The moon has been accompanying our planet on its great cosmic journey for several billion years now. And she shows us, earthlings, from century to century always the same lunar landscape. Why do we admire only one side of our satellite? Does the moon rotate on its axis, or does it float motionless in outer space?
Characteristics of our space neighbor
The solar system has satellites much larger than the moon. Ganymede is a moon of Jupiter, for example, twice as heavy as the Moon. But on the other hand, it is the largest satellite relative to the mother planet. Its mass is more than a percent of the earth's, and its diameter is about a quarter of the earth's. There are no more such proportions in the solar family of planets.
Let's try to answer the question of whether the Moon rotates around its axis by looking more closely at our nearest space neighbor. According to the theory accepted today in scientific circles, our planet acquired a natural satellite while still a protoplanet - not completely cooled down, covered with an ocean of liquid hot lava, as a result of a collision with another planet, smaller in size. Therefore, the chemical compositions of the lunar and terrestrial soils are slightly different - the heavy cores of the colliding planets have merged, which is why the terrestrial rocks are richer in iron. The moon got the remains of the upper layers of both protoplanets, there is more stone.
Does the moon rotate
To be precise, the question of whether the Moon rotates is not entirely correct. After all, like any satellite in our system, it turns around the parent planet and, together with it, circles around the star. But, the moon is not quite usual.
No matter how you look at the Moon, it is always turned towards us by Tycho Crater and the Sea of Tranquility. "Does the moon rotate on its axis?" – from century to century earthlings asked themselves a question. Strictly speaking, if we operate with geometric concepts, the answer depends on the chosen coordinate system. Relative to the Earth, the axial rotation of the Moon is indeed absent.
But from the point of view of an observer located on the Sun-Earth line, the axial rotation of the Moon will be clearly visible, and one polar revolution up to a fraction of a second will be equal in duration to the orbital one.
Interestingly, this phenomenon in the solar system is not unique. So, Pluto's satellite Charon always looks at its planet with one side, the satellites of Mars - Deimos and Phobos - behave in the same way.
In scientific language, this is called synchronous rotation or tidal capture.
What is a tide?
In order to understand the essence of this phenomenon and confidently answer the question of whether the Moon rotates around its own axis, it is necessary to analyze the essence of tidal phenomena.
Imagine two mountains on the surface of the Moon, one of which "looks" directly at the Earth, the other is located at the opposite point of the lunar ball. Obviously, if both mountains were not part of the same celestial body, but rotated around our planet independently, their rotation could not be synchronous, the one that is closer, according to the laws of Newtonian mechanics, should rotate faster. That is why the masses of the lunar ball, located at points opposite to the Earth, tend to "run away from each other."
How the moon "stopped"
How tidal forces act on this or that celestial body, it is convenient to disassemble on the example of our own planet. After all, we also revolve around the Moon, or rather the Moon and the Earth, as it should be in astrophysics, "dance" around the physical center of mass.
As a result of the action of tidal forces, both at the nearest and at the most distant point from the satellite, the level of water covering the Earth rises. Moreover, the maximum amplitude of the ebb and flow can reach 15 meters or more.
Another feature of this phenomenon is that these tidal "humps" daily go around the surface of the planet against its rotation, creating friction at points 1 and 2, and thus slowly stop the globe in its rotation.
The impact of the Earth on the Moon is much stronger due to the difference in masses. And although there is no ocean on the Moon, tidal forces act just as well on rocks. And the result of their work is evident.
So does the moon rotate on its axis? The answer is positive. But this rotation is closely related to the movement around the planet. Tidal forces over millions of years have aligned the axial rotation of the Moon with the orbital.
But what about the Earth?
Astrophysicists claim that immediately after the big collision that caused the formation of the Moon, the rotation of our planet was much greater than it is now. Days lasted no more than five hours. But as a result of the friction of tidal waves on the ocean floor, year after year, millennium after millennium, the rotation slowed down, and the current day lasts for 24 hours.
On average, every century adds 20-40 seconds to our days. Scientists suggest that in a couple of billion years, our planet will look at the Moon in the same way as the Moon looks at it, that is, on one side. True, this, most likely, will not happen, since even earlier the Sun, having turned into a red giant, will “swallow” both the Earth and its faithful companion, the Moon.
By the way, tidal forces give earthlings not only an increase and decrease in the level of the world's oceans near the equator. By affecting the masses of metals in the earth's core, deforming the hot center of our planet, the Moon helps to keep it in a liquid state. And thanks to the active liquid core, our planet has its own magnetic field that protects the entire biosphere from the deadly solar wind and deadly cosmic rays.
The most unexplored object in the solar system
Introduction.
The moon is a special object in the solar system. It has its own UFOs, the Earth lives according to the lunar calendar. The main object of worship for Muslims.
No one has ever been to the moon (the arrival of the Americans on the moon is a cartoon filmed on Earth).
1. Glossary
| Light | electromagnetic wave perceived by the eye | (4 – 7.5)*10 14 Hz (lambda = 400-700 nm) | ||
| Light year | Distance traveled by light in a year | 0.3068 parsec = 9.4605*10 15 m | ||
| Parsec (ps) | The distance from which the mean radius of the earth's orbit (1 AU), perpendicular to the angle of view, is visible at an angle of 1 second | 206265 AU \u003d 31 * 10 15 m | ||
| diameter of our galaxy | 25000 parsec | |||
| Radius of the Universe | 4*10 26 m | |||
| Sidereal month (S) | This is a sidereal month - the period of movement of the Moon in the sky relative to the stars (a complete revolution around the Earth) | 27.32166 = 27 days 7 hours 43 minutes | ||
| Sidereal year (T) | The period of revolution of the earth around the sun | |||
| Synodic month (P) Saros cycle, or METON | ST = PT - PS phase change | 29.53059413580..29 d 12 h 51 m 36″ | ||
| Dragon Month (D) | The period of the Moon's revolution relative to the nodes of its orbit, i.e. the points of intersection of its ecliptic plane | 27.21222 = 27 days 5 hours 5 minutes | ||
| Anomaly month (A) | The period of revolution of the Moon relative to perigee, the point of its orbit closest to the earth | 27.55455 = 27 days 13 hours 18 minutes | ||
| The line of nodes of the lunar orbit slowly rotates towards the motion of the moon, making a complete revolution in 18.6 years, while the major axis of the lunar orbit rotates in the same direction as the moon moves, with a period of 8.85 years | ||||
| APEX (direction of the Sun) | Lambda-Hercules, located above the main plane of the star system (offset 6 pc) | |||
| Outer boundary of the solar system (Hill's sphere) |
1 pc \u003d 2 * 10 5 a.u. |
|||
| The boundary of the solar system (Pluto's orbit) | ||||
| Astonomical unit - the distance of the Earth from the Sun (AU) | ||||
| S.S. distance from the central plane of the Galaxy | ||||
| Linear speed of movement S.S. around the galactic center | ||||
SUN
| Radius | 6.96*105 km | |
| Perimeter | 43.73096973*10 5 km | |
| Diameter | 13.92*105 km | |
| Acceleration of free fall at the level of the visible surface | 270 m/s 2 | |
| Average rotation period (Earth days) | 25,38 | |
| Tilt of the equator to the ecliptic | 7,25 0 | |
| solar wind range | 100 a.u. |
3 moons have arrived. 2 Moons are destroyed by a planet (Phaeton) that blew itself up. Parameters of the remaining Moon:
|
Encyclopedia |
||
| Orbit - elliptical | ||
| Eccentricity | ||
| Radius R | ||
| Diameter | ||
| Circumference (perimeter) |
10920.0692497 km |
|
| apogelion | ||
| Perihelion | ||
| Average distance | ||
| Barycenter of the Earth-Moon system from the Earth's center of mass | ||
| Distance between the centers of the Earth and the Moon: Apogelion - Perigee - |
379564.3 km, angle 38 ‘ 384640 km, angle 36' |
|
| Inclination of the plane of the orbit (toward the plane of the ecliptic) |
5 0 08 ‘ 43.4 “ |
|
| Orbital average speed |
1.023 km/s (3683 km/h) |
|
| The daily speed of the apparent movement of the moon among the stars | ||
| Period of orbital motion (sidereal month) = Period of axial rotation |
27.32166 days |
|
| Change of phases (Synodic month) |
29.5305941358 days |
|
| The equator of the moon has a constant inclination to the plane of the ecliptic |
1 0 32 ‘ 47 “ |
|
| Libration in longitude | ||
| Libration by latitude | ||
| The observed surface of the moon | ||
| Angular radius (from Earth) of the visible disk of the Moon (at an average distance) |
31 ‘ 05.16 “ |
|
| Surface area |
3.796* 10 7 km 2 |
|
| Volume |
2.199*10 10 km 3 |
|
| Weight |
7.35*10 19 t (1/81.30 from m. W.) |
|
| Average density | ||
| From the moon to the corner of the earth | ||
| The density of the ionic structure is uniform and is |
2. The composition of the ionic structure includes ionic formations of almost the entire table of ionic structures of the cubic structure with a predominance of S (sulfur) and radioactive rare earth elements. The surface of the Moon is formed by sputtering followed by heating.
There is nothing on the surface of the moon.
The moon has two surfaces - outer and inner.
The outer surface area is 120 * 10 6 km 2 (Moon code - complex N 120), the inner surface is 116 * 10 10 m 2 (code mask).
The side facing the Earth is 184 km thinner.
The center of gravity is located behind the geometric center.
All complexes are reliably protected and do not detect themselves even during operation.
At the moment of the impulse (radiation), the speed of rotation or the orbit of the Moon may not change significantly. Compensation - due to the directed radiation of octave 43. This octave coincides with the octave of the Earth's grid and does no harm.
The complexes on the Moon are designed primarily to maintain autonomous life support, and secondly, to provide (in the case of an excess of charge equivalent) life support systems on Earth.
The main task is not to change the albedo of the Solar System, and due to the difference characteristics, taking into account the correction of the orbit, this task has been completed.
Geometrically, the pyramids of correction are ideally inscribed in the existing law of form, which makes it possible to withstand a 28.5-day tact of changing the sequence of radiations (the so-called phases of the moon), which completed the construction of the complexes.
There are 4 phases in total. The full moon has a radiation power of 1, the other phases are 3/4, 1/2, 1/4. Each phase is 6.25 days, 4 days no radiation.
The clock frequency of all octaves (except 54) is 128.0, but the clock frequency density is low, and therefore the brightness in the optical range is negligible.
Orbit correction uses a clock frequency of 53.375. But this frequency can change the lattice of the upper atmosphere, and a diffraction effect can be observed.
In particular, from the Earth, the number of Moons can be 3, 6, 12, 24, 36. This effect can last for a maximum of 4 hours, after which the grid is restored at the expense of the Earth.
A long-term correction (if the albedo of the Solar System is disturbed) can lead to an optical illusion, but in this case, the protection layer can be eliminated.
3. Metric of space
Introduction.
It is known that atomic clocks installed on top of a skyscraper and in its basement show different times. Any space is connected with time, and when establishing the range and trajectory, it is necessary to present not only the final destination, but also the features of overcoming this path in conditions of changing fundamental constants. All aspects related to time will be given in the “time metric”.
The purpose of this chapter is to determine the real values of some fundamental constants, such as the parsec. In addition, taking into account the special role of the Moon in the life support system of the Earth, we will clarify some concepts that remain outside the scope of scientific research, for example, the libration of the Moon, when not 50% of the Moon's surface is visible from the Earth, but 59%. Note also the spatial orientation of the Earth.
4. The role of the moon.
Science knows the huge role of the Moon in the life support system of the Earth. Let's just give some examples.
- At full moon partial weakening of the Earth's gravity leads to the fact that plants absorb more water and trace elements from the soil, therefore, the medicinal herbs collected at this time have a particularly strong effect.
The Moon, due to its proximity to the Earth, strongly affects the Earth's biosphere with its gravitational field and causes, in particular, changes in the Earth's magnetic field. The rhythm of the Moon, the tides and the tides cause changes in the biosphere at night, in air pressure, in temperature, in the action of the wind and the Earth's magnetic field, and in the water level.
Plant growth and harvest depend on the stellar rhythm of the Moon (period of 27.3 days), and the activity of animals hunting at night or in the evening depends on the degree of brightness of the Moon.
- With the waning of the moon, the growth of plants decreased, when the moon arrived, it increased.
- The full moon affects the growth of crime (aggressiveness) in people.
The time of maturation of the egg in women is associated with the rhythm of the moon. A woman tends to produce an egg in the phase of the moon when she was born herself.
- During the full moon and new moon, the number of women with menstruation reaches 100%.
- During the waning phase, the number of boys born increases and the number of girls decreases.
- Weddings are usually held during the rising of the moon.
- When the Moon was growing, they sowed what grows above the surface of the Earth, when it was decreasing - vice versa (tubers, roots).
- Lumberjacks cut trees during the waning moon, because the tree contains it time less moisture and longer does not rot.
With the full moon and new moon, there is a tendency to reduce uric acid in the blood, the 4th day after the new moon is the lowest.
- Full moon vaccinations are doomed to fail.
- With a full moon, lung diseases, whooping cough, and allergies worsen.
- Color vision in humans is subject to the lunar periodicity..
- With a full moon - increased activity, with a new moon - reduced.
- It is customary to cut your hair during the full moon.
- Easter - the first Sunday after the spring equinox, the first day
Full moon.
There are hundreds of such examples, but the fact that the Moon significantly affects all aspects of life on Earth can be seen from the above examples. What do we know about the moon? This is what is given in the tables for the solar system.
It is also known that the Moon does not "lie" in the plane of the Earth's orbit:
The actual purpose of the Moon, the features of its structure, purpose are given in the appendix, and then questions arise in time and space - how much everything is consistent with the actual state of the Earth as an integral part of the Solar System.
Let's consider the state of the main astronomical unit - the parsec, based on the data available to modern science.
5. Astronomical unit of measurement.
For 1 year, the Earth, moving along the orbit of Kepler, returns to its starting point. The eccentricity of the Earth's orbit is known - apohelion and perihelion. Based on the exact value of the Earth's velocity (29.765 km/sec), the distance to the Sun was determined.
29.765 * 365.25 * 24 * 3600 = 939311964 km is the length of the journey per year.
Hence, the radius of the orbit (excluding eccentricity) = 149496268,4501 km, or 149.5 million km. This value is taken as the basic astronomical unit - parsec .
The whole Cosmos is measured in this unit.
6. The actual value of the astronomical unit of distance.
If we leave out that it is necessary to take the distance from the Earth to the Sun as an astronomical unit of distance, then its value is somewhat different. Two values are known: the absolute velocity of the Earth's motion V = 29.765 km/sec and the angle of inclination of the Earth's equator to the ecliptic = 23 0 26 ‘ 38 “ , or 23.44389 0 . To question these two values, calculated with absolute accuracy over centuries of observation, is to destroy everything that is known about the Cosmos.
Now it's time to reveal some secrets that were already known, but no one paid attention to them. This is, first of all, what The Earth moves in space in a spiral, not in Kepler's orbit . It is known that the Sun moves, but it moves along with the entire System, which means that the Earth moves in a spiral. The second is that the solar system itself is in the field of action of the gravitational benchmark . What it is will be shown below.
It is known that the center of the Earth's gravitational mass is shifted towards the South Pole by 221.6 km. However, the Earth is moving in the opposite direction. If the Earth were simply moving along the orbit of Kepler, according to all the laws of motion of the gravitational mass, the movement would be forward the South Pole, not the North.
The top does not work here due to the fact that the inertial mass would take a normal position - the South Pole in the direction of motion.
However, any top can rotate with a displaced gravitational mass only in one case - when the axis of rotation is strictly perpendicular to the plane.
But the spinning top is affected not only by the resistance of the medium (vacuum), the pressure of all radiation from the Sun, the mutual gravitational pressure of other structures of the Solar System. Therefore, the angle equal to 23 0 26 ‘ 38 ” is precisely taking into account all external influences, including the influence of the gravitational benchmark. The Moon's orbit has an inverse angle to the Earth's orbit, and this, as will be shown below, does not correlate with the calculated constants. Imagine a cylinder on which a spiral is “wound”. Spiral pitch = 23 0 26 ‘ 38 “. The radius of the spiral is equal to the radius of the cylinder. Let's expand one turn of this spiral onto a plane:
 |
The distance from point O to point A (apogee and apogee) is 939311964 km.
Then the length of the Kepler orbit: OB = OA*cos 23.44839 = 861771884.6384 km, hence the distance from the center of the Earth to the center of the Sun will be equal to 137155371,108 km, that is, somewhat less than the known value (by 12344629 km) - by almost 9%. Is it a lot or a little, let's look at a simple example. Let the speed of light in vacuum be 300,000 km/sec. With a value of 1 parsec = 149.5 million km, the time of passage of the Sun's ray from the Sun to the Earth is 498 seconds, with a value of 1 parsec = 137.155 million km, this time will be 457 seconds, that is, 41 a second less.
This difference of almost 1 minute is of tremendous importance, since, firstly, all distances in space change, and secondly, the clock interval of life support systems is violated, and the accumulated or unreached power of life support systems can lead to a breakdown in the operation of the system itself.
7. Gravitational reference.
It is known that the plane of the ecliptic has an inclination relative to the lines of force of the gravitational reference point, but the direction of motion is perpendicular to these lines of force.
8. Libration of the Moon. Consider the refined scheme of the Moon's orbit:
Given that the Earth moves in a spiral, as well as the direct effect of the gravitational reference point, this reference also has a direct effect on the Moon, as can be seen from the angle calculation scheme.
9. Practical use of the “parsec” constant.
As shown earlier, the value of the parsec constant differs significantly from the value that is used in everyday practice. Let's look at a few examples of how this value can be used.
9.1. Time control.
As you know, any event on Earth occurs in time. In addition, it is known that any space object with a non-inertial mass has its own time, which is provided by a high octave clock generator. For the Earth it is 128 octaves, and the beat = 1 second (the biological beat is slightly different - Earth's colliders give a beat of 1.0007 seconds). The inertial mass has a lifetime determined by the density of the charge equivalent and its value in the connection of ionic structures. Any non-inertial mass has a magnetic field, and the decay rate of the magnetic field is determined by the decay time of the upper structure and the need for lower (ionic) structures in this decay. For the Earth, taking into account its Universal scale, a single time is accepted, which is measured in seconds, and time is a function of the space that the Earth passes through in one complete revolution, progressively moving in a spiral after the Sun.
In this case, there must be some structure that cuts off the “0” time and, relative to this time, perform certain manipulations with life support systems. Without such a structure, it is impossible to ensure both the stability of the life support system itself and the system's communications.
Previously, the motion of the Earth was considered, and it was deduced that the radius of the Earth's orbit is significant (by 12344629 km) differs from that accepted in all known calculations.
If we take the speed of propagation of the gravito-magneto-electrowave in the Cosmos V = 300,000 km/sec, then this orbital difference will give 41.15 sec.
There is no doubt that only this value will make significant adjustments not only to the problems of solving life support problems, but it is extremely important - to communication, that is, messages simply may not reach their destination, which other civilizations can take advantage of.
From here - it is necessary to understand what a huge role the time function plays even in non-inertial systems, so let's consider once again what is well known to everyone.
9.2. Autonomous structures for the control of coordination systems.
Unusually - but the pyramid of Cheops in El Giza (Egypt) - 31 0 east longitude and 30 0 north latitude should be attributed to the system of coordination.
The total path of the Earth in one revolution is 939311964 km, then the projection onto the Kepler orbit: 939311964 * cos(25.25) 0 = 849565539,0266.
Radius R ref = 135212669.2259 km. The difference between the initial and current state is 14287330.77412 km, that is, the projection of the Earth's orbit has changed by t= 47.62443591374 sec. Much or little depends on the purpose of the control systems and the duration of communication.
10. Initial benchmark.
The location of the initial benchmark is 37 0 30 'East longitude and 54 0 22 '30 "North latitude. The inclination of the benchmark axis is 3 0 37 ‘ 30 “ to the North Pole. Reference direction: 90 0 – 54 0 22 ‘ 30 “ – 3 0 37 ‘ 30 = 32 0 .
Using the Star Map, we find that the original benchmark is directed to the constellation Ursa Major, the star Megrets(4th star). Consequently, the original benchmark was created already in the presence of the Moon. Note that it is this star that astronomers are most interested in (see N. Morozov “Christ”). In addition, this star is named after Yu. Luzhkov (there were no other stars).
11. Orientation.
The third remark is the lunar cycles. As you know, the non-Julian calendar (Meton) has 13 months, but if we give a complete table of optimal days (Easter), we will see a serious shift that was not taken into account in the calculations. This offset, expressed in seconds, takes the desired date far from the optimal point.
 |
Consider the following scheme: After the appearance of the Moon, due to a change in the angle of inclination of the equator by 1 0 48 ‘22 “, the Earth’s orbit shifted. While maintaining the position of the initial benchmark, which today no longer determines anything, only the original benchmark remains, but what will be shown below may at first glance seem like a small misunderstanding that can be easily corrected. However, here lies something that is able to bring any life support system to collapse. The first relates, as mentioned earlier, to the change in the time of the Earth's motion from apogee to apogee. The second is that the Moon, as observations have shown, tends to change the correction term with time, and this can be seen from the table: It was previously stated that the Moon's orbit in relation to the Earth's orbit has an inclination: |
|
Group A corners:
5 0 18 ‘58.42’ – apoglia,
5 0 17 ‘24.84’ – perihelion
Group B corners:
4 0 56 ‘58.44’ – apogelion,
4 0 58 ‘01 “- perihelion
However, introducing a correction term, we obtain other values for the Moon's orbit.
12. CONNECTION
Energy characteristics:
Transmission: EI \u003d 1.28 * 10 -2 volt * m 2; MI \u003d 4.84 * 10 -8 volt / m 3;
These two rows define only the alphabetic group and sign of the character system, and not all angles are always used.
When using all angles, the power is increased by 16 times.
8-digit alphabet is used for encoding:
DO RE MI FA SOL LA SI NA.
The main tones do not have a sign, i.e. The 54th octave determines the main tone. The separator is 62 octaves of potential. Between two adjacent corners there is an additional breakdown of 8, so one corner contains the entire alphabet. The positive row is intended for coding commands, orders and instructions (coding table), the negative row contains textual information (table - dictionary).
In this case, the 22-sign alphabet known on Earth is used.. 3 angles are used in a row, the last characters of the last angle are a period and a comma. The more significant the text, the higher octaves of angles are used.
Message text:
1. Code signal - 64 characters + 64 gaps (fa). repeat 6 times
2. Message text - 64 characters + 64 gaps and repeat 6 times, if the text is urgent, then 384 characters, the rest - gaps (384) and no repetitions.
3. Text key - 64 characters + 64 gaps (repeated 6 times).
Given the presence of gaps, a mathematical cord of the Fibonacci series is superimposed on the received or transmitted texts, and the text flow is continuous.
The second mathematical cord cuts off the redshift.
According to the second code signal, the type of cutoff is set and the reception (transmission) is carried out automatically.
The total length of the message is 2304 characters,
reception-transmission time - 38 minutes 24 seconds.
Comment. The main tone is not always 1 character. When repeating a character (urgent execution mode), an additional row is used:
Command line tableCommand repetition table
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53.00000000 |
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53.12501250 |
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53.25002500 |
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53.37503750 |
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53.50005000 |
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53.62506250 |
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53.75007500 |
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53.87508750 |
Messages were decoded automatically using a conversion table in accordance with the frequency parameters of the spine, if the commands were intended for people. This is the full 2nd octave of the piano, 12 characters, a table 12 * 12, in which Hebrew was placed until 1266, English until 2006, and from Easter 2007 - the Russian alphabet (33 letters).
The table contains numbers (12th number system), signs like “+”, “$” and others, as well as service symbols, including code masks.
13. There are 4 complexes inside the Moon:
|
Complex |
pyramids |
Octave A |
Octaves |
Octave C |
Octave D |
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|
changeable geometry (all frequency sets) |
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|
fixed geometry |
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|
fixed geometry |
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|
fixed geometry |
|||||||
Octaves A - produced by the pyramids themselves
Octaves B - receive from the Earth (Sun - *)
Octaves C - are in the tube of communication with the Earth
Octaves D - are in the tube of communication with the Sun
14. Luminosity of the Moon.
When the Programs are dropped to the Earth, a halo is observed - rings around the Moon (always in phase III).
15. Archive of the Moon.
However, its capabilities are limited - the complex consisted of 3 Moons, 2 were destroyed (the meteorite belt is a former planet in which the Control System blew itself up along with all the objects (UFOs) that got to the secrets of the existence of the planetary system.
At a certain time, the remnants of the planet in the form of meteorites fall on the Earth, and mainly on the Sun, creating black spots on it.
16. Easter.
All Earth Control Systems are synchronized according to the clock set by the Sun, taking into account the movement of the Moon. The movement of the Moon around the Earth is the Synodic month (P) of the Saros cycle, or METON. Calculation - according to the formula ST = PT -PS. Calculated value = 29.53059413580.. or 29 d 12 h 51 m 36″.
The population of the Earth is divided into 3 genotypes: 42 (the main population, more than 5 billion people), 44 (“golden billion”, having a brain brought from the satellites of the planets) and 46 (“golden million”, 1,200,000 people dropped from the planet Sun) .
Note that the Sun is a planet, not a Star, its size does not exceed the size of the Earth. To transfer genotype 42 to 44 and 46, there is Easter, or a certain day when the Moon resets the Programs. Until 2009, all Easters were held only in the third phase of the moon.
By 2009, the formation of genotypes 44 and 46 is completed and genotype 42 can be destroyed, therefore Easter 2009-04-19 will take place on a new moon (phase I), and the Earth's Control Systems will destroy genotype 42 in the conditions of removal of the remains of the brain by the Moon. 3 years are allotted for destruction (2012 - completion). Previously, there was a weekly cycle starting on 9 Ab, during which everyone who had their old brain removed, but the new one did not fit, was destroyed (holocaust). Calendar structure:
Control Systems work according to Meton, but on Earth (in churches, churches, synagogues) they use the Julian or Gregorian calendar, which take into account only the movement of the Earth (the average value for 4 years is 365.25 days).
The full cycle (19 years) of Meton and 19 years of the Gregorian calendar roughly coincide (within hours). Therefore, knowing Meton and combining it with the Gregorian calendar, you can joyfully meet your transformation.
17. Objects of the Moon (UFO).
All "sleepwalkers" are inside the moon. The atmosphere of the Moon is necessary only for control, and existence in this atmosphere without means of protection is impossible.
To control the surface and atmosphere, the Moon has its own objects (UFOs). These are mostly machine guns, but some of them are manned.
The maximum lifting height does not exceed 2 km from the surface. “Sleepwalkers” are not intended for life on Earth, they have quite comfortable conditions for work and recreation. In total, there are 242 objects (36 types) on the Moon, of which 16 are manned. Similar objects are available on some satellites (and on Phobos too).
18. Protection of the Moon.
The moon is the only satellite that has a connection with Sur, a planet under Megrets, the 4th star of Ursa Major.
19. Long-distance communication system.
The communication system is on the 84th octave, but this octave is formed by the Earth. Communication with Sur requires huge energy costs (octave 53.5). Communication is possible only after the spring equinox, for 3 months. The speed of light is a relative value (relative to 128 octaves) and therefore, relative to 84 octaves, the speed is 2 20 lower. In one session, 216 characters (including service ones) can be transmitted. Communication - only after the completion of the cycle according to Meton. The number of sessions is 1. The next session is in about 11.4 years, while the energy supply of the solar system drops by 30%.
20. Let's return to the phases of the moon.
Number 1 = new moon,
2 = young month (while the diameter of the Earth is approximately equal to the diameter of the Moon),
3 = first quarter (diameter of the Earth is greater than the actual diameter of the Earth),
4 = The moon was sawn in half. The physical encyclopedia states that this is an angle of 90 0 (Sun - Moon - Earth). But this angle can exist for 3-4 hours, but we see this state for 3 days.
Number 5 - what shape of the Earth gives such a "reflection"?
Note that the Moon revolves around the Earth and, according to the encyclopedia, we should observe the change of all 10 phases within one day.
The Moon does not reflect anything, and if the Moon Complexes are switched off due to the elimination of a number of frequencies in the Moon-Earth communication tube, then we will no longer see the Moon. In addition, the elimination of some gravitational frequencies in the Moon-Earth communication tube will move the Moon in the conditions of non-working Lunar Complexes to a distance of at least 1 million km.
The Earth is often and not without reason called the double planet Earth-Moon. The moon (Selene, in Greek mythology, the goddess of the moon), our celestial neighbor, was the first to be directly studied.
The Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth, located at a distance of 384 thousand km (60 Earth radii) from it. The average radius of the moon is 1738 km (almost 4 times less than the earth). The mass of the Moon is 1/81 of the mass of the Earth, which is much larger than similar ratios for other planets in the solar system (except for the Pluto-Charon pair); Therefore, the Earth-Moon system is considered a double planet. It has a common center of gravity - the so-called barycenter, which is located in the body of the Earth at a distance of 0.73 radii from its center (1700 km from the surface of the Ocean). Both components of the system revolve around this center, and it is the barycenter that orbits around the Sun. The average density of the lunar substance is 3.3 g/cm 3 (the earth's is 5.5 g/cm 3). The volume of the Moon is 50 times smaller than the Earth. The force of lunar attraction is 6 times weaker than that of the earth. The moon rotates around its axis, which is why it is slightly flattened at the poles. The axis of rotation of the Moon makes an angle of 83 ° 22 with the plane of the lunar orbit. The plane of the Moon's orbit does not coincide with the plane of the Earth's orbit and is inclined to it at an angle of 5 ° 9 ". The places where the orbits of the Earth and the Moon intersect are called the nodes of the lunar orbit.
The orbit of the Moon is an ellipse, in one of the focuses of which is the Earth, so the distance from the Moon to the Earth varies from 356 to 406 thousand km. The period of the orbital revolution of the Moon and, accordingly, the same position of the Moon on the celestial sphere is called the sidereal (stellar) month (Latin sidus, sideris (genus) - star). It is 27.3 Earth days. The sidereal month coincides with the period of the daily rotation of the Moon around its axis due to their identical angular velocity (about 13.2 ° per day), which was established due to the decelerating effect of the Earth. Due to the synchronism of these movements, the Moon always faces us with one side. However, we see almost 60% of its surface due to libration - the apparent swaying of the Moon up and down (due to the mismatch of the planes of the lunar and Earth orbits and the inclination of the axis of rotation of the Moon to the orbit) and left-to-right (due to the fact that the Earth is in one of the focuses of the lunar orbit, and the visible hemisphere of the Moon looks at the center of the ellipse).
When moving around the Earth, the Moon takes different positions relative to the Sun. Associated with this are the various phases of the moon, that is, the different forms of its visible part. The main four phases: new moon, first quarter, full moon, last quarter. The line on the surface of the moon that separates the illuminated part of the moon from the unlit part is called the terminator.
At the new moon, the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth and is facing the Earth with its unlit side, therefore it is invisible. During the first quarter, the Moon is visible from the Earth at an angular distance of 90° from the Sun, and the sun's rays illuminate only the right half of the side of the Moon facing the Earth. During a full moon, the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon, the hemisphere of the Moon facing the Earth is brightly illuminated by the Sun, and the Moon is visible as a full disk. In the last quarter, the Moon is again visible from the Earth at an angular distance of 90 ° from the Sun, and the sun's rays illuminate the left half of the visible side of the Moon. In the intervals between these main phases, the Moon is seen either in the form of a crescent, or as an incomplete disk.
The period of a complete change of lunar phases, i.e., the period of the return of the Moon to its original position relative to the Sun and the Earth, is called the synodic month. It averages 29.5 mean solar days. During the synodic month on the Moon, once there is a change of day and night, the duration of which is = 14.7 days. The synodic month is more than two days longer than the sidereal month. This is the result of the fact that the direction of the axial rotation of the Earth and the Moon coincides with the direction of the Moon's orbital motion. When the Moon makes a complete revolution around the Earth in 27.3 days, the Earth will move about 27 ° in its orbit around the Sun, since its angular orbital velocity is about 1 ° per day. In this case, the Moon will take the same position among the stars, but will not be in the full moon phase, since for this it needs to move along its orbit by another 27 ° behind the "escaped" Earth. Since the angular velocity of the Moon is approximately 13.2° per day, it overcomes this distance in about two days and additionally advances another 2° behind the moving Earth. As a result, the synodic month is more than two days longer than the sidereal month. Although the Moon moves around the Earth from west to east, its apparent movement in the sky occurs from east to west due to the high speed of the Earth's rotation compared to the orbital motion of the Moon. At the same time, during the upper culmination (the highest point of its path in the sky), the Moon shows the direction of the meridian (north - south), which can be used for approximate orientation on the ground. And since the upper culmination of the Moon at different phases occurs at different hours of the day: at the first quarter - about 18 hours, during the full moon - at midnight, at the last quarter - about 6 hours in the morning (local time), this can also be used for a rough estimate of the time at night.
The moon does not rotate on its axis, does it? For many years, scientists have been arguing on this topic, but they do not find an answer that would satisfy everyone. Everyone puts forward their own hypotheses and tries to prove them. To date, there is a controversial situation on this issue.
moon shape
The study of the surface of the moon is of great interest in the scientific community. Its study is carried out by some together with the Earth, considering it as one whole system.
When the Moon makes its move around the Earth, its position relative to the Sun also changes. The same side always faces our planet. The line that separates the halves is called the terminator. Since the Moon is a satellite, it moves in an orbit, the shape of which is ellipsoid.
During its journey around the Sun, the illuminated side of the Moon appears to change shape. However, the celestial body always remains round, and due to a change in the angle of incidence of the sun's rays on the surface, it seems that its shape has changed. During the month, the Moon is visible from the Earth in several different angles. The main ones are:
- new moon;
- first quarter;
- full moon;
- last quarter.
During the new moon, the moon is not visible in the sky, since this phase corresponds to the location of the satellite between the Sun and the Earth. Light from the Sun does not hit the Moon and, accordingly, does not bounce off, so half of it, visible from the Earth, is not illuminated.
In the first quarter, the right half of the Moon is illuminated by the Sun, since it is at an angular distance of 90 ° from the star. In the last quarter, the situation is similar, only the left part is illuminated.
Coming to the fourth phase - the full moon, the Moon is in opposition to the Sun, so it completely reflects the light falling on it, and the entire illuminated half is visible from the Earth.
Earth
Back in the 16th century, it was proved that the Earth has its own rotation. However, how it began and what preceded it is unknown. There are several theories about this. For example, during the formation of planets, dust clouds connected and founded the planet, at the same time they attracted others with these bodies and could set them in motion, and then it happened by inertia. This is one of the hypotheses that has not found a clear confirmation. In this regard, another question arises: why does the moon not rotate around its axis? Let's try to answer.
Types of rotation of the moon
A prerequisite for the fact that the body can rotate around its own axis is the presence of this axis, but the Moon does not have it. The proof of this is presented in this form: The moon is a body that we will break into a large number of points. During rotation, these points will describe the trajectories in the form of concentric circles. That is, it turns out that they are all involved in the rotation. And in the presence of an axis, some points would remain motionless, and the side visible from the Earth would change. This doesn't happen.
In other words, there are no centrifugal forces directed towards the center on the satellite, and therefore the Moon does not rotate.
The movement of a celestial body
Proving the moon's own rotation, scientists use various research methods. One of them remains the consideration of motion relative to the stars.
They are taken for motionless bodies, from which the countdown is conducted. Using this method, it turns out that the satellite has its own rotation relative to the stars. In this version, when asked why the Moon does not rotate around its axis, the answer will be that it rotates. However, this observation is incorrect. Since the centripetal control of the Moon is determined by the Earth, then it is necessary to study the possibilities of a celestial body relative to the Earth.
Orbit or trajectory
To understand, consider such concepts as "orbit" and "trajectory". They differ.
- closed and curve;
- shape - round or ellipsoid;
- lies in the same plane;
Trajectory:
- a curve that has a beginning and an end;
- straight or curvilinear;
- is in one plane or in three dimensions.
Why doesn't the moon rotate on its axis? It is known that the body can take part in only two types of movement at the same time. The Moon has these two admissible types: around the Earth and around the Sun. Accordingly, there can be no other types of rotation.
If you look at the trajectory of the Moon from the Earth, we will see a complex curve.
The presence of the orbit is regulated, however, it can change if the orbit changes - it is described by the laws of physics, the trajectory - by the laws of mathematics.
Earth-Moon system
In some manuals, the Moon and the Earth are a single whole system. Mathematically, their common center of mass is calculated, which does not coincide with the center of the Earth, and it is argued that there is a rotation around it. However, from the point of view of astrophysics, there is no rotation around this center, which can be seen by observing the Moon and the Earth through special modern equipment.
Why doesn't the moon rotate on its axis? Is it true? The rotation of a celestial body is spin-spin and spin-orbital. The Moon performs a rotational spin-orbital motion around an axis passing through the center of the Earth.
People on Earth see one side of the Moon all the time, and it doesn't change. For practical proof, you can conduct an experiment with a small weight.
Take a weight, tie it to a rope and twist it. In this case, the weight will be the Moon, and the person holding the other end of the rope will be the Earth. Rotating a weight around him, a person sees only one side of it, that is, people on Earth see one side of the Moon. A second person approaching, standing at a distance, will see all sides of the weight, despite the fact that it does not rotate around its axis. The same thing happens with the Moon, it does not rotate around its axis.
space age
For a long time, scientists studied only the visible side of the moon. There was no way to know what the opposite looked like. But with the development of the space age in the middle of the 20th century, humanity was able to see the other side.
As it turned out, the lunar hemispheres are strikingly different from each other. Thus, the surface of the side facing the Earth is covered with basalt spoons, and the surface of the second hemisphere is dotted with craters. These differences are still of interest to scientists. It is believed that many years ago the Earth had two satellites, one of which collided with the Moon and left such imprints on its surface.
Conclusion
The moon - whose behavior has not been precisely studied. Why doesn't the moon rotate on its axis? This question has been asked by many scientists for several years and they do not find the right answer unambiguously. Some scientists are sure that rotation still exists, but it is invisible to people, because the periods of rotation of the Moon around its axis and around the Earth coincide. Other scientists deny this fact and recognize the revolution of the Moon only around the Sun and the Earth.
The question of why the Moon does not rotate around its axis was considered in this article, and proved with the help of an example (about a weight).
In very ancient times, people did not have a correct idea about the shape and size of our planet and about what place it occupies in space. Now we know that the physical surface of the Earth, which is a combination of land and water spaces, is geometrically very complex; it cannot be represented by any of the known and mathematically studied geometric figures. On the surface of the Earth, seas and oceans occupy about 71%, and land - about 29%; the highest mountains and the greatest depths of the oceans, compared with the size of the whole earth, are negligible. So, for example, on a globe with a diameter of 60 cm, Mount Everest with a height of approximately 8840 m will be depicted as just a grain of 0.25 mm. Therefore, a body limited by the surface of the oceans, which is in a calm state, mentally continued under all continents, is taken as the general - theoretical - form of the Earth. This surface is called geoid(geo is Greek for "earth"). In the first approximation, the figure of the Earth is considered ellipsoid of revolution(spheroid) - a surface formed as a result of the rotation of an ellipse around its axis.
The dimensions of the terrestrial spheroid were repeatedly determined, but the most fundamental of them were established in 1940 in the USSR by F.N. Krasovsky (1873–1948) and A.A. Izotov (1907–1988): with the Earth's axis of rotation, b\u003d 6356.86 km, and the major semi-axis, perpendicular to the minor axis and lying in the plane of the earth's equator, a= 6378.24 km.
Attitude α = (a - b)/a, called the compression of the earth's spheroid, is 1/298.3.
In 1964, by the decision of the International Astronomical Union (MAC) for the terrestrial spheroid, a= 6378.16 km, b= 6356.78 km and α \u003d 1: 298.25, which is very close to the results obtained by Soviet scientists in 1940 and adopted by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of April 7, 1946 for the main ones for all astronomical, geodetic and cartographic work performed in our country.
Being at any point on the earth's surface, we soon discover that everything visible in the sky (the Sun, the Moon, stars, planets) revolves around us as a whole. In fact, this phenomenon is apparent, it is a consequence of the rotation of the Earth around its axis from west to east, that is, in the direction opposite to the apparent daily rotation of the firmament around axes of the world, representing a straight line parallel to the axis of rotation of the Earth, the ends of which are northern and south poles our planet. The rotation of the Earth on its axis can be proved in many ways. But now it can be directly observed with the help of spacecraft.
In ancient times, people believed that the Sun, moving relative to the stars, goes around our planet in a circle for one year, while the Earth seemed to be motionless and located in the center of the Universe. Ancient astronomers also adhered to this idea of the universe. It was reflected in the famous work of the ancient Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy (II century), written in the middle of the II century. and known under the distorted name "Almagest". This system of the world is called geocentric(from the same word "geo").
A new stage in the development of astronomy begins with the publication in 1543 of the book of Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) "On the rotation of the celestial spheres", which sets out heliocentric(helios - "sun") a system of the world that reflects the actual structure of the solar system. According to the theory of N. Copernicus, the center of the world is the Sun, around which the spherical Earth and all planets similar to it move and, moreover, in one direction, each rotating relative to one of its diameters, and that only the Moon rotates around the Earth, being its constant satellite, and together with the latter moves around the Sun, while approximately in the same plane.
Rice. 1. Apparent motion of the Sun
To determine the position of certain luminaries on the celestial sphere, it is necessary to have “reference” points and lines. And here, first of all, a plumb line is used, the direction of which coincides with the direction of gravity. Extended up and down, this line crosses the celestial sphere at points Z and Z "(Fig. 1), called respectively zenith and nadir.
The great circle of the celestial sphere, the plane of which is perpendicular to the ZZ line, is called mathematical or true horizon. Axis PP", around which the celestial sphere rotates in its apparent motion (this rotation is a reflection of the rotation of the Earth), and is called the axis of the world: it intersects the surface of the celestial sphere at two points - northern P and southern P" poles of the world.
The great circle of the celestial sphere QLQ"F, whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of the world PP", is celestial equator; it divides the celestial sphere into northern and southern hemisphere.
Rice. 2. The movement of the Earth around the Sun (66.5 ° - tilt of the Earth's axis, 23.5 ° - tilt of the equator to the ecliptic)
The Earth rotating around its axis moves around the Sun along a path that lies in a plane earth orbit VLWF. Its historical name is plane of the ecliptic. By ecliptic the apparent annual movement of the sun. The ecliptic is inclined to the plane of the celestial equator at an angle of 23°27′ ≈ 23.5°; it intersects it at two points: at the point spring(T) and point autumn(^) equinoxes. At these points, the Sun in its apparent movement passes from the southern celestial hemisphere to the northern one (March 20 or 21) and from the northern hemisphere to the southern one (September 22 or 23), respectively.
Only on the days of the equinoxes (twice a year) the rays of the Sun fall on the Earth at right angles to the axis of its rotation and therefore only twice a year the day and night last for 12 hours (equinox), and the rest of the year or the day is shorter than the night or vice versa . The reason for this is that the Earth's rotation axis is not perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, but is inclined to it at an angle of 66.5° (Fig. 2).
§ 2. Movement of the Moon around the Earth
The motion of the Moon around the Earth is very complex for a number of reasons. If the Earth is taken as the center, then the orbit of the Moon in the first approximation can be considered an ellipse with an eccentricity
e \u003d √ (a 2 - b 2) / a \u003d 0.055,
where a and b are the major and minor semiaxes of the ellipse, respectively. When the Moon is closest to the Earth perigee, its distance from the surface of the Earth is 356,400 km, in apogee this distance increases to 406,700 km. Its average distance from the Earth is 384,000 km.
The plane of the Moon's orbit is inclined to the plane of the ecliptic at an angle of 5°09'; the points of intersection of the orbit with the ecliptic are called knots, and the line connecting them is knot line. The line of nodes moves towards the motion of the Moon, making a complete revolution in 6793 days, which is about 18.6 years.
The time interval between two successive passages of the moon through the same node is called dragon month; its duration is equal to 27.21 mean solar days (see § 5).
Since the line of nodes does not remain in place, the Moon does not return exactly to its original position in the orbit after a month, and each subsequent rotation takes a slightly different path.
In relation to the stars, the Moon makes a complete revolution in its orbit around the Earth in 27.32 mean solar days. This period of time is called sidereal(otherwise stellar; sidus - in Latin "star") for a month; after this month, the moon returns to the same star.
§ 3. Phases of the Moon
Circulating around the Earth, the Moon occupies different positions relative to the Sun, and since it is a dark body and shines only thanks to the sun's rays reflected by it, then at different positions of the Moon relative to the Sun, we see it in different phases.
Rice. 3. Moon phases
Schematically, the lunar phases are shown in fig. 3. The orbit shows the Moon (half illuminated by the Sun) in various positions relative to the Earth, and the different phases of the Moon are shown outside the orbit as seen from the Earth.
When the Moon, in its movement around the Earth, will be between the Sun and the Earth (position 1 ), then its unlit part will be facing the Earth, and in this case it will not be visible from the Earth. This phase of the moon is called new moon. If the Moon is in a position directly opposite the Sun (position 5 ), then the part of it facing the Earth will be completely illuminated by the Sun, and the Moon will be visible from the Earth as a full disk. This phase of the moon is called full moon. When the moon is in position 3 or 7 , then at this time the directions to the Sun and the Moon will make an angle of 90 ° and therefore only half of its illuminated disk will be visible from the Earth. These phases of the moon are called respectively first quarter and last quarter.
Two or three days after the new moon, the moon will be in position 2 , and then in the evenings at sunset, the illuminated part of the lunar disk will be visible in the form of a narrow sickle. After the first quarter, as the moon approaches the full moon, which occurs approximately 15 days after the new moon, the illuminated part of it will increase every day, and after the full moon, the size of the illuminated part of the moon, on the contrary, will gradually decrease, until the next new moon, when it again completely invisible.
For practical purposes, the period of repetition of the lunar phases (for example, from new moon to new moon) is often used. This period of time, called synodic month, averages about 29.5 mean solar days. People used the periodic change of phases of the moon as a second measure of time (after a day - the period of the Earth's rotation around its axis), namely month.
In its apparent daily movement in the celestial sphere, any celestial body finds itself at the highest or lowest point of its path. These moments are called climaxes- respectively top and bottom(about a celestial body they say that it culminates). At the moment of climax, the luminary crosses celestial meridian- a great circle of the celestial sphere ZPVQZ"P"WQ" (Fig. 1), the plane of which passes through the axis of the world PP" and a plumb line.
The moon culminates at different hours throughout the month. On the new moon, this happens at 12 o'clock, in the first quarter - about 18 o'clock, on the full moon - at 0 o'clock, and in the last quarter - at 6 o'clock.
Notes:
Lenin V.I. Full coll. op. - T. 18.- S. 181.
Of course, no firmament actually exists, and its daytime blue color is due to the scattering of sunlight in the Earth's atmosphere.
The Almagest, in addition to describing the universe, contains one of the first star catalogs that have come down to us - a list of 1023 brightest stars.
In astronomy by tradition big circle actually called a circle, the plane of which passes through the center of the celestial sphere.
It differs from visible horizon on the earth's surface, for which the observer takes the line of intersection of the vault of heaven with the flat surface of the earth.
Each year, the shortest daylight hours and the longest night are on December 22 or 23 (winter solstice). Since that time, daylight hours have been gradually increasing (“The sun is leaving for the summer path,” they said).
Strictly speaking, it is not the Moon that revolves around the Earth, but the Earth and the Moon revolve around a common center of gravity located inside the Earth.
