duty as director of schools in a province inhabited by Orthodox Christians to adapt the new educational system to local conditions.

In 1774, Empress Maria Theresa granted Yankovic the nobility of the Austrian Empire, with the addition of the name de Mirievo to his surname, after the name of the village that belonged to his ancestors in Serbia. The charter said: “We favorably noticed, saw and recognized his good morals, virtue, reason and talents, which we were informed about with praise.”

In 1776, he visited Vienna and got acquainted in detail with the teachers' seminary there, after which he translated into Serbian the German manuals introduced into the new schools, and compiled a manual for the teachers of his province under the title: "A manual book needed by the masters of the Illyrian non-Uniate small schools."

In Russia

During a meeting in 1780 in Mogilev with Catherine II, the Austrian Emperor Joseph II told her about the educational reform carried out in Austria, gave her Austrian school textbooks and described Empress Jankovich as:

In 1782 Yankovic moved to Russia. On September 7, 1782, a decree was issued on the establishment of a commission of public schools, headed by Peter Zavadovsky. Academician Franz Epinus and Privy Councilor P. I. Pastukhov were appointed members of the commission. Yankovic was brought in as an expert employee, which did not quite correspond to his leadership role, since he was entrusted with the entire burden of the work ahead: it was he who drew up the general plan for the new educational system, organized the teacher's seminary, and translated and revised educational manuals. He had to prepare materials on various issues and submit them for discussion to the commission, which almost always approved them without changes. Only in 1797 Jankovic was introduced to the commission.

On December 13, 1783, a teacher's seminary was opened in St. Petersburg, Yankovich took charge of it as director of public schools in the St. Petersburg province. In the Yankovich open seminary, special attention was paid to the organization of the educational and educational parts, the supply of the seminary with all the necessary teaching aids. In the study of natural history, he organized a collection of the main breeds from the animal kingdom and the fossil kingdom and a herbarium. The necessary models and tools were purchased for the class of mathematics and physics, and various drawings and machines were ordered from Vienna for mechanics and civil architecture. At the insistence of Yankovic, corporal punishment was banned in the seminary and in the main public school.

Eberhardt, Gobi

Gobi Eberhardt(German Goby Eberhardt, full name Johann Jacob Eberhardt; March 29, 1852, Frankfurt am Main - September 13, 1926, Lübeck) - German violinist, music teacher and composer. Father of Siegfried Eberhardt.

He developed an original pedagogical technique, in which exercises for the left hand without extracting sounds occupied an important place. He was also occupied with the problems of psychological and physiological naturalness in the work of the performer: already in 1907 he devoted the book “My System of Exercises for Violin and Piano on a Psychophysiological Basis” to this issue (German. Mein System des Übens für Violine und Klavier auf psycho-physiologischer Grundlage). Eberhardt passed on this interest to his son, with whom his last methodical book, The Natural Path to Higher Virtuosity, was published (in German). Der naturliche Weg zur höchsten Virtuosität; 1924). In addition, in 1926 he published a book of essays on outstanding musicians, Memoirs of Famous People of Our Era (in German. Erinnerungen an bedeutende Männer unserer Epoche).

§ Eberhardt, Gobi: sheet music of works at the International Music Score Library Project

http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4 %D1%82,_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8&printable=yes

Jankovic de Mirievo, Fedor Ivanovich

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fedor Ivanovich Yankovich (de Mirievo)(1741-1814) - Serbian and Russian teacher, member of the Russian Academy (since 1783). He was a developer and an active participant in the education reforms in the Austrian and Russian empires in the second half of the 18th century. It is considered one of the followers of Ya. A. Comenius.

Biography

Origin

Serb by origin. Born in 1741 in the town of Kamenice-Sremskaya (Serbian), not far from Petrovaradin.

When the Turks captured Serbia, the Janovich family, being one of the oldest noble families and owning the village of Mirievo near Belgrade, together with many noble Serbs moved to Hungary in 1459. Here the family became famous in numerous wars with the Turks, for which Emperor Leopold I granted her certain privileges.

In Austria

Educated at the University of Vienna, where he listened to jurisprudence, cameral subjects and sciences related to internal state improvement.

After graduating from the university, he entered the service of the secretary to the Temesvar Orthodox Bishop Vikentiy Ioannovich Vidak, who later became the Metropolitan of Karlovac (Serb.). In this position, he adhered to pro-Austrian views, advocated cooperation with the Catholic Church.

In 1773 he was appointed the first teacher and director of public schools in the Temeswar Banat, taking part in this position in the implementation of the education reform undertaken by Empress Maria Theresa. The purpose of the reform was to introduce a new system of education in Austria, following the example already introduced in Prussia, developed by the abbot of the Sagansky monastery Felbiger (English). The advantage of the new system, introduced in 1774, was to build a coherent system of elementary and higher public schools, thorough training of teachers, rational teaching methods and the establishment of a special educational administration. It was Janković's responsibility as director of schools in a province inhabited by Orthodox Serbs to adapt the new educational system to local conditions.

In 1774, Empress Maria Theresa granted Yankovic the nobility of the Austrian Empire, with the addition of the name de Mirievo, after the name of the village that belonged to his ancestors in Serbia. The charter said: “We favorably noticed, saw and recognized his good morals, virtue, reason and talents, which we were informed about with praise.”

In Russia

In 1782 Yankovic moved to Russia. On September 7, 1782, a decree was issued establishing public school commissions, headed by Peter Zavadovsky. Academician Franz Epinus and Privy Councilor P. I. Pastukhov were appointed members of the commission. Yankovic was brought in as an expert employee, which did not quite correspond to his leadership role, since he was entrusted with the entire burden of the work ahead: it was he who drew up the general plan for the new educational system, organized the teacher's seminary, and translated and revised educational manuals. He had to prepare materials on various issues and submit them for discussion to the commission, which almost always approved them without changes. Only in 1797 Jankovic was introduced to the commission.

On December 13, 1783, a teacher's seminary was opened in St. Petersburg, Yankovich took charge of it as director of public schools in the St. Petersburg province. In the Yankovich open seminary, special attention was paid to the organization of the educational and educational parts, the supply of the seminary with all the necessary teaching aids. In the study of natural history, he organized a meeting the most important breeds from the animal kingdom and the fossil kingdom and herbarium. The necessary models and tools were purchased for the class of mathematics and physics, and various drawings and machines were ordered from Vienna for mechanics and civil architecture. At the insistence of Yankovic, corporal punishment was banned in the seminary and in the main public school.

Yankovich was the director of the main public school and the teacher's seminary under it until May 17, 1785, when, due to numerous responsibilities for the preparation and implementation of the education reform in Russia, he was released from the direct management of these educational institutions.

Empress Catherine II repeatedly honored Yankovic with her attention. In 1784 he was awarded the rank of collegiate councilor, and in 1793 - state councilor. In addition, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir - 4th class. (1784), and then the 3rd Art. (1786). In 1791, Catherine granted him a village in the Mogilev province and in the same year ranked him among the Russian nobility. In the reign of Emperor Paul I, he was awarded the rank of real state councilor and, in addition to the salary he received, he was given a pension of 2,000 rubles, and in 1802 he was granted rent in the Grodno province.

After the establishment of the Ministry of Public Education in 1802, Jankovic became a member of the newly formed commission on schools, which in 1803 became known as the Main Board of Schools. However, in the ministry, whose activities at first were led by a circle of personal friends of Emperor Alexander I, Yankovic did not enjoy influence.

In 1804 he left the service, since excessive labors completely exhausted his mental and physical strength.

(1741 ) Place of Birth

Novi Sad, Serbia

Date of death (1814 ) Place of death

St. Petersburg, Russian empire

Citizenship Austrian Empire, Russian Empire Occupation teacher, organizer of the education system

Biography

Origin

Serb by origin. Born in 1741 in the town of Kamenice-Sremskaya (Serbian), near Petrovaradin.

Education reform in Russia

According to the reform developed by Yankovic, public schools were to be divided into three categories: small schools (two grades), secondary schools (three grades) and main schools (four grades).

In schools of the first category, they were supposed to teach - in the first grade: reading and writing, knowledge of numbers, church and Roman numbers, an abbreviated catechism, sacred history and the original rules of Russian grammar. In the 2nd - after repeating the previous one - a lengthy catechism without evidence from scripture, reading the book "On the Positions of a Man and a Citizen", arithmetic of the 1st and 2nd parts, calligraphy and drawing.

In schools of the 2nd category, the first two classes of small schools were joined by a third class, in which, while repeating the previous one, they were supposed to teach a lengthy catechism with evidence from the Holy Scriptures, reading and explaining the gospel, Russian grammar with spelling exercises, general history and of general and Russian geography in an abbreviated form and calligraphy.

Schools of the 3rd category (main) were supposed to consist of 4 classes - the course of the first three is the same as in secondary schools; in the fourth grade, the following were to be taught: general and Russian geography, general history in more detail, Russian history, mathematical geography with tasks on a globe, Russian grammar with exercises in written exercises used in a hostel, such as: in letters, accounts, receipts etc., foundations of geometry, mechanics, physics, natural history and civil architecture, and drawing.

The preparation of the first teachers for public schools, who were familiar with the requirements of didactics and pedagogy, lay exclusively with Jankovic. In this matter, he was a complete master, he examined young people who wanted to devote themselves to the teaching profession, introduced them to teaching methods and, at the request of the commission, appointed them to one or another place, depending on the abilities of each.

In 1785, the commission instructed Jankovic to draw up a regulation for private boarding houses and schools, which was later included in the charter of public schools, approved on August 5, 1786. According to the regulation, all private boarding schools and schools were to be subordinated, along with public schools, to the orders of the Public Charity. Education in private schools, equated with the public, was to be distinguished by family friendliness, simplicity in lifestyle and be done in a religious spirit.

The moral means of action on the pupils were determined in the following words of the mandate:

Most of all, it is entrusted to landlords and teachers, so that they try to instill in their pupils and students the rules of honesty and virtue, preceding them in this and that, and in words: why should they be with them inseparably and remove from their eyes everything that can be an occasion to the temptation ... to keep, however, in the fear of God, forcing them to go to church and pray, getting up and going to bed, before the beginning and end of the teaching, before the table and after the table. To try also to give them innocent pleasures, when there are convenient occasions for this, turning them into a reward and always giving advantages to the most diligent and well-behaved.

However, it is impossible not to notice that Yankovic's order had a very weak influence on the spirit of teaching and education in private boarding schools and schools. The reasons for this were, on the one hand, the lack of educators who corresponded to the ideal presented in the order, and on the other hand, the important circumstance that the requirements of the then society were far below this ideal and therefore made it possible for the existence of bad boarding schools, if only they taught in them French and dance.

Yankovic's order for private boarding houses contained a bold for that time permission to raise male and female children together, and the landlords were charged with the obligation to have separate rooms for children of different sexes. This provision was abolished in 1804 . One of the shortcomings of the order was that it spoke only of private teachers in boarding schools and schools, but overlooked private teachers teaching in private homes. The method of their examination and their relationship to the school authorities remained uncertain. Such uncertainty naturally led to a weakening of supervision over home teaching and opened up a wide field for abuse, especially on the part of foreign teachers.

The teaching methodology according to Jankovic was to consist of cumulative instruction, cumulative reading, images through initial letters, tables and a survey.

Jankovic was a supporter of live teaching of subjects, as opposed to the scholastic and mechanistic teaching methods that were then prevailing. Subsequently, his methods were extended, in addition to public schools, to religious schools and military corps.

Tutorials and guides

Jankovic also took an active part in compiling textbooks and teaching aids for teachers.

He owns the following textbooks and manuals:

Alphabetical tables and for warehouses of church and civil printing (1782)
Primer (1782)
Abridged Catechism with and without Questions (1782)
Recipes and with them a guide for calligraphy (1782)
Rules for Students (1782)
A lengthy catechism with scriptural evidence (1783)
Sacred History (1783)
World History (1784)
Spectacle of the Universe (1787)
An abridged Russian history extracted from a detailed history composed by Stritter (1784)
Abbreviated Russian geography
General land survey.

Work at the Academy of the Russian

Almost immediately upon arrival in Russia, in 1783, Jankovic was elected to the first composition

Portal for the student. Self-training

Fedor Ivanovich Yankovic de Mirievo

Literature:

Biography

Origin

In Austria

In Russia

Biography

Origin

Education reform in Russia

Tutorials and guides

Work at the Academy of the Russian

RELATED ARTICLES