The transformation of factory and industrial territories into art clusters in Moscow is becoming a fashion trend. In the capital, industrial zones make up about a quarter of the city's territory and often occupy a very advantageous location almost in the center. For example, next to the Kurskaya metro station there are three clusters at once, created on the site of industrial facilities: ARTPLAY, Winzavod, Arma, Kristall. Assemblage point".

In the capital, the development of art venues is proceeding according to plan and does not represent spontaneous seizures by Bohemians of certain quarters, as is often the case in European cities. Although attempts to follow the western path, Moscow experienced a very short period of time in the 90s, when individual art communes spontaneously seized buildings and formed entire blocks around them with their own original life. But today there is no such practice in the capital. Industrial real estate is becoming more and more fashionable.

Machine tools and easels

How do production shops turn into creative spaces?

The first stage is the release or partial release from production. The factory is either completely closed and the property is vacated for non-production purposes, or the art cluster exists in parallel with the work shops. After the production leaves the site, the property is rented to representatives of the art community. The premises are fully equipped and put in order by the tenants, the building owners prefer not to invest in repairs.

Today, industrial real estate is increasingly being transformed into unusual office and exhibition centers, where companies associated with art, media, architecture and design, and science are gathered. A new term “creative real estate” has even appeared in everyday life. The most famous Moscow creative spaces today are Winzavod, Krasny Oktyabr, Arma, ARTPLAY, FLACON. The best lectures and seminars are held here, the most fashionable restaurants and clubs work here. If a company rents an office in an art cluster, then it is in trend.

Moscow creative clusters are diverse. Some consist of exhibition spaces, others of offices, others are trying to make a complex center with retail elements. Having created the image of an art object and investing in repairs, the developer does not incur losses, but, on the contrary, receives income, albeit less than when creating a traditional business park or office center. Often, as was the case with Krasny Oktyabr, for example, developers provide preferential terms for tenants: preferential rates and rental holidays for four to five months to compensate for their costs of finishing factory premises. The place quickly becomes popular and attracts tenants from the world of culture and art due to word of mouth. It is they who appreciate the unusual architecture and high ceilings of factories more than others.

Serial art developers

As an example of the successful synergy of trade and art, we can cite the ARTPLAY company, which has been creating creative clusters in Moscow since 2003. For nine years, the ARTPLAY team has equipped two art centers of the same name. The company's business from the first days of its existence included three areas: a furniture showroom, an architectural bureau and exhibition activities. The first two were profitable. Exhibitions formed the image and were a magnet for attracting new customers. It turned out a synergistic effect, which made it possible to create a fashionable place and at the same time briskly trade in expensive interior items.

According to the same scheme, the first ARTPLAY center was organized. Gallery with an area of ​​​​only 600 square meters. m was located in 2003 in the area of ​​​​Alexander Nevsky Street. However, already in 2004, the company formed a full-fledged creative cluster: it rented 10,000 square meters in the Krasnaya Roza factory building. About 10% of them ARTPLAY used for its own needs - organizing exhibitions and selling furniture, and 90% were subleased. Under the roof of ARTPLAY, it was possible to gather about 20 leading architectural bureaus in Moscow. Architects were a kind of anchors, offices were rented to them at a significant discount. The company received its main income from the lease of space for boutiques that sold furniture, ceramic tiles and sanitary ware.

In 2008, ARTPLAY had to relocate again. The owner of the factory (KR Properties) did not renew the lease. This, unfortunately, is a typical market situation. Artists come in, open up a second life to this or that ordinary industrial place, and the prices for local real estate begin to rise. As a result, the place becomes unaffordable for artists, they leave to explore new spaces. And bankers and businessmen move into their habitable offices. Today, in the business center built on the site of the Krasnaya Roza factory, respectable tenants rent space: Otkritie Bank, Yandex, the Knight Frank real estate agency, the French company Lafarge and others.

ARTPLAY has mastered a new industrial site - the territory of the Manometr plant, which belongs to the Alltech company. Having changed their place of residence, ARTPLAY managers decided that earning money according to the “rent - overhaul - sublease of space” scheme is too risky and costly business. At Manometer, the company acted as the project operator. All buildings of the plant, the total area of ​​which is about 75,000 square meters. m, were transferred to the management of ARTPLAY, which decided to reconstruct the entire territory of the plant as part of the overall concept of the "ARTPLAY Design Center". Over the past three years, only half of the former factory spaces have been developed. All reconstructed areas have already been leased out: 35,000 sq. m housed almost 500 companies. Completion of the reconstruction of the entire territory is scheduled for 2015.

ARTPLAY differs from most multifunctional complexes in the "face control" of tenants. Potential residents of the center must comply with the concept of the place, in which the fundamental word is “design”. Various design schools and courses can count on preferential rent. Today, one of ARTPLAY's anchor tenants is the British School of Design, which occupies a 5,000 sq. m. Young designers, on the one hand, generate a flow of customers for showrooms, on the other hand, they themselves are potential tenants of the center. In the future, to attract beginners, it is planned to open a space for joint work — a coworking center. Such an initiative may have a bright future. Key success factors: good location and good concept. It is especially valuable that the art centers "Winzavod" and "Arma" also settled in the Kurskaya metro area. It turned out to be a large cluster, as a result of synergy, everyone will benefit.

creative trend

Art clusters are extremely important for a modern city; it is in them that creative life is seething. Moscow joined the global trend of revitalization of industrial spaces less than ten years ago, and therefore half a dozen creative spaces of a new type are not so bad.

In the near future, the city government also wants to join the process: a creative cluster will be created on the territory of ZIL. Creative territories exist not only in Moscow, but also, for example, in St. Petersburg, where the Weavers Factory can serve as a similar example. The trend of turning industrial areas into creative real estate will become even more popular in the near future.

Marina Kirilina, curator of the exhibition program and work with the artists of the project

The editors of Buro 24/7 have compiled a selection of creative clusters around the world. What does the new word "revitalization" mean and what is an "art cluster"? Let's figure it out together

Art cluster and revitalization are concepts of the same root.From the area of ​​industrial production, the revitalizer makes a "third place", an art cluster where you can comfortably spend time: see an exhibition, buy clothes, meet friends, relax or work on a project. Who needs it? Everyone. Spectators, investors and tenants.

Loft Project Floors, St. Petersburg

The most visited cultural space of St. Petersburg. Since 2007, it has been located in the city center on five floors of an industrial building of the former Smolninsk bakery. Mmulti-functional art space united contemporary art galleries, several exhibition halls, a hostel, a coffee shop, shops, a view roof and a bar. According to TimeOut magazine, l off-project FLOORS has become one of the main symbols of the city. Ppioneer of loft design in St. Petersburgtakes pride of place between the football club "Zenith" and Catherine the Great.

DUMBO, New York

Now it is a trendy quarter with a rich history. In the 1970s, young artists began to arrive in the area, renting huge and affordable lofts and storage space for their studios.Later gallerist Joy Glidden founded the DUMBO Gallery and also became the initiator of an art festival.DUMBO Art Under the Bridge Festival.Breathtaking views of the Brooklyn Bridge, impressive Manhattan skyline, old warehouse buildings and vintage loftsDecember 18, 2007 received the status of a historic district.

Center for Contemporary Art WINZAVOD, Moscow

Art cluster WINZAVOD is a complex of seven industrial buildings of the late 19th century. Settled in the areaformer brewery, later the winery "Moscow Bavaria". Now about 10 thousand square meters are occupied by various spaces, dozens of galleries, creative workshops, shops, showrooms, cafes and dance studios. Also on the territory of the cluster there is a new platform for contemporary art "Platform", it combines four areas: theater, dance, music and media.

Fargfabriken, Stockholm

The plant for the production of agricultural machinery was built in 1889. Since 1995 it has been an exhibition hall.Main directions: architecture, urban planning, various fields of art.Färgfabriken - annual mvenue for city seminars and conferences. The space includesa large main hall with monumental columns and a preserved factory interior, two small halls for various projects, an exhibition program hall, a bright space for negotiations, and a cafe on the lower level of the building.

FLACON Design Factory, Moscow

The slogan of the design factory " Do what you want!" allows creative people to embody any ideas. Now on the territoryformer plant named after Kalinin onMore than 180 tenants sit and work on 25 thousand square metersover a thousand people. WThere are three venues for mass events here: Loft, The Cube, Action Park and a co-working area.The design factory regularly hosts cultural, educational and entertainment events - from private parties and film screenings to citywide holidays.

The place was created in 2009 on the territory of the former glass factory of Frederic Dutfoy at the end of the 19th century. Now it is one of the most popular art clusters in the capital, where you can see an exhibition, listen to a lecture, see a movie at the cinema club, as well as work and have a bite to eat.

Website: flacon.ru

st.m. "Dmitrovskaya", st. B. Novodmitrovskaya, 36, building 2.

st.m. Avtozavodskaya, st. Vostochnaya, d. 4, building. one.

In Soviet times, Syromyatniki was a large industrial zone and a slum near the railway station. Now one of the most famous museums in Moscow is located here, where exhibitions of contemporary artists and photographers are held. In addition, you can attend interesting lectures.

Website - winzavod.ru

This place is not just a class B business center, its architecture deserves special attention - noble brickwork in the spirit of a classic New York loft, stylish attics and a stove in the reception room. Food markets and other events take place in the courtyard of the loft.

Site - dm1867.ru

st.m. "Tulskaya", Warsaw highway, 9

Not so long ago, the Garage received the official status of a museum of contemporary art, but it has not ceased to be the center of contemporary culture. In addition to viewing interesting expositions, there is a bookstore, a cafe and a summer pavilion. By the way, it is located right at the entrance to Gorky Park, which helps to plan leisure time - after cultural education, you can take a walk in the fresh air.

Website - www.garageccc.com

st.m. "Park Kultury", Gorky Park, after the entrance - on the left.

It is strange to remember, but about ten years ago there was a chocolate factory here, where Moscow schoolchildren were taken on a tour. Now here is the real center of bohemian Moscow: exhibition halls, cozy hostels, shops, showrooms, offices, a rooftop cinema - all this is about Red October, one of the largest art clusters in the city.

Site - redok.ru

metro station "Kropotkinskaya", Bersenevskaya emb., 6.

This is a non-profit non-governmental project where you can apply if you already have a higher education, about three years of work in the field of architecture, media, design or urban development. It has its own atmosphere within its walls, conducive to learning and learning, and a convenient location near the very heart of Moscow adds value to this place.

Website - strelka.com

metro station "Kropotkinskaya", Bersenevskaya emb., 14, p. 5A.

This place can be called the real epicenter of the most fashionable and interesting. The creator of the Rubik's Cube (Erno Rubik) came here, the incredible "Ball of Robots" was held here, and that's not all: holidays and design fairs are often held in the Artplay courtyard. In addition, the center has many unique shops and co-working spaces.
This place is also famous for its roof: in winter people go skating here, and in summer they come to listen to live performances of famous musicians.

Website - artplay.ru

st.m. Chkalovskaya, Nizhnyaya Syromyatnicheskaya st., 10

st.m. "Novoslobodskaya", Krasnoproletarskaya, 31/1, building 5.

A photo: kommersant.ru, arguendi.livejournal.com, timeout.ru, msk.ros-spravka.ru, a-a-ah.ru/strelka, admagazine.ru, afisha.ru, gorod.afisha.ru, boomstarter.ru, www. redok.ru, societeperrier.com, grintern.ru,

The modernization of industrial centers and their transformation into original art spaces is experiencing a real boom. The industrial premises of old factories and plants are given new life thanks to the creative ideas of artists and designers. Rooftop cinemas, lecture halls, handmade shops, democratic cafes - a list of the most fascinating art clusters in Moscow in our material

"Bottle"

One of the most popular clusters is located on the territory of a former glass factory built at the end of the 19th century by Frederic Dutfoy. Trade and exhibition complex with a total area of ​​more than 20 thousand square meters. meters with many shops, boutiques and workshops was opened in 2009 and instantly became a real art haven for a creative audience.

Exhibitions, presentations and festivals are held here. The funny name - "Vial" - is preserved in honor of the industrial branch of the former design factory, which produced perfume containers for more than a century.

Location: Art. m. "Dmitrovskaya", st. B. Novodmitrovskaya, 36, building 2

2

Cultural center ZIL

The first and largest Palace of Culture in Moscow is a real monument of constructivism of the era of communism under construction. The project of the Vesnin brothers was not implemented in the most "bright" place - on the site of a necropolis devastated in the 1930s (where the Muravyovs, Naryshkins, Shakhovskys, etc. were buried).

The former Palace of Culture of the Proletarsky District of Moscow is considered the city's flagship project for the modernization of club buildings. Many of the original architectural elements of the Palace of Culture were recreated during the reconstruction in 2008. Work in ZIL is carried out in five main areas: dance studios, a library, performing arts, creative development and a lecture hall.

Location: Art. m. "Avtozavodskaya", st. Vostochnaya, 4, bldg. one

CSI "Winzavod"

Opened after restoration in 2007, the Winzavod Center for Contemporary Art is located on the territory of the former Volkonsky estate, which in 1810 was converted into a honey brewery.

The evolution of the industrial district of Syromyatniki, where the buildings of the former manufactory are located, is very rich: a railway line was laid along some of the buildings of the legendary estate, and the main house was equipped for a 4-class school. By the end of the 19th century, there were as many as seven industrial buildings here, which later became part of the Moscow Bavaria winery complex.

The author of the exhibition center modernization project, Alexander Brodsky, set the task of preserving the color and appearance of the former "slum factory". Today, fashionable exhibitions, theatrical performances and festivals are held at the Winzavod Center for Contemporary Art.

Location: Art. metro station "Kurskaya", 4th Syromyatnichesky lane, 1, building 6

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Artplay

This art center became one of the first clusters in Moscow. The stylized retail and office complex is also known as "Artplay on the Yauza". The site adjoining the Winzavod has turned into a lively "party" of artists, photographers, sculptors, lighting, engineers, decorators and other creatives from technology and art. Many are sure that the Artplay and Winzavod clusters will someday grow together and a real urban quarter of masters will appear here, uniting all the links of contemporary art.

The site equipped at the Manometer plant is located in a 9-storey building, designed in the concept of "office work, life and leisure." There are cafes, shops, and co-working spaces. In winter, you can go ice skating on the roof of Artplay, in summer you can listen to live singing of famous performers. At one time, the art platform was visited by the creator of the famous cube - Erno Rubik. The Ball of Robots was also held here. The territory of the cluster is a rich place of the modern art movement in Moscow with design fairs and exhibitions.

Location: Art. metro Chkalovskaya, Nizhnyaya Syromyatnicheskaya st., 10

5

"Danilovskaya Manufactory"

Former factory. Frunze originates in 1867: it was then that the merchant of the first Moscow guild, Meshcherin, decided to finance the construction of a weaving factory for the production of chintz and scarves with a full production cycle. The territory near the Danilovsky Monastery was chosen as a place for the manufactory - hence the name.

About 70 years passed from the moment of nationalization to the return of the name "Danilovskaya Manufactory" to the enterprise. Today, the business center attracts the attention of not only historians, but also fashion lovers: in the main building of noble red brick, designed in the style of a classic New York loft, with attics and a stove in the reception room, various creative events and exhibitions are held. Danilovskaya Manufactory is also known as a housing and office complex, many new buildings of which are adapted to the original architectural style.

Location: Art. m. "Tulskaya", Warsaw highway, 9

6

"Garage"

Previously, the Garage Museum of Contemporary Art was located on Obraztsova Street - in the premises of the famous Bakhmetevsky garage, built according to the project of Melnikov-Shukhov in 1927 under the English Leyland buses. A few years ago, the museum was moved to Gorky Park - to a temporary pavilion designed by the famous architect Shigeru Ban. The uniqueness of the design was that the oval room of 2,400 sq. meters with a dome was built exclusively from eco-friendly materials, such as paper pipes.

Since 2015, Garage has been located in a new location - the restored building of the former Vremena Goda restaurant. The uniqueness of the housewarming party is not only in the historical aspect (the restaurant building was built in the late 20s of the last century). The author of the project of the new "Garage" is the legend of world architecture of our time Rem Koolhaas, who is known for such works as the Guggenheim-Hermitage Museum in Las Vegas and the Seattle Central Library.

The idea of ​​"Garage" is globally culturological. Exhibitions, lectures, art festivals, presentations and demonstrations are held here, the task of which is to tell the visitor about the limitless scope and trends of contemporary Russian art.

Location: Art. m. "Park Kultury", Gorky Park, to the left of the entrance

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"Red October"

One of the largest art clusters in the Russian capital is located in the former building of the Krasny Oktyabr chocolate factory - on the territory of the spit of Bolotny Island. The transfer of industrial capacities of the enterprise to the territory of the Babaevsky concern was carried out in 2007. Since that moment, "Red October" began to live a new, cultural life.

The red-brick building, which is an architectural hallmark of Moscow, houses clubs, restaurants, offices, workshops, exhibition halls, galleries and boutiques. The center of bohemian life, successfully integrated into the city's infrastructure, is very popular with both Muscovites and tourists who look into the "Red October" on the way from the Kremlin to Manezhka, the Pushkin Museum, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.

Location: Art. m "Kropotkinskaya", Bersenevskaya embankment, 6

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"Arrow"

A couple of minutes walk from the Kremlin, on the territory of Krasny Oktyabr, Strelka is located - a non-profit non-state project, opened in 2009 and operating, among other things, as a kind of educational institution. Lectures, workshops, exhibitions, discussions for artists, architecture and urbanism attract visitors from all over the world. As the guests themselves say, the issues raised at Strelka are not discussed at ordinary universities.

There is an "institute" at the expense of the same name, located here, on the territory of the art cluster "Red October". The Danish chef of the establishment prepares exclusive dishes exclusively from farm products.

Location: Art. m. "Kropotkinskaya", Bersenevskaya embankment, 14, p. 5-A

"Punctum"

The cultural center "Punctum" is the author's idea of ​​Valeria Kosyakova and Daria Dmitrieva. A small art platform has an intellectual, developing connotation: seminars, trainings, round tables, lectures, discussions, master classes are held here.

An important element of "Punktum" are special creative workshops designed for people with disabilities. The art center also holds free events, thus supporting significant, relevant cultural projects and initiatives aimed at young talents, students and children.

Location: Art. metro station "Novoslobodskaya", Krasnoproletarskaya, 31/1, building 5

What is an art cluster and how is it different from any other commercial property? Landmark projects in Russia, their main characteristics. How does the prefix "art" affect the concept, appearance, interiors, etc.?

A cluster in general is an association within one territorial-geographical zone of industrial business projects in one technological area, as well as their fundamental developments and new systems for creating products and preparing them for production.

The purpose of combining cycles of knowledge and technology exchange within a single management system is to build supporting institutional structures, the pillars of the future cluster, which in the future will be the basis for the development of fundamentally new industries that do not exist today.

What else is important to understand in relation to the concept of "cluster" in Russia? According to the plan, this is the introduction of new technological solutions, which in the future should replace existing technologies in the arrays of old Russian industrial facilities. However, in fact, clusters appear as new industries that “sit down” in industrial parks according to the principle of “anchor manufacturer and the production of its suppliers”, gathering several within one zone.

In the case of an art cluster, such a reference, oddly enough, takes on a special meaning: after all, today in Russia, art clusters that already exist on the market arose on the basis of old, decayed industrial zones, or around them, in the territories of warehouse zones. In this case, industrial technologies based on the existing infrastructure (workshops, networks, warehouses, etc.) are replaced by non-production and “not quite” technologies: offices of design and architectural bureaus, showrooms, exhibition halls and galleries, shops for artists, restaurants and cafes, theaters, etc.

Significant projects in this sense can be considered the Art-Kvartal Zone between the Kursk railway station, the TTK and Yauza, which arose on 510 hectares and united Art Play and Winzavod, as well as the Gogol Center, the Flakon plant, Art-Strelka on the site of the former chocolate factory "Red October" with the presentation center Digital October, nightclubs, galleries and showrooms.

I would like to note that any art cluster begins as an attempt by the creative intelligentsia to make money on the success of their own creative potential, and turns (subject to success) into an art business that creates a special type of product - an art product that has its consumer (usually an average class of society); that the art business is the only type of business that did not suffer noticeable damage from the crisis of 2008-2009, but, on the contrary, benefited from it; and that, if properly managed, the phenomenon could be highly commercially successful.

This line of business, which has a pronounced image component, can become a powerful side stimulus and support for tourism, which is why it is supported and welcomed by the administrations of European cities such as Amsterdam, Berlin, Paris, Vienna, Stockholm, London (in fact, it is difficult to name a major European city without such clusters or at least zones occupied by this type of business).

What are the main components of an art cluster? What is it filled with (offices, trade, public areas, something else)? How are these zones divided as a percentage in the project?

The main components of the art cluster are the core of the cluster (idea, craft) and the art space that is formed around the core. The core can be architecture and design, photography or visual arts. This core can be represented by a studio/studios of photo and just artists, offices of architects and designers. If the theme, as they say, “goes”, stores serving it appear around the core: showrooms, stores of goods for this cluster (subsequently associated with it), exhibition spaces and galleries, libraries, lecture halls, halls for classes (for example, drawing, etc.). d.). Bars, hostels, beauty salons are also pulling up there, because visitors who have stayed up late need to relax somewhere and refresh their appearance in the morning. At the same time, larger projects are emerging: fashionable nightclubs, cinemas.

And if at the start, as a rule, there is no single idea and it is formed spontaneously, making up up to 100% of a conditional cluster, then as the cluster develops and opportunities to expand it, in the future this topic becomes more and more commercialized, I would venture to suggest that it becomes a successful brand , commercial project. The ratio of components is applied: the core starts to be 10% or even less, and the superstructures above it - 80% or more (from shops and showrooms to cinemas). And this is a universal principle for all examples of art clusters, regardless of their place of origin and origin.

How was the development of art clusters in Russia and in the world? Examples. What are the differences in the interpretation of this theme? Why is a former industrial zone chosen as a site in Russia? Is this a purely Russian invention?

Art clusters in the world arose in the 19th century, for example, Montmartre in Paris, inhabited by representatives of Bohemia and filled with galleries, shops and cafes of the “creative intelligentsia”. In the 20th century, a new phenomenon arises - the placement of art clusters in industrial zones, and this is not at all a Russian, but a pan-European phenomenon.

Examples: the Kunst-Werke Institute for Contemporary Art in Berlin, located in the building of a former margarine factory, an art cluster in London on the site of the former Shoreditch industrial district, Färgfabriken in Stockholm on the site of a spinning mill, which now houses a theater and various exhibition spaces. In Russia, these are Art-Strelka on Red October, Artplay, Winzavod, Creative space "Weavers" in St. Petersburg.

The main reason for choosing production sites for placing art clusters is the impossibility of using decayed property without their deep reconstruction and re-profiling otherwise than for accommodating such types of business.

But there are still differences. They lie in the mentality and perception of creative types of business on the part of the owners, and in the mentality of the creative intelligentsia itself. In the future, these subtle factors affect quite material ones - the conditions for renting and using the premises provided by the residents of the art cluster, the owners and support from the city administrations.

In European practice, the owners of a degraded industrial zone welcome the emergence of such activities, understanding the value of how much they will improve the image of the territory, and are ready to provide very reasonable lease terms, provided that the artist communities provide garbage collection, payment of utility bills and guarantee the non-destruction of the property, provided for rent, maintaining it in good condition. With the commercialization and success of the cluster, there is a gradual revision of the terms of the lease.

In Russian practice, the provision of preferential lease agreements to residents of art clusters is difficult to imagine. On the contrary, the owner will place warehouses better than artists and exhibition galleries, knowing full well what elements I propose to deal with. Therefore, rental rates for such users will not be lower than for other possible users of the premises. Support and benefits from state institutions will be difficult to justify and receive: the authorities are busy with more important state missions.

If we compare investments in an art cluster formed in the industrial zone and investments in a regular commercial real estate project implemented from scratch, what will be the difference?

Investments in the art cluster formed in the industrial zone at the initial stage will be minimal and consist only in light finishing of the studio premises themselves in order to adapt them to the needs of users. Most often, this finishing will be done by them ... and the initiators of the project will not even think about investments.

As the art cluster develops and its territory expands, the question will arise of raising funds for interior decoration for shops, exhibition halls (including art storages that have technical requirements), food courts, bars, restaurants. At this moment, the art cluster should have a manager who will take on these issues of management and redevelopment. Most often, if the owner of the industrial zone sees the success of the enterprise, he will become such a manager. The level of investment will still be low, and the raised funds themselves will be spent only on finishing and major repairs (replacement of building systems), while the structures will not be affected.

If further reconstruction is required, including the demolition of existing buildings that have become completely unusable, then investments in these parts of the development will be comparable to new construction, or exceed it in value, because redevelopment, which consists in reconstruction, is in any case more expensive than new construction.

Construction of an object from scratch involves significant investments, which the project initiators usually do not have, as well as redevelopment within the existing industrial zone. A developer always appears here (in 50% of cases, he is the owner), who takes over the management of this investment project, and subsequently manages it as an ordinary commercial asset.

Characteristics of areas in art clusters. Main pros and cons.

If an art cluster is formed in an industrial zone created since the 60s of the last well, then the main disadvantage will be the outdated, outdated infrastructure (engineering systems, networks, landscaping) and the decoration of buildings and premises in them. Depending on the territory of the cluster, the issues of replacing engineering systems can be resolved within 5-10 years of cluster development, interior decoration can be completed within 1-5 years from the start-up, landscaping - at about the same time. At the same time, the facades of the buildings will remain unchanged or undergo minor purely cosmetic improvements.

If an art cluster is set up in an industrial area whose history dates back to the 19th century and covers the period before the Stalinist era, then very interesting surprises are possible. To those technical problems that have already been described above, there will be added the poor, and sometimes catastrophic, condition of structures, the need to repair facades, and about 30% - restrictions on changes made related to the protection of monuments and cultural heritage sites. And now this is very significant. Because even a major overhaul means making changes to the original technical parameters of buildings, and reconstruction is a profound change in these parameters, including elements that are protected. And it's essential minutes. Although from the image point of view, the art cluster in the protected part of the city is much more successful: it will lie on the paths of tourist flows.

Art cluster tenants – who are they? It is possible on the example of specific objects.

On the example of Artplay: these are design bureaus, architectural bureaus, shop showrooms, restaurants and bars. And actually all those who have already been mentioned above.

Art clusters in the regions - are there any examples? Prospects for the development of the format in the cities of Russia. Where else can art clusters appear? What are the difficulties in promoting this idea?

Art clusters can appear in any Russian city that is a tourist center, and this type of business will certainly be successful if the tourism business is developed. First of all, this is St. Petersburg (although it is hardly a regional center - rather the 2nd capital), the city of the Golden Ring, the city of the Volga region.

But they are already there: these are souvenir shops and handicraft markets where tourists arrive, and in these markets, in the collapse of goods, you can sometimes snatch a real art product. The volume of tourist flow is the main limiter for the promotion of such business ideas in regional centers.

The second constraint for the development of an art cluster in a regional center is that it should be developed not in an industrial zone, which is far from the historical center of the city, but in the historical center itself, where there are restrictions (hygienic, fire) on the placement of art zones. clusters.

In this regard, Rostov the Great comes to mind with an empty Kremlin, around which are the ruins of buildings of the 19th century, and among them are the houses of artists who are very easy to recognize: a designer fence, a designer gate, a signboard. But this is only a targeted private initiative, and not a mass resettlement of representatives of the creative intelligentsia. The art space around them has not yet emerged, and we do not dare to predict the prospects for its emergence.