How many times was Volgograd renamed?
Volgograd was renamed twice. This city was founded in 1589 and was first called Tsaritsyn, because it was originally located on an island on the Tsaritsa River. The local peoples in Turkic called this river "sary-su" - "yellow water", the name of the city goes back to the Turkic "sary-sin", which means "yellow island".
At first it was a small border military town, which often repulsed the raids of nomads and rebel troops. However, later Tsaritsyn became an industrial center.
In 1925, Tsaritsyn was renamed for the first time in honor of Stalin in Stalingrad. During the Civil War, Stalin was chairman of the Military Council of the North Caucasian Military District. He led the defense of Tsaritsyn from the Don army of Ataman Krasnov.
In 1961 the city was renamed for the second time. From Stalingrad, he turned into Volgograd. This happened just at the time of the debunking of the "cult of personality of Stalin"
Who and when wanted to return the old names to the city?
The debate about renaming Volgograd back to Stalingrad or Tsaritsyn has been going on for a long time. This issue has been repeatedly discussed in the media. The return of the name Stalingrad to the city is usually advocated by the communists. In addition to the Communists, for some reason residents of St. Petersburg collected signatures in support of this initiative, which surprised the people of Volgograd themselves. Another part of the residents periodically asks to return the pre-revolutionary name Tsaritsyn to Volgograd.
However, many citizens do not support the initiative to rename the city. For 50 years, they have become quite accustomed to the name Volgograd and would not want to change anything.
Did the authorities really decide that Volgograd would be called Stalingrad?
Yes, but, paradoxically, the city will be called Stalingrad only a few days a year.
February 2 - on the day of the defeat of the Nazi troops in the Battle of Stalingrad, May 9 - on Victory Day, June 22 - on the Day of Memory and Sorrow, September 2 - on the Day of the end of World War II, August 23 - on the Day of Remembrance of the victims of the massive bombing of Stalingrad fascist German aviation and November 19 - on the Day of the beginning of the defeat of the fascist troops near Stalingrad.
The name "Hero City of Stalingrad" will be used at citywide public events. During the rest of the year, the city will remain Volgograd.
This decision was made by the deputies of the Volgograd City Duma on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad.
According to the deputies, the document on the use of the name "Hero City of Stalingrad" on memorable days was adopted on the basis of numerous appeals from veterans.
Last picture: Volgograd. Panorama of the Battle of Stalingrad. Fragment.
The city of Stalingrad: what is it called now, and what was its name before? This will be our conversation.Turning the pages of history, one can understand that the city has a complex, heroic biography.Tsaritsyn, Stalingrad, Volgograd - all these are the names of the same city. Few cities in Russia have changed their names three times in their history.
Tsaritsyn
Let's start the journey into history from the distant 16th century, when the city of Tsaritsyn was erected on the banks of the Volga, designed to become one of the trade and political centers that was needed here, since the river in those days was a means of transportation in summer for ships, in winter - for carts . And this path had to be maintained and protected from enemy attacks.
The wooden fortress erected here in 1589, built by settlers, was burnt down by the tsarist troops. Stone structures appeared in place of the wooden ones. The settlement roamed from place to place, sometimes rebuilding on the right bank of the Volga, sometimes on the left. Either the Cossacks ruled there, or the Adyghes, Circassians, Nogais ran in.
This went on until Peter the Great arrived in the city and ordered the construction of the Tsaritsyno guard line, giving the city his cap and cane, which are kept in the museum to this day. It happened in 1718.
Many more terrible events befell the city of Tsaritsyn: two devastating fires, the raid of Emelyan Pugachev, a settlement on the banks of the Volga by German colonists.
In the 19th century, Tsaritsyn reached an unprecedented flourishing. The first school opened in the city, doctors began to receive patients, a mustard factory opened, potatoes began to grow in the fields, and a railway line appeared. These events turned out to be only the forerunners of the rapid development of Tsaritsyn as a center of industry and culture.
In 1917, the power of the Bolsheviks was established in the city peacefully, and this served only as another impetus for its rapid flourishing.
Stalingrad
In 1925, the congress of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to give the city the name of I.V. Stalin, who, according to eyewitnesses, was against this and did not even appear at the congress.
As a result of the congress in 1925, the city lost its historical name Tsaritsyn. Stalingrad is a name that marked a new milestone in its development.
New factories and factories are being built, the Stalingrad State District Power Plant is being launched, the Stalingrad Tractor Plant has been put into operation, pedagogical and medical institutes are being opened. Stalingrad (1925-1961), in spite of everything, in the most difficult historical conditions, became the largest industrial and cultural center of the Volga region.
The city developed and got upset until disaster struck our country. In 1941 the Great Patriotic War began.
Battle of Stalingrad
The Nazis moved across the country by leaps and bounds. Stalingrad was an important strategic point for their offensive.
The days from July 17, 1942 to February 2, 1943 are a terrible time for the city and for the whole country, which received the name of the Battle of Stalingrad. According to official figures, more than a million Soviet people died in those days. Among them were old people, women and children.
People died not only in battle - the city was subjected to air raids, as a result of which a huge number of civilians died. Although it is difficult to call those people civilians. Everyone who could hold tools in their hands, young and old, went out to build defenses in the devastated city. Despite the ruin, factories continued to operate, releasing new tanks and shells. Who could, became to the machines.
The command sent more and more military units to the Stalingrad Front. Relentless statistics show that the average life of a fighter on the Stalingrad lines was 24 hours.
They fought for every street, every house. The Nazis joked bitterly, calling that war on the streets of Stalingrad a "rat war."
The real massacre went beyond the highest point near the city - Mamaev Kurgan. From time immemorial, the enemy has been trying to capture this important strategic object. From it, as in the palm of your hand, you could see the whole city and its districts for many kilometers.
Particularly fierce fighting took place in the areas of the artillery and tractor factories, which continued to produce military equipment all this time, which immediately went into battle.
February 2 is the day of the official victory of the Soviet army over the Nazis in the Battle of Stalingrad. This day was a turning point for the outcome of the entire war. In Germany, mourning was declared over the defeat at Stalingrad.
The city of Stalingrad suffered terrible battles. The name of the place that immortalized the memory of the defenders who died here is now known to every resident of the city and all of Russia. A majestic monument to the heroes who gave their lives in that battle rises on Mamayev Kurgan.
In the post-war years, the city quickly began to recover, acquiring the past grandeur and beauty. Destroyed buildings, plants, factories were revived, new ones were built.
Volgograd
The city of Stalingrad: what is the name of this hero city now? No one doubts why the name of the city has changed once again.
The decision to rename was made in 1961. The working people of the country did not want the name of the city to remind of a person whose name was associated with the destruction of a huge number of innocent people.
Changes have taken place on the map of our vast country. The replacement of Stalingrad-Volgograd did not affect the rapid development of the city. Currently, it is a million-plus city that attracts many tourists who remember its heroic history.
There are many memorable places here, and to this day, residents of the whole country remember the city of Stalingrad. What is the name of the panorama of military events now? Of course, the Stalingrad panorama. And how can you rename that battle? No way. It will forever keep the name -Stalingrad battle.
Stalingrad
2nd world war
The unsuccessful offensive operations of the Soviet troops in the spring of 1942 allowed the Germans to break through the front and reach the Don in July, posing a threat to Stalingrad and the North Caucasus. On July 22, the Germans had 18 divisions (250,000 men, 7,500 guns, 740 tanks) in the Stalingrad direction against 16 Soviet-431 divisions (187,000 men, 7,900 guns, 360 tanks). Going on the offensive on July 23-25, 1942, the Germans broke through the defenses of the 62nd Army and pushed back the 64th Army, but the stubborn resistance of the Russians forced them to narrow the offensive zone of the 6th Army and remove the 4th Panzer Army from the Caucasus direction; after a month of fierce fighting, the plan to capture Stalingrad with one blow was thwarted. The new plan called for the capture of Stalingrad by simultaneous strikes by the 6th and 4th armies in converging directions. Aug 23 the Germans reached the Volga, and on September 13. launched an assault on Stalingrad with nine divisions; street fighting continued in the city until February. Exhausting four-month battles undermined the power of him. troops, their location in Stalingrad was extremely unfavorable, since both flanks were deeply covered by Soviet troops. With this in mind, the Soviet command developed a plan for a strategic operation, which provided for the defeat of the 3rd room. army with a strike southwest of Serafimovich, an attack on Kalach and a connection with the troops of the Stalingrad Front, striking from the Sarpinsky Lakes region to the northwest. The Southwestern and Stalingrad Fronts were part of the forces to create an outer ring of encirclement of the Stalingrad group, and the Don Front was instructed to encircle and destroy the enemy in a small bend of the Don. The troops of the Southwestern (gen. N. F. Vatutin) and the right wing of the Don (gen. K. K. Rokossovsky) fronts went on the offensive on November 19, and the troops of the Stalingrad Front (gen. A. I. Eremenko) on November 20. 1942 and immediately broke through the enemy defenses. Nov 23 the main forces of it. The 6th and 4th tank armies (approx. 330,000 people) were surrounded, by November 30. the territory they occupied was halved. The operation planned by the Germans to unblock Stalingrad was thwarted by the offensive of the Southwestern and Voronezh fronts on Morozovsk and Kantemirovka on December 16; defeat of the 8th Italian. and 3rd room. armies, as well as the Hollidt operational group was deprived of the opportunity to provide assistance to the troops surrounded in Stalingrad; in January, the outer front of the encirclement was 170-250 km away from them, and attempts to organize air supplies failed. Jan 26 the encircled group was divided into two parts, after which mass surrender began. Jan 31 surrendered the commander of the 6th Army F. Paulus with his headquarters. In total, 91,000 people were captured.
Encyclopedia of World History Battles. Thomas Harbolt. 1904
Synonyms:See what "Stalingrad" is in other dictionaries:
The name of the city of Volgograd in 1925 61 ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- "STALINGRAD", USSR USA Czechoslovakia GDR, Warner Bros./Mosfilm, 1989, color, 196 min. Movie epic. Continuation of the epic film dedicated to the Great Patriotic War ("Liberation", "Soldiers of Freedom", "Battle for Moscow") about the largest military ... ... Cinema Encyclopedia
Exist., number of synonyms: 3 volgograd (5) city (2765) tsaritsyn (3) ASIS synonym dictionary ... Synonym dictionary
Volgograd Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary. M: AST. Pospelov E.M. 2001 ... Geographic Encyclopedia
The name of the city of Volgograd in 1925 61. * * * STALINGRAD STALINGRAD, the name of the city of Volgograd (see VOLGOGRAD) in 1925 61 ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Stalingrad is a hero city located on the great Russian river Volga. For some, he is a symbol of the resilience and selflessness of the Russian people.
Some associate this name with the name of I. V. Stalin - a rather ambiguous personality in the history of the country. In this article, we will tell you in detail what Stalingrad is called now, and how to find it on the map.
Founding history
Its story begins in 1589. The city occupied the island of Tsaritsyn, located at the confluence of the river of the same name into the Volga. Exactly river Tsaritsa this settlement owes its first name - Tsaritsyn. It has always been of strategic importance in military conflicts and various troubles. At the time of foundation, the garrison of the fortress fought off nomadic raids on river caravans in the region of the Volgodonsk isthmus.
During the troubled XVII-XVIII centuries. The city was destroyed and burned several times. The Time of Troubles became for him the period of the first serious trials. The city, which supported the false rulers, was burned by government troops. It was rebuilt in 1615 not on the island, but on the banks of the Volga.
During numerous uprisings and peasant wars of this period, Tsaritsyn was at the epicenter of events. The last significant clash of this time was the defense of the city from the detachments of Emelyan Pugachev. Tsaritsyn became the only settlement in the lower reaches of the Volga that did not submit to Pugachev. For courageous actions, the commandant of the fortress was awarded the rank of general.
Since the second half of the 18th century, due to the significantly expanded borders, the city has become a quiet and calm settlement.
The 19th century becomes a time of active expansion and development for Tsaritsyn. A school, a pharmacy and a coffee shop are opening. Industrial enterprises appear. In the second half of the century, the city becomes a major railway junction. The convenience of the position and the developed infrastructure make it possible to open large industrial enterprises in it: a metallurgical and gun plant, kerosene production.
The period of calm life and development was stopped by the tragic events of the early 20th century. During the Civil War Tsaritsyn became a stronghold of the Bolsheviks in the Volga region. He withstood 3 assaults by the Whites. In these events, I. V. Stalin, who at that time commanded the North Caucasian Military District, played an important role.
As a result of the fourth attempt, the settlement was briefly under the control of the white army. In early 1920, Tsaritsyn finally became subordinate to the Red Army. These events caused a lot of grief to the inhabitants of the city, and significantly weakened its economy.
Following these tragic events, famine came to the settlement, claiming the lives of several million people. Foreign charitable organizations provided assistance to the townspeople, and a good harvest and the end of the Civil War in 1923 marked the beginning of a new upsurge of the brave city on the Volga.
In the Soviet state, there could not be a city with a name reminiscent of the country's tsarist past. It was decided to rename it. in honor of a man who distinguished himself in the defense of the city from the White Guard detachments. It is under this name that the settlement on the Volga will become a world famous place.
20-30 years became for Stalingrad a period of active development of industry and the social sphere. Already existing enterprises were restored and new ones were built: tractor and hardware plants, a shipyard. Urban public transport was actively developing, housing construction was being carried out, education and medicine were developing. Stalingrad grew and improved.
Trial by war
Peacetime, both for the city and for the whole country, ended in 1941. Enterprises of Stalingrad completely switched to the production of military products. Women and children stood behind the machines. And in July 1942, the war came directly to the Volga. On July 17, the bloody and heroic Battle of Stalingrad began., which claimed the lives of more than a million people - soldiers, women, children, the elderly.
During the air raids, most of the urban areas were destroyed. But the Stalingraders, living in dugouts and fleeing air strikes in basements, continued to build fortifications and go to work at the machines. For a long 200 days, Soviet troops and residents of Stalingrad held back the Nazi army. The steadfastness, courage, heroism and selflessness of the Soviet people made it possible not only to defend the city, but also to surround (November 1942), and then defeat (February 1943) the army of General Paulus.
The significance of this victory cannot be overestimated. At the cost of huge human losses, the Soviet Union turned the tide of events in World War II. The plans of the Nazis were destroyed. Their allies changed their minds, and many of them began to look for ways out of hostilities.
And Stalingrad lay in ruins. About 35 thousand inhabitants survived, although before the war almost half a million people lived here. A huge number of dead bodies of people and animals on the streets threatened a new disaster - an epidemic. But the heroic city began to recover.
In a relatively surviving area - the village of Beketovka - city services were located, medical institutions were deployed, city transport began to work, and the most surviving buildings were repaired. But the war was not over yet, and the main resources were used to restore the defense industry.
Most of the Stalingrad factories resumed work already in 1943, and in 1944 already assembled tanks and tractors rolled off the assembly line.
The 50s became a period of another active construction in Stalingrad. The housing stock was actively restored and public buildings were built. New streets and squares appeared. And in 1952, the Volgodonsk Canal named after I.V. Stalin was opened. A lot of objects in the city were dedicated to the "Leader of the Peoples". But that was until 1953.
City after the debunking of the cult of personality
After Stalin's death, N. S. Khrushchev, who replaced him, began "debunking the cult of personality." Monuments to Stalin were demolished, the names of objects named after him were changed. This phenomenon could not ignore the glorious Volga city. In 1961, Stalingrad was renamed Volgograd..
Volgograd still actively developed and grew. In 1967, the memorial complex Mamaev Kurgan was built, supplemented in 1985 with the panorama "Battle of Stalingrad". In the 60-80s, new industrial enterprises, educational and cultural institutions were opened. A transport network was actively built: the Astrakhan bridge, Volgograd metro stations, highways connecting the city with neighboring settlements.
The post-Soviet life of Volgograd, like the whole country, began with a decline in all areas of industry and economy. Enterprises were closed, residential and public construction stopped, numerous scammers and dubious enterprises appeared.
With the beginning of the 2000s, life in Volgograd began to improve again. Frozen objects were completed, the transport network and public institutions are being developed. But even in this peaceful time, Volgograd residents are tested for stamina and fortitude. The city has repeatedly become the object of terrorist attacks.
Modern disputes about the name of Volgograd
Now there are disputes about the need to return the historical name of the city - Stalingrad. This idea has both supporters and opponents. This idea appeared not in the Volgograd society, but in the circles of the capital's politicians. About 30% of Volgograd residents support the initiative to return the name Stalingrad to the city. They justify their position with the following arguments:
- renaming is a tribute to the feat of the people in the Battle of Stalingrad;
- this will help raise the level of patriotism among young people in the first place;
- it is under this name that the settlement is known all over the world;
- Stalingrad and Stalin are not the same thing;
- Volgograd needs to return its historical name.
Opponents of the idea of renaming point to the fact that the historical name of the city on the Volga is Tsaritsyn - the name given to it at the time of its foundation. They also note that the majority of the country's inhabitants still associate the name Stalingrad with the name of I.V. Stalin, whose role in the history of the country is ambiguous. Renaming will require huge funds that local authorities do not have.
There is also a third point of view. Many residents do not care in the city with what name to live. Volgograd residents want solutions to their pressing economic problems.
In the end, the local authorities went along and officially assigned the name Stalingrad to the city for the duration of the days, reminiscent of difficult trials and heroic events:
- February 2 - Day of military glory;
- February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day;
- May 8 - Day of awarding the city the title of "hero city";
- May 9 - Victory Day;
- June 22 - Day of memory and sorrow;
- August 23 - Day of Remembrance for the victims of the bombing of Stalingrad;
- September 2 - Day of the end of the war;
- November 19 - Day of the beginning of the defeat of the Nazi troops near Stalingrad;
- December 9 - Heroes Day.
It does not matter what the brave city on the Volga was called: Tsaritsyn in the era of the monarchy, Stalingrad in the era of the formation of Soviet power and the bloody World War, or Volgograd in modern times. The only important thing is that this city has always been on guard for the peace of the country and bravely resisted all troubles and challenges.
Video
From this video you will learn little-known historical facts about this famous city.
You can get acquainted with the history of Volgograd by watching this video.
This video will tell you about one of the most terrible and most famous periods in the life of Stalingrad.
You will learn about the world-famous Battle of Stalingrad from this video.
The second part of the video about the battles near Stalingrad.
This video tells about how Stalingrad was reborn after the Great Patriotic War.
Volgograd or Stalingrad? The controversy continues to this day.
Education
What is the name of the city of Stalingrad now? History of Stalingrad
May 15, 2015Remember the history of the Second World War - 1942, for example. The battle for the city of Stalingrad (as it is now called, probably, outside of Russia and not everyone knows), in which the Red Army gained success, turned the tide of the war back. It deservedly bears the title of Hero City.
The city of Stalingrad: what it is called now and what it used to be called
During the Paleolithic period, on the outskirts of the city, there was a site of primitive people, which was called Dry Mechetka. In the 16th century, in historical sources, this area is associated with the stay of representatives of the Tatar people. Since in the memoirs of the English traveler Jenkinson, "the abandoned Tatar city of Meskhet" is mentioned. In official royal documents, this city was first mentioned on July 2, 1589 under the name Tsaritsyn. So it was called until 1925.
As is known, in the 1920s and 1930s, cities were mainly called by the names and surnames (pseudonyms) of Soviet leaders and party leaders. The former Tsaritsyn in 1925 was the 19th city in the USSR in terms of the number of inhabitants, so its fate of renaming could not be avoided. In 1925 the city was renamed Stalingrad. It is under this name that he is best known, because the Battle of Stalingrad entered world history as the most important event of the Second World War.
In 1956, the debunking of the cult of Stalin began. The party had a lot of work in this direction, so the party leaders got to the renaming of the city only in 1961. Since 1961 and to the present time, the settlement has the name that very accurately characterizes its location - Volgograd (a city on the Volga).
Brief history of the city from 1589 to 1945
Initially, the city concentrated on a small island. Why is it based here? Because until that time people had already lived here, and the place was convenient for trade. The location on the Volga gave the settlement good chances for dynamic development. Real transformations in the city began to take place in the 19th century. The first school for children of the nobility, the first gymnasium, was opened, in which 49 children studied. In 1808, a doctor came to the city, who did a lot for the development of medicine in it (she was the first local doctor).
With the development of transport infrastructure (Volga-Don and other railways), since the late 1850s, industry and trade in the city have been developing very strongly, and the well-being of residents has increased.
For the first three decades of the 20th century, the territory of Stalingrad was expanding. New industrial facilities, residential buildings, places of mass recreation of the population are being built. In 1942, the Germans came to the city of Stalingrad. What is this time called now? An occupation. 1942 and 1943 were the worst years in the history of the city.
Our time: the city is flourishing
Stalingrad - what city is it now? Volgograd. This name fully reflects its essence, because the river is one of the main trade routes. In the 1990-2000s, Volgograd acquired the status of a millionaire several times. Industry, services and recreation, sports are actively developing in the city. The football team of the Volgograd "Rotor" has played more than one season in the major league of Russia.
But still, the settlement played its most important role in history under the name "city of Stalingrad" (as it is now called, you should also not forget, because the old name is unlikely to return).
Source: fb.ru
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