- when - approach, when - touch, when - arrive, when - run, when - saying, when - sit down, when - sew.
pre - interrupt, pre - block, pre - unpleasant, pre - transformation, pre - transgress
cheerful
Examples of words with a prefix at-:
- In meaning " accession": sew, nail, glue, stick, pin.
- In meaning " approximation": to arrive, to sail, to gallop, to arrive, to come running, to come.
- In meaning " closeness to something": coastal, school, railway station (square), seaside (shore).
- In meaning " incomplete action": sit down, slightly open, close, get sick, bite.
Examples of words with a prefix pre-:
- In meaning very: beautiful, charming, wise, generous, generous, aged.
- When attached is equal to the prefix re-: stop, turn, bicker, overcome, bow down (knee).
- Prefixes pre- and pre- are semantic. The choice in their spelling depends on the meaning they bring to the semantics of the word.
Prefix at- has the following meanings:
1) approach - run, moor, lean against, land;
2) the proximity of something nearby, for example:
Dnieper region, suburb, coastal, Baikal, border, railway station;
3) attachment - nail, screw, tie, glue;
4) incompleteness of the action - burn, slightly open, powder, smack, powder;
5) bringing the action to the end - think up, squint;
6) concomitant action - to dance, whistle, hum, stomp, dance.
The prefix pre- has the meaning of re- in words:
barrier, transgress (law), interrupt;
In the meaning of "very" the prefix prefigures in the words:
amusing, curious, curious, dirty, wise, fed up, overweight (weight), unpleasant, nasty, exalt, fat (magazine).
- On pre-:(with the meaning of the word very, very, differently)
attach
bend down
slightly open
come up with
hum
seaside
On at-: (with the meaning of the words of attachment, approximation, bringing the action to completion)
very big
exaggerate
transgress
turn
transform
- Prefix PRI-
Attachment: nail, sew, tie, attach, glue, attach, screw, baste, attach, fasten.
Approach: come running, come, drag, bring, bring, roll, drive, sail, jump, land, lunar, arrive, come, fly.
Proximity: seaside, school, Amur, railway station, backyard.
Incomplete action: lie down, get up, sit down, slightly open, crush.
Prefix PRE-
Close in meaning to the word "very": charming, beautiful, wise, enormous, sweet, exaggerate, exalt, unpleasant.
Close in meaning to the prefix re-: transgress, squabble, overcome, block, interrupt, break.
There are a lot of words in this rule, the spelling of prefixes in which depends on the meaning: receiver - successor, pretend - pretend. There are also words whose spelling must be remembered: come up with, try on, be present; obstacle, despise.
- Words with a prefix at - crouch, approach, touch, join, sew, belittle
Words with the prefix pre - interrupt, block, transform, superiority, exaggeration
When writing words with prefixes -pre- and -remember the rules of the Russian Language
You definitely can't go wrong.
Examples of words with the prefix "at-":
- accession
- approximation
- touch
- arrive
- come running
- proverb
- sit down
- sew on
- nail
Examples of words with the prefix "pre-":
- transform
- interrupt
- block
- unpleasant
- transformation
- transgress
- cheerful
The rule for the use of prefixes "pri-" and "pre".
The prefix "pri-" is used in the meaning:
- approach (to come, come running)
- joining (sew, nail, pin)
- is close to something (school, house, suburban)
- incomplete action (short-term) (quiet, lie down, sit down)
The prefix "pre-" is used in the meaning:
- very (cheerful (very cheerful), unpleasant (very unpleasant))
- trans- (transgress (cross), block (block))
- There are many such words.
Prefix at-: recognition, joining, chorus, approaching, hiding, accepting, slightly opening, attracting, hillock, seaside, coastal.
Prefix pre-: reverend, excellent, transfiguration, crime, refraction, teach, overcome, exalt.
- Words with prefix
very beautiful - lovely
very good - kind
very cool - excellent.
Words with prefix
sit down next to it, next to it, lie down next to it.
Not all subparagraphs of the same rule. You need to learn a few.
Prefixes PRE and PRI and examples of words with them:
merry, wise, beautiful, most holy, pure, despise, transform, amusing, block, interrupt, surpass, present, stop;
sew, jump, run, attach, approach, look after, tie, attach, weld, stick, roadside, seaside, railway station, seaside, backyard, lie down, press, press down, sail, fly in.
See the spelling rule for these prefixes with examples:
In some words, both the prefix pre- and the prefix pre- can be used, but the words differ in their meaning. See picture.
At the heart of writing prefixes PRE- and PRI- lies the semantic principle. that is, the choice of one or another prefix depends on what meaning it brings to the word.
The prefix PRE- is written in the following cases. Firstly, when it introduces into the word the meaning of the ultimate degree of action, a quality that transcends measure. For example, superb, extol, exaggerate, prettiest, premilo.
Secondly, the prefix PRE- will be written in those cases when it is close in meaning to the prefix PERE-. For example, tradition, compare - "transfer"; block, compare - "to block", cross the line, compare - "to cross".
The prefix PRI- can have the following meanings. First, proximity to something, adjacency. For example, school, seaside, Amur region.
Secondly, in the meaning of the incompleteness of the action, i.e., an action that is performed in an incomplete volume or for some limited period. For example, lie down, sit down, cover up.
Thirdly, the prefix PRI- can have the meaning of attachment, approximation. For example, sew on, tie, freeze.
Fourthly, the prefix PRI- can have the meaning of bringing the action to its logical end, to the end, to completion. For example, accustom, finish.
The prefix PRI- can also have the meaning of an accompanying action: to dance, to whistle.
And finally, the prefix PRI- can denote an action that is performed in one's own interests: dress up, listen.
It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of words close in sound, but completely different in meaning, with prefixes PRE- and PRI-. Such, for example, as despise a coward and despise in meaning shelter, close the door and make a dream come true. stay in meaning to be somewhere and arrive in meaning come. bow your head or bend a branch to the ground. The meaning of such prefixes and these words is determined by the context, that is, by the words that are next to them. The complexity of this rule is that in the modern Russian language there are quite a lot of words in which it is difficult or impossible to isolate the prefix PRE- and PRI-. The spelling of such words should be checked in a spelling dictionary. In particular, such words include obsolete words used in phraseological units. For example, stumbling block or doomsday.
The spelling of borrowed words with the prefixes PRE- and PRI- or words that simply begin with PRE- and PRI- should also be checked in a spelling dictionary. For example, president, preamble, drug, prima donna etc.
Bibliography
- Russian language. Grade 6 / Baranov M.T. and others - M .: Education, 2008.
- Babaitseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 cells - M.: Bustard, 2008.
- Russian language. 6 cells / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.
- Additional exercises ().
- Reference table().
Homework
Task number 1
Insert the missing letters. Distribute and write down the words in two columns: in the first - with the prefix PRI-, in the second - with the prefix PRE-.
Ancient pr...given, stone of pr...stumble, pr...miracles of nature, pr...to step (to business), rich pr...given, vicissitudes of fate, pr...overcoming obstacles, no need to say ... to repent, pr ... knowledge of what they have done, pr ... to be inactive, unconditionally ... obediently obey, pr ... adherent of new views, pr ... give a friend, pr. .. to reconcile enemies, pr ... the existence of a train, an indispensable condition, useful pr ... acquisition, life without pr ... beauty, pr ... a funny case, pr ... breaking rays, pr. ..elevation of authority, pr...stop the hearing of the case, give pr...swear, seekers of pr...keys.
Task number 2
Replace these revolutions with words with the prefix PRE- or PRI-.
"Diligent, diligent", "located near the school", "come somewhere", "oral story, a story passed down from generation to generation", "inclinations that have become common, permanent", "stop doing something", " open a little."
PRE or PRI is not a secret at all
Spelling prefixes
Lesson Objectives:
1) create conditions for showing interest in the topic of the lesson;
2) ensure the research nature of educational activities: observation, comparison, generalization;
3) to promote independent work of students with different dictionaries, manuals, textbooks;
4) teach students to distinguish words that are close in sound but different in meaning;
5) enrich the vocabulary of high school students, paying attention to the meaning and spelling of borrowed and native Russian words.
LESSON STAGES
I. Poetic warm-up.
Exercise. Read the poem by heart; explain spelling in prefixes; find examples of artistic tropes in the text. Prepare the poem for memorization.
(Don't) pr_kayte to hell -
Fuck them, fuck them!
(Not) pr _kayte to n_demons,
Keep your eyes on them,
Look to the clouds,
Listen to the birds,
Go to the r_dniks, -
N_what (not) will happen again.
(W. Shefner)
II. Vocabulary and spelling workout.
Exercise 1. Write in the dictionary the words that pre- and at- are not prefixes and their spelling cannot be explained by the learned rules. Mark the words whose meanings you do not understand.
At-: reason, example, hello, diligent, adventure, nature, privilege (exclusive right), priority (primacy), primitive (simple, uncomplicated), prima donna (actress in the first roles), fastidious (a person is too picky, with whims and whims), compulsion.
Pre-: presidium, president, prime minister, preparation, claim, applicant, prevail (predominate), present (donate), prestige (authority), tradition, stumbling block (hindrance).
Task 2. Determine the lexical meaning of the words. Give examples by including words in phrases or sentences, if necessary, refer to the dictionary of L.P. Krysina: Explanatory dictionary of foreign words. M.: EKSMO, 2005. Mark the words, the meaning of which you do not understand.
Dissect- to prepare any organism or substance for scientific laboratory research;
preamble- an introductory, explanatory part of an international treaty, law or other legal act;
presentation- public presentation of the created film, printed publication, enterprise, etc.;
preventive- warning something, safety;
privilege- preferential right, privilege.
Task 3. Determine the lexical meaning of phraseological units, if necessary, refer to the Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language, ed. A.I. Molotkov. If you can, give your own examples, including phraseological units in them.
I didn't like it- not like, to be unpleasant to someone, causes irritation, annoyance.
Uncle Beltov did not like life in St. Petersburg, and he settled in Moscow. (A. Herzen)
hold your tongue- talk less, chat, reason, keep quiet, shut up.
- You, Markusha, hold your tongue. I am those[= to you] I won't let you lie!(M. Gorky)
bite your tongue- shut up, refrain from speaking.
Here Ivan Ignatievich noticed that he let slip and bit his tongue.(A. Pushkin)
To betray (to betray) fire and sword- mercilessly destroy, destroy and burn. About land, country, people.
Turn (turn) into hearing- listen attentively.
- Do you want to tell me something? - Yes. “Okay, I’ve become all ears.
Task 4. Choose synonyms for these words with prefixes pre-, pre-, pre-.
Boundless (limitless), future (upcoming), unfair (biased), exemplary (approximate), sad (regrettable), continuous (continuous).
Edge (limit), spectacle (performance), treason (betrayal), offense (crime), inclination to any activity, giftedness (vocation), refuge (refuge), follower (follower).
Get, buy (acquire), block (block), finish (stop), interfere (obstruct), stay (stay), drive up to the station (arrive), please (like), overcome (overcome), praise (exalt) very much, devotion (attachment), surpass (exceed), snuggle (snuggle), attract (attract), portend (predict).
Task 5. Replace phrases with synonymous constructions with pre- and at-.
To act treacherously (treacherously), to treat unfairly (biasedly), to pass freely (unimpeded), to go in a continuous stream (continuous), to be at a meeting (to be present), to be disrespectful (with disdain), to violate loyalty (betray).
Task 6. Choose antonyms with prefixes pre- and at-, make suggestions with them.
move away (approach); very little (much); take away (add); very evil (kind); to respect (to despise); move away (approach); ugly (beautiful); next (previous).
III. Updating previously acquired knowledge.
Remember the meanings of prefixes, compare columns A and B.
| A. The meaning of the prefix pre- | B. The meaning of the prefix at- |
| 1. The highest degree of quality or action, "very": good, excellent, fine, prosperous. 2. Value close to the value of the prefix re-: termination, crime, stop, overcome, transformation. 3. Something new, resulting from a change, transformation |
1. Accession, addition: sew on; communion; involved. 2. Approximation: come, move. 3. Proximity to something: suburb, coastal. 4. Incomplete quality or action: open, suspend, hide, quirky, fastidious. 5. Bringing the action to the end: prepare, invent. 6. Accompanying action: whistle, stomp. 7. Adaptation to something: pretense, predilection, habit, habit, habit |
Exercise 1. Make up phrases with these words. Select the value of the prefix from the previous list, write it down in the table, indicating the number.
For example: a transient phenomenon - A2.
Task 2. Mark and memorize the words where it is difficult to isolate the prefix, as well as determine its meaning. Write down separately the words of a foreign language origin.
| Obstacle, obstacles, hell, sin, neglect, rebuke, bicker, throne, perverse, notorious, deceive, bowed, repose, persecute, teacher, present, limit, transmit, reverend, adulterer, stumbling block, grovel, dissect, preamble, prelude , premier, prestige, president, claim, prerogative, prevail, presidium, pretender, precedent, prefect ... | Jest, fastidious, comely, device, decency, decent, pall, order, adventure, take a nap, oath, oppress, hangout, reason, whim, claim, nature, example, hairstyle, regrettable, freedom, trailer, omen, follower, diligent, pleasant, private, primates, primitive, prima donna, privilege, priority... |
IV. Practical work.
Exercise 1. Compose a text (no more than 10 sentences). Title it. Use words with prefixes pre-, at-.
Task 2. Form nouns from these verbs and make phrases with them.
Sample. Approach - the approach of spring.
Transform, join, touch, teach, compel, welcome, land, hinder, transform, bicker, stop, pursue, overcome, neglect, try on.
Task 3. Sort the words by composition.
Exalt, redistribution, inviolable, surpass, overcome, overflowing, joined, impartial, unceasing, uninterrupted, unadapted, prejudice, predestined, predawn, contact, assumption, continuous, inexorable, impregnable, implacable, limitless, incessant, unreceptive, satiety.
Task 4. Replace words with a prefix pre- similar words with prefix re- and make phrases.
Sample: overcome - to overpower oneself, to turn - a coup.
Endure, criminal, betray, satiety, betrayal, interrupt, stop, limit, incessantly, transform, exceed, transient, turn, surpass, predominate, do not stop.
Task 5. For these verbs, select single-root nouns, adjectives, adverbs (where possible) so that they retain prefixes pre- and at-. Make up a phrase with each word.
Sample: to greet - to send greetings, a friendly person, to meet a friendly, solemn greeting.
Interrupt, call, hinder, attract, neglect, bow down, transgress, force, convert, despise, land, reconcile, not interrupt, betray.
Task 6. Sometimes prefixes are mixed pre- and at- with a pretext at. Open the brackets, mark the prepositions and prefixes.
1) Pavel served in the (at) station canteen. (At) the station buffet was cubic. 2) People dreamed of the (re)formation of nature. (When) the formation of a new substance, the temperature drops sharply. 3) It was an unexpected (trans) rotation. (When) the ball rotates, the thread is pulled. 4) The photographs were developed (under) red light. We rested in a (pre)red rest house. 5) Everything happened (under) strange circumstances. He was a (very) strange man.
Make up similar pairs of sentences on your own with the words:
with an increase - an exaggeration; when interesting - interesting; with the following - pursuing; with the wise - the wise; with a road - roadside; with front-line - front-line; with a homestead - homestead.
Task 7. Remember the names of words that are pronounced the same but are spelled differently depending on their meaning (homonyms). Find a matching pair. Fill in the 2nd column of the table (see words for reference).
Make up and write sentences with these words.
Reference words: arrive (arrive), attach (add), chapel (side altar in the church), receiver (apparatus), proceed (start), pretend (cover), pretend (take a different look), bow (approaching something), gatekeeper (watchman), get used to (get used to), coming (coming for a while).
V. Explanatory cheating.
Exercise 1. Insert the missing letters.
Do not tell the reverses of fate: everything is passing. The claims and claims of the candidate for the post of candidate are unprecedented. The stone of stumbling was presented to him by the fastidiousness of the young ladder, from which he suffered a lot. Passionately and steadily overcome obstacles and obstacles.
Passionate, pr_strange, pr_gatekeeper, pr_tolerate, pr_smoke, pr_succeed, pr_zent, pr_mier, pr_mer, pr_set, pr_dstavil, pr_stav, pr_stav, pr_vatization, pr_merivat, pr_reconcile, pr_give, pr_conduct, pr_unpleasant, pr_privilege, pr_property, pr_raise, pr_whisper, pr_ditch strongly pr_reduce, slightly pr_reduce, pr_increase, pr_multiply, pr_decorate, imperviousness, imperviousness, pr_close, pr_raise, pr_bring, pr_raise, pr_mitifully, pr_turn on, pr_sin, pr_underworld, pr_bautka, pr_neglect, pr_refugee, pr_kaz, pr_stizh, pr_licia, pr_miracle, pr_flirting pr_create in life, pr_creatively, pr_follow the offender, pr_get down to business, pr_old, kneeling, advanced age, lasting values, lasting pain.
Task 2. Write down the text, insert the missing letters, highlight the prefixes at- and pre-.
AT THE RECEPTION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE K_MPANIA
At the reception, the president of the company had many excellent specialists. The President was warmly greeted. The president sat down in a fancy chair. The session of the presidium has begun. Everyone was shouting, getting up from their seats. Then the President adjourned the meeting and resumed it when everyone was silent. The President expressed his gratitude to the great architects for the restructuring of the presidential residence. Those present applauded so that the President jumped up from his quaint chair. When everyone had dispersed, the President lay down to rest on a large, soft, soft sofa.
Try to compose your story with an abundance of words with pre- – at-. Whose text contains the most words with prefixes pre- and at-?
VI. An interesting task.
Let us recall the spelling song of F. Krivin (radio program "Baby Monitor"). Formulate the rules that the song reminded you of, and if necessary, tell them to yourself or to each other.
At- or pre-? Pre- or at-?
It's not a secret at all.
You will receive an answer right away.
Did the train arrive, did the steamer sail,
The astronaut came from the universe -
About everyone who comes, arrives, sails,
Is written at-, undoubtedly.
At- or pre-? Pre- or at-?
It's not a secret at all.
Look at the content of the word -
You will receive an answer right away.
The screw screwed, screwed the wheel,
Glued, sewn skillfully -
Remember what is written at- about everything,
What good hands have done.
At- or pre-? Pre- or at-?
It's not a secret at all.
Look at the content of the word -
You will receive an answer right away.
Tongue bitten - not quite bitten off,
Burnt doesn't mean it's on fire.
Remember what's done, but not quite
Write with a prefix at-.
At- or pre-? Pre- or at-?
It's not a secret at all.
Look at the content of the word -
You will receive an answer right away.
Predlinny will reach the roof with his hand,
Greedy won't give you candy.
Who is very such or very such -
Pre- we will write about it.
The rains are pouring incessantly in October,
But literate rain is not a barrier.
where they are very similar re- and pre-,
There only pre- need to put.
At- or pre-? Pre- or at-?
It's not a secret at all.
Look at the content of the word -
You will receive an answer right away.
VII. Consolidation of knowledge.
1. Vocabulary dictation.
An aged representative, unhindered stay in the city, acquiring a radio, overcoming obstacles, bizarre clouds, indisputable authority, a very pleasant story happened, turning into an impartial observer, attending a reception, burnt seasoning, stopping continuous negotiations, ponder over this tradition, neglecting the warning, hushed seaside town, incessant nit-picking, getting sick and lying down, a lovely garden plot, the pursuit of a criminal.
2. Explanatory dictation.
The geography teacher suggested that we study the nature of our native land. We do not have impregnable mountains, impenetrable swamps, but there are charming picturesque corners, boundless forest distances, places associated with ancient legends.
Contact with nature is always great! Wandering through the forest, we pick up bizarrely shaped roots, do not neglect cones, feathers: all this is useful for making toys. At rest stops we collect brushwood, make a huge fire, try to cook tastier food, but after all, even burnt porridge is tasty on a hike. Then, having tidied up, without fail keeping the fire in the fire and, having quieted down, we listen to the forest sounds.
The teacher checks the degree of assimilation of the topic by the students, analyzes the mistakes made in the dictation.
The result of joint work is summed up.
VIII. Homework.
Exercise 1. Learn (if you forgot) the basic rule for spelling prefixes pre- and at-. Think about the meaning of the prefix.
Task 2. Remember the exception words (dictionary words), both borrowed and native Russian. Write these words in a notebook in the form of phrases in two columns.
| Pre- | At- |
| Overcome, contradict, unquestioning, disdain, grovel, obstacle, notorious (widely known, sensational, but doubtful), advantage, claim, presidium, president, pretender, premiere, drug, punctuation (signs), throne, prestige, prelude | Claim, claim, swear, oath, picky, picky, reconcile, implacable, time, whimsical, unpretentious, priority, privilege, privileged, primitive, primitive, embellish, nature, deplorable, reason, example, hairstyle, decent, bizarre |
Task 3. Recall the spelling of which words is associated with a difference in their meaning. Make lists of these words with examples. Determine their meaning.
Sample:
Reference:
Give - betray;
start - transgress;
bow down - bow down;
pretend - pretend;
pretend - pretend
aisle - limit;
receiver - successor.
Remember that exaggerate written only with a prefix pre-.
Remember spelling words with prefixes pre- and at- in phrases: declining("approaching old age") age, impregnable(from attack) fortress, stumbling block("hindrance, difficulty"), immutable law("not subject to change, indestructible"), enduring significance("durable") vicissitudes of fate("misadventures, changes, turns in events").
N.N. TYULENEV,
Tomsk
In order to write words that begin with PRE- or PRI- without errors, you need to learn the following rule.
In most words, the choice of the vowel I or E depends on the meaning of the prefix.
The prefix PRI- can mean:
1. Spatial contiguity, proximity: COASTAL, SCHOOL.
2. Approximation, joining: COME, LEAN, STICK.
3. Incompleteness of action: SHUT THE DOOR, DOWN, BEAUTY.
4. Bringing the action to the end: SHOOT, INVENT.
The prefix PRE- can express:
1. A high degree of quality or action and have a meaning close to the meaning of the word "very": PREVIOUS, LONG, PREVENT.
2. A meaning close to the meaning of the prefix PER-: TO TRANSFORM, TRANSFORM, OBSTRUCTION.
This rule has two notes:
1. It is necessary to distinguish between spellings of words that are similar in sound, but different in meaning:
DESPECT (hate) - DESPECT (give shelter), KNEEL (kneel) - BEND (branch), SUFFER (difficulties, misfortunes) - GROW TOGETHER (to circumstances), TRANSIENT (moment) - COMING (postman),
STAY (be) - ARRIVE (approach).
2. There are words in which the spelling of a vowel cannot be explained by the above rule. These are Russian words in which the prefix is no longer singled out (for example, NATURE, REASON, CLAIMS, DEVICE, SECURATE, PREPONA, REVERSE), as well as borrowings (PRESIDIUM, PREAMBLE, PREPARATION, PRIVILEGE, PRIMITIVE, PRIVATE, PRIORITY). In such cases, in order to avoid mistakes, you need to use a dictionary.
Prefixes "pre" and "at" in some words
1. Contempt / contempt
With the first word, everything is clear, but the second is used much less frequently. Contempt is care. To contemplate means to give shelter and food. In the dictionary, this verb is marked "obsolete." In the 18th-19th centuries, institutions that were engaged in guardianship and guardianship were called the house of charity.
It is easy to explain in the second word. There is a hint of approach, acceptance, attachment.
2. Betray / give
It is possible (but not necessary) to betray a friend, but to give meaning. In the second case, the motive for joining is again visible.
3. Bow / bow
You can bow your head or kneel. And to bend, for example, a branch to the ground (to bring closer, therefore, closer).
4. Pretend / Pretend
You can make a dream come true. And here the prefix is excellent in meaning with re- (a dream is REBORN and becomes a reality). But you can pretend to gate (CLOSE, the motive of incomplete action: close, but not completely).
5. Endure / get used to
To endure is almost the same thing as to endure. That is, to endure, to wait, to survive. So, you need the prefix pre-.
And to get used to is to bring the action to the end and (again) get closer to what you endure.
6. Transient / coming
The transient is that which passes, passes.
And the one who comes is the one who comes, approaches. For example, a train coming to this platform. Or a child coming to kindergarten.
7. Multiply/multiply
These words are very difficult to distinguish, this is noted even in reference books. It is believed that to multiply is to multiply a lot, and to multiply is to add a little. But these are rather shades of the same meaning, so they are often confused.
8. Successor/Receiver
Dmitry Medvedev was once called the successor of Vladimir Putin - the powers of the president were transferred to him. But not a receiver! Remember: the receiver is a machine, not a person.
Lesson topic:
Technologies: personality-oriented, work in groups, games.
Objectives: - repetition of the spelling rule governing the choice of letters e and and in
prefixes pre - and at -;
Develop the ability to distinguish the meaning and spelling of words with prefixes
pre - and at -; development of students' speech;
Raise the need to master literate writing
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Lesson summary
Lesson topic: Spelling of prefixes pre - at -.
Technologies: personality-oriented, work in groups, games.
Goals: - repetition of the spelling rule governing the choice of letters e i i c
Prefixes pre - and with -;
Develop the ability to distinguish the meaning and spelling of words with prefixes
Pre - and at -; development of students' speech;
Raise the need to master literate writing.
During the classes:
- Org. moment.
II. Presentation of the topic and objectives of the lesson. Write the topic in a notebook.
1. The word of the teacher on the topic of the lesson:
Today we have a lesson - a generalization on the topic “Vowels in prefixes pre- and pre-”. Today in the lesson we will remember what determines the choice of letters e i i in the prefixes pre - and at -, and we will also continue to work on the formation of the ability to distinguish between the meaning and spelling of words with prefixes pre - and at -.
2. Explanation of the new topic:
Spelling of words with prefixes PRE- and PRI-
In order to write words that begin with PRE- or PRI- without errors, you need to learn the following rule.
In most words, the choice of the vowel I or E depends on the meaning of the prefix.
The prefix PRI- can mean:
1. Spatial contiguity, proximity: COASTAL, SCHOOL.
2. Approximation, joining: COME, LEAN, STICK.
3. Incompleteness of action: SHUT THE DOOR, DOWN, BEAUTY.
4. Bringing the action to the end: SHOOT, INVENT.
The prefix PRE- can express:
1. A high degree of quality or action and have a meaning close to the meaning of the word "very": PREVIOUS, LONG, PREVENT.
2. A meaning close to the meaning of the prefix PER-: TO TRANSFORM, TRANSFORM, OBSTRUCTION.
This rule has two notes:
1. It is necessary to distinguish between spellings of words that are similar in sound, but different in meaning:
DESPECT (hate) - DESPECT (give shelter), KNEEL (kneel) - BEND (branch), SUFFER (difficulties, misfortunes) - GROW TOGETHER (to circumstances), TRANSIENT (moment) - COMING (postman),
STAY (be) - ARRIVE (approach).
2. There are words in which the spelling of a vowel cannot be explained by the above rule. These are Russian words in which the prefix is no longer singled out (for example, NATURE, REASON, CLAIMS, DEVICE, SECURATE, PREPONA, REVERSE), as well as borrowings (PRESIDIUM, PREAMBLE, PREPARATION, PRIVILEGE, PRIMITIVE, PRIVATE, PRIORITY). In such cases, in order to avoid mistakes, you need to use a dictionary.
3. Explanatory dictation. (One student performs on the board, all the rest in notebooks).
Primorsky Krai, unpleasant conversation, limp slightly, interrupt the story, bring the dog, dim the lights, nasty character, think about the problem, sew on a button.
III. Knowledge update.
1. Task by groups: fill in the missing column of the table. (Tables are shown on different halves of the board).
Task for the 1st group:
Task for the 2nd group:
Rules for writing prefixes pre and pri | Examples |
Come |
|
Glue |
|
get up |
|
Seaside |
|
Criminal |
|
cute |
IV. Skill strengthening exercise.
1.
Differentiated - creative tasks: (work in groups)
Task for organizing work in a group:
1. First, everyone independently solves the task.
2. Then share your thoughts with the whole group.
3. Everyone listens carefully to each participant, then makes a common decision, taking into account the opinion of each participant.
4. One of the participants conducts a conversation with classmates.
1 group. BUT.
Guys! sos! We need help! We missed the lesson. We don’t know how to write pre and pre prefixes correctly! Complete the task and explain to us which prefix to write in these words and why. Do you have a table to help you.
Wisdom pr..goes over the years.
What you gain in childhood, you rely on in old age.
The swallow pr ... flew - soon the thunder will rumble.
The crane carries the sun.
I went to dinner, and pr .. went on Wednesday.
Pr..wisdom in cabbage soup., And strength in cabbage.
Neither this nor that was boiling, otherwise it was burning.
If there are a lot of stars for the New Year, there will be a lot of berries.
Native side. What a kind mother - pr ... warms, pr .. caresses. feed.
Organization of reflection:
Tell us how you completed the task, how did you get the result, what did you learn while doing this task?
Key to check the job:
Wisdom comes with age.
What you gain in childhood, you will rely on in old age.
The swallow has flown in - soon the thunder will rumble.
The crane brings the sun.
Went for lunch and arrived on Wednesday.
Wisdom is in cabbage soup, and strength is in cabbage.
Neither one nor the other boiled, otherwise it burned.
If there are a lot of stars for the New Year, there will be a lot of berries.
Native side. What a kind mother - at ... warms, caresses, feeds.
2 group. B.
Exercise:
Phrases are given, explain to your classmates their spelling
A kind person, an unpleasant conversation, a long story, a nasty character, a school district, a roadside patrol, a railway station square. sweet child, block the road.
Organization of reflection:
- Group. AT.
Have a conversation with your classmates about the spelling of the pre and pre prefixes.
Organization of reflection:
How did you complete the task, how was the result obtained, what did you learn while completing the task?
2. Exercise.
1. Korotkov did not hear, although he fell with his ear to the keyhole.
(M. Bulgakov, "Diaboliad")
2. Dasha climbed with difficulty onto the stove, covered herself with her coat, picked up her legs. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
3. So, I got down and went to my unit. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
4. Overcoming a headache, he all gathered for the last fight.
(A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
5. This Kuzma Kuzmich, while still in the carriage, looked at Dasha - she somehow liked her. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
6. The siskin was constantly chirping and jumping, and the cage was constantly swaying and trembling. (According to I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
7. He moved his hat to the back of his head, holding the rifle. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
8. Instead of sunflowers, luring the sun into the small windows of huts, only rotten stems stick out. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
9. At this moment, the boat sp_chalila. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
10. Let grief give you firmness. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
11. Doesn't this advantage consist in the fact that they have fewer traces of nobility than we do? (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
12. But I can't feel downtrodden, the last of all. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
13. Why assume in advance that I am an enemy? (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
14. You will have to lag behind all your habits; there, alone, you will be forced to work ... (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
15. I, in spite of numerous vicissitudes, have never known misfortune. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
16. Further track record is given in the passport. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
17. At that moment A.V. entered the room, and the conversation stopped. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
18. Insarov read Elena's note - and immediately began to put his little room in order. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
19. Agrippina walked, as if knitted, step by step - behind her husband. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
20. I know a nasty tavern, where they will give us a pr_dirty dinner. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
21. Kuzma Kuzmich was built on a bench under the stove and also could not fall asleep right away - smacking, muttering. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
22. And you talk to him and despise him at the same time. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
23. Ivan Ilyich, without moving, slightly opened his eyelids. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
24. The expression of her eyes was flattering. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
25. You have at least seven spans in your forehead - you didn’t pass science, and you will always make a mistake. (According to A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
26. And the girl is written badly. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
27. You, my friend, I advise you to botanize: this is the best thing you can think of. (According to I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
28. You seem to be a smart person: what are we doing? (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
29. And good peasants will fool your father without fail. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
30. The singer gave herself up to the wave that lifted her, her face was transformed. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
31. Bring him to me, I'll interrogate him myself. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
32. Elena could no longer carelessly give herself up to the feeling of her happiness. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
33. She put the lamp on the table, lowered the light, sat down. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
34. And N.P. took out the proverbial pamphlet from the back pocket of his coat.
(I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
35. There he saw her for the first time, she seemed to him beautiful, like spring.
(A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
Checking the completed task.
VII. Summary of the lesson.
1. Conclusion: - Let's summarize the lesson. What determines the spelling of vowels in prefixes? (from the meaning of prefixes) But, before we draw final conclusions, listen to a short poem and think: what are the meanings of prefixes in it?
Did the train arrive, the ship sailed,
The astronaut came from the universe,
In words it will come, fly, sail
Written with no doubt.
What is the meaning of the prefix in the poem? (approximation)
Writing on the board: 1st value - approximation.
The screw screwed, screwed the wheel,
Glued, sewn skillfully -
We write with, talking about everything,
What good hands have done.
2nd value - joining.
What values of the prefix at - were not mentioned?
3rd and 4th meanings - proximity, incomplete action.
In a beautiful castle, on a mountain,
Once upon a time there was a prefix pre -
The person is brave, important, important,
Proud, proud, kind, kind
She was considered very wise
And they called everyone wisdom.
She had an adorable poodle
A brave dog named Dudel.
He slept peacefully at the door,
When the prefix came in -
She said: "At dawn
I'm leaving, my friend, pre -
I'll be gone for two or three days
You work for me.
Please replace me
Good night, I'm in a hurry."
What is the meaning of the prefix pre- in this poem?
Blackboard writing: pre = very
pre = re
But what about words in which pre - and pre - have become part of the root or words in which it is difficult to determine the meaning of the prefix? (they need to be remembered).
2. Homework:essay - a miniature on the theme of school life, using words with prefixes pre- and pre-.
3. Reflection.
