What events in history changed the world. Important historical events in Russia

In the 11th grade, it is not necessary to know by heart all the dates from the textbook. It is enough to master the mandatory minimum, which, believe me, will come in handy not only in the exam, but also in life.

So, your preparation for the OGE and USE in history must necessarily include the memorization of several of the most important dates in the history of Russia. Stay up to date with the most important events in Russian history - and to make it easier to master them, you can, for example, write the entire minimum on cards and divide them by age. Such a simple step will allow you to begin to navigate the history by periods, and when you write everything on pieces of paper, you will unconsciously remember everything. Your parents and grandparents used a similar method, when there were no USE and GIA yet.

We can also advise you to say the most important dates in the history of Russia out loud and record it on a voice recorder. Listen to the resulting recordings several times a day, and best of all - in the morning, when the brain has just woken up and has not yet absorbed the usual daily dose of information.

But in no case do we recommend that you try to memorize everything at once. Have pity on yourself, no one has managed to master the entire school curriculum on the history of Russia in a day. The USE and GIA are designed to check how well you know the full course of the subject. So don’t even think of somehow deceiving the system or hoping for the students’ favorite “night before the exam”, as well as a variety of cheat sheets and “answers to the GIA and the Unified State Examination in the history of 2015”, which are so many on the Internet.

With leaflets, the last hope of negligent schoolchildren, it was always strict at state exams, and every year the situation becomes even more difficult. Exams in the 9th and 11th grades are held not only under the strict supervision of experienced teachers, but also under the supervision of video cameras, and you know, it is almost impossible to outwit technology.

So get enough sleep, do not be nervous, develop your memory and memorize the 35 most important dates in the history of Russia. Relying on yourself is the best thing that can help you pass the exam and the GIA.

862 Beginning of Rurik's reign
988 Baptism of Russia
1147 First mention of Moscow
1237–1480 Mongol-Tatar yoke
1240 Neva battle
1380 Battle of Kulikovo
1480 Standing on the river Ugra. Fall of the Mongol yoke
1547 Crowning of Ivan the Terrible to the kingdom
1589 Establishment of the patriarchate in Russia
1598-1613 Time of Troubles
1613 Election to the kingdom of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov
1654 Pereyaslav Rada.
1670–1671 Rebellion of Stepan Razin
1682–1725 Reign of Peter I
1700–1721 Northern War
1703 Founding of St. Petersburg
1709 Battle of Poltava
1755 Founding of Moscow University
1762– 1796 Reign of Catherine II
1773- 1775 Peasant war led by E. Pugachev
1812– 1813 Patriotic War
1812 Battle of Borodino
1825 Decembrist uprising
1861 Abolition of serfdom
1905– 1907 First Russian Revolution
1914 Russia's entry into World War I
1917 February Revolution. The overthrow of the autocracy
1917 October Revolution
1918– 1920 Civil War
1922 Formation of the USSR
1941– 1945 Great Patriotic War
1957 Launch of the first artificial earth satellite
1961 Flight Yu.A. Gagarin in space
1986 Accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
1991 Collapse of the USSR

The history of Russia is very diverse, ambiguous and enticing. This country has existed for hundreds of years, it has significantly contributed to the development of world history. Russia experienced a lot of crashes and falls, but it always got up from its knees and moved on towards a brighter future. Countless attempts to capture it were crowned with resounding failures, no one will ever be able to conquer this great power. The people staunchly stood for their independence and freedom, and no one bowed their heads before the lords and invaders. So today Russia is the leading country in the world in many different areas. This is astronautics, and mechanical engineering and much more.

The twentieth century was marked for Russia and a number of other countries by terrible and bloody wars, which, unfortunately, claimed millions of human lives. After the end of the Second World War, Russia as part of the USSR continued its rapid development in absolutely all sectors, this was the case until the collapse of this great and indestructible power. A decade has passed, a very difficult decade, and now Russia is again zealously striving forward towards a bright and carefree future. What awaits her in the future? Everything depends on the Russian people, who have always amazed the whole world with their steadfastness and steadfastness.

1861 February 19 - the abolition of serfdom

A significant date for the entire Russian people, from now on the country was free from the shackles of slavery. This year marked the beginning of a new stage in Russian history. The internecine wars were over. A truly strong and wise empress ascended the throne, who managed to raise Russia from its knees and achieve its greatness and respect in Europe.

1905-1907 - the first Russian revolution

The bloody revolution ended in failure. The autocracy was not overthrown and the tsar remained on the throne. During the period of the first revolution, the main revolutionaries of 1917 participated. This young generation of rebels and reformers tried in every possible way to change the political system that had reigned in Russia for many centuries.

1914, August 1 - Russia's entry into World War 1

It is impossible not to touch this event. The first war of the imperialists in history ended with monstrous human losses in the first place. As a result of this war, the leading world empires collapsed - the Ottoman, German, German. In parallel with the war, Russia was also experiencing a great revolution. This period was extremely difficult for the country, but in the end we all know that the most powerful state on the planet was formed

1917, February 27 - uprising in Petrograd

1917, February 27 - an armed uprising in Petrograd (the transition of the soldiers of the Petrograd garrison to the side of the insurgent population).

These years were marked by the formation of the Provisional Committee of the State Duma and the election of the Petrograd Soviet. Unanimous victory in the elections to the Petrograd Soviet of the Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks. A new stage in the history of the Great Power.

1918, March 3 - signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

From now on, Russia left the battlefield. Now there was an urgent need to put an end to the outbreak of civil war and bring the country's economy to growth. After the signing of the treaty, one of the stones oppressing Russia fell asleep.

The great power stood on its feet and smoothly began to move towards development. The civil war was completely over. The USSR headed for a brighter future. The economy began to gradually grow, the wounds from the civil war began to gradually heal.

1941, June 22 - 1945, May 9 - Great Patriotic War

The most terrible war in the history of mankind began on this wonderful summer and carefree day. For four long years, the people fought fiercely against the Nazi invaders, who treacherously invaded the territory of the USSR.

1945, May 8-9 - capitulation of Nazi Germany, Victory Day

May 9 - Victory Day. Victory Day! It was this holiday that was forever imprinted in the memory of absolutely every young and adult inhabitant of this great country. At the cost of millions of lives, the country gained such a desired victory over a bloodthirsty enemy. Now the USSR has proved that it is worth something!

1956, February - XX Congress of the CPSU

The congress was marked by the world-famous "dispelling of Stalin's personality cult." Nikita Khrushchev literally shocked everyone present with his fiery speech. This is a new stage in the history of Russia and the entire USSR. This so-called thaw period has left its mark forever.

1991, December 8 - signing of the Bialowieza agreement

1991, December 8 - signing by B. N. Yeltsin (RSFSR), L. M. Kravchuk (Ukraine), S. S. Shushkevich (Belarus) of the Belovezhskaya agreement on the dissolution of the USSR.

This is the end of a great and powerful state. Seventy years of existence have not gone unnoticed. Russia again became the successor of the USSR. Again wars, enmity, political and economic crises. All this accompanied the country throughout the difficult nineties against the backdrop of total devastation, the war in Chechnya and much more.

year 2000

Election of President of Russia Vladimir Putin. A radically new period in the history of Russia. The new head of state was able to bring the country out of a long-term crisis, out of practically ruins. The country's economy was raised several times, the armed forces became powerful again. Various space programs were re-deployed, the country moved forward again! Now everything depends on the people of Russia, their fate belongs to them and no one else!

Dates of Russian history

This section presents important dates in the history of Russia.

Brief Chronology of the History of Russia.

6th century n. e., from 530 - the Great Migration of the Slavs. The first mention of the people grew / Russ
860 - the first campaign of the Rus against Constantinople
862 - The year to which the "Tale of Bygone Years" relates the "calling of the Norman king" Rurik.
911 - The campaign of the Kyiv prince Oleg to Constantinople and an agreement with Byzantium.
941 - The campaign of the Kyiv prince Igor to Constantinople.
944 - Treaty of Igor with Byzantium.
945 - 946 - Submission to Kyiv of the Drevlyans
957 - Princess Olga's trip to Tsargrad
964-966 - Campaigns of Svyatoslav against the Kama Bulgarians, Khazars, Yases and Kasogs
967-971 - The war of Prince Svyatoslav with Byzantium
988-990 - The beginning of the baptism of Russia
1037 - Laying of the Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv
1043 - Prince Vladimir's campaign against Byzantium
1045-1050 — Construction of the Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod
1054-1073 - Presumably during this period, the "Truth of the Yaroslavichs" appears
1056-1057 - "Ostromir Gospel"
1073 - "Izbornik" of Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich
1097 - The first congress of princes in Lyubech
1100 - The second congress of princes in Uvetichi (Vitichev)
1116 - The appearance of the "Tale of Bygone Years" in the edition of Sylvestor
1147 - The first annalistic mention of Moscow
1158-1160 — Construction of the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir-on-Klyazma
1169 - The capture of Kyiv by the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
February 25, 1170 - Victory of the Novgorodians over the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
1188 - Approximate date of the appearance of "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
1202 - Foundation of the Order of the Sword (Livonian Order)
1206 - Proclamation of Temujin the "Great Khan" of the Mongols and the adoption of the name of Genghis Khan by him
1223 May 31 - Battle of Russian princes and Polovtsy on the river. Kalka
1224 - Capture of Yuryev (Tartu) by the Germans
1237 - Unification of the Order of the Sword and the Teutonic Order
1237-1238 - The invasion of Khan Batu in North-Eastern Russia
1238 March 4 - Battle on the river. City
1240 July 15 - Victory of the Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedish knights on the river. Neva
1240 December 6 (or November 19) - The capture of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars
April 5, 1242 - "Battle on the Ice" on Lake Peipsi
1243 - Formation of the Golden Horde.
1262 - Revolt against the Mongol-Tatars in Rostov, Vladimir, Suzdal, Yaroslavl
1327 - uprising against the Mongol-Tatars in Tver
1367 - Construction of the stone Kremlin in Moscow
1378 - The first victory of Russian troops over the Tatars on the river. vozhe
1380 September 8 - Battle of Kulikovo
1382 - Khan Tokhtamysh's campaign against Moscow
1385 - Kreva union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Poland
1395 - The defeat of the Golden Horde by Timur (Tamerlane)
1410 July 15 - Battle of Grunwald. Ragrom of German knights by Polish-Lithuanian-Russian troops
1469-1472 — Travel of Athanasius Nikitin to India
1471 - Ivan III's campaign against Novgorod. Battle on the river Sheloni
1480 - "Standing" on the river. Acne. The end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke.
1484-1508 — Construction of the Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Palace of Facets
1507-1508, 1512-1522 - Wars of the Muscovite state with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Return of Smolensk and Smolensk land
1510 - Annexation of Pskov to Moscow
1547 January 16 - The wedding of Ivan IV to the kingdom
1550 - Sudebnik of Ivan the Terrible. Creation of the archery army
1550 October 3 - Decree on the use of the "chosen thousand" in the counties adjacent to Moscow
1551 - February-May - Stoglavy Cathedral of the Russian Church
1552 - The capture of Kazan by Russian troops. Accession of the Kazan Khanate
1556 - Accession of Astrakhan to Russia
1558-1583 — Livonian War
1565-1572 — Oprichnina
1569 - Union of Lublin. The formation of the Commonwealth
1582 January 15 - Truce of the Russian state with the Commonwealth in Zapolsky Pit
1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate in Moscow
1590-1593 - The war of the Russian state with Sweden
May 1591 - The death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich
1595 - The conclusion of the Tyavzinsky peace with Sweden
1598 January 7 - Death of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich and the end of the Rurik dynasty
1604 October - Intervention of False Dmitry I into the Russian state
1605 June - The overthrow of the Godunov dynasty in Moscow. Accession of False Dmitry I
1606 - Uprising in Moscow and the murder of False Dmitry I
1607 - The beginning of the intervention of False Dmitry II
1609-1618 – Open Polish-Swedish intervention
1611 March-April - Creation of a militia against the interventionists
1611 September-October - Creation of the militia under the leadership of Minin and Pozharsky in Nizhny Novgorod
October 26, 1612 - The capture of the Moscow Kremlin by the militia of Minin and Pozharsky
1613 - February 7-21 - Election by the Zemsky Sobor to the kingdom of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov
1633 - Death of Patriarch Filaret, father of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich
1648 - Uprising in Moscow - "Salt Riot"
1649 - "Cathedral Code" of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich
1649-1652 - Campaigns of Yerofei Khabarov to the Daurian land along the Amur
1652 - Nikon's consecration to the patriarchs
1653 - Zemsky Sobor in Moscow and the decision to reunite Ukraine with Russia
1654 January 8-9 - Pereyaslav Rada. Reunification of Ukraine with Russia
1654-1667 - War between Russia and Poland over Ukraine
January 30, 1667 - Andrusovo truce
1670-1671 - Peasant war led by S. Razin
1676-1681 - The war of Russia with Turkey and Crimea for the Right-Bank Ukraine
January 3, 1681 - Truce of Bakhchisaray
1682 - Abolition of parochialism
May 1682 - Streltsy uprising in Moscow
1686 - "Perpetual peace" with Poland
1687-1689 - Crimean campaigns of the book. V.V. Golitsyn
August 27, 1689 - Treaty of Nerchinsk with China
1689 September - The overthrow of Princess Sophia
1695-1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I
1696 January 29 - death of Ivan V. Establishment of autocracy of Peter I
1697-1698 - The "Great Embassy" of Peter I to Western Europe
1698 April-June - Streltsy revolt
December 20, 1699 - Decree on the introduction of a new chronology from January 1, 1700.
1700 July 13 - Constantinople truce with Turkey
1700-1721 - Russia's Northern War with Sweden
1700 - Death of Patriarch Adrian. Appointment of Stefan Yavorsky as locum tenens of the patriarchal throne
1700 November 19 - the defeat of Russian troops near Narva
1703 - The first stock exchange in Russia (merchants' meeting) in St. Petersburg
1703 - Edition of the textbook "Arithmetic" by Magnitsky
1707-1708 - Uprising on the Don K. Bulavin
1709 June 27 - The defeat of the Swedish troops at Poltava
1711 - Prut campaign of Peter I
1712 - Decree on the establishment of commercial and industrial companies
March 23, 1714 - Decree on uniform inheritance
July 27, 1714 - Victory of the Russian fleet over the Swedish at Gangut
1721 August 30 - Treaty of Nystad between Russia and Sweden
October 22, 1721 - Acceptance of the imperial title by Peter I
January 24, 1722 - Table of Ranks
1722-1723 - Persian campaign of Peter I
January 28, 1724 - Decree on the establishment of the Russian Academy of Sciences
January 28, 1725 - Death of Peter I
1726 February 8 - Establishment of the Supreme Privy Council
May 6, 1727 - death of Catherine I
1730 January 19 - Death of Peter II
1731 - Cancellation of the decree on single inheritance
January 21, 1732 - Treaty of Resht with Persia
1734 - "Treatise on Friendship and Commerce" between Russia and England
1735-1739 — Russian-Turkish war
1736 - Decree on the "eternal fixing" of artisans in manufactories
1740 from November 8 to 9 - Palace coup, the overthrow of the regent Biron. Announcement of the regent Anna Leopoldovna
1741-1743 - War between Russia and Sweden
November 25, 1741 - Palace coup, enthronement of Elizabeth Petrovna by the guards
1743 June 16 - Peace of Abo with Sweden
January 12, 1755 - Decree on the founding of Moscow University
August 30, 1756 - Decree on the establishment of a Russian theater in St. Petersburg (troupe of F. Volkov)
1759 August 1 (12) - Victory of the Russian troops at Kunnersdorf
September 28, 1760 - Capture of Berlin by Russian troops
February 18, 1762 - Manifesto "On the Liberty of the Nobility"
July 6, 1762 - The assassination of Peter III and accession to the throne of Catherine II
1764 - Establishment of the Smolny Institute in St. Petersburg
1764 from July 4 to 5 - Attempted coup by V.Ya. Mirovich. The murder of Ivan Antonovich in the Shlisselburg fortress
1766 - Accession to Russia of the Aleutian Islands
1769 - First external loan in Amsterdam
1770 June 24-26 - The defeat of the Turkish fleet in the Chesme Bay
1773-1775 - The first section of the Commonwealth
1773-1775 - Peasant war led by E.I. Pugacheva
July 10, 1774 - Peace of Kuchuk-Kainarzhi with Turkey
1783 - Annexation of Crimea to Russia 1785 April 21 - Letters of grant to the nobility and cities
1787-1791 — Russian-Turkish war
1788-1790-Russian-Swedish war of 1791 December 29 - Peace of Iasi with Turkey
1793 - The second partition of the Commonwealth
1794 - Polish uprising under the leadership of T. Kosciuszko and its suppression
1795 - Third Partition of Poland
1796 - Formation of the Little Russian province 1796-1797. - War with Persia
1797 - April 5 - "Institution of the imperial family"
1799 - Italian and Swiss campaigns of A.V. Suvorov
1799 - Formation of the "United Russian-American Company"
January 18, 1801 - Manifesto on the annexation of Georgia to Russia
1801 from March 11 to 12 - Palace coup. Assassination of Paul I. Accession to the throne of Alexander I
1804-1813 — Russo-Iranian War
1805 November 20 - Battle of Austerlitz
1806-1812 - Russia's war with Turkey
June 25, 1807 - Treaty of Tilsit
1808-1809 - Russo-Swedish War
1810 January 1 - Establishment of the Council of State
1812 - Napoleon's "Great Army" invades Russia. Patriotic War
1812 August 26 - Battle of Borodino
January 1, 1813 - The beginning of the foreign campaign of the Russian army
1813 October 16-19 - "Battle of the Nations" at Leipzig
1814 March 19 - Allied forces enter Paris
1814 September 19 -1815 May 28 - Congress of Vienna
December 14, 1825 - Decembrist uprising in St. Petersburg
1826-1828 — Russo-Iranian War
October 20, 1827 - Battle in Navarino Bay
1828 February 10 - Turkmenchay peace treaty with Iran
1828-1829 — Russian-Turkish war
1829 September 2 - Treaty of Adrianople with Turkey
July 26, 1835 - University charter
October 30, 1837 - Opening of the St. Petersburg-Tsarskoye Selo railway
1839-1843 - Monetary reform of Count E. f. Kancrina
1853 - Opening of the "Free Russian Printing House" by A.I. Herzen in London
1853 - Cocaid campaign of the gene. V.A. Perovsky
1853-1856 - Crimean War
1854 September - 1855 August - Defense of Sevastopol
1856 March 18 - Treaty of Paris
May 31, 1860 - Establishment of the State Bank
1861 February 19 - Abolition of serfdom
1861 - Establishment of the Council of Ministers
June 18, 1863 - University charter
1864 November 20 - Judicial Reform Decree. "New judicial statutes"
1865 - Military judicial reform
January 1, 1874 - "Charter on military service"
Spring 1874 - The first mass "going to the people" of revolutionary populists
1875 April 25 - Petersburg Treaty of Russia with Japan (about South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
1876-1879 - The second "Land and Freedom"
1877-1878 — Russian-Turkish war
1879 August - The split of "Land and Freedom" into "Black Repartition" and "Narodnaya Volya"
1881 March 1 - The murder of Alexander II by revolutionary populists
1885 January 7-18 - Morozov strike
1892 - Russian-French secret military convention
1896 - Invention of the radiotelegraph by A.S. Popov
1896 May 18 - Khodynskaya tragedy in Moscow during the coronation of Nicholas II
March 1-2, 1898 - I Congress of the RSDLP
1899 May-July - I Hague Peace Conference
1902 - Formation of the party of socialist revolutionaries (SRs)
1904-1905 — Russo-Japanese War
January 9, 1905 - "Bloody Sunday". Beginning of the first Russian revolution
1905 April - Formation of the Russian Monarchist Party and the Union of the Russian People.
1905 May 12-June 1 - General strike in Ivanovo-Voskresensk. Formation of the first Soviet of Workers' Deputies
May 14-15, 1905 - Battle of Tsushima
1905 June 9-11 - Uprising in Lodz
1905 June 14-24 - Uprising on the battleship "Potemkin"
1905 August 23 - Treaty of Portsmouth with Japan
October 7, 1905 - Beginning of the All-Russian political strike
1905 October 12-18 - Constituent Congress of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets)
1905 October 13 - Creation of the St. Petersburg Council of Workers' Deputies
October 17, 1905 - Manifesto of Nicholas II
1905 November - The emergence of the "Union of October 17" (Octobrists)
1905 December 9-19 - Moscow armed uprising
1906 April 27-July 8 - First State Duma
1906 November 9 - The beginning of the agrarian reform P.A. Stolypin
1907 February 20-June 2 - II State Duma
1907 November 1 - July 9, 1912 - III State Duma
1908 - Formation of the reactionary "Union of Michael the Archangel"
November 15, 1912 - February 25, 1917 - IV State Duma
1914 July 19 (August 1) - Germany declares war on Russia. The beginning of the first world war
1916 May 22-July 31 - Brusilov breakthrough
December 17, 1916 - The assassination of Rasputin
February 26, 1917 - Beginning of the transition of troops to the side of the revolution
February 27, 1917 - February Revolution. The overthrow of the autocracy in Russia
March 3, 1917 - Abdication led. book. Mikhail Alexandrovich. Declaration of the Provisional Government
1917 June 9-24 - I All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
1917 August 12-15 - State meeting in Moscow
1917 August 25-September 1 - Kornilov rebellion
1917 September 14-22 - All-Russian Democratic Conference in Petrograd
1917 October 24-25 - Armed Bolshevik coup. Overthrow of the Provisional Government
October 25, 1917 - Opening of the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets
October 26, 1917 - Decrees of the Soviets on peace, on land. "Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia"
November 12, 1917 - Elections to the Constituent Assembly
December 7, 1917 - Decision of the Council of People's Commissars to create the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution (VChK)
December 14, 1917 - Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the nationalization of banks
1917 December 18 - Independence of Finland
1918-1922 — Civil war on the territory of the former Russian Empire
January 6, 1918 - Dispersal of the Constituent Assembly
January 26, 1918 - Decree on the transition to a new calendar style from February 1 (14)
1918 - March 3 - The conclusion of the Brest peace
May 25, 1918 - Beginning of the uprising of the Czechoslovak Corps
July 10, 1918 - Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR
January 16, 1920 - The blockade of Soviet Russia by the Entente is lifted
1920 - Soviet-Polish war
1921 February 28-March 18 - Kronstadt uprising
1921 March 8-16 - X Congress of the RCP (b). Decision on the "new economic policy"
1921 March 18 - Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland
1922 April 10-May 19 - Genoa Conference
1922 April 16 - Rappal Separate Treaty of the RSFSR with Germany
December 27, 1922 - Formation of the USSR
December 30, 1922 - I Congress of Soviets of the USSR
January 31, 1924 - Approval of the Constitution of the USSR
1928 October - 1932 December - The first five-year plan. Beginning of industrialization in the USSR
1930 - Beginning of complete collectivization
1933-1937 — Second five-year plan
December 1, 1934 - The murder of S.M. Kirov. Deployment of mass terror in the USSR
December 5, 1936 - Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR
August 23, 1939 - Soviet-German non-aggression pact
1939 September 1 - German attack on Poland. Beginning of World War II
September 17, 1939 - The entry of Soviet troops into Poland
September 28, 1939 - Soviet-German treaty "on friendship and borders"
1939 November 30 - 1940 March 12 - Soviet-Finnish war
June 28, 1940 - The entry of Soviet troops into Bessarabia
1940 June-July - Soviet occupation of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia
April 13, 1941 - Soviet-Japanese Treaty of Neutrality
June 22, 1941 - Nazi Germany and its allies attack the USSR. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War
1945 May 8 - Act of unconditional surrender of Germany. Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War
1945 September 2 - Japan's Unconditional Surrender Act
1945 November 20 - October 1, 1946 - Nuremberg Trials
1946-1950 — Fourth Five-Year Plan. Restoration of the destroyed national economy
1948 August - Session of VASKhNIL. Launch of the campaign against "Morganism" and "Cosmopolitanism"
1949 January 5-8 - Creation of the CMEA
1949 August 29 - The first test of the atomic bomb in the USSR
June 27, 1954 - Start-up of the world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk
1955 14m; 1st - Creation of the Warsaw Pact Organization (WTO)
1955 July 18-23 - Meeting of the heads of government of the USSR, Great Britain, the USA and France in Geneva
February 14-25, 1956 - XX Congress of the CPSU
June 30, 1956 - Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union "Overcoming the cult of personality and its consequences"
1957 July 28-August 11 - VI World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow
October 4, 1957 - Launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite in the USSR
April 12, 1961 - Flight of Yu.A. Gagarin on the Vostok spacecraft
March 18, 1965 - Pilot-cosmonaut A.A. Leonova in open space
1965 - Reform of the economic mechanism of economic management in the USSR
June 6, 1966 - Decree of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the public appeal of young people to the most important construction projects of the five-year plan"
1968 August 21 - Intervention of the countries of the Warsaw Treaty Organization in Czechoslovakia
1968 - Open letter of Academician A.D. Sakharov to the Soviet leadership
1971, March 30-April 9 - XXIV Congress of the CPSU
May 26, 1972 - Signing in Moscow of the "Fundamentals of Relations between the USSR and the USA". The beginning of the policy of "détente"
February 1974 - Expulsion from the USSR A.I. Solzhenitsyn
1975 July 15-21 - Joint Soviet-American experiment under the Soyuz-Apollo program
1975 July 30-August 1 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki). Signing of the Final Act by 33 European countries, the USA and Canada
October 7, 1977 - Adoption of the Constitution of "developed socialism" of the USSR
December 24, 1979 - The beginning of the intervention of Soviet troops in Afghanistan
January 1980 - Link A.D. Sakharov to Gorky
1980 July 19-August 3 - Olympic Games in Moscow
May 24, 1982 - Adoption of the Food Program
November 19-21, 1985 - Meeting of M.S. Gorbachev and US President R. Reagan in Geneva. Restoration of the Soviet-American political dialogue
April 26, 1986 - Accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
1987 June-July - The beginning of the policy of "perestroika" in the USSR
1988 June 28-July 1 - XIX Conference of the CPSU. The beginning of political reform in the USSR
1989 May 25-June 9. - I Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, elected on the basis of amendments to the Constitution of the USSR
1990 March 11 - Adoption of the Act of Independence of Lithuania.
1990 March 12-15 - III Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR
1990 May 16-June 12 - Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR. Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia
1991 March 17 - Referendum on the preservation of the USSR and the introduction of the post of President of the RSFSR
June 12, 1991 - Presidential elections in Russia
1991 July 1 - Dissolution in Prague of the Warsaw Treaty Organization (OVD)
1991 August 19-21 - An attempted coup d'état in the USSR (Case of the GKChP)
September 1991 - The entry of troops into Vilnius. Coup attempt in Lithuania
1991 December 8 - Signing in Minsk by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus of the agreement on the "Commonwealth of Independent States" and the dissolution of the USSR
January 2, 1992 - Price liberalization in Russia
1992 February 1 - Declaration by Russia and the United States on the end of the Cold War
March 13, 1992 - Initialing of the Federal Treaty of the Republics within the Russian Federation
March 1993 - VIII and IX Congresses of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation
April 25, 1993 - All-Russian referendum on confidence in the policy of the President of Russia
1993 June - The work of the constitutional meeting on the preparation of the draft Constitution of Russia
September 21, 1993 - Decree of B.N. Yeltsin "On a phased constitutional reform" and the dissolution of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation
1993 October 3-4 - Demonstrations and armed actions of the pro-communist opposition in Moscow. Storming of the building of the Supreme Council by troops loyal to the President
December 12, 1993 - Elections to the State Duma and the Federation Council. Referendum on the draft of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation
January 11, 1994 — Beginning of the work of the State Duma and the Federation Council of the Russian Federation in Moscow

History is a science that collects, studies, systematizes facts and events that occur or have ever happened in the past of human civilization. True, there is an opinion that this is far from the most serious branch of knowledge. Partly because information about many facts raises doubts about their reliability. In addition, the phenomena occurring in society, everyone can interpret as he likes. But still there are the most important historical events that cannot be deleted from the chronicles of civilization, because they represent a certain foundation, that is, the basis of the life of society and human relationships. Some of them deserve special mention.

Chronicles of the Ages

What are they, historical events that everyone should know? Ancient chronicles are filled with endless wars, struggle for power between the rulers of various states and conspiracies of their entourage. The chronicles of millennia are full of uprisings of the poor against the dominance of the rich. Almighty kings are overthrown in periods of bloody revolutions. And then, in place of some tyrants, others come, if not dictators, then often individuals who do not disdain deceit and betrayal in their own interests. There are enough bright leaders with a strong character, who, in part, are not in vain called later great leaders and heroes. History has preserved the names of many of them, although a good half of humanity sometimes does not remember what and against whom they fought.

World conquerors often occupy a more honorable place in the memory of their descendants than the discoverers of new continents, philosophers, scientists and artists. However, on the scale of civilization, it is creative discoveries that truly contribute to progress. The most important historical events of ancient times, perhaps, are: the conquest of fire, the domestication of animals and the breeding of cultivated plants, the invention of the wheel, writing and numbers. But who remembers the authors of these discoveries and revolutionary innovations? History does not keep their names.

The most famous person

No one knows whether this person really lived, or his biography from the first to the last word is pure fiction. However, whether he is a real person or a myth, entire states rallied around his name and the most important historical events took place. Centuries-old wars and endless verbal battles were waged for and against his ideas, where supporters and opponents clashed in fierce battles. And even the chronicle of the new era counts from the date of his birth.

Jesus Christ, as the lines of Holy Scripture testify, was just the son of a simple carpenter from an unremarkable city in Israel called Nazareth. He is considered the ancestor of the idealistic philosophy underlying many religious cults. He was executed in Jerusalem as a criminal, for which he was later deified.

Europe

Every nation builds its own history. In some ways, it is similar to the annals of other states. However, it is necessarily endowed with its own unique features. The culture of the nation is part of the history of the country. It is closely connected with the events that take place in the political, state, economic and spiritual fields. It expresses the essence of the nation and human relationships. And each nation has its own major historical events.

In the ancient period, civilizations such as the Hellenic and Roman arose on the territory of Europe, which subsequently gave others a lot in terms of the development of politics, philosophy, science, music, theater and sports. In the first millennium of our era, other nationalities moved to this continent. Among them are the Huns, Bulgarians, Khazars, Turks and Vikings. They created many states and civilizations that laid the foundations of modern world culture.

Discovery of America

History preserves the name of this great Spanish navigator, although he did not end up where he wanted to go. Christopher Columbus did not understand until the end of his life that the four expeditions that were made under his command with the blessing of the Catholic kings did not go to India at all. He landed on the island of San Salvador, having crossed the Atlantic Ocean with his crew on three ships, and saw the outlines of an unknown continent on October 12, 1492. This date is celebrated as the day of the discovery of America and refers to the main historical events that influenced the course of the development of civilization.

The states of the New World, especially the United States, have occupied key positions in politics and economics over the past centuries, continuing to increase their influence on the course of events on the planet every year.

Formation of Russia

Our state took shape over a vast period of time, uniting from a huge number of disparate tribes of the Eastern Slavs. Experiencing the strong influence of Byzantium - a power located in the neighborhood, Russia became Orthodox. It happened over a thousand years ago. And the adoption of Christianity is rightfully considered a historical event that radically influenced the life of Russia. The new religion changed people's ideas, their views, cultural traditions, aesthetic tastes. Until the time of the dominance of the Golden Horde, Russia was considered an advanced, cultural, developed country and a significant state.

The Battle of Kulikovo - a battle that took place in September 1380, ended in the defeat of the troops of the Tatar Khan Mamai, although Russian losses were also significant. But the victory greatly strengthened the authority and influence of the Moscow princes among the neighboring peoples and contributed to the final liberation of Russia from the Mongol-Tatar yoke. This achievement, as well as the military glory of later periods, including the defeat of Napoleon's troops in 1812, contributed to the formation of the spirit of the nation. Russians in the world are known for their love of freedom, desire for independence and the ability to repulse enemies.

The Age of Scientific Achievement

Classical science of the 19th century, paying tribute to ancient roots, continued to be largely metaphysical. However, the fundamental discoveries of the second half of the century revolutionized the minds of scientists. Here are some of them: cell theory in biology, the law of conservation of energy in physics, the theory of the development of the Earth in geology.

The idea of a gradual change in the numerous species of flora and fauna that exist on planet Earth has been in the air for a long time, but finally took shape only in the 19th century in the writings of the English traveler and naturalist Charles Darwin. He published his book on the origin of species in 1859. At first, she provoked zealous criticism, especially from religious figures, who saw in the theory of the emergence of life without divine intervention an encroachment on centuries-old moral foundations.

The discoveries of the 19th century not only influenced the minds and worldviews of people, but prepared the ground and became the impetus for the subsequent grandiose, large-scale and at the same time tragic historical events of the 20th century.

Age of revolutions, wars and tyrants

The next century marked itself with numerous technical innovations, the development of aviation, the discovery of the secrets of the structure of the atom and the conquest of its energy, the decoding of the DNA code, and the creation of computers.

The rapid development of industry and the economic redistribution of the world in the first half of the century became the fundamental reason that pushed the strongest states into the most cruel and bloody world wars, the beginning of which dates back to 1914 and 1939. In this century, the world heard the names of such great titans as Lenin, Stalin, Hitler, who radically changed the course of the planet's history.

The victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War, which put an end to senseless bloodshed in 1945, marked the beginning of a new era in world history.

Space exploration

The idea of human flights to other planets was expressed by progressive astronomers of the Middle Ages. The great scientist Isaac Newton developed theories that later formed the basis of astronautics. Fantastic novels about travel to the moon were written by Jules Verne. Such dreams began to become reality in April 1961, when a manned flight into space took place. And Yuri Gagarin was the first of earthlings who saw the planet from a completely different angle.

The Cold War, which followed the bloody battles of the 20th century, caused not only an arms race that was ridiculous in its madness, but also a competition between the leading powers for influence outside the earth's atmosphere. Human spaceflight was supplemented by launches of interplanetary satellites and landings on the moon by Americans, the first of which took place in July 1969 as part of the Apollo program.

The advent of the Internet

The first signs of the imminent birth of the World Wide Web began to make themselves felt in the 50s of the turbulent past century. We can say that the cold war also served as an impetus for its emergence. Influential circles in the United States were very concerned about the appearance of intercontinental missiles in the USSR, therefore devices for lightning-fast transmission of information were urgently invented. For this, computer networks were used. The Internet was founded by engineer Leonard Clayton. Later, the World Wide Web opened up tremendous opportunities for humanity to communicate and exchange information.

Here is a brief account of those historical events that everyone should know. What will happen in the future with the inhabitants of a cozy, but restless planet Earth, only the future will show.

965 - The defeat of the Khazar Khaganate army of the Kyiv prince Svyatoslav Igorevich.

988 - Baptism of Russia. Kievan Rus accepts Orthodox Christianity.

1223 - Battle on the Kalka- the first battle between the Russians and the Mughals.

1240 - Neva battle- a military conflict between the Russians, led by the Novgorod prince Alexander and the Swedes.

1242 - Battle on Lake Peipsi- a battle between the Russians, led by Alexander Nevsky and the knights of the Livonian Order. This battle went down in history as the Battle on the Ice.

1380 - Battle of Kulikovo- a battle between the united army of Russian principalities led by Dmitry Donskoy and the army of the Golden Horde led by Mamai.

1466 - 1472 - journey of Athanasius Nikitin to Persia, India and Turkey.

1480 - The final deliverance of Russia from the Mongol-Tatar yoke.

1552 - Capture of Kazan Russian troops of Ivan the Terrible, the cessation of the existence of the Kazan Khanate and its inclusion in the Muscovite Russia.

1556 - Accession of the Astrakhan Khanate to Moscow Rus.

1558 - 1583 - Livonian War. The war of the Russian kingdom against the Livonian Order and the subsequent conflict of the Russian kingdom with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Poland and Sweden.

1581 (or 1582) - 1585 - Yermak's campaigns in Siberia and battles with the Tatars.

1589 - Establishment of the Patriarchate in Russia.

1604 - The invasion of False Dmitry I in Russia. Beginning of the Time of Troubles.

1606 - 1607 - Bolotnikov's uprising.

1612 - The liberation of Moscow from the Poles by the people's militia of Minin and Pozharsky End of the Time of Troubles.

1613 - Rise to power in Russia of the Romanov dynasty.

1654 - Pereyaslav Rada decided to reunification of Ukraine with Russia.

1667 - Andrusovo truce between Russia and Poland. Left-bank Ukraine and Smolensk went to Russia.

1686 - "Eternal Peace" with Poland. Russia's entry into the anti-Turkish coalition.

1700 - 1721 - North War- fighting between Russia and Sweden.

1783 - Annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire.

1803 - Decree on free cultivators. The peasants received the right to redeem themselves with land.

1812 - Battle of Borodino- a battle between the Russian army led by Kutuzov and the French troops under the command of Napoleon.

1814 - The capture of Paris by Russian and allied troops.

1817 - 1864 - Caucasian war.

1825 - Decembrist revolt- armed anti-government rebellion of officers of the Russian army.

1825 - built first railroad in Russia.

1853 - 1856 - Crimean War. In this military conflict, the Russian Empire was opposed by England, France and the Ottoman Empire.

1861 - The abolition of serfdom in Russia.

1877 - 1878 - Russo-Turkish War

1914 - Start of World War I and the entry of the Russian Empire into it.

1917 - Revolution in Russia(February and October). In February, after the fall of the monarchy, power passed to the Provisional Government. In October, the Bolsheviks came to power through a coup.

1918 - 1922 - Russian Civil War. It ended with the victory of the Reds (Bolsheviks) and the creation of the Soviet state.
* Separate outbreaks of the civil war began in the autumn of 1917.

1941 - 1945 - War between the USSR and Germany. This confrontation took place within the framework of the Second World War.

1949 - Creation and testing of the first atomic bomb in the USSR.

1961 - First manned flight into space. It was Yuri Gagarin from the USSR.

1991 - The collapse of the USSR and the fall of socialism.

1993 - Acceptance of the constitution by the Russian Federation.

2008 - Armed conflict between Russia and Georgia.

2014 - Return of Crimea to Russia.

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