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02.08.2011 (15:52)

On July 30, at the age of 82, the Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR (1989-1991), General of the Army Yury Alekseevich Yashin, died.

Yashin Yury Alekseevich was born on February 12, 1930 in Leningrad. In the Armed Forces - since 1948. He graduated from the 2nd Leningrad Artillery School (1950), engineering (1964) and command (1969) faculties of the Military Engineering Academy. F.E. Dzerzhinsky.

Since October 1950 - commander of an artillery battery platoon in the Carpathian military district. In the Rocket Forces since March 1951: first deputy chief, then head of the assembly department of the technical battery, head of the starting department of the fire battery of the 23rd Special Purpose Brigade.

From 1957 to 1959 - deputy head of the starting technical team of the Rostov Higher Artillery Engineering School. In 1964, he was appointed deputy, and in March 1965, commander of a separate test unit in the city of Plesetsk. In June 1969 he became deputy commander of the Kartalinsky missile division, and in June 1971 - commander of the Yoshkar-Ola missile division, which became the best in the Strategic Missile Forces.

Since April 1973 - Deputy Head of the Main Directorate of Missile Weapons for Development and Research Work, and since August 1975 - Head of the Research Test Site for Missile and Space Weapons of the USSR Ministry of Defense (Plesetsk). From June 1979 - Commander of the Smolensk Missile Army.

In April 1981 he was appointed First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces. Member of the Military Council of the Strategic Missile Forces (1981-1989). From February 1989 - Deputy Minister of Defense - Chairman of the State Technical Commission of the USSR.

At all positions, Yu.A. Yashin achieved high results, which made a great contribution to the development of the Strategic Missile Forces and the formation of space units. Participated in tests and launches of more than 300 missiles from all ranges (Kapustin Yar, Plesetsk, Baikonur, Svobodny), as well as in putting the majority of combat missile systems on combat duty, developed textbooks and combat operational and technical documentation.

From 1992 to 2001 - Chairman of the Council of the Union of Rocket Veterans. From 1992 to 1998 - Chairman of the State Technical Commission under the President of the Russian Federation. In 1998 he became the General Director of Telecom Invest JSC.

He was awarded the Orders of Lenin, the October Revolution, the Red Star, "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" II and III degrees, "For Services to the Fatherland" IV degrees, Courage, Honor and many medals.

Mourning events for farewell and burial of General of the Army Yu.A. Yashin will be held on August 3 at the Troekurovsky cemetery in Moscow. The Commander of the Strategic Missile Forces, representatives of the Military Council of the Strategic Missile Forces, the Council of the International Public Organization "Union of Veterans-Rocketmen", friends and colleagues will take part in the salutation of military honors. The bright memory of Yury Alekseevich Yashin will forever remain in our hearts.

IA SakhaNews. The last Marshal of the Soviet Union and the last Minister of Defense of the USSR Dmitry Yazov is in a clinical hospital, doctors are fighting for his life. He was hospitalized due to acute cerebrovascular accident, according to Life.

In 1942 he graduated from the Moscow Infantry School. the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, in 1956 - the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze (with honors), in 1967 - the Military Academy of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces.

After graduating from college with the rank of lieutenant, he was sent to the front. During the Great Patriotic War, he was commander of a rifle platoon, commander of a rifle company on the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts. He took part in the defense of Leningrad, in the offensive operations of the Soviet troops in the Baltic states, in the blockade of the Courland group of Nazi troops. Was wounded twice.

In 1946 he completed advanced training courses for infantry officers in the Leningrad Military District.

From 1946 to 1953 - commander of a rifle company, deputy battalion commander in the Leningrad Military District.

In 1956 he was appointed commander of a motorized rifle battalion.

From 1958 to 1961 - Head of the regimental school, senior officer in the Combat Training Directorate of the Leningrad Military District.

From August 1961 he commanded the 400th motorized rifle regiment of the 63rd Guards Rifle Division of the Krasnoselskaya Order of Lenin. From September 1962 to October 1963, during the Caribbean crisis, the regiment was transferred to Cuba, where it was in full combat readiness to repel a possible invasion of US troops. In June 1963, Dmitry Yazov was awarded the rank of colonel.

From December 1963 - Deputy, from June 1964 - Head of the Planning Department of the Combat Training Directorate of the Leningrad Military District.

In October 1967 he was appointed commander of a motorized rifle division in the Trans-Baikal Military District. In February 1968, he was awarded the rank of major general.

From 1971 to 1973 - commander of an army corps in the Crimea. In 1972 he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general.

From January 1973 to May 1974 - Commander of the 4th Army in Baku (Azerbaijan SSR).

In May 1974, Dmitry Yazov headed the department of the Main Personnel Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Defense.

From October 1976 to January 1979 he was First Deputy Commander of the Far Eastern Military District. In 1977 he was awarded the rank of Colonel General.

In 1979-1980. - Commander of the Central Group of Forces. From February 1979 - Plenipotentiary of the Government of the USSR for the stay of Soviet troops in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.

In 1979-1989 - Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 10-11 convocations.

From November 1980 to June 1984 he served as Commander of the Central Asian Military District.

In the period from June 1984 to January 1987 he commanded the Far Eastern Military District. In 1984 he was awarded the rank of General of the Army.

From January 1987 to August 1987 - Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR for Personnel - Head of the Main Directorate of Personnel of the USSR Ministry of Defense.

On May 30, 1987, he was appointed Minister of Defense of the USSR. He replaced Marshal of the Soviet Union Sergei Sokolov in this post. He served as head of the defense department for almost four years. During this period, there was a reduction in the size of the Armed Forces (in December 1988, at the UN General Assembly, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev announced a unilateral reduction in the USSR Armed Forces by 500 thousand people). The withdrawal of Soviet troops from the territory of the countries of Central Europe and Mongolia began, in 1988-1989. their withdrawal from Afghanistan. Soviet-American treaties were signed on the elimination of medium and short-range missiles (INF, 1987), on the limitation of strategic offensive arms (OSNV-1, 1991).

In 1987-1990. - candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In 1987-1991 - Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

From March to December 1990 - Member of the Presidential Council of the USSR.

On April 28, 1990, President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev awarded Dmitry Yazov the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. He became the last Soviet military leader who was awarded this title.

From March 1991 to August 1991 - Member of the USSR Security Council.

On the night of August 18-19, 1991, representatives of the top leadership of the USSR, who disagreed with the reform policy of Mikhail Gorbachev and the draft of the new Union Treaty, formed the State Committee for the State of Emergency in the USSR (GKChP of the USSR). Together with Dmitry Yazov, it included, in particular, the Vice-President of the USSR Gennady Yanaev, the Chairman of the KGB Vladimir Kryuchkov, the Prime Minister of the USSR Valentin Pavlov and others. The main goal of the members of the GKChP is to prevent the liquidation of the USSR. Troops were sent to Moscow on August 19, but Dmitry Yazov refused to give the order to use weapons. On August 22, he was arrested along with other members of the State Emergency Committee and on the same day he was relieved of his duties as Minister of Defense.

January 26, 1993 released from custody on bail. On February 7, 1994, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin, he was dismissed from military service. On February 22 of the same year, he was amnestied by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

After his resignation, he held the positions of chief military adviser to the Main Directorate of International Military Cooperation of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, chief adviser-consultant to the head of the Academy of the General Staff. He was the general inspector of the Office of General Inspectors of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, headed the "Officer Brotherhood" fund of the National Association of Associations of Reserve Officers of the Armed Forces (MEGAPIR), the public organization "Committee in Memory of Marshal Zhukov".

Awarded with the Order of the Red Star (1945), the Order of the Red Banner (1963), two Orders of Lenin (1971, 1981), Orders of the Patriotic War, 1st class (1985), October Revolution (1991), Honor (2004), "For Services to the Fatherland" IV degree (2009), the Order of Scharnhorst (GDR), the Red Banner (Czechoslovakia), the jubilee medal "20 years of independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (2012).

Married. First wife - Ekaterina Fedorovna Zhuravleva, died in 1975. Married with a second marriage to Emma Evgenievna Yazova. Children: daughter Larisa (1947-1949), son Igor (1950-1994), captain of the second rank, was a navigator of a nuclear submarine, daughter Elena, a neuropathologist by profession (born 1953).

The highest generals in the years of upheaval World history Zenkovich Nikolai Aleksandrovich

Part 16 Ministers of Defense (Ministers of War, Ministers of the Armed Forces) of Russia, the USSR, the Russian Federation in the 20th century

Ministers of Defense (Ministers of War, Ministers of the Armed Forces) of Russia, the USSR, the Russian Federation in the 20th century

KUROPATKIN Andrey Nikolaevich (1848–1925). Minister of War of Russia from January 1898 to February 1904

General of Infantry (1901). In military service since 1864. He graduated from the Academy of the General Staff (1874). In 1866-1871, 1875-1877, 1879-1893 served in Turkestan, participated in the accession of Central Asia to Russia. In the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. chief of staff of the infantry division. In 1878–1879 and 1883–1990 at the main headquarters. In 1890–1897 head of the Transcaspian region. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. commander-in-chief of the armed forces in the Far East. After the defeat in the battle of Mukden in 1905, he was removed from the post of commander in chief and appointed commander of the 1st Army. Since 1906, a member of the State Council. During the First World War he commanded a corps (1915), then the 5th Army, from February to July 1916, the Northern Front. From July 1916 to February 1917 he was the governor of Turkestan. After the October Revolution, he lived on his estate and taught at a secondary school. Killed by unknown bandits.

SAKHAROV Viktor Viktorovich(1848 - 22.11.1905). Minister of War of Russia in 1904–1905

Adjutant General. He graduated from a military school and the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff. Member of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 Then Assistant Chief of Staff of the Warsaw Military District, Chief of Staff of the Odessa Military District. In 1898–1904 Chief of the General Staff. Since 1904, the Minister of War of Russia. On June 21, 1905, he was relieved of this post. Killed in Saratov, where he was sent to put an end to peasant unrest.

REDIGER Alexander Fedorovich (1854–1920). Minister of War of Russia in 1905–1909

General of Infantry (1907). In military service since 1870. Graduated from the Academy of the General Staff (1878). Member of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 From 1880 he taught at the Academy of the General Staff. In 1882-1883 he served in the Bulgarian army: Deputy Minister of War, then Minister of War of Bulgaria. Since 1884, assistant chief, then head of the office of the Military Ministry of Russia. Developer of the military reform program 1905–1912

SUKHOMLINOV Vladimir Alexandrovich (1848–1926). Minister of War of Russia in 1909–1915

General of the cavalry (1906). Graduated from the Academy of the General Staff. Member of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 From 1884 commander of a cavalry regiment, head of a cavalry school, commander of a cavalry division. In 1899–1908 Chief of Staff, Commander of the Kyiv Military District. In 1905–1908 at the same time Kyiv, Volyn and Podolsk Governor-General. Since 1908, Chief of the General Staff. As Minister of War, he was accused of abuse and treason. However, the court did not confirm the allegations. From 1918 he lived in exile.

POLIVANOV Alexey Andreevich(1855–1920). Minister of War of Russia, Chairman of the Special Conference on the Defense of the State in 1915–1916 .

General of Infantry (1915). In military service in the Russian army since 1872. Member of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878. Graduated from the Academy of the General Staff (1888). In 1905–1906 Quartermaster General of the General Staff. In 1906–1912 assistant minister of war. He was a special representative of the Provisional Government for military reform. In 1918 he joined the Red Army. Since 1920, he was a member of the Military Legislative Council, a member of the Special Meeting under the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic, a military expert under the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.

SHUVAEV Dmitry Savelievich (1854–1937). Minister of War of Russia from March 1916 to January 1917

General of Infantry (1912). He graduated from the Alexander Military School (1872), the Academy of the General Staff (1878). He served in staff positions, taught in military schools. From 1905 he commanded a division, in 1907–1908. body. Since 1909 he was the head of the Main Quartermaster Department, then the Chief Quartermaster. From January 1917 he was a member of the State Council. After the October Revolution, he taught at military educational institutions of the Red Army, including at the Shot command staff courses. Since the end of the 20s. retired, personal pensioner.

BELYAEV Mikhail Alekseevich (1863–1918). Minister of War of Russia in January - March 1917

General of Infantry (1914). In 1893 he graduated from the Academy of the General Staff. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. chief of the office of the headquarters of the 1st Manchurian army and the headquarters of the commander in chief. During the First World War, Chief of the General Staff (1914–1916), simultaneously from 1915 Assistant Minister of War. Since 1916, member of the Military Council, representative in the Romanian headquarters. In March 1917 he was arrested by the Provisional Government and dismissed. In 1918 he was arrested by the Soviet authorities. Shot.

Guchkov Alexander Ivanovich (1862–1936). Military and Naval Minister of the Provisional Government of Russia from 03/02/1917 to 04/30/1917 .

Graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University. Since 1893 he has been a member of the Moscow City Council. In 1899–1902 participated in the Anglo-Boer War. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. Commissioner of the Red Cross. Since 1905, the founder and leader of the Octobrist party "Union of October 17". Since 1907, a deputy of the State Duma, in 1907–1911. its chairman. In 1915–1917 Chairman of the Central Military Industrial Committee. In the days of the February Revolution of 1917, together with V. V. Shulgin, he traveled to Pskov, where he took part in the act of abdication of the throne of Nicholas II. One of the organizers of the military speech of General L. G. Kornilov against the Bolsheviks in August 1917. After the October Revolution of 1917, he emigrated to Berlin.

Kerensky Alexander Fyodorovich (1881–1970). Military and Naval Minister of the Provisional Government of Russia in May - September 1917

In August - October 1917 Supreme Commander of the Russian Army. In 1904 he graduated from St. Petersburg University. Advocate. In 1912–1917 Deputy of the 4th State Duma. In March - May 1917 Minister of Justice of the Provisional Government, from July 1917 simultaneously Minister - Chairman (Prime Minister). After the October Revolution of 1917, he fled from Petrograd to the location of the command of the Northern Front. Together with P. N. Krasnov led an uprising against the Bolsheviks. After its suppression, he joined the struggle against Soviet power on the Don. In 1918 he emigrated to France. Since 1940 he lived in the USA. Conducted active anti-Soviet activities. He headed the League of Struggle for People's Freedom. Committed suicide.

VERKHOVSKY Alexander Ivanovich (1886–1938). Minister of War of the Provisional Government of Russia from 08/30/1917 to 10/20/1917

Major General. In military service since 1903. In 1911 he graduated from the Academy of the General Staff. Member of the Russo-Japanese and World War I. In July - August 1917, commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District. In 1919 he moved to the Red Army. In 1920, he was a member of the Special Meeting under the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic. In 1921–1930 in teaching at the Military Academy of the Red Army, professor. In 1930–1932 Chief of Staff of the North Caucasian Military District. Then he served in the "Shot" courses, in the General Staff, the Military Academy of the General Staff. Kombrig (1936). Author of a number of works on military art. In 1938 he was shot. In 1956 he was rehabilitated.

PODVOISKY Nikolai Ilyich (1880–1948). People's Commissar for Military Affairs of the RSFSR from November 1917 to March 1918

In 1894–1901 studied at the theological seminary, in 1904-1905. Demidov juridical lyceum. Member of the RSDLP since 1901. Conducted active organizational and military-combat work. In 1917, a member of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee, its Bureau and the operational troika to lead the October armed uprising. He commanded the troops of the Petrograd Military District. Simultaneously with the post of People's Commissar for Military Affairs of the RSFSR, he was the chairman of the All-Russian Collegium for the organization of the Red Army. Then a member of the Supreme Military Council, chairman of the Supreme Military Inspectorate, member of the Revolutionary Military Council (September 1918 - July 1919). In 1919–1921 People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs of Ukraine, member of the RVS of the 7th and 10th armies. In 1921–1923 head of Vsevobuch and special forces.

TROTSKY (BRONSTEIN) Lev (Leiba) Davidovich(07.11.1879 - 21.08.1940). People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs of the RSFSR from 03/13/1918 to 07/06/1923, People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs of the USSR from 07/06/1923 to 01/26/1925

Born into the family of a large landowner-colonist. Secondary education. In the social democratic movement since 1896. In January 1898 he was arrested, imprisoned, first in Nikolaev, from there he was transferred to Kherson, then to Odessa and Moscow transit. Sentenced to four years of exile in Eastern Siberia, where he was taken with his wife in the fall of 1900. He joined the Mensheviks. In August 1902, leaving his wife and two daughters, the youngest of whom was three months old, he fled from Siberian exile with a passport in the name of Trotsky, which he himself entered, not foreseeing that it would become his name for life. In October 1905 he returned to Russia. Participated in the revolution of 1905-1907, was elected deputy chairman and chairman of the St. Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies. The author of the concept of "permanent revolution". In December 1905 he was arrested, spent 15 months in the "Crosses", in the Peter and Paul Fortress and in the house of preliminary detention. In 1907, he was deprived of all civil rights and sentenced to an indefinite exile in a settlement in Siberia. He fled from the village of Berezov, where an associate of Peter I, Prince AD ​​Menshikov, was once exiled. In 1907–1917 in exile. On March 27, 1917, on a Norwegian steamer, he left New York for Russia with his family and eight like-minded people. At the beginning of May 1917 he arrived in Petrograd. In July 1917, he was arrested by order of the Provisional Government as a German agent and placed in the Kresty prison. In August, during the Kornilov rebellion, he was released and immediately went to the newly created committee for the defense of the revolution. From September 25 (October 08), 1917, Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet. He proposed the name of the first Soviet government approved by V. I. Lenin - the Council of People's Commissars. At the suggestion of Ya. M. Sverdlov, he entered the government as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR. In December 1917 - early 1918, the head of the Soviet delegation at the negotiations in Brest-Litovsk, put forward the thesis there: "Neither peace, nor war." Broke the first stage of negotiations. The Treaty of Brest signed instead G. Ya. Sokolnikov. On February 22, 1918, he resigned as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs ... From March 13, 1918, he was People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs of the RSFSR, from September 2, 1918, Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic. On 08/05/1919 he sent a "Note to the Central Committee of the RCP", where he proposed to create "a cavalry corps (30,000 - 40,000 horsemen) with the expectation of throwing it to India." According to his plan, "the path to Paris and London lies through the cities of Afghanistan, Punjab and Bengal," therefore, the revolutionary academy, the political and military headquarters of the Asian revolution, should have been concentrated in Turkestan. After the formation of the USSR, from 07/06/1923 he headed the Allied People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs and at the same time the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. The actual creator of the Red Army. Directed by V. I. Lenin to the threatening areas of the Civil War. Worn along the fronts in a special armored train, the prototype of a modern mobile command post. He introduced the institution of hostages, according to which the wives and children of officers who did not want to serve the new regime were arrested. The initiator of the creation of concentration camps and the use of forced labor of prisoners. One of the most cruel Bolshevik figures, he used mass executions, executions of hostages and other punitive measures. After the death of V. I. Lenin, he claimed the role of the first person in the party and the state. lost I. V. Stalin. In January 1928 he was exiled to Alma-Ata. On February 20, 1932, he was deprived of Soviet citizenship. Until 07/17/1933 he lived in Turkey, then in France and Norway, from 01/09/1937 in Mexico. In 1938 he founded the IV International. He sought to create an "internationalist left opposition. On May 23, 1940, at his villa in Mexico, he was subjected to an armed attack organized by the foreign NKVD residency on instructions from Moscow, but miraculously survived. On August 20, 1940, he was mortally wounded by an ice pick in the head by NKVD agent R. Mercader, who in 1961 was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for this act after a 20-year prison sentence by the Mexican judicial authorities. Buried in Mexico.

FRUNZE Mikhail Vasilievich(04.02.1885 - 31.10.1925). People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs of the USSR from 01/26/1925 to 10/31/1925

Born in the family of a military paramedic. Unfinished higher education, studied at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. I chose the path of a professional revolutionary. Under the nickname "Arseny" he conducted underground work in St. Petersburg, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Shuya and other cities. He was repeatedly arrested. He was twice sentenced to death by hanging for participating in a "criminal community" and in an attempt on the life of a police officer. He spent long weeks on death row, but both times the death penalty was replaced by hard labor and life exile, from where he arranged escapes. After the February Revolution of 1917, he was a member of the Minsk Soviet, head of the Minsk police, chairman of the Council of Peasant Deputies of the Minsk and Vilna provinces, member of the Western Front Committee. Since September 1917, he was the chairman of the executive committee of the Shuisky Soviet and the county committee of the RSDLP (b). On October 31, 1917, he brought two thousand well-armed and trained soldiers and workers from Shuya, Kovrov and Vladimir to Moscow to take part in street battles against government troops. Since the beginning of 1918, the chairman of the Ivanovo-Voznesensky provincial party committee and the provincial executive committee, the provincial economic council, the military commissar. Since August 1918, the military commissar of the Yaroslavl military district. Since February 1919, the commander of the 4th, in May - June 1919, the Turkestan army. Simultaneously, since March 1919, the commander of the Southern Army Group of the Eastern Front. From July 1919 commander of the Eastern Front, from August 1919 to September 1920 the Turkestan Front, from September 1920 the Southern Front. He achieved major victories in battles with the armies of prominent military leaders of the White Guard A. V. Kolchak, P. N. Wrangel and others. He showed undoubted abilities as a commander. Commanding the Turkestan Front, he established Bolshevik power in Khiva and Bukhara by force of arms. In 1920–1924 commander of the troops of Ukraine and Crimea, Ukrainian military district. He defeated the main forces of the Ukrainian atamans-rebels. Since 1922, Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR. Since March 1924, Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and Deputy People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs of the USSR, simultaneously since April, Chief of Staff of the Red Army and Head of the Military Academy of the Red Army. In 1924, he headed the commission of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, which developed the principles of military reform: the elimination of the remnants of "war communism" in the army, the concentration of combat, administrative and economic functions in the hands of the commander, even if he was not a party commander. From 01/26/1925 Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR and People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs of the USSR. Replaced L. D. Trotsky. On 10/08/1925, a council chaired by the People's Commissar of Health of the RSFSR N. A. Semashko recommended surgical intervention in connection with the detected signs of a stomach ulcer. From the Kremlin hospital he was transferred to the Botkin hospital, where on October 29, 1925, Dr. V. N. Rozanov began the operation. The operation lasted 35 minutes, anesthesia was given for 65 minutes. In connection with the drop in the pulse, they resorted to injections that stimulate cardiac activity; after the operation, they struggled with heart failure. Therapeutic interventions were unsuccessful. After 39 hours, M. V. Frunze died "with symptoms of heart paralysis." He was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner and Honorary Revolutionary Weapons. Author of major works on military topics: "Reorganization of the Red Army" (M., 1921), "Unified Military Doctrine and the Red Army" (M., 1921), "Front and Rear in the War of the Future" (M., 1924), "Lenin and the Red Army ”(M., 1925) and others. He was buried near the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow. In 1926, his name was given to the capital of the Kirghiz SSR, the city of Pishpek. After the collapse of the USSR, the former name was returned to the city.

VOROSHILOV Kliment Efremovich (04.02.1881 - 02.12.1969). People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs of the USSR from 11/06/1925 to June 1934, People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR from June 1934 to 05/07/1940

Marshal of the Soviet Union (1935). Born in the family of a railway worker. Primary education, in 1895 he graduated from the rural zemstvo school. From the age of ten he worked as a shepherd, from the age of eleven he worked as an auxiliary worker at a mine near Lugansk. He was repeatedly arrested, imprisoned, served exile in the Arkhangelsk and Perm provinces. During World War I, he avoided being drafted into the army. In November 1917, the commissar of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee (for city government), together with F. E. Dzerzhinsky, participated in the creation of the Cheka. In January 1918, Chairman of the Extraordinary Commission for the Protection of Petrograd. In March 1918, he created and led the 1st Lugansk Socialist Partisan Detachment, which defended the then capital of Ukraine, Kharkov, from the German-Austrian troops. In April 1918 he organized and led the 5th Ukrainian Army. In July - early August 1918 he commanded the 10th Army. Participated in the defense of Tsaritsyn, the general leadership of which was carried out by I. V. Stalin. In August - September 1918, he was a member of the Military Council of the North Caucasian Military District, in September - October, assistant commander and member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Southern Front, in October - December, commander of the 10th Army. Since January 1919, the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR. In May - June 1919, he led the defeat of the rebellion of N. A. Grigoriev in the south of Ukraine. In June - July 1919, commander of the 14th Army and commander of the internal Ukrainian front. For the surrender of Kharkov, he was removed by a revolutionary tribunal, which stated the complete military incompetence of the commander (“his military knowledge does not allow even a battalion to be entrusted to him”), which became an extenuating circumstance. One of the organizers and in November 1919 - May 1921 a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the First Cavalry Army. In March 1921, he participated in the suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion. In 1921–1924 member of the South-Eastern Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), commander of the North Caucasian Military District. Since 1924, commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District, member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. From January 1925, Deputy People's Commissar, from November 1925 to June 1934, People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs of the USSR, Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. He replaced M. V. Frunze, who died during a surgical operation. In June 1934 - May 1940 - People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. In his honor, the city of Lugansk was renamed Voroshilovgrad, the city of Stavropol was renamed Voroshilovsk. The best shooters received the honorary title "Voroshilovsky shooter", the heavy tank "KV" was named after him. After unsuccessful battles with Finland (1939–1940) he was replaced by the commander of the Kyiv military district S. K. Timoshenko. From May 1940, Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, in charge of cultural issues, and until May 1941, Chairman of the Defense Committee under the Council of People's Commissars. In February 1941, the Academy of the General Staff was named after him. During the Great Patriotic War, a member of the State Defense Committee and the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command (1941–1944). From 07/10/1941 to 08/31/1941 commander-in-chief of the troops of the North-Western direction. In September 1941, commander of the troops of the Leningrad Front. On September 10, 1941, after the loss of Shlisselburg and the final encirclement of Leningrad, in desperation, he personally led the attack of the marines. Removed and replaced G. K. Zhukov, who did not listen to his advice and did not even want to say goodbye before flying to Moscow. For some time he supervised, through the GKO, the training of the Red Army reserves in the Moscow, Volga, Central Asian and Ural military districts. From September 1942 Commander-in-Chief of the partisan movement. He was subordinate to the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement, headed by P.K. Ponomarenko. In January 1943, as a representative of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, he coordinated the actions of the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts in breaking the blockade of Leningrad. In December 1943, in the Separate Primorskaya Army, he developed a plan for an operation to liberate the Crimea, which ended in failure. Headed the Trophy Committee. He negotiated with the British military mission, participated in the Tehran Conference (1943), was the chairman of the commissions for a truce with Finland, Hungary and Romania. In 1945–1947 Chairman of the Allied Control Commission in Hungary. From March 1946 to March 1953, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Chairman of the Bureau for Culture under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. On behalf of I. V. Stalin, he chaired the last meeting of the last during the lifetime of the leader of the 19th Congress of the CPSU, closed it. After the death of I. V. Stalin from 03/05/1953 to May 1960, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. During the reign of M. S. Gorbachev, his life and work underwent a critical rethinking, the city of Voroshilovgrad in Ukraine was renamed Lugansk, the Voroshilovsky district of Moscow into Khoroshevsky, his name was removed from the official name of the Academy of the General Staff. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1956, 1968), Hero of Socialist Labor (1960). He was awarded eight Orders of Lenin, six Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of Suvorov 1st degree, the Red Banner of the Uzbek SSR, the Red Banner of the Tajik SSR, the Red Banner of the ZSFSR, the Honorary Weapon with the golden image of the State Emblem of the USSR. Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic, was awarded orders from many countries. He published memoirs about the Lugansk period of his activity (“Stories about Life”. M., 1968. Book 1.) He was buried near the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow.

TIMOSHENKO Semyon Konstantinovich (1895–1970). People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR from 05/07/1940 to 07/19/1941

Marshal of the Soviet Union (1940). Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1940, 1965). In the Red Army from 1918. Until July 1941, he was a representative of the Headquarters of the High Command, then he was part of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. In July - September 1941 - Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. From July 1941 commander-in-chief of the Western troops, from September 1941 to June 1942 commander-in-chief of the troops of the South-Western direction, simultaneously in July - September 1941 commander of the Western direction, in September - December 1941 and in April - July 1942 city ​​of the Southwestern Fronts. Under his leadership, the Rostov offensive operation was planned and carried out in November - December 1941 in the South-Western direction. In July 1942, the commander of the Stalingrad, in October 1942 - March 1943, the North-Western Fronts. The troops of the North-Western Front under his command liquidated the enemy's Demyansky bridgehead. In March - June 1943, as a representative of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, he coordinated the actions of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, in June - November 1943 of the North Caucasian Front and the Black Sea Fleet, in February - June 1944 of the 2nd and 3rd Baltic fronts, in August 1944 - May 1945 of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Ukrainian fronts. Participated in the development and conduct of some strategic operations, including the Iasi-Chisinau.

Stalin I.V. from 07/19/1941 to 03/03/1947 (s. People's Commissariat of the Armed Forces, from 03/15/1946 the Ministry of the Armed Forces).

STALIN (Dzhugashvili) Joseph Vissarionovich. People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR from 07/19/1941 to 02/25/1946, People's Commissar of the Armed Forces of the USSR from 02/25/1946 to 03/15/1946, Minister of the USSR Armed Forces from 03/15/1946 to 03/03/1947 ., Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the USSR from 08/08/1941 to September 1945

Generalissimo of the Soviet Union (1945). Marshal of the Soviet Union (1943). Born in the family of a handicraft shoemaker. Since 1901, a professional revolutionary. On July 22, 1913, he was exiled in stages to the Turukhansk region for four years. On December 27, 1917, he was sent in stages to Krasnoyarsk in connection with conscription for military service. On February 22, 1917, he was transferred by the Krasnoyarsk district military chief to the jurisdiction of the police department, as released from military service. He played an important role in the preparation and victory of the October Revolution of 1917. He was a member of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee, which led the uprising. People's Commissar for Nationalities in the first government of the RSFSR (until 1923). Since 1919, the People's Commissar of the State Control, in 1920-1922. People's Commissar of the RKI RSFSR. At the same time, since 1918, he was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic and a number of fronts, a member of the Council of Workers' and Peasants' Defense. He was sent by V. I. Lenin with emergency powers to the fronts, where a particularly threatening situation developed. 07/06/1918 arrived in Tsaritsyn, organized its defense, which made it possible to solve the grain problem. In the spring of 1919, he was sent by V.I. Lenin to the Eastern Front to eliminate the Perm catastrophe, in the second half of 1919 to the Southern Front to defeat Denikin's troops. On October 20, 1919, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In January - August 1920 he was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the South-Western Front, at the same time in February - March 1920 he was the chairman of the military council of the Ukrainian Labor Army. In September - November 1920, he was authorized by the Central Committee of the RCP (b) in the Caucasus. At the same time, from May 1921 to August 1923, he was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, a representative of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in the STO of the RSFSR. From 04/03/1922 General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party. Since 05/06/1941 Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (Council of Ministers) of the USSR. 06/23/1941 became part of the Headquarters of the High Command, the highest body of strategic leadership of the country's armed forces during the Great Patriotic War, 07/10/1941 headed it. From 06/30/1941 to 09/04/1945 Chairman of the State Defense Committee (GKO), from 07/19/1941 to March 1947 People's Commissar of Defense, Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR, from 08/08/1941 to September 1945 Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the USSR. He headed the Soviet delegations at the Tehran (1943), Crimean and Berlin (1945) international conferences. Hero of the Soviet Union (1945), Hero of Socialist Labor (1939). He was awarded three Orders of Lenin, two Orders of Victory, three Orders of the Red Banner, and the Order of Suvorov, 1st class. First he was buried in the Lenin-Stalin Mausoleum on Red Square in Moscow. On October 30, 1961, the XXII Congress of the CPSU adopted a decision initiated by N. S. Khrushchev: “To recognize as inappropriate the further preservation of the sarcophagus with the coffin of I. V. Stalin in the Mausoleum, since Stalin’s serious violations of Lenin’s precepts, abuse of power, mass repressions against honest Soviet people and other actions during the period of the cult of personality make it impossible to leave the coffin with his body in the Lenin Mausoleum "( XXIII Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Verbatim report. T. 3. M., 1961. S. 362). On October 31, 1961, the body was taken out of the Mausoleum and buried in the ground near the Kremlin wall on Red Square.

Bulganin Nikolai Alexandrovich (30.05.1895 - 24.02.1975). Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR from 03/03/1947 to 03/24/1949, USSR Minister of Defense from 03/05/1953 to 03/15/1955

Marshal of the Soviet Union (1947–1958), colonel general (since 1944 and since 1958). Born in Nizhny Novgorod. Education unfinished secondary. Since 1918 in the organs of the Cheka. In 1918–1919 Deputy Chairman of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod Railway Cheka. In 1922–1927 Assistant to the Chairman of the Electrotechnical Trust of the Central District, Chairman of the State Electrotechnical Trust of the Supreme Council of the National Economy (VSNKh) of the USSR. From 1927 to 1930 he was director of the Moscow Electric Plant. In 1931–1937 Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Moscow City Council. From June 1937 Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. In September 1938 - May 1944 - Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. At the same time, from September 1938 to April 1940 and from October 1940 to May 1945, he was Chairman of the Board of the State Bank of the USSR. At the same time during the Great Patriotic War from 07/19/1941 to 09/10/1941 and from 02/01/1942 to 05/05/1942 he was a member of the Military Council of the Western Direction. He was a member of the Military Council of the Western Front from 07/12/1941 to 12/15/1943; 2nd Baltic Front from 02/16/1943 to 04/21/1944; 1st Belorussian Front from 05/12/1944 to 11/21/1944 Participated in the development and implementation of strategic and front-line operations during the Battle of Moscow, during the offensive in the Baltic states and the liberation of Poland. Since November 1944, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, member of the State Defense Committee (GKO) of the USSR. In February 1945, he was introduced to the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. From March 1946 he was First Deputy Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Since March 1947, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and at the same time in March 1947 - March 1949, Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR, from May 1947 to August 1949, Chairman of Committee No. 2 (jet technology) under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In March 1953 - February 1955 - First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and Minister of Defense of the USSR. From February 1960 he was a personal pensioner of allied significance. He lived out his last years alone in a small two-room apartment in Moscow. Hero of Socialist Labor (1955). He was awarded two Orders of Lenin (the first of them is number 10), the Order of the Red Banner, two Orders of Kutuzov 1st degree, Orders of Suvorov 1st and 2nd degrees, two Orders of the Red Star, and medals. He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow modestly, without military honors. The cemetery was closed for a sanitary day, and no one was allowed in except for relatives and close acquaintances. There was no orchestra and no farewell salute.

VASILEVSKY Alexander Mikhailovich (1895–1977). Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR from 03/24/1949 to 02/25/1950, Minister of War of the USSR from 02/25/1950 to 03/05/1953

Marshal of the Soviet Union (1943). Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945). In the Red Army since 1919. In June 1941, major general. Since August 1941, Deputy Chief of the General Staff, Chief of the Operational Directorate. From May 1942 he was chief of the General Staff, at the same time from October 1942 he was deputy people's commissar of defense of the USSR. Participated in the planning and development of major operations. During the Battle of Stalingrad, he played a big role in the development and implementation of the counteroffensive plan. As a representative of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, he interacted between the Voronezh and Steppe fronts in the Battle of Kursk. He led the planning and conduct of operations to liberate the Donbass, Northern Tavria, Crimea, in the Belarusian and East Prussian operations. From February 1945 he was a member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, commander of the 3rd Belorussian Front. Led the assault on Koenigsberg. Participated in the development of a campaign plan in the Far East. From June 1945 he was commander-in-chief of the troops in the Far East. Under his leadership, the Manchurian strategic offensive operation was carried out to defeat the Kwantung Army (09.08–02.09.1945).

ZHUKOV Georgy Konstantinovich (01.12.1896 - 18.06.1974). Minister of Defense of the USSR from 03/15/1955 to October 1957

Marshal of the Soviet Union (1943). Born into a peasant family. During the First World War he was drafted into the army, rose to the rank of vice non-commissioned officer of the cavalry. He was awarded two St. George's crosses ... In September 1918, he was mobilized into the Red Army. During the Civil War, he commanded a platoon, a squadron. Participated in a punitive operation to suppress the anti-Bolshevik peasant uprising of A. S. Antonov in the Tambov province. After the end of the Civil War, squadron commander, assistant commander of a cavalry regiment, commander of a cavalry regiment. He was educated at cavalry courses in 1920, advanced training courses for cavalry commanders in 1925, and courses for the highest commanding staff of the Red Army in 1930. From May 1930, he was commander of the 2nd brigade of the 7th Samara cavalry division. Since February 1933, the assistant to the inspector of the cavalry of the Red Army S. M. Budyonny; from March 1933 commander of the 4th cavalry (from April 1936 Don Cossack) division; from July 1937 commander of the 3rd cavalry, from February 1938 of the 6th Cossack corps; since July 1938, deputy commander of the Belarusian military district for cavalry. In June 1939 he was appointed commander of the 1st Army Group of Forces in Mongolia. According to modern historians, he achieved victory in the battles at Khalkhin Gol at the cost of huge casualties. Having an advantage in manpower, tanks and aviation, he defeated the Japanese, losing 25,000 Soviet soldiers killed (the enemy lost 20,000 people). Distinguished by cruelty in the leadership of the troops. Since June 1940, commander of the troops of the Kyiv Special Military District. He led the operation to annex Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the USSR. In January - July 1941, Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. Since June 1941 General of the Army. Since 06/23/1941, a member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. From August 1942 he was First Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR and Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief. Directly participated in the development and implementation of the strategic plans of the Supreme Command, in the preparation and conduct of many major operations. In August - September 1941, the commander of the Reserve Front, successfully carried out the first offensive operation during the war to defeat the shock group of Nazi troops in the Yelnya region. From 09/04/1941, the commander of the troops of the Leningrad Front, replaced in this post K. E. Voroshilova. Forced the enemy to go on the defensive, did not let him capture Leningrad. 10/07/1941 was called I. V. Stalin to Moscow and on 10/10/1941 took command of the Western Front during the Battle of Moscow. In 1942–1943 coordinated the actions of the fronts near Stalingrad, then to break the blockade of Leningrad, in the battles near Kursk and for the Dnieper. In March - May 1944, commander of the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front. In the summer of 1944, he coordinated the actions of the 2nd and 1st Belorussian fronts in the Belorussian offensive operation. At the final stage of the war (November 1944 - June 1945), the commander of the 1st Belorussian Front, whose troops at the beginning of 1945, together with the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front, carried out the Vistula-Oder operation, liberated most of Poland and entered territory of Germany. In April - May 1945, the troops of the front under his command, in cooperation with the troops of the 1st Ukrainian and 2nd Ukrainian fronts, carried out the Berlin operation and captured Berlin. On behalf of and on behalf of the Soviet Supreme High Command, on May 8, 1945, in Karlshorst (Berlin), he accepted the surrender of Germany. 06/24/1945 hosted the Victory Parade in Moscow. In 1945–1946 Commander-in-Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, Deputy Minister of the USSR Armed Forces. Released from these positions on 06/03/1946. Until 1948, the commander of the troops of the Odessa military district. In an order dated 06/09/1946, signed by I.V. Stalin, he was accused of “lack of modesty”, “excessive personal ambitions” and “attributing to himself a decisive role in all major combat operations during the war, including those in which he played no role at all. The order also stated that "Marshal Zhukov, feeling embittered, decided to gather around him the losers, the commanders who were relieved of their posts, thus becoming in opposition to the government and the High Command." In 1946, a “trophy case” was launched against him on charges of exporting from Germany a huge amount of furniture, works of art, and jewelry for his personal use. On February 21, 1947, by a survey of members of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, drawn up as a decision of the Plenum of the Central Committee, he was withdrawn from the list of candidates for membership in the Central Committee "as having failed to fulfill the duties of a candidate member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks." On 01/20/1948, following the results of the inspection of the district, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks issued "the last warning, giving him the last opportunity to correct himself and become an honest member of the party, worthy of a commander's rank." By the same decree, he was relieved from the post of commander of the troops of the Odessa military district "for appointment to command one of the smaller military districts." Had a heart attack. Secret searches were carried out in the apartment and at the dacha. From 02/04/1948 to 03/05/1953 commander of the troops of the Ural Military District. After the death of I. V. Stalin, he was returned to Moscow, from March 1953 he was the first deputy minister of defense of the USSR. 06/26/1953 participated in the operation to arrest L.P. Beria in the Kremlin. 09/09/1954 led secret exercises with a real explosion of an atomic bomb in the Totsk training center near Orenburg. In 1955–1957 Minister of Defense of the USSR. On 10/19/1957, at a meeting of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU, he was accused of trying to belittle the role of political agencies in the army, Bonapartism, self-praise, removed from the post of Minister of Defense of the USSR. Since February 27, 1958, retired. Four times Hero of the Soviet Union (1939, 1944, 1945, 1956). He was awarded six Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, two Orders of Victory (including Order No. 1), three Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of Suvorov, 1st class, and Honorary Arms. Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic. The ashes were buried in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow. In May 1995, monuments were solemnly opened to him in Moscow on Manezhnaya Square and Marshal Zhukov Avenue, as well as in Tver, St. Petersburg, Omsk and Yekaterinburg.

MALINOVSKY Rodion Yakovlevich (1898–1967). Minister of Defense of the USSR in 1957–1967

Marshal of the Soviet Union (1944). Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1945, 1958). In military service since 1914. Member of the First World War and the Civil War. In the Red Army since 1919. In 1930 he graduated from the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze. From the same year, the chief of staff of the cavalry regiment, then at the headquarters of the North Caucasian and Belarusian military districts. Since 1935, the chief of staff of the cavalry corps. In June 1941 Major General. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the commander of the 48th Rifle Corps. From August 1941 commander of the 6th Army, from December 1941 of the Southern Front, from August 1942 the 66th Army. In October - November 1942, the deputy commander of the troops of the Voronezh Front, from November 1942 the commander of the 2nd Guards Army, from February 1943 the South, from March 1943 the South-Western, from May 1944 the 2nd Ukrainian fronts. The troops under his command successfully operated in the Barvenkovo-Lozovskaya operation, the Kharkov battle (1942), the Donbass operation (1942), the Battle of Stalingrad, the Zaporozhye, Nikopol-Krivoy Rog, Odessa, Iasi-Kishinev, Budapest, Vienna operations. From July 1945 he was commander of the Trans-Baikal Front, whose troops delivered the main blow in the Manchurian strategic operation to defeat the Japanese Kwantung Army. In 1945–1947 commander of the troops of the Trans-Baikal-Amur Military District, in 1947-1953. commander-in-chief of the troops of the Far East, in 1953–1956 commander of the troops of the Far Eastern Military District. Since 1956 - First Deputy Minister of Defense, Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces.

GRECHKO Andrey Antonovich (10/17/1903 - 04/26/1976). Minister of Defense of the USSR in 1967–1976

Marshal of the Soviet Union (1955). Born into a peasant family. In 1919 he voluntarily joined the Red Army. During the Civil War he fought in the 11th Cavalry Division of the 1st Cavalry Army. After graduating in 1926 from the North Caucasian mountain nationalities of the cavalry school, the commander of a platoon, squadron. Nominee K. E. Voroshilova and S. M. Budyonny, who placed their cavalrymen in prominent command posts. Graduated in 1936 from the Military Academy named after M. V. Frunze, in 1941 the Military Academy of the General Staff. Since 1938, the chief of staff of the special cavalry division of the Belarusian military district. In September 1939 he participated in the liberation of Western Belarus. From July 1941 he commanded the 34th Separate Cavalry Division on the Southwestern Front; from January 1942 the 5th Cavalry Corps on the Southern Front, from April 1942 the commander of the 12th Army, from September 1942 the 47th Army, from October 1942 the 18th Army. In January - October 1943, commander of the 56th Army on the 1st Ukrainian Front. Then he was deputy commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front. In December 1943 - May 1946, the commander of the 1st Guards Army, with which he reached Prague. In 1945–1953 commander of the troops of the Kyiv military district. In 1953–1957 commander-in-chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany. 06/17/1953, when strikes and mass demonstrations of workers broke out in the GDR, he received an order from L.P. Beria to restore order with the help of military force. As a result, hundreds of people died. In 1957–1967 First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, at the same time (in 1957-1960) Commander-in-Chief of the Land Forces of the Soviet Union, in 1960-1967. Commander-in-Chief of the Joint Armed Forces of the States Parties to the Warsaw Pact. Under his leadership, the largest maneuvers and military exercises "Dnepr", "Dvina", "South", "Ocean" and others were carried out. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1958, 1973). He was awarded six Orders of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of Suvorov 1st Class, Order of Suvorov 2nd Class, two Orders of Kutuzov 1st Class, two Orders of Bogdan Khmelnitsky 1st Class. He died suddenly at his dacha. Author of the memoirs “The Battle for the Caucasus” (M., 1976), “Through the Carpathians” (M., 1972), “The Liberation of Kyiv” (M., 1973), “The Years of War. 1941-1943" (M., 1976). The ashes were buried in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow.

USTINOV Dmitry Fyodorovich(30.10.1908 - 20.12.1984). Minister of Defense of the USSR from April 1976 to 12/20/1984

Marshal of the Soviet Union (1976). Born into a working class family. Russian. In 1922–1923 in the Red Army. He served in special forces, then in the 12th Turkestan Rifle Regiment. After demobilization in 1923 he graduated from a vocational school in the town of Makaryev, Kostroma province. In 1927–1929 worked as a mechanic at the Balakhna paper mill in the Nizhny Novgorod province, as a diesel engine driver at the Zaryadye factory in Ivanovo-Voznesensk. In 1929 he entered the Ivanovo Polytechnic Institute, from where he transferred to the Moscow Higher Technical School named after N. E. Bauman, and then to the Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute, after which in 1934 he was appointed engineer at the Artillery Research Naval Institute . Since 1937, at the Bolshevik plant in Leningrad (former Obukhovsky): design engineer, head of the operation and experimental works bureau, deputy chief designer, since 1938 director of the plant. In June 1941 - March 1953, People's Commissar, Minister of Armaments of the USSR. During the Great Patriotic War, he achieved a sharp increase in weapons for the needs of the front. Colonel General of the Engineering and Artillery Service (1944). After the death of I. V. Stalin, in March 1953 - December 1957, the Minister of Defense Industry of the USSR (the ministry was created on the basis of the merger of the Ministry of Arms and the Ministry of Aviation Industry). Participated in the organization of rocket science, the development of the latest weapons for the army and navy. Since December 1957, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Chairman of the Commission of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on military-industrial issues. Since March 1963, First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Chairman of the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the USSR. In March 1965 - October 1976 Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In April 1976 - December 1984 Minister of Defense of the USSR. Replaced the suddenly deceased A. A. Grechko. As Minister of Defense, he simultaneously oversaw all the defense industries for four years. Hero of the Soviet Union (1978), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1942, 1961). He was awarded eleven Orders of Lenin, the Order of Suvorov 1st class, the Order of Kutuzov 1st class. Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1982), Stalin Prize (1953), State Prize of the USSR (1983). Hero of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic. He did a lot for the development of the military-industrial complex of the USSR in the postwar years, participated in the creation of defense equipment, nuclear missile weapons and space exploration. He died after returning from joint exercises of the Armed Forces of the countries participating in the Warsaw Pact. He felt a general malaise, there was a slight fever and changes in the lungs. Around the same time and with the same clinical picture, the Ministers of Defense of the GDR, Hungary and Czechoslovakia G. Hoffman (02.12.1984), Olah (15.12.1984) and M. Dzur (16.12.1984) who participated in the maneuvers fell ill and died suddenly. The ashes were buried in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow. Author of the memoirs "Serving the Motherland, the cause of communism" (M., 1982).

Neville Peter

From the book Rasputin. A life. Death. Secret author Kotsiubinsky Alexander Petrovich

Whom to take as ministers Here in this mess, it was still necessary to decide who, where, to which ministry to send? But the wound should take a closer look at the pit. Well, here it is. I returned from

From the book History of Denmark the author Paludan Helge

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From the book A Brief History of England author Jenkins Simon

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From the book England. Country history author Daniel Christopher

Prime Ministers Robert Walpol April 1721 Genery Pelm August 17433graph Wilmingon February 1742 Housing Newcasl March 17544444442 Devunchir November 1756grand Bitsa Grenville April 1765 Graf Chemds (Pitt Senior) July 176666666666666666661

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Henry VIII, his ministers and his wives

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Chapter Fifteen Ministers, Deputies and Marshals of the Nobility In addition to Russian officers of all ranks, the mass emigration that followed the revolution and the Civil War brought many high-ranking civilians to the French Riviera, in particular

From the book History of Canada author Danilov Sergey Yulievich

Prime Ministers of Canada 1867-1873,1878-1891 ... John MacDonald 1873-1878 ... Alexander Mackenzie 1896-1911 ... Wilfred Laurier 1911-1920 ... Robert Borden 1920-1921, 1926 ... Arthur Meighen 1921-1930 (with a break), 1935-1948 ... William King 1948-1957 ... Louis St. Laurent 1957-1963 ... John Diefenbaker 1963-1968 ... Lester Pearson 1968-1984

From the book Behind the Scenes of World War II author Volkov Fedor Dmitrievich

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From the book Daily Life of the British Parliament author McDonald Una

TASS-DOSIER. On May 18, 2018, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev proposed to Russian President Vladimir Putin a list of members of the new government. The head of state agreed with the proposed candidates. The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation will be headed by Sergei Shoigu, who has held this post since 2012.

Since 1991, the Russian Ministry of Defense has been headed by seven leaders. The longest time the post of head of the defense department was held by Sergei Ivanov (2 thousand 150 days; 2001-2007), the shortest tenure was with Konstantin Kobts (19 days; 1991).

Until 1992, the Russian defense departments had no direct subordination of army units; their tasks included mainly issues of coordinating the activities of Russian and allied authorities. On March 16, 1992, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was created on the basis of the USSR Ministry of Defense. The document specified that the functions of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation were temporarily performed by the head of state. Boris Yeltsin held office and. about. Minister of Defense 52 days - from March 16 to May 7, 1992

The editors of TASS-DOSIER have prepared a certificate on the heads of the defense department since 1991.

Konstantin Kobets (1991)

Konstantin Kobets (1939-2012), graduate of the Kyiv Military School of Communications, the Military Academy of Communications and the Military Academy of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces. He passed all the main command and staff positions in the Communications Troops of the USSR Armed Forces. In 1987-1991 - Chief of the Communications Troops - Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces. During the August coup of 1991, he opposed the State Emergency Committee. By decree of the President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin of August 20, 1991, he was appointed Minister of Defense of the RSFSR "until the activities of the constitutional bodies and institutions of state power and administration are restored in full." He held this position for 19 days - until September 9, 1991, after which the post of Minister of Defense of the RSFSR was abolished. State Defense Adviser of the RSFSR (1991-1992), Chief Military Inspector of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (1992-1997), simultaneously since 1993 - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, and since 1995 - Secretary of State - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. In 1997, he was removed from his post, dismissed from the ranks of the Armed Forces and arrested on charges of taking bribes and illegal possession of weapons. In 1998 Konstantin Kobets was released on bail, in 2000 the criminal case was terminated under an amnesty. On December 30, 2012, he died in Moscow. General of the Army (1991).

Pavel Grachev (1992-1996)

Pavel Grachev (1948-2012), graduated from the Ryazan Higher Airborne School, Military Academy. M. V. Frunze and the Military Academy of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces. In 1969-1988. served in various command and staff positions in the Airborne Forces (VDV) of the USSR, in 1981-1983. and 1985-1988 fought in Afghanistan. Since December 1990 - Commander of the Airborne Forces. During the putsch of 1991, he supported the President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin. From August to December 1991, he served as Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR - Chairman of the State Committee of the RSFSR on Defense Issues. Since January 1992 - First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the CIS Armed Forces - Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Defense Issues, since April 1992 - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. From May 1992 to June 1996, he served as Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation in the governments of Boris Yeltsin, Yegor Gaidar and Viktor Chernomyrdin. During the constitutional crisis of 1993, units of the Ministry of Defense, on the orders of Pavel Grachev, took the side of Russian President Boris Yeltsin. In the course of Grachev's work as Minister of Defense, the withdrawal of troops from the countries participating in the Warsaw Pact Organization and the republics of the former USSR to the territory of the Russian Federation was organized, and the reform of the Russian army and navy began. This led to a decrease in the combat readiness of units and subunits, which most clearly manifested itself in 1994-1996. in the course of hostilities against illegal armed formations in the Chechen Republic. After Grachev left the post of minister, the duties of the head of the department from June 18 to 24, 1996 were temporarily performed by the Chief of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces, General of the Army Mikhail Kolesnikov. In 1997-2006 Pavel Grachev worked as an adviser to the general director of the Rosvooruzhenie company. In 2007 he was transferred to the reserve. He died on September 23, 2012 in Krasnogorsk, Moscow Region. General of the Army (1992, the first in the history of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to be awarded this title), Hero of the Soviet Union (1988).

Igor Rodionov (1996-1997)

Igor Rodionov (1936-2014), after graduating from the Orel Armored School. M. V. Frunze served in tank troops in the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, in different years he commanded a motorized rifle regiment, a motorized rifle division of the Carpathian military district, and the 5th combined arms army of the Far Eastern military district. In 1970 he graduated from the Military Academy of Armored Forces. In 1985-1986 commanded the 40th Army of the Turkestan Military District (Limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan). In 1989-1991 - People's Deputy of the USSR. From 1989 to 1996 he served as the head of the Military Academy of the General Staff of the USSR/RF Armed Forces. July 17, 1996 was appointed Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation in the government of Viktor Chernomyrdin. On December 11, 1996, he was dismissed from military service due to age, while retaining the post of head of the military department. On May 22, 1997, Russian President Boris Yeltsin dismissed Igor Rodionov from his post for "slow progress in military reform." In 1999-2007 - Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation III and IV convocations, in 2002-2007. He headed the People's Patriotic Party of Russia. He died on December 19, 2014 in Moscow. General of the Army (1996).

Igor Sergeev (1997-2001)

Igor Sergeev (1938-2006), a graduate of the Black Sea Higher Naval School. P. S. Nakhimov, Military Academy. F. E. Dzerzhinsky and the Military Academy of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces. Doctor of Military Sciences (1994). Since 1960, he served in the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) of the USSR Armed Forces in various positions. In 1989-1992 - Deputy Commander-in-Chief for Combat Training - Head of Combat Training of the Strategic Missile Forces, in 1992-1997. - Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces. On May 22, 1997, during a meeting of the Defense Council of the Russian Federation, President Boris Yeltsin appointed Igor Sergeev and. about. defense minister. The next day, Sergeyev was appointed head of the Ministry of Defense. Participated in the creation of the National Security Concept and the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, in the development of the Plan for the Construction of the Armed Forces for 2001-2005. He advocated the priority of the Strategic Missile Forces in the country's defense system, united the Air Force and Air Defense into a single branch of the armed forces. Since the summer of 1999, he was involved in organizing the repulsion of an attack by militants on Dagestan and the subsequent military campaign (anti-terrorist operation) in Chechnya. On March 28, 2001, he resigned from the post of minister on the same day as Interior Minister Vladimir Rushailo and Atomic Energy Minister Yevgeny Adamov. According to Russian President Vladimir Putin, one of the objectives of the reshuffle was the "demilitarization" of law enforcement agencies. In 2001-2004 Igor Sergeev served in the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation as Assistant to the Head of State for Strategic Stability. In 2002-2004 worked as deputy chairman of the Russian organizing committee "Victory", in 2005-2006. - President of the Club of military leaders of the Russian Federation. Died November 10, 2006 in Moscow. Marshal of the Russian Federation (November 21, 1997) is the only military leader in history to receive this title. Hero of Russia (1999).

Sergey Ivanov (2001-2007)

Sergei Ivanov (b. 1953), graduated from the Faculty of Philology of the Leningrad State University, the Higher Courses of the KGB of the USSR in Minsk and the Institute of the State Security Committee. In the 1970s occupied various positions in the Directorate of the KGB of the USSR for Leningrad and the Leningrad Region, where he met the future President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin. In 1981-1991 served in the system of the First Main Directorate (foreign intelligence) of the KGB of the USSR, in 1991-1998. - in the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation. In 1998-1999 - Deputy Director of the FSB of Russia Vladimir Putin, in 1999-2001 - Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. In 2000 he was dismissed from military service. March 28, 2001 was appointed Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, from November 14, 2005 to February 15, 2007 - Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation - Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. Since February 2007 - First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation (Mikhail Fradkov, Viktor Zubkov). In 2008-2011 - Deputy Government of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin (supervised industry issues), in 2011-2016. headed the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation. Since 2011 - a permanent member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, since 2016 - Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for environmental protection, ecology and transport. In 2006-2011 Chairman of the board of directors of the United Aircraft Corporation. Reserve Colonel General.

Anatoly Serdyukov (2007-2012)

Anatoly Serdyukov (b. 1962), graduate of the accounting and economics department of the Leningrad Institute of Soviet Trade, evening department of the law faculty of St. Petersburg State University. In 1985-1995 worked in the Leningrad organization of furniture trade (Lenmebeltorg, since 1993 - the company "Mebel-Market"). Subsequently, he headed the department of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Taxes and Dues (MNS) for St. Petersburg, then - the department of the Ministry of Taxes of the Russian Federation for Moscow. In March 2004, the Ministry of Taxation was transformed into the Federal Tax Service, Anatoly Serdyukov became the head of this department. February 15, 2007 was appointed Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. During his tenure, the Russian army led a successful campaign to "peace enforce" the Georgian armed forces, which attacked South Ossetia in August 2008. In addition, under Serdyukov, large-scale reforms began in the RF Armed Forces: a change in the organizational and staff structure of the army and the procurement system, a reduction in the number of military personnel, and the launch of a rearmament program. On November 6, 2012, he was dismissed after a high-profile corruption scandal about embezzlement in the Oboronservis company subordinate to the Ministry of Defense. At first, Serdyukov was a witness in a corruption case. In 2013, the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation opened a criminal case against him under Part 1 of Art. 293 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ("negligence"). According to the investigation, the Minister of Defense ordered at the expense of the budget to build a road to the recreation center "Zhitnoye" (Astrakhan region), which belonged to his son-in-law Valery Puzikov. In the spring of 2014, the media reported that Serdyukov was granted an amnesty in connection with the 20th anniversary of the constitution. Member of the Boards of Directors of the Russian Helicopters and Kamaz Concern, Chairman of the Board of Directors of PJSC Ufa Motor-Building Production Association and PJSC Rostvertol. Since September 2016 - Member of the Board of the Rostec State Corporation.

Sergei Shoigu (2012 - present)

Sergei Shoigu (born 1955), graduate of the Krasnoyarsk Polytechnic Institute with a degree in civil engineering. He worked in the construction industry in leadership positions, in 1988 he switched to party work. He was the second secretary of the Abakan city committee of the CPSU, the inspector of the Krasnoyarsk regional committee of the CPSU. In 1990-1991 - Head of the RSFSR State Committee for Architecture and Construction. In 1991, he headed the Russian Rescue Corps, in 1991-1994 - Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Emergency Situations, in 1994-2012. - Head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. At the same time, in 2000, he was Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin. From May to November 2012 - Governor of the Moscow Region. From November 6, 2012 - Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. Continued large-scale reform of the army. During the service of Sergei Shoigu at the head of the military department, the Russian armed forces ensured security during the reunification of Crimea with Russia, helped the Syrian authorities regain control over large areas of this country that were seized by terrorist organizations. Member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation since 1994, since 2012 - a permanent member of the Security Council. One of the leaders of the United Russia party. President of the Russian Geographical Society. General of the Army (2003). Hero of Russia (1999).

After the victory that our people won in the Great Patriotic War, the leadership of the Soviet Union developed a number of measures to transfer the country to a peaceful course. They were necessary to ensure the restoration of the national economy, destroyed by the war, and the conversion of the industry of production. In addition, a reform of public administration bodies was also carried out. The people's commissariats became ministries, respectively, the positions of the USSR appeared, the list of which is given below, for the most part they went through the crucible of the last war in command positions and had extensive combat experience.

First Minister of Defense of the USSR

... Brezhnev ...

After the death of Malinovsky, Marshal of the Soviet Union Grechko A.A. took over his post. Prior to this appointment, he commanded the combined armed forces of the Warsaw Pact countries. Andrei Antonovich met the war while working at the front, however, since July. He went from division commander to army commander. The next, after Andrei Antonovich, the Minister of Defense of the USSR is Ustinov D.F., who replaced him after his death in 1976. It should be noted that Ustinov D.F. during the war waged by the heroic Soviet people against Nazi Germany and its allies, he headed the People's Commissariat for Armaments. Before him, all the ministers of defense of the USSR were participants in hostilities during the war years. However, Dmitry Fedorovich still had combat experience. Even in civilian life, he fought with the Basmachi in Central Asia. According to the already established "tradition" in this position, Ustinov arrived until his death on December 20, 1984 and survived both Brezhnev L.I. and Andropov Yu.V.

… perestroika

He did not break the tradition, according to which the Minister of Defense of the USSR had combat experience and appointed S.L. Sokolov to this post. Sergei Leonidovich during the war went from the post of chief of staff of a tank regiment to the commander of the armored forces of the thirty-second army. In 1985, Gorbachev came to power, who began to actively replace the old proven cadres with his own people in the highest government posts. Therefore, in 1987, D.T. was appointed to the post of Minister of Defense. Yazov, who remained until August 1991. At the age of seventeen, he volunteered for the front, and ended the war as a platoon commander. Dmitry Timofeevich was not forgiven for trying to remain faithful to the military oath and save the Soviet Union, he was removed from his post and arrested. Air Marshal E.I. Shaposhnikov was appointed to the vacant seat. did not fight a single day. He was the last to hold this post and actively participated in the destruction of his country.

Russian Defense Ministers

Both the USSR and independent Russia were and are perceived by Western politicians as a geopolitical adversary. Therefore, a principled and honest military man, who is not indifferent to the fate of his country, should always occupy the post of Minister of Defense. These criteria were not always met by some Russian officials who held this position at different times. You can give an example of P.S. Grachev or A.E. Serdyukov. However, the current minister, S.K. Shoigu - so far fully justifies the hopes placed on him by the people of Russia.