Poet Zabolotsky Nikolai Alekseevich was born on April 24 (May 7), 1903 near Kazan in the family of an agronomist and a teacher. He spent his childhood in the Kizichesky Sloboda near Kazan. Zabolotsky's literary talent manifested itself at an early age. In the third grade of school, he made a handwritten journal in which he posted his poems.

In 1913, Zabolotsky entered a real school in Urzhum. The poet is fond of chemistry, history, drawing, discovers Blok's work.

In 1920, Zablotsky entered the medical faculty of Moscow University. However, six months later, he drops out of school and returns home. Soon he moved to Petrograd and entered the Herzen Pedagogical Institute in the department of language and literature. In 1925 he graduated from high school.

Creative activity

In 1926 - 1927, Nikolai Alekseevich served on conscription in Leningrad, was a member of the editorial board of the military wall newspaper. It was at this time that Zabolotsky was able to hone his own, unique poetic style.

A brief biography of Zabolotsky would be incomplete without mentioning that in 1927, together with other writers, he founded the Association of Real Art (OBERIU), which included D. Kharms, A. Vvedensky, I. Bakhterev. In the same year, Nikolai Alekseevich got a job in the children's book department of the OGIZ in Leningrad.

In 1929, the first collection of the poet was published - "Columns", which caused a mixed reaction from critics. In 1933, the poem "The Triumph of Agriculture" was published, in which the author touched on many philosophical and moral issues. Soon Zabolotsky began working in the children's magazines "Chizh" and "Ezh". In 1937, his collection The Second Book was published.

Conclusion. Return to Moscow

In 1938, Nikolai Zabolotsky, whose biography had previously not included problems with the law, was arrested, accused of anti-Soviet propaganda. Until 1943, the poet was in camps, first near Komsomolsk-on-Amur, then in Altaylag. Since 1944, Zabolotsky lived in Karaganda, where he completed work on the arrangement of The Tale of Igor's Campaign.

In 1946, Nikolai Alekseevich was allowed to return to Moscow. In the same year he was reinstated in the Writers' Union. Soon the poet translated Rustaveli's poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin". In 1948, the third collection of Zabolotsky's "Poems" was published.

Last years

Since 1949, Zabolotsky, fearing the reaction of the authorities, practically did not write. Only with the beginning of the "Khrushchev thaw" did the poet return to active literary activity. In 1957, the most complete collection of Zabolotsky's works was published.

The first heart attack in 1955 undermined the health of the poet. On October 14, 1958, Nikolai Alekseevich died of a second heart attack. The poet was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

Other biography options

• In the work of Zabolotsky, the 40s were a turning point - the poet moved from avant-garde works to classical philosophical poems.
• Nikolai Alekseevich is the largest translator of Georgian poets - Sh. Rustaveli, D. Guramishvili, V. Pshavela, Gr. Orbeliani, A. Tsereteli, I. Chavchavadze. Zabolotsky also translated the works of the Italian poet U. Saba, processed for children the translation of the book by F. Rabelais "Gargantua and Pantagruel", etc.
• In 1930, Zabolotsky married Ekaterina Vasilievna Klykova, a graduate of the St. Petersburg Pedagogical Institute. They had two children.
• Zabolotsky was indelibly impressed by the works of Tsiolkovsky, revealing the idea of ​​a variety of life forms in the Universe. In addition, Nikolai Alekseevich was fond of the works of A. Einstein, F. Engels, K. Timiryazev, G. Skovoroda, Yu. Filipchenko, V. Vernandsky, N. Fedorov.

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Zabolotsky Nikolai Alekseevich
Born: April 24 (May 7), 1903.
Died: October 14, 1958 (aged 55).

Biography

Nikolai Alekseevich Zabolotsky (Zabolotsky) (April 24, 1903, Kizicheskaya Sloboda, Kaimarsky volost of the Kazan district of the Kazan province - October 14, 1958, Moscow) - Russian Soviet poet, translator.

Born not far from Kazan - on a farm of the Kazan provincial zemstvo, located in the immediate vicinity of the Kizichesky settlement, where his father Alexei Agafonovich Zabolotsky (1864-1929) - an agronomist - worked as a manager, and his mother Lidia Andreevna (nee Dyakonova) (1882 (?) - 1926) - a rural teacher. Baptized on April 25 (May 8), 1903 in the Varvara Church in Kazan. He spent his childhood in the Kizicheskaya settlement near Kazan and in the village of Sernur, Urzhum district, Vyatka province (now the Republic of Mari El). In the third grade of a rural school, Nikolai "published" his handwritten journal and placed his own poems there. From 1913 to 1920 he lived in Urzhum, where he studied at a real school, was fond of history, chemistry, and drawing.

In the early poems of the poet, the memories and experiences of a boy from the village, organically connected with peasant labor and native nature, were mixed, impressions of student life and colorful book influences, including the dominant pre-revolutionary poetry - symbolism, acmeism: at that time Zabolotsky singled out for himself the work of Blok.

In 1920, after graduating from a real school in Urzhum, he came to Moscow and entered the medical and historical-philological faculties of the university. Very soon, however, he ended up in Petrograd, where he studied at the Department of Language and Literature of the Herzen Pedagogical Institute, which he graduated in 1925, having, by his own definition, "a voluminous notebook of bad poems." The following year, he was called up for military service.

He served in Leningrad, on the Vyborg side, and already in 1927 he retired to the reserve. Despite the short-term and almost optional military service, the collision with the “turned inside out” world of the barracks played the role of a kind of creative catalyst in the fate of Zabolotsky: it was in 1926-1927 that he wrote the first real poetic works, found his own voice, unlike anyone else , at the same time he participated in the creation of the OBERIU literary group. At the end of his service, he got a place in the children's book department of the Leningrad OGIZ, which was led by S. Marshak.

Zabolotsky was fond of painting Filonova , Chagall , Brueghel. The ability to see the world through the eyes of an artist remained with the poet for life.

After leaving the army, the poet found himself in the situation of the last years of the NEP, the satirical image of which became the theme of the poems of the early period, which made up his first poetic book - "Columns". In 1929, she was published in Leningrad and immediately caused a literary scandal and mocking reviews in the press. Rated as a "hostile sortie", she, however, did not cause direct "organizational conclusions" - orders in relation to the author, and he (with the help of Nikolai Tikhonov) managed to establish special relations with the Zvezda magazine, where about ten poems were published that replenished Stolbtsy during second (unpublished) edition of the collection.

Zabolotsky managed to create surprisingly multidimensional poems - and their first dimension, which is immediately noticeable, is a sharp grotesque and satire on the topic of petty-bourgeois life and everyday life, dissolving personality in themselves. Another facet of the "Columns", their aesthetic perception, requires some special readiness of the reader, because for those who know, Zabolotsky wove another artistic and intellectual fabric, a parody. In his early lyrics, the very function of parody changes, its satirical and polemical components disappear, and it loses its role as a weapon of intra-literary struggle.

In "Disciplina Clericalis" (1926) there is a parody of Balmont's tautological grandiosity, culminating in Zoshchenko's intonations; in the poem "On the Stairs" (1928), through the kitchen, already Zoshchenko's world, "Waltz" by Vladimir Benediktov suddenly appears; The Ivanovs (1928) reveals its parody-literary meaning, evoking (hereinafter in the text) the key images of Dostoevsky with his Sonechka Marmeladova and her old man; lines from the poem "The Traveling Musicians" (1928) refer to Pasternak etc.

The basis of Zabolotsky's philosophical searches

From the poem "The signs of the zodiac fade" begins the mystery of the birth of the main theme, the "nerve" of Zabolotsky's creative searches - the Tragedy of Reason sounds for the first time. The "nerve" of these searches in the future will force its owner to devote much more lines to philosophical lyrics. Through all his poems, the path of the most intense implantation of individual consciousness into the mysterious world of being, which is immeasurably wider and richer than the rational constructions created by people, runs. On this path, the poet-philosopher undergoes a significant evolution, during which 3 dialectical stages can be distinguished: 1926-1933; 1932-1945 and 1946-1958

Zabolotsky read a lot and with enthusiasm: not only after the publication of Stolbtsy, but also before, he read the works of Engels, Grigory Skovoroda, the works of Kliment Timiryazev on plants, Yuri Filipchenko on the evolutionary idea in biology, Vernadsky on bio- and noospheres, covering all living things and the intelligent on the planet and extolling both as great transformative powers; read Einstein's theory of relativity, which gained wide popularity in the 1920s; "Philosophy of the Common Cause" by Nikolai Fedorov.

By the publication of The Columns, their author already had his own concept of natural philosophy. It was based on the idea of ​​the universe as a single system that unites living and non-living forms of matter, which are in eternal interaction and mutual transformation. The development of this complex organism of nature occurs from primitive chaos to the harmonic orderliness of all its elements, and the main role here is played by the consciousness inherent in nature, which, in the words of the same Timiryazev, “smolders dully in lower beings and only flashes like a bright spark in the human mind.” Therefore, it is Man who is called upon to take care of the transformation of nature, but in his activity he must see in nature not only a student, but also a teacher, for this imperfect and suffering "eternal winepress" contains the wonderful world of the future and those wise laws by which man should be guided.

In 1931, Zabolotsky got acquainted with the works of Tsiolkovsky, which made an indelible impression on him. Tsiolkovsky defended the idea of ​​a variety of life forms in the Universe, was the first theorist and propagandist of human space exploration. In a letter to him, Zabolotsky wrote: “... Your thoughts about the future of the Earth, humanity, animals and plants deeply concern me, and they are very close to me. In my unpublished poems and poems, I did my best to resolve them.

Further creative path

Collection "Poems. 1926-1932", already typed in the printing house, was not signed for printing. The publication of the new poem "The Triumph of Agriculture", written to some extent under the influence of "Ladomir" by Velimir Khlebnikov (1933), caused a new wave of persecution of Zabolotsky. Threatening political accusations in critical articles convinced the poet more and more that he would not be allowed to establish himself in poetry with his own, original direction. This gave rise to his disappointment and creative decline in the second half of 1933, 1934, 1935. This is where the life principle of the poet came in handy: “We must work and fight for ourselves. How many failures are yet to come, how many disappointments and doubts! But if at such moments a person hesitates, his song is sung. Faith and perseverance. Labor and honesty…” And Nikolay Alekseevich continued to work. Livelihood was provided by work in children's literature - in the 30s he collaborated with the magazines "Hedgehog" and "Chizh", which were supervised by Samuil Marshak, wrote poetry and prose for children (including retold for children "Gargantua and Pantagruel" by Francois Rabelais (1936))

Gradually, the position of Zabolotsky in the literary circles of Leningrad was strengthened. Many poems from this period received favorable reviews, and in 1937 his book was published, including seventeen poems ("Second Book"). On Zabolotsky's desktop lay the begun poetic transcription of the Old Russian poem "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" and his own poem "The Siege of Kozelsk", poems and translations from Georgian. But the ensuing prosperity was deceptive.

In custody

On March 19, 1938, Zabolotsky was arrested and then convicted in the case of anti-Soviet propaganda. As accusatory material in his case, malicious critical articles and a slanderous review "review" appeared, which tendentiously distorted the essence and ideological orientation of his work. He was saved from the death penalty by the fact that, despite being tortured [source not specified for 115 days] during interrogations, he did not admit charges of creating a counter-revolutionary organization, which supposedly included Nikolai Tikhonov, Boris Kornilov and others. At the request of the NKVD, critic Nikolai Lesyuchevsky wrote a review of Zabolotsky's poetry, where he pointed out that ""creativity" Zabolotsky is an active counter-revolutionary struggle against the Soviet system, against the Soviet people, against socialism.

“The first days they didn’t beat me, trying to decompose mentally and physically. I was not given food. They were not allowed to sleep. Investigators succeeded each other, but I sat motionless in a chair in front of the investigator's table - day after day. Behind the wall, in the next office, from time to time someone's frantic screams were heard. My legs began to swell, and on the third day I had to tear off my shoes, as I could not bear the pain in my feet. Consciousness began to become clouded, and I strained with all my might in order to answer reasonably and prevent any injustice against those people about whom I was asked ... "These are Zabolotsky's lines from the memoirs" The History of My Imprisonment "(published abroad in English in 1981, in the last years of Soviet power were also published in the USSR, in 1988).

He served his term from February 1939 to May 1943 in the Vostoklag system in the Komsomolsk-on-Amur region; then in the Altaylaga system in the Kulunda steppes; A partial idea of ​​his camp life is given by the selection “One Hundred Letters 1938-1944” prepared by him - excerpts from letters to his wife and children.

Since March 1944, after being released from the camp, he lived in Karaganda. There he completed the arrangement of The Tale of Igor's Campaign (begun in 1937), which became the best among the experiments of many Russian poets. This helped in 1946 to obtain permission to live in Moscow. He rented a house in the writer's village of Peredelkino from V.P. Ilyenkov.

In 1946, N. A. Zabolotsky was reinstated in the Writers' Union. A new, Moscow period of his work began. Despite the blows of fate, he managed to return to unfulfilled plans.

Moscow period

The period of return to poetry was not only joyful, but also difficult. In the poems “Blind” and “Thunderstorm” written then, the theme of creativity and inspiration sounds. Most of the poems from 1946-1948 have been praised by today's literary historians. It was during this period that "In this birch grove" was written. Outwardly built on a simple and expressive contrast of a picture of a peaceful birch grove, singing orioles-life and universal death, it carries sadness, an echo of the experienced, a hint of personal fate and a tragic foreboding of common troubles. In 1948, the poet's third collection of poems was published.

In 1949-1952, the years of extreme tightening of ideological oppression, the creative upsurge that manifested itself in the first years after the return was replaced by a creative decline and an almost complete switch to literary translations. Fearing that his words would again be used against him, Zabolotsky restrained himself and did not write. The situation changed only after the 20th Congress of the CPSU, with the beginning of the Khrushchev thaw, which marked the weakening of ideological censorship in literature and art.

He responded to new trends in the life of the country with the poems “Somewhere in a field near Magadan”, “Opposition of Mars”, “Kazbek”. Over the last three years of his life, Zabolotsky created about half of all the works of the Moscow period. Some of them have appeared in print. In 1957, the fourth, most complete of his lifetime collection of poems was published.

The cycle of lyrical poems "Last Love" was published in 1957, "the only one in Zabolotsky's work, one of the most poignant and painful in Russian poetry." It is in this collection that the poem “Confession” is placed, dedicated to N. A. Roskina, later revised by the St. Petersburg bard Alexander Lobanovsky (Enchanted bewitched / Once married with the wind in the field / All of you are chained / You are my precious woman ...).

Family of N. A. Zabolotsky

In 1930, Zabolotsky married Ekaterina Vasilievna Klykova (1906-1997). E. V. Klykova experienced a short-term romance (1955-1958) with the writer Vasily Grossman, left Zabolotsky, but then returned.

Son - Nikita Nikolaevich Zabolotsky (1932-2014), candidate of biological sciences, author of biographical and memoir works about his father, compiler of several collections of his works. Daughter - Natalia Nikolaevna Zabolotskaya (born 1937), since 1962 the wife of the virologist Nikolai Veniaminovich Kaverin (1933-2014), academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, son of the writer Veniamin Kaverin.

Death

Although before his death the poet managed to receive both wide readership and material wealth, this could not compensate for the weakness of his health, undermined by prison and camp. According to N. Chukovsky, who knew Zabolotsky closely, the final, fatal role was played by family problems (the departure of his wife, her return). In 1955, Zabolotsky had his first heart attack, in 1958 - the second, and on October 14, 1958 he died.

The poet was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Bibliography

Columns / Region M. Kirnarsky. - L .: Publishing house of writers in Leningrad, 1929. - 72 p. - 1,200 copies.
Mysterious city. - M.-L.: GIZ, 1931 (under the pseudonym Y. Miller)
Second book: Poems / Per. and the title of S. M. Pozharsky. - L .: Goslitizdat, 1937. - 48 p., 5,300 copies.
Poems / Ed. A. Tarasenkov; thin V. Reznikov. - M.: Sov. writer, 1948. - 92 p. - 7,000 copies.
Poems. - M.: Goslitizdat, 1957. - 200 p., 25,000 copies.
Poems. - M.: Goslitizdat, 1959. - 200 p., 10,000 copies. - (B-ka of Soviet poetry).
Favorites. - M.: Sov. writer, 1960. - 240 p., 10,000 copies.
Poems / Edited by Gleb Struve and B. A. Filippov. Introductory articles by Alexis Rannita, Boris Filippov and Emmanuel Rice. Washington, D.C.; New York: Inter-Language Literary Associates, 1965.
Poems and poems. - M.; L.: Soviet writer, 1965. - 504 p., 25,000 copies. (B-ka poet. Large series).
Poems. - M.: Fiction, 1967
Favorites. - M.: Children's literature, 1970
Snake apple. - L .: Children's literature, 1972
Selected works: In 2 volumes - M .: Khudozh. literature, 1972.
Favorites. - Kemerovo, 1974
Favorites. - Ufa, 1975
Poems and poems. - M.: Sovremennik, 1981
Poems. - Gorky, 1983
Collected works: In 3 volumes - M., Khudozh. literature, 1983-1984., 50,000 copies.
Poems. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1985
Poems and poems. - M.: Pravda, 1985
Poems and poems. - Yoshkar-Ola, 1985
Poems. Poems. - Perm, 1986
Poems and poems. - Sverdlovsk, 1986
Laboratory of Spring: Poems (1926-1937) / Engravings by Yu. Kosmynin. - M.: Young Guard, 1987. - 175 p. - 100,000 copies. (In younger years).
How mice fought with a cat / Fig. S. F. Bobylev. - Stavropol: Stavropol Prince. publishing house, 1988. - 12 p.
Cranes / Art. V. Yurlov. - M.: Sov. Russia, 1989. - 16 p.
Poems. Poems. - Tula, 1989
Columns and poems: Poems / Design by B. Tremetsky. - M.: Arts. literature, 1989. - 352 p., 1,000,000 copies. - (Classics and contemporaries: Poetic library).
Columns: Poems. Poems. - L.: Lenizdat, 1990. - 366 p., 50,000 copies.
Selected writings. Poems, poems, prose and letters of the poet / Comp., enter. article, note. N. N. Zabolotsky. - M.: Arts. literature, 1991. - 431 p. - 100,000 copies. (B-ka classics).
History of my imprisonment. - M.: Pravda, 1991. - 47 p., 90,000 copies. - (B-ka "Spark"; No. 18).
How mice fought with a cat: Poems / Hood. N. Shevarev. - M.: Malysh, 1992. - 12 p.
Columns. - St. Petersburg, North-West, 1993
Fire flickering in a vessel…: Poems and poems. Letters and articles. Biography. Memoirs of contemporaries. Analysis of creativity. - M. Pedagogy-Press, 1995. - 944 p.
Columns and poems. - M.: Russian book, 1996
Signs of the Zodiac fade: Poems. Poems. Prose. - M.: Eksmo-Press, 1998. - 480 p. - (Home Library of Poetry).
Poetic translations: In 3 volumes - M .: Terra-Book Club, 2004. - V. 1: Georgian classical poetry. - 448 p.; Vol. 2: Georgian Classical Poetry. - 464 pages; T. 3: Slavic epic. Georgian folk poetry. Georgian poetry of the XX century. European poetry. Eastern poetry. - 384 p. - (Masters of translation).
Poems. - M.: Progress-Pleyada, 2004. - 355 p.
Do not let the soul be lazy: Poems and poems. - M.: Eksmo, 2007. - 384 p. - (Golden Poetry Series).
Lyrics. - M.: AST, 2008. - 428 p.
Poems about love. - M. Eksmo, 2008. - 192 p. - (Poems about love).
I was brought up by harsh nature. - M.: Eksmo, 2008. - 558 p.
Poems and poems. - M.: De Agostini, 2014. - (Masterpieces of world literature in miniature).

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"Sosnovoborsk city public library"

Leningrad region, Sosnovy Bor

Scenario

The life and work of Nikolai Zabolotsky

Sosnovy Bor

2013

"The fire flickering in the vessel..."
The life and work of Nikolai Zabolotsky
(Literary and musical microphone)

HOST(1) : Today's our Literary and Musical Microphone is dedicated to the memory of Nikolai Alekseevich Zabolotsky.

Country Poetry ... One of its faithful servants is a Russian poet
Nikolay Alekseevich Zabolotsky.
One wise man said something like this: "God forbid you live in an era of change ...". Why - because a person, like a chip, carries and throws, destroys and ruffles life, given as a pledge of time and inconstancy of power.
In order to understand and appreciate the poems of any poet, it is important to know what kind of person he was, what were his interests and innermost thoughts, when the poem was written, what was happening in the surrounding world and in the life of the author at that time ...
The life of Nikolai Zabolotsky is divided by fate itself into more or less clearly delineated 7 periods. His literary heritage is relatively small - it includes a volume of poems and poems, several volumes of poetic translations, works for children, a few articles and notes on literature - however, this is the legacy of a classic of Russian poetry and an interesting poet of the 20th century ..

So, I invite you on a journey through the waves of memory of the twentieth century about the wonderful poet Nikolai Alekseevich Zabolotsky.

MASTER(2 ): Departing Africa in April
To the shores of the fatherland,
Flying in a long triangle
Drowning in the sky, cranes.
Stretching out silver wings
across the wide sky,
Led the leader to the valley of abundance
Your few people.
But when under the wings flashed
Lake transparent through
Black gaping muzzle
It rose from the bushes.

A ray of fire hit the bird's heart,
A quick flame flared up and went out,
And a particle of wondrous greatness
It fell on us from above.
Two wings, like two huge sorrows,
Embraced the cold wave
And, echoing a sorrowful sob,
Cranes rushed to the sky

.
Only where the lights move
In atonement for your own evil
Nature has given them back
What death took with it:
Proud spirit, high aspiration,
Will unbending to fight -
Everything from the past generation
Passes, youth, to you.
And the leader in a shirt made of metal
Slowly sinking to the bottom
And the dawn formed over him
Golden glow spot.

Host (1)

I was the first child in the family and was born on April 24, 1903.
near Kazan, on a farm where his father served as an agronomist (besides Nikolai, 6 more children were born in the family, 1 died at an early age). Later we moved to the village of Sernur, Urzhum district.
Surprising places were in this Sernur: the estate of a rich priest, a majestic huge garden, ponds overgrown with willows, endless meadows and groves. I heard plenty of nightingales there, I saw enough sunsets and all the delights of the plant world. The wonderful nature of Sernur has never died in my soul and is reflected in many of my poems.

Host (2)

Poem "Autumn Signs" excerpt

Autumn architecture. Location in it
Air space, groves, rivers,
Location of animals and people
When rings fly through the air
And curls of leaves, and a special light, -
Here is what we choose among other signs.
Beetle house between the leaves slightly opened
And, putting out his horns, he looks out,
The beetle of different roots dug itself
And puts it in a pile
Then he blows his little horn
And again he disappeared into the leaves, like a god.
But here comes the wind. All that was pure
Spatial, luminous, dry, -
Everything became sharp, unpleasant, hazy,
Indistinguishable. The wind drives the smoke
Rotates the air, leaves heaps
And the top of the earth explodes with gunpowder.
And all nature begins to freeze.
Maple leaf like copper
Ringing, hitting a small knot.
And we must understand that this is a badge,
which nature sends us
To go to another time of the year.

Host (1)

: From childhood, Zabolotsky made unforgettable impressions of
Vyatka nature and from the activities of his father, a love of books and an early conscious vocation to devote his life to poetry.
In 1920, he left his parental home and went first to Moscow, and the next year to Petrograd, where he entered the Department of Language and Literature of the A. I. Herzen Pedagogical Institute. Hunger, unsettled life and sometimes painful search for his own poetic voice accompanied Zabolotsky's student years. He enthusiastically read Blok, Mandelstam, Akhmatova, Gumilyov, Yesenin, but soon realized that his path did not coincide with the path of these poets. Closer to his search were the Russian poets Derzhavin, Baratynsky, Fedor Tyutchev, from his contemporaries - Velimir Khlebnikov.

): In 1925 he graduated from the institute. 1926 - 1927 - service in the army. And during this period, Zabolotsky, a poet, begins to be born. There are few examples in the history of poetry of such a bold and conscious self-change, of continuous self-renewal, of such an amazing art of stepping over oneself.

Nikolai Zabolotsky is one person, but two poets. Petersburg ironic avant-garde artist of the 1920s and Moscow neoclassicist of the 1950s. The stages of creativity of one person are so emotionally different that it is even interesting and great to find those spiritual threads that bind his image together.

Usually at first you recognize the late, calm Zabolotsky. It is clearer... And then, when you take up a collection of poems by this poet, a strange impression arises. It begins to seem that the early modernist Zabolotsky, as it were, yearns ... for his later self. Through the sparkling, originality, even through the humorous enthusiasm of his young poems, a certain dream already shines through. The dream is great and incredibly simple. This is hope, aspiration and simply expectation of earthly human harmony.

It would seem unsurprising: who has not dreamed about this at least once? But after all, here a young man in very pretentious revolutionary years (in the language of that time, “a fighter on the literary front”, “at the forefront of the struggle against the world of philistinism”) is drawn with his soul to quiet and kind orderliness. And although he creates passionate, mischievous poems, and although later he himself writes: “I am not looking for harmony in nature,” but in the depths of his soul he clearly sees the ideal in the universal harmony of people with people and with nature. Preparing for the feast, not afraid of the plague, already obvious and widespread. And he carries this marvelous gravity through his whole life, five and a half decades, of which more than half fell on the Stalin years.

Years of camps will overtake him. Friends and acquaintances will disappear first. But it is precisely in this menacing atmosphere of the 1930s that Zabolotsky's poetry rises to Pushkin's purity and austerity.

On March 19, 1938, N.A. Zabolotsky was arrested and cut off from literature, from his family, from a free human existence for a long time. The accusatory material in his case featured malicious critical articles and a slanderous review “review”. He was saved from the death penalty by the fact that, despite the most difficult physical tests during interrogations, he did not admit the charges of creating a counter-revolutionary organization, which supposedly included N. Tikhonov, B. Kornilov.

Host (2)
“The first days they didn’t beat me, trying to decompose mentally and physically. I was not given food. They were not allowed to sleep. Investigators succeeded each other, but I sat motionless in a chair in front of the investigator's table - day after day. Behind the wall, in the next office, from time to time someone's frantic screams were heard. My legs began to swell, and on the third day I had to tear off my shoes, as I could not bear the pain in my feet. Consciousness began to become clouded, and I strained all my strength in order to answer reasonably and prevent any injustice against those people about whom I was asked ... ”These are lines from the essay by N. Zabolotsky“ The History of My Imprisonment ”.

Host (1)

After his arrest, he did not break down, he survived, he survived, he wrote an excellent translation in prison " Words about Igor's regiment ", kneeling in front of the bunks.
Until 1944, Zabolotsky was serving an undeserved sentence in labor camps in the Far East and Altai Territory. From spring to the end of 1945 he lived with his family in Karaganda.
Song "Somewhere in a field near Magadan"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pP8ga59H9D8 - (3min55s).

Only 2 poems were written by him during the years of the camps "Forest Lake", "Morning"

Lead (2).

Poem "Forest Lake"

Again it flashed to me, shackled by sleep,
Crystal bowl in the darkness of the forest.
Through the battles of the trees and the battles of the wolves,
Where insects drink juice from a plant,
Where stems rage and flowers groan,
Where predatory creatures are ruled by nature,
I made my way to you and froze at the entrance,
Parting the dry bushes with your hands.
In a crown of water lilies, in a dressing of sedges,
In a dry necklace of vegetable pipes
A piece of chaste moisture lay,
A refuge for fish and a haven for ducks.
But it is strange how quiet and important it is all around!
Why such greatness in the slums?
Why does not the horde of birds rage,
But sleeps, lulled by a sweet dream?
Only one sandpiper resents fate
And it blows pointlessly into the tune of the plants.
And the lake in the quiet evening fire
Lies in the depths, still shining,
And the pines, like candles, stand in the sky,
Closing in rows from edge to edge.
Bottomless bowl of clear water
She shone and thought with a separate thought,
So the eye of the sick in boundless anguish
At the first glow of the evening star,
No longer sympathizing with the sick body,
It burns, aspiring to the night sky.
And crowds of animals and wild beasts,
Pushing horned faces through the trees,
To the source of truth, to your font
They bowed down to drink the life-giving water.

Lead (1).

In 1946, N. A. Zabolotsky was reinstated in the Writers' Union and received permission to live in the capital. A new, Moscow period of his work began. Despite all the blows of fate, he managed to maintain internal integrity and remained faithful to the cause of his life - as soon as the opportunity arose, he returned to unfulfilled literary plans. Back in 1945, in Karaganda, working as a draftsman in the construction department, during non-working hours, Nikolai Alekseevich basically completed the arrangement of The Tale of Igor's Campaign, and in Moscow resumed work on the translation of Georgian poetry.

The period of return to poetry was not only joyful, but also difficult. There were happy moments of inspiration, there were doubts, and sometimes a feeling of impotence to express that much that had accumulated in thoughts and was looking for a way to the poetic word.

Presenter(1)

A third of what Zabolotsky created is connected with reflections on nature. The poet does not have purely landscape poems. Nature for him is the beginning of all beginnings, an object of poetic research, a complex and contradictory world full of mysteries, mysteries and drama, a source of thoughts about life, about himself, about a person.

Merging with nature is the main idea in the theme of nature in Zabolotsky.

In 1946, thanks to the intercession of Fadeev, Zabolotsky returned from exile. The suffering of seven long camp and exile years was finally over. There was only a roof over their heads. The writer V.P. Ilyenkov, a man of a brave and generous character, kindly provided the Zabolotskys with his dacha in Peredelkino. Nikolai Chukovsky recalls: "a birch grove of inexplicable charm, full of birds, approached the very dacha of Ilyenkov." The poet will write about this birch grove twice in 1946:

Presenter(2)

Give me, starling, a corner,

Set me up in an old birdhouse.

I pledge my soul to you

For your blue snowdrops.

And the spring whistles and mutters.

Poplars are flooded knee-deep.

Maples wake up from sleep,

So that, like butterflies, the leaves clapped.

And such a mess in the fields,

And such a stream of nonsense,

What to try, leaving the attic,

Do not rush headlong into the grove!

Serenade, starling!

Through the timpani and tambourines of history

You are our first spring singer

From the birch conservatory.

Open the show, whistler!

Tilt your pink head back

Breaking the glow of the strings

In the very throat of a birch grove.

I myself would try much,

Yes, the wanderer butterfly whispered to me:

“Who is loud in the spring,

And spring is good, good!

It covered the whole soul with lilacs.

Raise the birdhouse, soul,

Above your spring gardens.

Sit on a high pole

Blazing in the sky with delight,

Cleave a cobweb to a star

Together with bird tongue twisters.

Turn to face the universe

Honoring blue snowdrops,

With the unconscious starling

Traveling through spring fields.

And the second. Outwardly built on a simple and very expressive contrast of a picture of a peaceful birch grove, singing orioles-life and universal death, it carries a poignant sadness, an echo of the experience, a hint of personal fate and a tragic premonition of “white whirlwinds”, common troubles.

In this birch grove,
Far from suffering and troubles,
Where pink fluctuates
unblinking morning light
Where a transparent avalanche
Leaves are pouring from high branches, -
Sing to me, oriole, a desert song,
The song of my life.
("In this birch grove") .

This poem became a song in the movie "We'll Live Until Monday".

In this birch grovehttp://video.yandex.ru/users/igormigolatiev/view/9/# (2min.45s).

Lead (1).

During a long poetic life, Zabolotsky did not write a single intimate poem, and therefore the cycle "Last Love" unexpectedly burned the reader with hopeless sadness, the pain of parting with love, which brought such painful doubts. This cycle written at the end of the poet's life (05/07/1903 - 10/14/1958) - these are the first poems of Nikolai Zabolotsky about love, not about abstract love, not about love as such, in people's lives, not sketches from other people's destinies - but their own, personal, lived by the heart. complications in the personal life of the poet.

Host (2)

In 2000, the poet's son, Nikita Zabolotsky, in an interview with the Trud newspaper, revealed the secret of this cycle, answering a journalist's question:

“E. Konstantinova: Restrained, according to eyewitnesses, in everyday life, Zabolotsky remained the same in poetry. But in the “Last Love” cycle, feelings splash out without looking back ...

Nikita Zabolotsky: - In the autumn of 1956, a tragic discord occurred in the Zabolotsky family, the main reason for which was Vasily Grossman, the author of the famous novel “Life and Fate”. Having settled in neighboring buildings on Begovaya Street, the Zabolotskys and Grossmans quickly became close at home: their wives and children were friends, the poet and prose writer were interested in talking. True, the relationship between these too different personalities was not easy. Conversations with Grossman, venomously ironic, sharp, each time turned to the subject that irritated Zabolotsky's old spiritual wounds, violated the hard-to-establish internal balance necessary for him to work. Ekaterina Vasilievna, who, like no one else, understood the state of her husband, nevertheless could not remain indifferent to the power of mind, talent, masculine charm of Grossman .. One cannot convey his surprise, resentment and grief, ”recalls the poet’s friend Nikolai Korneevich Chukovsky. “He knew all the things she could do, and suddenly, at forty-nine, she did something completely unforeseen by him. Left alone, in anguish and unhappiness, Zabolotsky did not complain to anyone. He continued to work as hard and systematically on translations as always, he carefully cared for the children. He expressed all his torment only in verse, perhaps the most beautiful of all that he wrote in his entire life. He yearned for Katerina Vasilievna and from the very beginning was painfully worried about her. He thought they were both to blame, which meant he blamed himself. I thought about her constantly, saw her everywhere. He did not make any attempts to return her, but the sharpness of his longing and tenderness did not pass.

http://video.yandex.ru/users/lar2932/view/79/# - Enchanted, bewitched ... 3 m.45 sec.

Lead (1).

In early February 1957, they parted. Zabolotsky plunged into work. And after talking with Ekaterina Vasilievna, he was imbued with the conviction that time would pass - and she would return to him. “Many of my poems, in essence, as you know,” my father wrote to my mother in Leningrad on January 20, 1958, “we wrote together with you. Often one of your hints, one remark changed the essence of the matter ... And behind those poems that I wrote alone, you always stood ... You know that for the sake of my art I neglected everything else in life. And you helped me."

From the memoirs of Nikolai Chukovsky:

He came to see me somehow in the second half of August 1958, Chukovsky was his and before leaving he read a poem that shocked me. It was a stern demand addressed to himself:

Lead (2).

Don't let your soul be lazy!
So as not to crush water in a mortar,
The soul must work

Drive her from house to house
Drag from stage to stage
Through the wasteland, through the windbreak
Through the snowdrift, through the bump!

Don't let her sleep in bed
By the light of the morning star
Keep a lazy man in a black body
And don't take the reins off her!

If you want to give her an indulgence,
Releasing from work
She's the last shirt
Will rip you off without pity.

And you grab her by the shoulders
Teach and torture until dark
To live with you like a human
She re-learned.

She is a slave and a queen
She is a worker and a daughter,
She has to work
And day and night, and day and night!

Host (1)

After reading this poem, he left cheerful. And suddenly, a week later, I find out that Zabolotsky's wife has returned ...

He survived the departure of Katerina Vasilievna, but he could not survive her return. His heart gave out and he had a heart attack.

He lived for another month and a half. All his efforts - and he did not allow his soul to be lazy! - he sent to bring his affairs in final order. With his characteristic accuracy, he compiled a complete list of his poems, which he considered worthy of publication. He wrote a will in which he forbade the printing of poems that were not included in this list. This will was signed on October 8, 1958, a few days before his death ... "

Host (2)

Here is the text of this literary testament:

"This manuscript includes the complete collection of my poems and poems, established by me in 1958. All other poems ever written and printed by me, I consider either accidental or unsuccessful. It is not necessary to include them in my book. Texts of this manuscript checked, corrected and finally established; previously published versions of many verses should be replaced by the texts given here.

Lead (1).

Song "Juniper Bush"http://video.mail.ru/mail/arkadij-khait/23696/24397.html - (4min 29s).

Lead (1).

Inna Rostovtseva calls the poet a "discovery". He is a discovery, because, having gone through such a difficult life and creative path, he was able to remain himself, although in the first half of the 20th century, the task was under the power of a few.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Pt1uLeBMD0 Musical compositions on verses by Zabolotsky.

Thank you for your attention. See you next time.

*************

Bibliography:

Memories of N. Zabolotsky. - M.: Sov. Writer, 1984. -464s.

Zabolotsky N.A. Selected works. - M.: Artist. Lit., 1991. - 431s.

Zabolotsky N.N. Life N.A. Zabolotsky. -2nd ed., revised. - St. Petersburg: 2003. - 664 p.

Makedonov A.V. Nikolay Zabolotsky. Life and art. Metamorphoses.- L.: Sov. Attacher, 1987. - 368s.

Prepared by Moiseeva N.G.

Nikolai Alekseevich Zabolotsky was born on May 7, 1903

One of the most underrated poetsThe Silver Age waspoet Nikolai Zabolotsky. Everyone knows that Akhmatova is a genius, but not everyone can quote her poems. The same applies to Blok or Tsvetaeva. But almost everyone knows the work of Zabolotsky - but many have no idea that this is Zabolotsky. “Kissed, bewitched, with the wind in the field…”, “The soul is obliged to work…” and even “Kotya, kitty, kitty…”. All this is Zabolotsky Nikolai Alekseevich. His poems went to the people, became songs and lullabies for children, the name of the author turned into an extra formality. On the one hand - the most sincere declaration of love of all possible. On the other hand, it is a blatant injustice towards the author. For a scientist, he was too much of a poet, for a poet too much of a layman, for a man in the street too much of a dreamer.

Spirit of Zabolotskwowdidn't fit his body. Blond of medium height, chubby and prone to fullness, Zabolotsky gave the impression of a solid and sedate person. A respectable young man of a very prosaic appearance in no way corresponded to the ideas of a true poet - sensitive, vulnerable and restless. And only people who knew Zabolotsky closely understood that under this external sham importance lies a surprisingly sensitive, sincere and cheerful person.

Open up thought!

Become music, word

Hit the hearts

Let the world triumph!

The literary circle, in which Nikolai Alekseevich Zabolotsky found himself, was “wrong”. Oberiuts - shameless, funny, paradoxical, seemed the most unsuitable company for a serious young man. Meanwhile, Zabolotsky was very friendly with Kharms, and with Oleinikov, and with Vvedensky.

Another paradox of inconsistency is Zabolotsky's literary preferences. Famous Soviet poets left him indifferent. He also did not like Akhmatova, highly valued by the near-literary environment. But the restless, restless, ghostly surreal Khlebnikov seemed to Zabolotsky a great and profound poet. The worldview of this man painfully contrasted with his appearance, his way of life and even his origin.

In 1930, Nikolai Zabolotsky married Ekaterina Klykova. Oberiut friends spoke of her extremely warmly. Even the caustic Kharms and Oleinikov were fascinated by the fragile, silent girl. The life and work of Zabolotsky were closely connected with this amazing woman. Zabolotsky was never rich. Moreover, he was poor, sometimes simply poor. The meager earnings of a translator barely allowed him to support his family. And all these years, Ekaterina Klykova did not just support the poet. She completely handed over to him the reins of government of the family, never arguing with him or reproaching anything with him.

Family friends were amazed at the woman's devotion, noting that there was something not entirely natural in such dedication. The way of the house, economic decisions - all this was determined only by Zabolotsky.

When the poet was arrested in 1938, Klykova's life collapsed. She spent all five years of her husband's imprisonment in Urzhum, in extreme poverty. Zabolotsky was accused of anti-Soviet activities. Despite lengthy exhausting interrogations and torture, he did not sign the indictments, did not acknowledge the existence of an anti-Soviet organization, and did not name any of its alleged members. Perhaps this is what saved his life. The sentence was camp imprisonment, and Zabolotsky spent five years in Vostoklage, located in the Komsomolsk-on-Amur region. There, in inhuman conditions, Zabolotsky was engaged in a poetic transcription of "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". As the poet later explained, in order to preserve himself as a person, not to sink to that state in which it is no longer possible to create.

In 1944, the term was interrupted, and Zabolotsky received the status of an exile. For a year he lived in Altai, where his wife and children also came, then he moved to Kazakhstan. These were difficult times for the family. Lack of work, money, eternal uncertainty about the future and fear. They were afraid of arrest, they were afraid that they would be kicked out of temporary housing, they were afraid of everything.

In 1946 Zabolotsky returned to Moscow. He lives with friends, works as a translator, life begins to slowly improve. And then another tragedy happens. The wife, an infinitely faithful devoted wife, who courageously endured all the hardships and hardships, suddenly leaves for another. He does not betray out of fear for his life or the life of his children, he does not run away from poverty and adversity. It's just that at forty-nine, this woman leaves for another man. This broke Zabolotsky. The proud, conceited poet painfully experienced the collapse of family life.

Whether the old oak whispered with the pine,
Or a mountain ash creaked in the distance,
Or the goldfinch ocarina sang,
Or a robin, little friend

Did she suddenly answer me at sunset?

Who answered me in the thicket of the forest?
Are you who again in the spring
Remembering our past years
Our worries and our troubles
Our wanderings in a distant land -
You, who burned my soul?

Who answered me in the thicket of the forest?
In the morning and in the evening, in the cold and heat,
I always hear an indistinct echo,
Like the breath of immense love,
For which my quivering verse
Rushed to you from my palms ...

Zabolotsky's life gave a roll. He rushed about, frantically looking for a way out, trying to create at least the appearance of a normal existence. He offered his hand and heart to an unfamiliar, in fact, woman, and, according to the recollections of friends, not even in person, but by phone. He hastily married, spent some time with his new wife and broke up with her, simply deleting his second wife from his life. It was to her, and not at all to his wife, that the poem “My Precious Woman” was dedicated. Zabolotsky went to work. He translated a lot and fruitfully, he had orders, and finally he began to earn decent money.

On the Sunset

When, exhausted by work,
The fire of my soul is gone
Yesterday I went out reluctantly
In a devastated birch forest.

On a smooth silk platform,
Whose tone was green and purple,
Stood in orderly disorder
Rows of silver barrels.

Through small distances
Between the trunks, through the foliage,
Heaven's evening radiance
cast shadows on the grass.

It was that weary sunset hour
The hour of death when
The saddest thing for us is the loss
Unfinished work.

Man has two worlds:
One that he made
Another that we are from the century
We create to the best of our ability.

The discrepancies are huge
And despite the interest
Birch wood Kolomna
Do not repeat my miracles.

The soul wandered in the invisible,
Full of fairy tales
Seen off with a blind eye
She is external nature.

So, probably, the thought is naked,
Once abandoned in the wilderness
exhausted within myself,
Doesn't feel my soul.

1958

Zabolotsky was able to survive the break with his wife - but could not survive her return. When Ekaterina Klykova returned, he had a heart attack. One and a half monthsZabolotskyfell ill, but during this time he managed to put all his affairs in order: he sorted poems, wrote a will. He was a thorough man in death as well as in life. By the end of his life, the poet had money, popularity, and readership. But that couldn't change anything. Zabolotsky's health was undermined by the camps and years of poverty, and the heart of an elderly man could not withstand the stress caused by experiences. Zabolotsky died on 10/14/1958. He died on his way to the bathroom, where he went to brush his teeth. Doctors forbade Zabolotsky to get up, but he was always a neat person and even a little pedant in everyday life.

And complete the structure of nature,

Let these waters cover my poor ashes,

Let this green forest shelter me.

I won't die my friend...

Questions

What place does the theme of Russia occupy in the work of V.V. Nabokov?

Tasks

1. Prepare a message on the topic “How do the descriptions of the emigrant environment and the hero’s memories of the past, youth, love, Mashenka relate in V.V. Nabokov’s novel “Mashenka”?”

2. Prepare a message on the topic "Problematics and the system of images in the novel" Masha "

(1903–1958)

Born April 24, 1903 near Kazan. His paternal grandfather, having served under Nicholas I for the prescribed quarter of a century as a soldier, signed up as an Urzhum tradesman and worked as a ranger in the forestry. One of his two sons, the poet's father, received a state scholarship and studied to be an agronomist. He married late and married a city teacher, "sympathetic to revolutionary ideas." The family lived in the village of Sernur; son, the first of six children, studied away from home, at the real school of Urzhum.

After graduating from college in 1920, Zabolotsky went to Moscow, where he simultaneously entered the philological and medical faculties of Moscow University. But soon he moved to Petrograd and entered the Pedagogical Institute. He participated in the literary circle "Word Workshop", was not selected for the proletarian avant-garde writers, but found a common language with poets who considered themselves the "left flank" of the Leningrad branch of the All-Russian Union of Poets (soon abolished).
In 1926-1927 Zabolotsky served in the army, then got a job in the children's book department of the State Publishing House. The department was headed by S. Marshak. The department published not only books, but also two children's magazines - "Chizh" and "Ezh". Like-minded poets of Zabolotsky - D. Kharms and A. Vvedensky were involved in the work, a poetic group was formed with its own program. At the end of 1927, it became known as the Association of Real Art (first OBERIO, then OBERIU), its adherents were Oberiuts. The manifesto of the Oberiuts appeared at the beginning of 1928 in the Posters of the Press House. In the spirit of the then cult of innovation, it was stated: "We are the creators not only of a new poetic language, but also the creators of a new sense of life and its objects." By this time, several poems by Zabolotsky had been published randomly, more or less confirming this declaration (“Evening Bar”, “Football”, “Game of Snowballs”, etc.). They went unnoticed, but the collection Columns (1929), which included 22 poems, published in a circulation of 1200 copies, "caused a decent scandal in literature." The book was assessed as a "hostile sortie", but there were no direct orders regarding Zabolotsky. The poet managed to establish a special relationship with the Zvezda magazine, where about ten poems were published that supplemented the Columns.
The "Columns" collection consists of two cycles: "Urban columns" and "Mixed columns". The cycles are different and, as it were, opposed to one another in terms of subject matter and in terms of the mood that prompted the author to create them. "Columns" and poems adjoining them 1926-1932 were experiments in verbal plasticity, focused on everyday everyday speech and bringing poetry closer to modern painting. Still lifes, genre scenes and sketches by Stolbtsov were motivated “in the Oberiu way”: “Look at an object with bare eyes and you will see it for the first time cleared of decrepit literary gilding ... We are expanding the meaning of the object, word and action.” Such an “expansion of meaning” gradually alienated Zabolotsky from other Oberiuts and clearly affected the poem “The Triumph of Agriculture”, written in 1929-1930 and fully published in the Zvezda magazine in 1933: this poem glorified collectivization as the beginning of universal improvement. In subsequent poems - "The Mad Wolf" (1931) and "Trees" (1933), the influence of V. Khlebnikov affected. The publication of the "Triumph of Agriculture" entailed the withdrawal of the Zvezda issue with the text of the poem from circulation, the author's assessment in the organ of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks "Pravda" and defamation in other periodicals. The book "Poems 1926-1932" prepared for publication failed to be published; an attempt to publish "Poems and poems 1926-1936" was in vain. Seventeen new poems by Zabolotsky, mostly published in the Izvestia newspaper and as close as possible to the average level of Soviet intellectual poetry of the 1930s, made up the collection Second Book (1937). Zabolotsky also published translations-retellings for children and youth. In 1938 he was arrested and convicted as a member of a fictional terrorist organization of Leningrad writers. His "case", the investigation with torture and the camp ordeals are briefly described in his memoirs "The History of My Confinement". The Kolyma term was interrupted, and already in 1943 Zabolotsky received the status of an exiled settler, first in Altai, then in Kazakhstan.

In 1946 he moved to Moscow, in 1948 he published the collection "Poems", in which works of Georgian themes prevail. Zabolotsky was asked to turn his 1930s retelling of Shota Rustaveli's poem into a complete translation. Like the poetic arrangement of The Tale of Igor's Campaign ordered by him, this was one of the most prestigious and profitable translation works of the Soviet era. No lyrics from the camp-exiled period have been preserved, and there is no evidence of the existence of such; new poems begin to appear from 1946. They are the result of a creative evolution that took shape as early as 1934-1937. Zabolotsky uses the poetics of a cruel romance; it is also characteristic of tragic-sounding poems. Both the lifetime collection "Poems" (1957) and the posthumous "Selected" (1960) give a deliberately distorted idea of ​​​​Zabolotsky's lyrics, including only a little more than half of his works of 1936-1958 and completely cutting off poems and poems of the early period that contradicted the magnificent image of the Soviet poet .

Zabolotsky himself did not renounce his early work and did not leave hope for the publication of a more or less complete collection. He compiled it twice - in 1952 and 1958; anticipating the obligatory claims of stylistic censorship. For the first time, Zabolotsky's poetry was presented to the reader with sufficient completeness in 1965. A number of early poems and the poem "Birds" (1933) remained unpublished until 1972. Zabolotsky died in Moscow in 1958.