Human economic activity leads to a violation of the ecological balance, the emergence of abnormal natural and man-made situations: natural disasters, catastrophes and accidents with numerous casualties, huge material losses and violations of normal life conditions.

In Russia, there are two major accidents on pipelines every day, once a week - in transport, monthly - in industry.

Mankind faces many harsh natural phenomena every day. Tens of thousands of thunderstorms, approximately 10,000 floods, over 100,000 earthquakes, numerous fires and landslides, volcanic eruptions and tropical cyclones occur annually on Earth.

According to the UN, over the past 20 years, 3 million people have died on our planet as a result of natural disasters and catastrophes.

Emergency warning- this is a set of measures taken in advance and aimed at minimizing the risk of emergencies, as well as preserving the life and health of people, reducing damage to the environment and material losses in case of their occurrence.

Liquidation of emergencies- these are emergency rescue and other urgent work carried out in the event of an emergency and aimed at saving lives and preserving people's health, reducing damage to the environment and material losses, as well as localizing emergency zones, stopping the action of their characteristic hazardous factors.

Thus, the prevention and elimination of the consequences of emergencies, the preservation of life and health of people is one of the urgent problems of our time. For this purpose, the main principles of protecting the population and territories from emergency situations* are formulated, which are set out in the law of December 21, 1994 No. 68-FZ “On the protection of the population and territories from emergency situations of a natural and man-made nature”.

*Detailed in the textbook "Legal Regulation and Life Safety Bodies".

Principles of protection from emergencies- these are the most important fundamental ideas, rules, requirements that are of a general and binding nature (if they are included in laws) for all participants in the prevention and elimination of dangerous and emergency situations.

Let's name the most known principles fixed in the specified law and by-laws.

emergency warning, as well as minimization the amount of damage and loss in case of their occurrence, are carried out in advance.

Planning and implementation of activities in this area are carried out taking into account economic, natural and other characteristics, features of the territories and the degree of real danger of emergencies.

The elimination of emergencies is carried out by the forces and means of organizations, local governments, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, on the territories of which the emergency has developed. In case of insufficiency of the above forces and means attract forces and resources federal executive authorities.

The forces and means of civil defense are involved to the organization and implementation of measures to prevent and eliminate emergency situations of a federal and regional nature.

A number of fundamental provisions are contained in other laws, as well as in by-laws, in instructions and recommendations of specialists. They are interconnected and complement each other. We list the most significant.

Continuous monitoring of hazards, forecasting their occurrence and risk assessment. This principle follows from the principle of early warning, disclosed in paragraph 1, and ensures its implementation in practice. This logically follows the following "rule-principle" - informing.

Bodies of power and self-government, administration of organizations "We have an obligation to promptly and reliably inform the population and all interested parties about predicted and emerging emergencies, about methods and ways to protect the population from them. Concealment or presentation by officials of deliberately false information about the danger may become the basis for criminal liability. Moreover, judicial practice follows the path of toughening punishments for officials who hide (for the sake of “honor of uniform”) the true dimensions and facts of dangers. This problem is also relevant at the facilities of the education system, especially in its infrastructure.

Rice. 2.6. Organization of protection of the population in emergency situations

The principles of prevention and minimization of damage (see paragraph 1) imply a whole set of rules to strengthen the sustainability of facilities to the action of adverse and destructive factors.

Measures to ensure the sustainability of the operation of various facilities should be directed, first of all, to protect people, because without human reserves, the successful elimination of the consequences of natural disasters, as well as the implementation of other works, are simply impossible and partly meaningless. Skillful actions to save people, provide them with the necessary assistance, and carry out rescue operations in the centers of lesions can reduce the number of deaths, preserve the health of the victims, and reduce material losses.

The organization of the protection of the population in emergency situations is carried out in three main areas: protective structures, personal protective equipment, evacuation measures (Fig. 2.6); all of them are discussed in detail in Section 4.3.

Questions and tasks

The concept of dangers and their signs.

Hazard classification.

Sources of hazards.

Stages of studying hazards.

"Tree of dangers" and the method of its construction.

Characteristics of dangerous and harmful factors.

Classification of harmful production factors.

Management of environmental factors.

Principles of regulation of environmental factors.

The concept of extreme and emergency situations, similarities and differences.

Causes of emergencies.

Classification of emergencies.

Types of emergency situations in peacetime.

Stages of studying emergencies.

Ways to prevent emergencies.

Basic principles of protection of the population and territories from emergencies.

Build a “tree of dangers” for your apartment (institution), taking danger as a starting point: fire, building collapse, terrorist capture, etc. (at the teacher's discretion).

Analyze the dangerous and harmful factors available at your university (school).

Using online resources, compile an analysis of disasters in your area over the past 10 years. Analyze their causes and consequences.

Make an action plan to protect your university students from possible emergencies in your region.

With an abstract approach, all environmental problems can be reduced to a person, to say that any negative impact on the environment comes from a person - a business entity, producer, consumer, carrier of technical progress, and simply an inhabitant of the planet. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze some aspects of human activity that have a particularly harmful impact on the environment, including production, transport, consumption, the use of modern technology, urbanization, etc., as the main sources of pollution and environmental degradation. This approach makes it possible to single out those areas of human activity that harm or pose a threat to the environment, to outline ways to correct or prevent them.

Until recently, it was considered indisputable that a person commits serious violations of the environment in the sphere of production activity. Factory and factory pipes were the main source of air pollution, industrial effluents - rivers and coastal sea waters. At the end of the 20th century, when transport and non-industrial activities replaced industry in terms of pollutants, industrial and agricultural production remain one of the main sources of environmental degradation.

Emissions from road transport in our country amount to about 22 million tons per year. More than 200 types of harmful substances and compounds, including carcinogenic ones, contain exhaust gases from internal combustion engines. Petroleum products, wear products of tires and brake linings, bulk and dusty cargoes, chlorides used as road de-icers pollute roadside lanes and water bodies.

During the operation, maintenance and repair of weapons and military equipment (WME), there is a harmful effect on the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. The impact of military equipment on the environment is similar to the impact of transport, agricultural, industrial, earthmoving and other national economic equipment.
Maintenance is a complex of operations to maintain weapons and military equipment in good working condition when used for their intended purpose or during storage.

Daily maintenance includes inspection and daily maintenance. In all cases, maintenance should ensure the constant readiness of weapons and equipment for use, operational safety, elimination of the causes that cause premature wear and tear of components, reliable operation of weapons and equipment during the established overhaul periods, as well as the minimum consumption of operational materials.

Control inspection military, special and transport vehicles are carried out before leaving the park, on the way (at stops and halts), during classes and exercises. From an environmental point of view, its important elements are:

check of filling with fuel, lubricants, water;

detection of water, oil, fuel leaks;

Elimination of the causes of malfunctions when leaks are detected.

How important the last element is can be seen from the following example.

If gasoline or oil leaks at a rate of one drop per second, then about 4.5 liters of a polluting product falls on the ground per day, which will eventually appear in the water, and one liter of oil can spoil a million liters of water, that is, the amount water, placed in 20 railway tanks.
Daily Maintenance(ETO) of weapons and military equipment is carried out at the end of the lesson (stage of exercise, work) in order to determine the technical condition and prevent accelerated wear under the influence of dirt, moisture, residues of caustic liquids and substances, as well as to alert for upcoming actions.

During the ETO, the components, assemblies and parts of the machine are cleaned, washed, lubricated; identified faults are eliminated; fixing and adjustment work is carried out. Prior to the start of the ETO, during it or upon completion, vehicles are refueled with fuel, oils, coolants at field filling stations organized in subdivisions and at the fuel depot.

If malfunctions that cannot be eliminated by the crew are detected, current car repairs with the help of mobile repair facilities of a battalion (division) or unit.
All operations for refueling, maintenance and repair of weapons and military equipment are associated with the inevitable release to the ground of contaminated water, oil products, used cleaning materials, packaging, small rubber products and other parts. Therefore, all operations must be carried out on specially selected sites with hard ground or low grass cover, sheltered from ground observation. Such a site is equipped with gutters, group collectors (settlers) of contaminated water, liquids, used cleaning materials, packaging and unusable parts. At the end of the lesson (stage of training, work), the water collectors are neutralized, and the used materials and parts are collected in sealed containers and transported to the designated collection site for disposal (burial, destruction).

Sites for maintenance and current repair should in no case be deployed near water bodies and in specially protected areas. On tactical fields and other objects of training grounds and training centers, it is advisable to equip special stationary sites with a hard (concrete) surface for this.

Basic rules for preventing the occurrence of emergencies with environmental consequences

The main tasks in environmental protection are pollution prevention its harmful products of human activity and cleaning environment-forming natural components from emissions and discharges, if pollution has already taken place.

Priority must certainly be given to the fulfillment of the first task: to prevent pollution of one's own habitat.

Unfortunately, the satisfaction of the material needs of society, at least at the present time, cannot be carried out without causing some damage to the environment. However, this damage should be as minimal as possible, since the existence of man as a biological species depends on the preservation of the habitat. Each of us should try to find such opportunities to satisfy our needs that would not harm nature, but, on the contrary, would help maintain ecological balance and help its sustainable development.

The Armed Forces cannot stand aside from solving such a complex and urgent task, especially since it is they who have a colossal nature-destroying potential capable of destroying the Earth's existing ecosystems in the event of armed conflicts.

Prevention (warning) pollution of the environment is necessary both in emergency situations at military facilities and during their normal operation, when for one reason or another the values ​​of established permissible emissions, discharges and waste disposal limits are exceeded.

Prevention (prevention) of environmental pollution due to the activities of military installations can be carried out to a large extent by measures of both an organizational and technical nature.

Organizational measures include the following activities:

• planning measures to reduce the harmful effects on the environment in the course of military activities;
• planning measures to maintain technical means of preventing pollution in good condition;
• observance of the operating modes of the specified technical means;
• compliance with the rules for working with potential pollutants in accordance with current instructions;
• exclusion of spills and leakages of oil products;
• collection and disposal of oils, acids, alkalis and other technical liquids;
• collection, sorting and disposal of industrial and household waste;
• exclusion of violations of the vegetation and soil cover and pollution of water sources during the movements and actions of troops on the ground;
• minimizing the idle time of the engines of combat, special and transport vehicles;
• establishment of modes and directions of radiation during the operation of radio engineering systems, communication and navigation systems;
• termination of the operation of sources of electromagnetic, laser, radiation radiation and the exclusion of emissions of hazardous chemicals that exceed the established limits.

To technical measures include engineering methods and methods for cleaning emissions and discharges from operating energy, industrial, municipal facilities and systems from harmful components before they enter the environment.
To clean them, mechanical, physicochemical, chemical, biochemical, thermal methods and various means are used.

A variety of technical devices and installations are used to clean and neutralize exhaust gases: “dry” and “wet” mechanical dust collectors, filtration plants, dust settling chambers, centrifugal structures, foam gas cleaners, dust collectors of shock-flush action, ultrasonic devices, inertial dust collectors.

In order to treat waste and sewer water, the following technical devices are used: water settling tanks, grate-filtering plants, sand traps, oil traps, drum-vacuum filtering plants, centrifugal structures, dispersed plants, foam separators, ultraviolet plants, degassers for removing dissolved gases, oxidizing plants.

Prevention of soil and land pollution at military facilities is carried out in the following areas:

• destruction, neutralization and utilization of solid and liquid household waste;
• destruction, neutralization and utilization of waste from agricultural enterprises;
• land reclamation.

Mechanical and thermal methods are used to destroy solid waste. The main technical means in this case are mechanical crushers and special furnaces. Liquid waste is usually disposed of in so-called plowing fields.

Land reclamation provides for leveling of damaged soil and sowing it with plant crops, laying productive new soil on the damaged areas.

The nature of the impact on the environment of various military installations, which differ in their purpose, the type of tasks performed and other characteristics, is not the same.
The most environmentally hazardous are potentially dangerous military installations. These objects include:

• radiationdangerous - power nuclear installations; warehouses and bases with elements of nuclear weapons; nuclear research reactors; storage facilities for liquid radioactive waste; storage facilities for solid radioactive waste; spent nuclear fuel storage facilities; radioactive waste disposal sites;
• chemically hazardous- storages and warehouses of chemicals, including chemical ammunition (cassettes) with chemical warfare agents; storage facilities and warehouses for military chemicals; places of destruction and burial of chemical warfare agents; storage facilities and warehouses for rocket fuel components;
• explosively- and flammable - bases, arsenals, storages and warehouses of various types of ammunition, weapons and military equipment; storages, warehouses and bases of fuel and lubricants, aggressive liquids, volumes of compressed air.

Negative impacts on the environment are associated with the functioning of these facilities, violations of technological processes and accidents.

The activities of the nuclear fleet, for example, are characterized by the accumulation and storage of nuclear fuel and radioactive waste at coastal technical bases and special watercraft. It is typical for nuclear installations that even in the accident-free mode of their operation, fission products (gaseous and volatile isotopes of krypton, xenon, iodine) enter the external environment through microscopic leaks and defects in pipelines.

Nuclear weapons tests carried out in the atmosphere, space, under water lead to global radioactive contamination of the atmosphere and the earth's surface.

At such facilities as warehouses and bases of fuels and lubricants and other special liquids, with an annual turnover of materials and substances exceeding 50 thousand tons, the corresponding leakage is 5-6 percent, that is, at least 2.5-3.0 thousand tons. As a result, this leads to significant pollution of soils and groundwater.

Question cleaning and restoration of the natural environment is of particular importance in conditions when an emergency situation arises at the facility associated with a violation of technological processes or their release from control.

To the complex common activities for the restoration of the natural environment in case of accidents at radiation and chemically dangerous military facilities include:

• assessment of the type, nature and source of the accident;
• determination of the scale of the accident and damage to the natural environment;
• determination of a set of measures to eliminate the consequences of the accident and restore the natural environment.

The set of measures to restore the natural environment in case of accidents at radiation-hazardous military facilities also directly includes localization of the source of the accident and treatment of the contaminated area.

Localization of the source of the accident involves the termination of the operation of the facility and the exclusion of further release of radioactive substances into the natural environment.

The following methods are used to treat contaminated areas:

• treatment with dust suppressing compositions;
• chemical-biological detention;
• shielding with layers of clean material;
• enveloping.

Bituminous emulsions, polyvinyl alcohol, some industrial wastes and other special chemical compounds are used as dust suppressing compositions.

Chemical-biological retention mainly includes land reclamation using such formulations as: mineral fertilizers, mixtures of perennial grasses, latex, peat chips.

Great importance in land reclamation is given to soil treatment by methods of plowing, loosening, milling, disking.

To shield the contaminated area, construction and other sheet materials, soil, clay, sand, and crushed stone are used.

Enveloping contaminated areas involves the construction of ditches, barriers (earthen, concrete) or freezing of the soil.

In addition, in order to eliminate the consequences of accidents, contaminated areas are decontaminated by washing with a water jet, demolition of contaminated soil, buildings, structures and their removal from the facility.

Practically the same measures, methods and methods are used for emergency leaks of fuels and lubricants and aggressive liquids. At the same time, there are some features here, which are mainly associated with the pollution of large water areas.

The main methods for restoring water areas are:

• installation of floating booms (film or panel type);
• combustion of oil products on water;
• the use of absorbent (absorbent) material (hay, straw, sawdust, etc.);
• collection of oil products from water using ejectors, motor pumps, etc.

The localization of spills and leaks of oil products on the soil is carried out by reducing the degree of evaporation of the oil product, reducing the level of its penetration into the ground and limiting the spill site with embankments and ditches.

Foaming agents, foam hardeners are used to reduce the evaporation of an oil product, and structure formers, polymeric films are used to reduce penetration into the soil, or the soil freezing method is used.

The collection of the bulk of the oil product from the soil surface can be carried out using various absorbent materials - sawdust, peat, expanded clay, etc. (for example, 1 kg of sawdust absorbs more than 2, and 1 kg of peat - about 1.2 kg of oil).

In order to clean up soil contaminated with oil products, the following methods are used:

• removal of contaminated soil and disposal of oily sludge;
• removal of the bulk of the pollutant using pumping units and vacuum filters;
• blowing the soil with air;
• thermal impact on contaminated soil.

It is also possible to use chemical methods to convert toxic substances into non-toxic compounds.

System-112, the Russian analogue of 911, is a unified rescue service that was launched in 2012, but still does not operate throughout the country. At the same time, the number is available on any mobile, even if there is no SIM card or you forgot the pin code. Three digits should be dialed if you need help from the police, ambulance, fire department or FSB. The Village talked to a former system operator and found out why they don’t help if a person becomes ill because of drugs, how to, what incidents are the most difficult for them and who forces 112 operators to paint fences.

Why do they call 112 and what are the most difficult calls

It happened that people called and said that they were threatened with a knife, and then the connection was cut off. You call back - they do not pick up the phone or the subscriber is unavailable. And if you did not have time to give the address, nothing can be done, because there is nowhere to send the outfit. We see only the approximate location, and not a specific house and apartment number. In such cases, you call this number for several hours and wait for someone to pick up the phone.

90% of calls are requests to call the police and an ambulance. The most common reason for calling is heart pain. Second is the accident. Firefighters are called quite rarely, but massively: from one fire there are about 20 calls from eyewitnesses. The most stressful calls for me are related to the death of a loved one, traffic accidents, frostbite and loss in the forest. For example, a person calls in winter and says: “I have 1% charge left, I am lost in the forest and I can’t feel my legs, what should I do?” In such cases, panic begins already among the operators. Although, in general, special regulations are provided for "how to take a person out of the forest."

When I call from a mobile phone in a program on a computer, I can see where the call was made from. The program works on 2GIS maps, and the error is approximately 500 meters. If the call is from a landline, the location is not shown. I remember looking at the approximate coordinates of a person on the map and trying to figure out where he was. For example, he asked if he saw a tall tree in front of him, and so on. In our center, there were cases when the operator took a person out of the forest onto the road.

In the evening and at night, drunk people call about stabbing and crime. During the day, they are more likely to be treated with heart problems or poisoning. 15 percent of the total number of calls are false. Quite often, children play around. Sometimes they are punished: if the SIM card is registered to the parents, and the child often calls 112, the police come to deal with them.

Operator 112 must not take hints. In my practice, there were no cases when a person could not speak directly about possible violence and spoke in a veiled way. I have not heard about the fact that in America, when a person cannot speak directly about domestic violence, he calls 911 and asks for a pizza. If I had such a request, I would have said to contact the pizza delivery service. If the person didn't understand and kept asking for pizza, I would have hung up. I think it is always clear from a conversation whether a person needs help or not. But, if his voice is trembling and he says something strange, like asking for pizza, I would send the outfit. In such situations, everything depends on the intuition of the operator.

My most unusual challenge is in the north of Russia. A man from Moscow called and said that his mother, who lives on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, became ill and could not get through to anyone. That is, I had to call for help to a person 2,000 kilometers away. I told the man that I would take action now and started looking for information about the area, trying to contact their emergency services. In an hour, only the local gas service picked up the phone, which I called out of desperation, but its employees, through acquaintances, were able to get through to the local ambulance and transfer the call to them. Literally after four handshakes, the woman was saved.

One of the difficult moments in my practice was when a woman who was sitting at home with a child called, and her husband with a knife was breaking at her door. At this time, my husband's friends tried to get into the apartment through the window.

I have never experienced burnout, but many female operators take calls to heart: they go out for a smoke, take an hour off, and sometimes even leave their shift. One of the difficult moments in my practice was when a woman who was sitting at home with a child called, and her husband with a knife was breaking at her door. At this time, my husband's friends tried to get into the apartment through the window - it was on the first floor. I quickly called the police and talked to the woman, tried in every possible way to calm her down. I don't remember exactly what he said to her.

A person with a weak psyche will not cope with such work. Some employees underwent training, internships, then worked for a week and quit. Because of this, there were conflicts. For example, before starting work, the operator-linguist took a two-week English course, but when he went to work, he realized that he could not cope. As a result, he was required to return the money for training. The case went to court, and the former linguist lost.

Once I received a call from my friend who got into an accident. This happens very rarely. In general, people who have been in an accident sometimes wait for the police for five hours, so they constantly call us nervous and ask how long they can wait. And we can’t help in any way, because the police are busy, and they don’t provide us with information when they get to the accident.

Sometimes people call 112 to thank us: some even ask for an address in order to send a box of chocolates or a bottle of cognac, but we, of course, refuse everything.

How to become an operator

Working as a 112 operator is my first job, I got there when I was 18 years old. The guys I knew already worked there and said that there was an opportunity to get a job. First I did a two-week training, then a two-week paid internship.

At that time I was studying at a university, and 112 was a convenient part-time job for me, which is easy to combine with studies thanks to the schedule. Sometimes the service helped in passing the session. Some teachers, when they found out where I work, immediately set the machine. There was no doubt at all whether to go or not - in any case, it is better than working as a salesman in a store.

During the internship, I was taught to communicate with people, correctly build speech and work according to the rules. The teachers were old and still worked according to Soviet standards. In fact, they didn’t teach me anything, everything came with time.

When they put me on the phone for the first time, an experienced person helped me, he suggested how to build a conversation correctly. My first challenge is an accident with two dead bodies. I asked if there was a fuel spill, if there were any victims, where it happened, and then I redirected the call to the fire department, ambulance and police. There were also challenges to which I did not know how to respond. At first, I took every challenge to heart, but quickly got used to it, and soon they became the norm.

Trainings, that is, recertification, take place every six months. Operators spend about five hours with the same teachers who were on internships and have no practice. Any operator after six months of work has more knowledge than a teacher in a training center.

I worked in a reserve center in the Moscow region. If somewhere in the suburbs the 112 service did not pick up the phone for 20 seconds, the call automatically switched to us. A certain area was not assigned to us, more precisely, the entire Moscow region outside the Moscow Ring Road. If you call 112 and no one picks up the phone for three or four minutes, then some local system is broken, and the backup center is loaded with calls.

The system may fail due to a reboot, Internet disconnection, or loss of telephone connection. We worked with Rostelecom, which often had problems. As a rule, the system did not work for three to four hours. This happened infrequently, a maximum of twice a month and, as a rule, due to weather conditions - for example, wires broke somewhere.

How to speak correctly

First you need to accept the call, get information, and then redirect to the desired service. First of all, I introduce myself: the operator is such and such, then I listen to a description of what happened, write down the last name, first name, patronymic, address and phone number. While I'm talking, I must simultaneously print all the information on the computer. Filling out the questionnaire should take no more than one and a half minutes. At the same time, while you are communicating with a person, you have about 30 parallel calls in the queue. Even though there were 100.

If the caller says that there are victims, you must first call an ambulance. The ambulance operator sees a card filled out by me on his computer, I do not need to explain anything to him. Then, with one click, I can send the same card to the police or other necessary service. Everything happens in one convenient program, although, of course, I have nothing to compare with.

With any call, the history of previous calls from this number to the 112 service is displayed on my screen. I see, for example, that this person called an ambulance six months ago, and this one called eight times over the past week to plant bombs - such calls need to be transferred to the Federal Security Service . We usually contact the FSB about reports of mined buildings. Some people say 15 times a week that some building is booby-trapped. Everyone understands perfectly well that this is a prank, but I still have to pass the information on to the FSB, and they decide for themselves whether to react or not. As far as I know, such jokers are identified by phone and fined.

If the caller is drunk or under drugs, the psychologist will not work with him: this takes away his time, during which he can help someone who really needs help

If the caller needs psychological help, then during the call redirection, you need to communicate with the subscriber and support him morally. I remember a woman who was bathing a child called me, and he choked and died in her arms. Naturally, she was in a panic state, and while I called the police and an ambulance, I had to talk to her. Such conversations can last up to 15 minutes. We don't have a time limit - we talk as much as we need. Sometimes operators call back the caller to make sure that everything is in order with him. But this is not stated in the regulations. I didn't call back often. Not because I'm not interested in finding out what happened to a person - I'm just not up to it.

Operator 112 cannot reset the call - this must be done by the applicant. If insults are received against the operator, then we issue a warning, because insulting an official (we are considered employees of the government of the Moscow Region, we even had a crust) is a criminal offense. If the person does not understand, then you can hang up the call.

The conversations of operators 112 are listened to only if the emergency service has not arrived. They check whose jamb was: the operator, ambulance or police. There is always a human factor: you can accidentally forget and not send the card to the police or an ambulance. This has happened to me, but not often.

Who works in 112, where they sit and how much operators earn

Six people work on a shift: a shift supervisor, a linguist, a psychologist and three operators. The linguist knows only English, and the call for him happens about once a month. Therefore, all six equally accept challenges.

The psychologist prioritizes difficult calls: suicide and so on. If he is talking about an accident, and another operator has a murder and the person needs moral support, the operators change calls. The first question a psychologist asks is: Has the person used any substances? If the caller is drunk or under drugs, the psychologist will not work with him: this takes away his time, in which he can help someone who really needs help. The psychologist is trained every two months, and only he can talk for a long time with the caller. Once we received a call and were told that a man was standing on the roof and was going to jump. And at this time, our operator-psychologist has already communicated with the suicide. As a result, he took him off the roof by phone. In the three years that I worked in the service, no one died while talking to the 112 operator.

According to the documents, the shift supervisor should not receive calls at all, but in practice he does. Although, when I was leaving, a new senior came to us, who refused to receive calls: he only wrote a report in the morning and evening and did nothing else.

Approximately half of all operators are girls. In general, all employees can be divided into young people under 23, like me, and adults over 50. Of course, there are more of the latter, but young people perceive and transmit information faster. In addition, a lot depends on typing on the keyboard, which older people also do worse. There is even a certain requirement for the operator's typing speed. By the way, I learned to type with my eyes closed at work.

We have no staff turnover, and the same people always work on a shift. I had no conflicts with colleagues, only with the boss. He demanded that I do things that are not my job at all. For example, he asked to paint a fence or go to the other end of Moscow at his own expense to give some documents. Of course, this happened when there were not very many calls, but it still pissed me off. Another case: the manager's driver fell ill, and he told the operator, who has the rights, to pick up some guest from the airport. Such requests happened often: three times a month. If you protest, they will deprive you of your money.

He also often quarreled. For example, he could throw a tantrum because I came to work not in black pants, but in dark blue. As a result, I parted with the team on an excellent note, and with the boss on a very bad one.

In our open space there is a huge monitor for 20 million rubles, which is turned on only when checks arrive. An unbearable heat emanates from it throughout the camera room, and it is impossible for people who sit in front to work.

Work clothes - black bottom, blue shirt, orange tie and badge. I don't know why this is necessary, but those are the rules. The clothes are bought by the company, and the money is deducted from our salary. When I got fired, I had to pay for the shoes, which I wore for only two months.

We worked in a 1968 building on the college grounds. It has recently been redone, and now it looks quite modern. Our open space has 12 computers and a huge four-by-four meter monitor for 20 million rubles, which is turned on only when checks arrive. It displays a map of the area, but it is turned off because it emits unbearable heat throughout the control room, and it is impossible for people who sit in front to work. Our center is indicative, so inspections are carried out frequently - about once a week.

One of the problems of the office is the broken chairs of the operators. According to the regulations, the chair must work for two years, and earlier it cannot be replaced. Therefore, we repaired the chairs on our own. Somehow my back broke, I attached it with tape. Another classic office problem is air conditioning. It's always too hot for someone and too cold for someone.

The office has a kitchen and a lounge - three by three meters with bunk beds. Usually we drank coffee or tea in a capsule and talked. In general, we rested every hour for 15 minutes. But this is not according to the regulations, but as according to the regulations, I don’t even remember.

The working day lasts 24 hours and starts at nine in the morning, but you need to be at the base half an hour before the start in order to have time to put food in the refrigerator for your shift, change your uniform and prepare the workplace. At 08:50 there is a shift change, during which one person from the old shift continues to receive calls. Senior shifts report to each other about serious cases and pending calls.

They also had lunch in two shifts: from 12 to one and from one to two. Dinner is six to seven or seven to eight. At this time, you can go to the store, but I usually took homemade food. At nine in the evening we went to drink tea. On weekends, at the discretion of the senior shift, it was possible to rest for another two hours. When there are no calls, you can chat with each other or watch a movie. Not on the main computer, of course, but from the phone, although officially phones cannot be taken out at all during work.

At night they slept in turns: from ten in the evening to two in the morning and from two to four. Everyone has their own pillow and blanket - they are in the locker. I always fell asleep quickly because I was very tired. Sometimes, if there were few calls, we slept not four hours, but five - at the discretion of the shift supervisor. But when there are a lot of calls, then everyone sleeps according to the rules.

It happened that during the whole night we received only five calls, so some operators fell asleep right in their office chair and missed calls. It is not difficult to notice those who have fallen asleep - we have cameras hanging in the control room. For sleep, they were first reprimanded, and then fired. In order not to fall asleep, I turned on the volume of the call to the maximum, so that it literally beat in my ears. And of course, like everyone else, he constantly drank coffee.

Salary and dismissal

I was earning 24-25 thousand rubles plus a quarterly bonus of 8 thousand. At the same time, salaries in Moscow start from 40 thousand, so my parents supported me, and I worked solely for the sake of experience and money. I have a diploma and medals from the government of the Moscow region, which promised to raise salaries every month, but for three years this has not been done. Only on New Year's Eve they paid the 13th salary.

I did not like anything in the work, only the schedule. I worked day after three and sometimes asked for a day off - so it turned out seven days off in a row. And if you ask for three days off in a row, you get 15 days of rest. Many did so, but did not take a vacation at all.

The work of the operator 112 is hard and routine - it is like engraving a diamond that you sharpen every day, but can not finish it. After the shift, I always dreamed of only one thing - to get home and sleep for a couple of hours. Usually after work I slept two or three hours to have enough energy until the evening. But if in the morning it was necessary to study, then I did not sleep at all. I even handed over the diploma after the working day.

During my three years as a 112 operator, I became more responsible and self-confident. He left because he finished his studies at the university, and the operator 112 has no prospects. The head of the department and the ordinary operator have the same salary, only the first one has much more responsibility. After I left, I opened my own shop.

IV. Organization of information interaction of dispatch services on duty within the framework of the system for providing calls to emergency operational services for the exchange of current information.

4.1. Information interaction of on-duty dispatch services for the exchange of current information is organized in order to increase the efficiency and improve the coordination of joint actions of the DDS within the framework of the emergency operational services call support system.

4.2. The operator of the system-112 once a day controls the automatic transmission of information from the monitoring subsystem about the current radiation, chemical, biological, environmental, fire and other conditions to the DDS that do not have such information. At the request of the DDS dispatcher or in case of an emergency change, the specified information is transmitted immediately. The DDS manager acknowledges receipt of this information. Emergency changes include:

exceeding the established norms of background radiation;

exceeding the established norms for the concentration of chemical and harmful substances in the air and water basins;

exceeding the epidemiological threshold of morbidity in humans and animals;

urban fires of the 1st category of complexity;

increase in the area of ​​natural fires;

industrial emissions of harmful substances into the environment.

4.3. The operator of System-112 twice a day sends information about the meteorological situation and the predicted situation at potentially dangerous objects to the DDS. At the request of the DDS dispatcher or in case of an emergency change, the specified information is transmitted immediately. The DDS manager acknowledges receipt of this information. Emergency changes include:

a storm warning;

sudden cooling or warming;

the possibility of heavy rains;

deterioration of the predicted situation at potentially hazardous facilities.

4.4. Once a day, the DDS dispatcher sends to the system-112 operator generalized information about the results of responding to incoming calls, the status of calls that remain under control, and problematic issues that need to be addressed within the in-vehicle emergency call support system.

4.5. If necessary, to ensure current activities, the DDS dispatcher sends a request to the system-112 operator to receive regulatory or reference information regarding the operation of the in-vehicle emergency call support system. The operator of system-112 sends a response within the time period established in the bilateral agreement on interaction between EDDS and DDS.

V. Features of information interaction of duty dispatch services in various modes of operation.

5.1. According to the Regulations on the unified duty and dispatch service of the municipality, the EDDS operates in the modes of daily activities, high alert and emergency for peacetime.

5.2. The operating modes for EDDS and DDS are established by the head of the local government.

5.3. In the mode of daily activities, the EDDS is on duty in readiness for emergency response to the threat or occurrence of emergencies (incidents). Algorithms for information interaction of duty dispatch services in daily mode are considered in sections II and III.

5.4. In the mode of high alert and emergency situation for peacetime, the coordination of interaction between the DDS of emergency operational services is carried out by the operational duty officer of the EDDS.

5.5. The EDDS of the municipality and the attracted DDS are transferred to the high alert mode when there is a threat of an emergency, when joint actions of the DDS and the RSChS forces interacting with the EDDS are required to eliminate the threat.

5.6. In the high alert mode, during the information interaction of the dispatch services on duty, the following activities are additionally performed:

every 4 hours, the operational duty officer of the EDDS automatically transmits to the involved DDS the current information of the monitoring subsystem about radiation, chemical, biological, environmental, fire, and other conditions in the zone of a possible emergency;

the operational duty officer of the EDDS immediately transmits to the DDS incoming information about the forces and means additionally involved in preventing emergencies or mitigating its consequences;

the operational duty officer of the EDDS immediately transmits to the DDS incoming information about changes in the situation in the zone of a possible emergency;

DDS dispatchers immediately transmit the incoming information to the operational duty officer of the EDDS about the need to attract additional forces and means to eliminate the emergency threat;

DDS dispatchers immediately transmit to the EDDS operational duty officer the incoming information about changes in the situation in their specialization in the zone of a possible emergency.

5.7. In the emergency mode, the EDDS of the municipality and the attracted DDS are transferred in the event of an emergency.

5.8. In the emergency mode, when carrying out information interaction between duty dispatch services, the following additional activities are performed:

every hour, the operational duty officer of the EDDS automatically transmits to the involved RDDS the current information of the monitoring subsystem about radiation, chemical, biological, environmental, fire and other conditions in the emergency zone;

the operational duty officer of the EDDS immediately transmits to the DDS incoming information about the forces and means additionally involved in the elimination of the consequences of an emergency;

the operational duty officer of the EDDS immediately transmits to the DDS incoming information about changes in the situation in the emergency zone;

the operational duty officer of the EDDS immediately transmits to the DDS the instructions of the commission for emergency situations, the operational headquarters or other bodies that manage the liquidation of emergencies;

DDS dispatchers immediately transmit the incoming information to the operational duty officer of the EDDS about the need to attract additional forces and means to eliminate the consequences of an emergency;

DDS dispatchers immediately transmit to the EDDS operational duty officer the incoming information about changes in the situation in their specialization in the emergency zone;

DDS dispatchers immediately transmit information to the operational duty officer of the EDDS about the implementation of the instructions of the commission for emergency situations, the operational headquarters or other bodies that manage the elimination of emergencies.

5.9. The procedure for information interaction between on-duty dispatch services when alerting civil defense and in wartime is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the personnel of system-112, EDDS and DDS on actions in a special period.

VI. Criteria for call forwarding during information interaction of on-duty dispatch services within the framework of the in-vehicle emergency call support system.

6.1. Call forwarding is an integral part of the algorithms for information interaction between dispatch services on duty within the framework of the in-vehicle emergency call support system. Forwarding is carried out in order to increase the efficiency of DDS response to incoming calls and to ensure the fulfillment of tasks solved by the system-112.

6.2. The system-112 operator forwards the call to the fire department DDS dispatcher (if the system-112 operator does not combine both functions) in the following cases:

the presence of difficulties in determining the appropriateness of responding to an incoming call regarding fire safety;

receipt of additional information on a call previously forwarded to the fire brigade DDS.

6.3. System-112 operator forwards the call to the DDS emergency response dispatcher in the following cases:

the presence of difficulties in determining the appropriateness of responding to an incoming call related to ensuring the safety of the population;

receipt of additional information on a previously forwarded to DDS emergency response call;

the need for the caller to receive qualified advice on ensuring the safety of the population.

6.4. The system-112 operator forwards the call to the police DDS dispatcher in the following cases:

the presence of difficulties in determining the appropriateness of responding to an incoming call regarding law enforcement;

receipt of additional information on a call previously forwarded to the DDS police;

the need for the caller to receive qualified advice on law enforcement issues.

6.5. The system-112 operator forwards the call to the emergency medical dispatcher in the following cases:

the need to make a preliminary diagnosis to a sick or injured person;

the need for the caller to receive qualified medical advice.

6.6. System-112 operator forwards the call to the gas network emergency dispatcher in the following cases:

the need for the caller to clarify details or discuss the results of previous calls to the gas network service;

the need for the caller to receive qualified advice on the service of the gas network.

6.7. The operator of system-112 redirects the call to the dispatcher of the "Antiterror" service in the following cases:

receiving a message about a terrorist act or its threat;

accepting a call with information that can be used to organize and ensure the actions of units of the Antiterror service.

6.8. The operator of system-112 redirects the call to the EDDS operational duty officer in cases of classifying the incident as an emergency.

6.9. With a large number of incoming calls, in order to reduce the waiting queue, the system-112 operator can redirect the call to the appropriate DDS immediately after finding out the reason for the call.

6.10. The DDS dispatcher forwards the call to the system-112 operator in the following cases:

receipt of a call with a message about the threat or occurrence of an emergency;

the need to involve other DDS in response to the call, if it is difficult to find out the composition of the involved DDS;

detection of a call error and the need to call another DDS;

the need to provide the caller with qualified psychological assistance;

the need to consult the caller on issues that are beyond the competence of this DDS.

VII. The order of filling and the form of the information exchange card.

7.1. To ensure the unification of information transfer processes in System-112, a unified information exchange card is being developed. The unified card has a single information part for all DDS (including, among other things, data from the ERA-GLONASS system) and a specific part for each emergency operational service.

7.2. The unified information exchange card is filled in by system-112 operators and DDS dispatchers.

7.3. Filling out the card begins with filling out its general information part. At the same time, the information provided by the ERA-GLONASS system and telecom operators is filled in automatically with the possibility of manual adjustment.

The coordinates of the scene of the incident transmitted by the GLONASS system terminals (including the ERA-GLONASS system) are also filled in automatically.

7.4. The card is filled in using classifiers. The following classifiers and lists are used in the general information part of the card:

call response status classifier;

the scene of the incident;

the language of communication;

type of incident.

7.5. After filling in the general part of the card, one or more specific parts of the card are filled in in accordance with the list of DDS involved in responding to an incoming call.

7.6. The following classifiers and lists are used in specific parts of the card:

type of incident;

type of offense;

body type;

type of vehicle (TC);

call type;

the degree of relationship of the caller;

type of accident;

type of disease;

polyclinic;

type of treatment in housing and communal services;

type of terrorist act.

In the process of response, the involved DDS can correct their part of the unified card up to removing the card from control.

VIII. Features of information interaction with the ERA-GLONASS system

8.1. Information interaction with the ERA-GLONASS system is organized in accordance with these Regulations and the relevant agreement on the exchange of information between the system-112 on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and the ERA-GLONASS system (in accordance with Federal Law No. 149- dated July 27, 2006). Federal Law, article 10, paragraph 4), signed by the main department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and the operator of the ERA-GLONASS system.

8.2. The exchange of information is carried out between the navigation and information center (SIC) of the ERA-GLONASS system and the TsOV (RTSOV) of the 112 system, serving the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation, from which the ERA-GLONASS call came.

8.3. The exchange of information includes:

transfer from the SIC to the CTC (RCC) of information about the accident;

Receipt by the SIC from the CEC (RCEC) of information on the beginning and completion of emergency response measures to eliminate the consequences of an accident.

At the same time, information about the beginning and completion of emergency response measures to eliminate the consequences of an accident can be sent to the ERA-GLONASS system in a statistical mode.

8.4. The general procedure for the functioning of the ERA-GLONASS system in the event of road-transport accident provides for:

initiation in the affected vehicle (V) of an emergency call generated by the car terminal of the ERA-GLONASS system automatically (by activating sensors in the vehicle) or manually (by persons in the vehicle);

automatic transmission over the voice channel of the mobile operator's network to the regional switching node of the ERA-GLONASS system (RKU), located in the administrative center of the subject of the Russian Federation, on the territory of which the accident occurred, of the corresponding telematic electronic message with a minimum data set (MND) about the accident ;

receiving from the RCU and processing the received MND at the Research Center, generating an ERA-GLONASS call card and a message with a full set of data (PND) about an accident for transmission to system-112 of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, from whose territory the ERA-GLONASS call was received.

When the ERA-GLONASS terminal is automatically triggered, the RCU transmits the generated message from the PND about the accident to the Call Center (RTSOV) of the system-112 of the subject of the Russian Federation on the territory of which the accident occurred, and also establishes a voice connection between the Call Center (RTSOV) of the system-112 and those located in TC persons.

In the case of manual initiation of a call, the RCU switches the established voice connection with the affected vehicle to the filtering contact center of the ERA-GLONASS system (FCC). The operator of the FCC, if possible, asks the driver (passenger) of the vehicle whether first aid is required for victims of an accident.

When the ERA-GLONASS call is recognized as false, the FCC operator establishes a ban on further transmission of information to the 112 system and the voice connection with the vehicle is interrupted.

When the call of the ERA-GLONASS system is recognized as true, the FCC operator supplements the PND with new data received from the driver (passenger) of the affected vehicle, and then the same algorithm for transferring information to the system-112 is performed, as for automatic call.

8.5. The exchange of information about an accident between the call center (RTSOV) of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, on the territory of which the accident occurred, and the on-duty dispatch services "01", "02" and "03" at the place of the accident are organized as follows:

TsOV (RTsOV) provides automatic bringing of information about road accidents received from the ERA-GLONASS system (voice and data) to EDDS at the place of occurrence of road accidents;

At the same time, the TsOV (RTsOV) of system-112 must have the necessary resources for independent processing of ERA-GLONASS calls coming from the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, in the absence of the technical possibility of their automatic transfer for processing to downstream EDDS at the place of occurrence of an accident.

8.6. The information interaction of the system-112 with the ERA-GLONASS system can be carried out using two possible modes of information exchange:

automatic mode (main) - provides for the transfer of data between the respective systems without voice exchange of information between the interacting operators of the system-112 and the ERA-GLONASS system;

non-automated mode (backup) - provides for the reception by the system-112 operator by telephone (optionally by fax) from the FCC operator of the short reference identifier (KSI) of the ERA-GLONASS call and further receipt of information about the accident either by telephone or through a special website ( portal) of the operator of the ERA-GLONASS system on the Internet (using the received CSI for unambiguous identification of an accident).

POSITION
on the procedure for information interaction between dispatchers on duty
emergency operational services within the framework of the support system
calling emergency operational services on a single number "112"
on the territory of the Bryansk region

I. General provisions

1. This Regulation on the information interaction of emergency operational services within the framework of the system for ensuring the call of emergency operational services to a single number "112" in the territory of the Bryansk region (hereinafter referred to as the Regulation) establishes the rules for organizing information interaction of emergency operational services (hereinafter referred to as EOS) within the framework of the support system calling emergency operational services by a single number "112" (hereinafter - system-112). Interaction is defined as a joint, systematic, coordinated activity of the EOS.
2. The purpose of the development of the Regulations is to create conditions for information support of the activities of the EOS within the framework of the system-112 of the Bryansk region, making management decisions.
3. The territory of the Regulations is the territory of the Bryansk region. The Regulations apply to all on-duty dispatch services (hereinafter referred to as DDS) of the EOS participating in information interaction, as well as to other organizations by decision of the Government of the Bryansk Region.
4. Information interaction of DDS EOS within the framework of system-112 is carried out using complexes of automation tools (hereinafter referred to as CSA) of system-112 of the Bryansk region, which have a single software, information space and are united in a single network. KSA are interfaced with the available automated systems of interacting DDS EOS.
5. On the basis of this Regulation, the following documents are developed:
a) agreements on information exchange between EOS;
b) job descriptions for system-112 personnel;
c) training programs for system-112 personnel.

II. Goals and objectives of information interaction of emergency operational services within the system-112 of the Bryansk region

6. The purpose of the implementation of the information interaction of the EOS within the framework of the system-112 of the Bryansk region is to increase the efficiency of the response of the EOS to calls received by the single number "112", including in case of a threat or an emergency (hereinafter referred to as an emergency).
7. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved during the information interaction of the EOS within the framework of the system-112 of the Bryansk region:
a) determination of the content of information and types of redirected calls during the information exchange of EOS;
b) organization of sending information about calls (incident reports) to DDS EOS in accordance with their competence for organizing emergency response;
c) organizing the provision of operational information on the results of responding to calls (incident reports);
d) conducting a comprehensive analysis of incoming information about incidents;
e) registration of all incoming and outgoing calls (incident reports) by the number "112";
f) maintaining a single database on the main characteristics of incidents, on the beginning, completion and main results of emergency response to received calls (incident reports);
g) ensuring the compatibility of information resources of the EOS within the system-112 of the Bryansk region.

III. Composition of participants in information interaction

8. The participants in information interaction are the main call center of the system-112 (hereinafter referred to as the CSC), the backup call center of the system-112 (hereinafter referred to as the RCC), the navigation and information center (SIC) of the GAIS "ERA-GLONASS" (hereinafter referred to as the system " ERA-GLONASS"), unified duty and dispatch services of municipalities with deployed components of system-112 (hereinafter - EDDS) and DDS EOS, integrated into system-112, including:
a) the fire department;
b) emergency response service;
c) police service;
d) ambulance service;
e) emergency service of the gas network;
f) Antiterror service.

By decision of the Government of the Bryansk region, other organizations that need to provide information interaction with the system-112 can become participants in information exchange within the framework of the system-112 of the Bryansk region.
9. In their activities, EOS participating in information exchange are guided by the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the regulatory legal acts of the Bryansk region, the regulatory documents of the relevant ministries and departments, as well as this Regulation.
10. EDDS is the coordinating body for information exchange for all DDS of emergency operational services in solving the problems of system-112 on the territory of the corresponding municipality.
11. EDDS concludes bilateral agreements on information interaction of the EOS within the framework of system-112 (hereinafter referred to as the agreement) with each EOS DDS of the corresponding municipality separately. The signed agreements are approved by the leadership of the territorial bodies of the federal executive authorities, the executive authorities of the Bryansk region, organizations in charge of the relevant DDS, and the head of the local government.
Agreements must:
a) establish the main directions of interaction between the EOS within the framework of system-112 of the Bryansk region;
b) to regulate the implementation of information exchange between the EOS within the system-112 of the Bryansk region in various modes of operation of the personnel of these services.

IV. Composition of information to be exchanged during interaction

12. The exchange of information between the EOS is carried out at regular intervals or immediately in accordance with these Regulations and on the basis of concluded agreements. Information transmitted between the EOS within the system-112 of the Bryansk region is divided into operational and periodic.
13. Operational information includes information on EOS calls to a single number "112", including:
a) appeals of citizens;
b) emergency notifications and warnings about the forecast and fact of emergency situations, information on emergency management of forces and means, elimination of the consequences of emergency situations;
c) urgent information on the development of the situation in emergency situations and incidents and on the progress of work to eliminate them;
d) information on the results of the DDS response to EOS calls within the system-112;
e) monitoring subsystem information;
f) information on the state of forces and means of the DDS;
g) reference and forecast information.
14. Periodic information includes:
a) statistical information on the results of the DDS response to EOS calls within the system-112;
b) statistical information on the results of liquidation of emergency situations, material damage;
c) monitoring subsystem information;
d) information on the state of forces and means of the DDS.

V. Methods of information exchange within the system-112 of the Bryansk region

15. Information exchange between the EOS within the framework of the system-112 of the Bryansk region is carried out through the KSA of the system-112, which have a single software and information space and are combined into a single network of voice telephone communication between operators and dispatchers when forwarding calls, as well as the periodic exchange of necessary documents.
16. KSA are designed to automate the performance of all tasks assigned to the system-112 of the Bryansk region. In order to automate the process of information exchange between EOS within the framework of the system-112 of the Bryansk region, KSA provide filling and transfer of information exchange cards between EOS DDS. The transfer of an information exchange card between EOS DDS is understood as a notification to the corresponding DDS about the creation (adjustment) of a card that falls within the competence of the corresponding DDS.
17. Voice telephone communication between system-112 operators and EOS dispatchers during call forwarding occurs when a call is received by a single number "112" at the CSC, RCC or call center based on EDDS (hereinafter - CSC-EDDS) and the call is qualified as related to competence corresponding EOS. The need for voice telephone communication between operators and dispatchers is determined during the initial survey of the caller.
18. Periodic exchange of necessary documents takes place either according to the schedule specified in the agreement, or at the request of one of the participants in the information exchange addressed to the other participant.

VI. The order of information exchange when processing incoming calls.

19. A call to a single number "112" is received by the operator of system-112 at the CSC, RCC or CSC-EDDS, depending on the territorial location of the subscriber.
20. When receiving a call, the System-112 operator performs an initial survey, fills in the general part of the information exchange card and, if an emergency response is necessary, determines the EOS DDS involved in the response, notifies them by means of the CCA, terminates the call or redirects the call to the corresponding EOS DDS.
When redirecting a call to the DDS EOS, the operator of the system-112, simultaneously with the transfer of an information exchange card in an automated mode, if necessary, through voice telephone communication, informs the dispatcher of the DDS EOS the information received during the initial survey. If it is not possible to immediately redirect the call to the EOS DDS dispatcher, the information exchange is carried out only by transferring the information exchange card. The minimum knowledge for conducting a thematic survey in the direction of each EOS to fill out an information exchange card should be included in the training program for the operator personnel of system-112. Upon receipt of the information exchange card, the EOS dispatcher fills in a specific part of the information exchange card and, if necessary, calls back to obtain clarifying information on the incident.
After sending the information to the DDS EOS, the operator of system-112 controls the confirmation of its receipt, if necessary, provides clarifying information via telephone communication channels.
21. After receiving the information, the EOS DDS dispatcher organizes a response to the call. Actions for the organization of response are determined by job descriptions. If necessary, the dispatcher clarifies the information by the contact number of the caller. The DDS dispatcher submits all response actions to the KSA. After the response is completed, the DDS EOS dispatcher makes a corresponding mark in the information exchange card.
22. Control of the state of the call, if necessary, coordination of the actions of the DDS EOS is carried out by the duty and dispatching personnel of the EDDS. Removal from control is carried out automatically after receiving information from each of the involved DDS EOS about the completion of the response.
23. Upon receipt of reference calls related to the competence of any EOS, the operator of system-112, in accordance with the agreements concluded, after filling out the information exchange card, forwards the calls to the DDS of the corresponding EOS. To process the remaining reference calls, the operator of system-112, depending on the content of the question, uses the knowledge base of the subsystem of advisory services to the population of system-112 or the interactive information and reference system of the IVR voice answering machine.
24. System-112 operators and DDS EOS dispatchers are personally responsible for the correctness of filling out and maintaining the information exchange card, the reliability of the information entered into it, and compliance with the time standards for information exchange.

VII. The procedure for information interaction in the implementation of a comprehensive response to an incident or emergency

25. When carrying out a comprehensive response to an incident or emergency, the operator of system-112 determines the composition of the EOS that must be involved in responding to an incoming call. The selection is made according to the following criteria:
a) the fire service is involved in the presence of open or closed fires, heavy smoke, the need to evacuate people, the threat of an emergency or an incident that may result in a fire;
b) the involvement of the emergency response service is carried out if it is necessary to carry out emergency rescue operations, as well as the threat of an emergency or an incident, as a result of which such work may be required;
c) the involvement of the police service occurs in the presence of traffic accidents, the need for immediate arrival at the scene of a crime, an administrative offense, the scene of an accident; suppression of illegal acts; eliminate the threat to the safety of citizens and public safety; documenting the circumstances of the commission of a crime, an administrative offense, the circumstances of an incident; ensuring the safety of traces of a crime, an administrative offense, an incident; taking urgent measures in emergency situations to save citizens, protect property left unattended, and promote the uninterrupted work of rescue services in these conditions;
d) the involvement of the ambulance service occurs when there are dead, sick or injured people at the scene, the threat of an emergency or an incident, the results of which may be dangerous to life and health of people;
e) the emergency service of the gas network is involved in the presence of a smell of gas, the cessation of gas supply to the consumer without disconnecting it from the gas supply network, the destruction of gas communications that led to an uncontrolled explosion or gas release, as well as the threat of an emergency or an accident that could result in damage to the gas infrastructure of housing and communal services ;
f) the involvement of the "Antiterror" service is carried out when committing or threatening to commit terrorist acts.
Additional criteria for engaging EOS in response are determined in agreements on information exchange between EOS.
26. In the event of a comprehensive response to an incoming call, DDS dispatchers of all involved EOS provide support and coordination of the actions of the involved subordinate units. Information about changes in the situation, the DDS EOS dispatcher enters into the system-112 information exchange card immediately.
27. Duty and dispatching personnel of EDDS:
a) monitors the actions of involved DDS;
b) informs all DDS of changes in the operational situation in the area of ​​the incident;
c) controls the completion of the response by all involved DDS.

VIII. The order of information interaction in the daily exchange of information

28. The mechanism of information exchange is determined in the agreement on information exchange of EOS within the framework of system-112.
29. In order to improve activities, improve the planning of coordination of joint actions of the EOS and the formation of reporting within the framework of the system-112 between the participants in information interaction, during the day, according to the approved schedule, periodic information is exchanged.
30. Once a day, the duty and dispatching personnel of the EDDS controls the automatic transmission of information from the monitoring subsystem about the current radiation, chemical, biological, environmental, fire and other situation in the EOS. Such information is also provided upon reasonable request by EOS outside of the schedule. EOS DDS Manager confirms the receipt of this periodic information. In the event of an emergency dangerous change in the situation, the specified information is transmitted immediately, and an information exchange card is formed. The monitored parameters of the monitoring subsystem in the framework of the exchange of periodic information include:
a) exceeding the established norms of background radiation;
b) exceeding the established norms for the concentration of chemical and harmful substances in the air and water basins;
c) exceeding the epidemiological threshold of morbidity in humans and animals;
d) increasing the number (rank) of the fire, the fire of the highest number (rank);
e) increase in the area of ​​natural fires;
f) industrial emissions of harmful substances into the environment.
31. In order to ensure information interaction between the EOS within the framework of the 112 system, the duty and dispatch personnel of the EDDS send information to the EOS about the meteorological situation and the predicted situation at potentially dangerous objects once a day. Such information is also provided upon reasonable request by EOS outside of the schedule. The DDS EOS operator confirms receipt of this information. In case of an emergency change, the specified information is transmitted immediately. The parameters of the meteorological situation controlled by the EDDS within the framework of the exchange of periodic information include:
a) storm warning;
b) the possibility of heavy rains;
c) deterioration of the predicted situation at potentially hazardous facilities.
32. If necessary, to ensure the current activities of the EOS within the framework of the system-112, they can send requests to other participants in the information exchange to receive regulatory or reference information regarding the operation of the system-112, the results of emergency response, the state of forces and means. The response to the request is sent within the time period established in the agreements between the EOS within the framework of the system-112.

IX. Peculiarities of Information Interaction in Different Modes of Functioning of Emergency Operational Services Personnel

33. In accordance with the Regulations on the system for providing emergency calls to the single number "112", approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 21, 2011 No. 958, the system-112 is intended for information support of EDDS of municipalities.
34. In accordance with GOST R 22.7.01-2016 “Safety in emergency situations. Unified duty-dispatching service. Basic Provisions”, Regulations on the EDDS of the municipality, approved by the protocol of the Government Commission for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergencies and Ensuring Fire Safety dated August 28, 2015 No. 7, EDDS operates in the modes of daily activities, high alert and emergency for peacetime.
35. The operating modes for EDDS are established by the head of the local government.
36. In the mode of daily activities, the EDDS is on duty in readiness for emergency response to the threat of the occurrence or occurrence of emergencies (incidents). The order of information interaction of the EOS within the framework of the system-112 in the daily mode of operation of the EDDS is regulated by sections VI - VIII of this Regulation.
37. In the mode of high alert and emergency for peacetime, the coordination of interaction between the DDS EOS is carried out by the operational duty officer of the EDDS.
The EDDS of the municipality and the involved DDS of the EOS are transferred to the high alert mode when there is a threat of an emergency.
38. In the high-alert mode during the information exchange of the EOS, the following activities are additionally performed:
a) the operational duty officer of the EDDS immediately transmits to the EOS incoming information about the forces and means additionally involved in preventing emergencies or mitigating its consequences;
b) the operational duty officer of the EDDS immediately transmits to the EOS incoming information about changes in the situation in the zone of a possible emergency;
c) DDS EOS dispatchers immediately transmit the incoming information to the operational duty officer of the EDDS about the need to attract additional forces and means to eliminate the emergency threat;
d) DDS EOS dispatchers immediately transmit to the EDDS operational duty officer the incoming information about changes in the situation according to their specialization in the zone of a possible emergency.

39. In the emergency mode, the EDDS of the municipality and the attracted DDS of the EOS are transferred in the event of an emergency.
40. In the emergency mode, when carrying out information interaction of the EOS within the framework of the system-112, the following activities are additionally performed:
a) the operational duty officer of the EDDS immediately transmits to the EOS the incoming information on the forces and means additionally involved in the elimination of the consequences of the emergency;
b) the operational duty officer of the EDDS immediately transmits to the EOS incoming information about changes in the situation in the emergency zone;
c) the operational duty officer of the EDDS immediately transmits to the EOS the instructions of the commission for emergency situations, the operational headquarters or other bodies that manage the liquidation of emergencies;
d) DDS EOS dispatchers immediately transmit the incoming information to the operational duty officer of the EDDS about the need to attract additional forces and means to eliminate the consequences of an emergency;
e) DDS EOS dispatchers immediately transmit to the EDDS operational duty officer the incoming information about changes in the situation in their specialization in the emergency zone;
f) DDS EOS dispatchers immediately transmit information to the operational duty officer of the EDDS about the implementation of the instructions of the commission for emergency situations, the operational headquarters or other bodies that manage the liquidation of emergencies.
Information about the actions of the involved forces and means of each EOS DDS is entered into the system-112 information exchange card by the corresponding service.
41. The procedure for information interaction of the DDS when alerting civil defense and in wartime is carried out in accordance with the instructions to the personnel of the system-112, EDDS and DDS EOS on actions in a special period.

X. Rules for call forwarding, involving additional specialists (translator, psychologist) in the conversation

42. Call forwarding is an integral part of the EOS information exchange procedure within the system-112 of the Bryansk region. Call forwarding refers to call forwarding to EOS in accordance with its competence.
43. The operator of system-112 redirects the call to the dispatcher of the DDS fire department in the following cases:
a) the presence of difficulties in determining the appropriateness of responding to an incoming call regarding fire safety;
b) qualification of the call as related to the responsibility of the fire service;
c) receipt of additional information on a call previously forwarded to the DDS of the fire department.
44. The operator of system-112 redirects the call to the DDS emergency response dispatcher in the following cases:
a) the presence of difficulties in determining the appropriateness of responding to an incoming call regarding ensuring the safety of the population;
b) qualification of the call as being the responsibility of the emergency response service;
c) receipt of additional information on a call previously forwarded to DDS emergency response;
d) the need for the caller to receive qualified advice on issues of ensuring the safety of the population.
45. The operator of system-112 redirects the call to the police DDS dispatcher in the following cases:
a) qualification of the call as related to police activities;
b) receipt of additional information on a call previously forwarded to the DDS police.
46. ​​The operator of system-112 redirects the call to the dispatcher of the DDS ambulance in the following cases:
a) the need to make a preliminary diagnosis to a sick or injured person;
b) qualification of the call as related to the responsibility of the ambulance service;
c) the need for the caller to receive qualified advice on medical issues.
47. The operator of system-112 redirects the call to the dispatcher of the emergency service of the gas network in the following cases:
a) qualification of the call as related to the responsibility of the emergency service of the gas network;
b) the need for the caller to clarify the details or discuss the results of previous calls to the emergency service of the gas network;
c) the need for the caller to receive qualified advice on the emergency service of the gas network.
48. The operator of system-112 redirects the call to the dispatcher of the "Antiterror" service in the following cases:
a) receiving a message about a terrorist act or its threat;
b) accepting a call with information that can be used to organize and ensure the actions of the units of the Anti-Terror Service.
49. The operator of system-112 forwards the call to the FKU "TsUKS GU EMERCOM of Russia for the Bryansk Region" in cases of classifying the incident as an emergency.
50. Dispatchers DDS EOS when forwarding a call are responsible for filling out specific parts of the information exchange cards in accordance with their area of ​​responsibility.
With a large number of incoming calls, in order to reduce the waiting queue, the system-112 operator can redirect the call to the appropriate DDS immediately after finding out the reason for the call. In this case, the EOS DDS dispatcher also fills in the general part of the information exchange card.
51. Dispatcher DDS EOS makes call forwarding to the operator of system-112 in the following cases:
a) receipt of a call with a message about the threat or occurrence of an emergency;
b) the need to involve other DDS in response to the call, if it is difficult to find out the composition of the involved DDS;
c) detection of a call error and the need to call another DDS;
d) the need to provide the caller with qualified psychological assistance;
e) the need to consult the caller on issues that are beyond the competence of this DDS.
52. The operator of system-112 involves an interpreter in the conversation when a call is received in a foreign language or the language of the peoples of the Russian Federation, which are included in the list of languages ​​​​accepted for servicing calls by system-112 on the territory of the Bryansk region, if the operator of system-112 himself does not speak the language of the caller subscriber. The skills of determining the language of the subscriber from the specified list are included in the training program for the operator personnel of system-112.
53. The staff of the interpreter service can perform either the functions of the operator-112 when receiving calls, or the functions of simultaneous translation when the operator of the system-112 is talking with the subscriber.
If the staff of the interpreter service performs the functions of system-112 operators, then the system-112 operator who accepted the call, after identifying the language, forwards the call to an operator who speaks the corresponding language and disconnects from the conversation. The translator in this case is responsible for filling in all parts of the information exchange card. If necessary, he connects the EOS DDS dispatcher to the conversation, which is responsible for this incoming call, and performs the function of simultaneous translation in the conversation.
If the staff of the interpreter service performs only the functions of simultaneous translation, then the operator of the system-112 who accepted the call, after identifying the language, connects to the conversation an interpreter who knows the corresponding language. At the same time, the operator of the system-112, in the course of a conversation using simultaneous translation, fills in the common part of the information exchange card, if necessary, redirects the call to the DDS EOS without turning off the interpreter. When the call is forwarded to DDS EOS, the interpreter continues to perform simultaneous translation in the conversation between the DDS EOS dispatcher and the subscriber.
54. When a call is received requiring the provision of psychological assistance, the operator of the system-112 makes an appropriate mark in the information exchange card and redirects the call to a psychologist service specialist.
At the end of the conversation, the psychologist service specialist enters the necessary information into the information exchange card and makes a note about the completion of the call processing.
When the psychologist service is involved remotely on a contractual basis, the specialist of the psychologist service, at the end of the conversation, brings the necessary information to the system-112 operator, who enters it into the information exchange card and makes a mark on the completion of the call processing.

XI. Features of information interaction of emergency operational services in inter-municipal and inter-subject interaction within the framework of system-112

55. In order to increase the efficiency and optimize the process of responding to incoming calls with a significant remoteness of the location of the EOS of a particular municipality from its border, the forces and means of the EOS of a neighboring municipality located in relative proximity to the specified border can be involved in responding to a call.
56. In the event that the TsOV-EDDS receives a call (an incident report) from the territory of a neighboring municipality, which is part of the area of ​​responsibility of the EOS of the municipality that received the call, within the boundaries of the Bryansk region, the system-112 operator processes the call according to the standard algorithm.
57. When a call is received from a territory located outside the established area of ​​responsibility of the EOS of the municipality within the boundaries of the Bryansk region, the system-112 operator fills out the general part of the information exchange card and redirects the call to the system-112 operator of the municipal district whose area of ​​responsibility includes the territory from which the call came. The operator of system-112, to whom the call was forwarded, organizes a response to it according to the standard algorithm.
58. In order to organize information interaction between EOS within the framework of system-112, when processing calls coming from the territory of neighboring constituent entities of the Russian Federation, bilateral agreements between subjects are concluded, which are approved by the executive authorities of both subjects. In accordance with such agreements, the territorial zones of responsibility of the EOS of border municipalities of each subject of the Russian Federation are established. The territorial areas of responsibility of the EOS of one subject of the Russian Federation may extend to the territory of a neighboring subject of the Russian Federation, the EOS of which are located at a much greater distance from its border. The agreements also define the procedure for coordinating the actions of the forces and means of different subjects involved in responding to one challenge. The EDDS of the municipality whose territorial zone of responsibility includes the scene of the incident is responsible for coordinating such actions.
59. In the presence of signed inter-subject bilateral agreements, the algorithm for processing incoming calls in border municipalities coincides with the algorithm for processing calls during inter-municipal information exchange of EOS within the framework of system-112 on the territory of one subject.

XII. The procedure for filling out and the form of the information exchange card

60 To ensure the unification of information transfer processes in the system-112, a unified information exchange card (hereinafter referred to as the card) is used. The unified card has a single information part for all DDS and a specific part for each EOS.
61. The unified information exchange card is filled in by system-112 operators and DDS dispatchers.
Filling out the card begins with filling out its general information part. At the same time, information provided by telecom operators is filled in automatically with the possibility of manual adjustment.
The coordinates of the scene of the incident, transmitted by the GLONASS system terminals, are also filled in automatically.
Next, information about the incident, the place of the incident and information about the applicant are filled in.
The card is filled in using classifiers. The following classifiers and lists are used in the general information part of the card:
call response status classifier;
the scene of the incident;
the street;
road;
the language of communication;
an object;
type of incident.
After filling in the general part of the card, one or more specific parts of the card are filled in in accordance with the list of DDS involved in responding to an incoming call.
The following classifiers and lists are used in specific parts of the card:
type of incident;
type of offense;
growth;
body type;
type of vehicle (TC);
vehicle color;
call type;
the degree of relationship of the caller;
type of accident;
type of disease;
polyclinic;
type of treatment in housing and communal services;
type of terrorist act.
In the process of response, the involved DDS can correct their part of the card up to removing the card from control.
62. In order to avoid loss of time during an emergency prompt response to incoming calls, if necessary, it is allowed to enter the minimum amount of data into a unified information exchange card with its subsequent immediate sending to the relevant participants (subjects) of information interaction.

XIII. Features of information interaction with the ERA-GLONASS system

63. Information interaction with the ERA-GLONASS system is organized in accordance with these Regulations and the relevant agreement on the procedure for information interaction between the ERA-GLONASS GAIS operator and the authorized state authority of the Bryansk region in case such an agreement is concluded.
64. The exchange of information is carried out between the SIC of the "ERA-GLONASS" system and the TsOV (RTsOV) of the 112 system of the Bryansk region.
65. Exchange of information includes:
transfer from the SIC to the CTC (RCC) of information about the accident;
Receipt by the SIC of the Center for Information Centers (RTsOV) of information on the beginning and completion of emergency response measures to eliminate the consequences of an accident.
At the same time, information about the beginning and completion of emergency response measures to eliminate the consequences of an accident can be sent to the ERA-GLONASS system in a statistical mode.