medieval village. Hever Castle, England

Lesson type: combined

Lesson form: lesson using ICT

The purpose of the lesson: to acquaint students with the life and way of life of medieval peasants

Lesson objectives:

educational:

  • to form an idea among students about feudal duties, the peasant community, to bring to an understanding that subsistence farming is the basis of feudalism.

developing:

  • continue to develop skills in working with historical sources, illustrative material, compiling characteristics of individual social groups of medieval society, compiling a coherent story and participating in discussions
  • continue to develop the ability to draw diagrams
  • work with new concepts and terms.

educational:

  • to form in students an understanding of the essence of knightly behavior in the medieval era and in modern times;
  • cultivate respect for peasant labor

Equipment:

    • multimedia equipment.
    • Author's presentations created on the basis of Microsoft Office Power Point.
    • Handout (Appendix 1).
    • Textbook "History of the Middle Ages" E.V. Agibalova, G.M. Donskoy. M., 2005

Board layout: lesson topic, lesson plan, new words (services, corvée, dues, subsistence farming), homework.

During the classes

1. Actualization of knowledge on the topic: "In the knight's castle."

1. Work with the class. You can start checking homework with a frontal survey in the form of a quiz, using a presentation at the request of the teacher. "In the knight's castle". Quiz questions appear on click and are accompanied by illustrations.

Students with the highest number of correct answers receive a grade in the journal.

2. Work with historical sources.

Several students receive a handout with a preparation task prior to the start of the quiz while the face-to-face interview is underway. You can work in pairs.

slide 2, 3, 4- quiz questions (on click).

  • What does the word "knight" mean in German?(Horseman, equestrian warrior)
  • What was the main occupation of the knights?(War, warfare)
  • How did the knights treat ordinary people?(Disdainfully, arrogantly, rudely, cruelly)
  • What were the main entertainments of the knights?(Tournaments, hunting, feasts)
  • What is a coat of arms? What did he testify to?(A distinctive sign of the clan. It testified to the antiquity of the clan, famous ancestors).
  • What is a motto?(A short saying explaining the meaning of the coat of arms)
  • What is a tournament?(Military competition of knights in strength and dexterity)
  • Who were called heralds?(Special heralds announcing the names of the knights entering the battle)
  • Who was allowed to the tournament? (Before the tournament, those knights were allowed whose father, grandfather and great-grandfather were free people)
  • For what misconduct in the Middle Ages could knights not be allowed to participate in the tournament?(For an insult to a lady, for breaking an oath, for robbing church property, for murder, for violating the sanctity of marriage, for giving money at interest)
  • What is "feud"?(This is land ownership, which was given for military service and was inherited).
  • Who were called feudal lords?(Owners of the land they received for military service)
  • Who are the lords and vassals?(Senior - the "senior" of the feudal lords, the holder of land - gave part of his lands with peasants to small feudal lords for service and oath of allegiance; vassal - subordinate - received land and was obliged to serve the lord).
  • What did the order mean: “The vassal of my vassal is not my vassal”?(In the Middle Ages, a feudal ladder developed - relations between feudal lords - large, medium, small - according to their position in society, when the same feudal lord was the lord of a smaller feudal lord and a vassal of a larger feudal lord. Vassals were supposed to obey only their lords).
  • Whose vassals were the knights?(Baronov)
  • What were the duties of vassals?(Go on a military campaign with your detachment, participate in the court of a seigneur, ransom a seigneur who was captured)
  • What were the responsibilities of seniors?(Protect your vassal from attacks by other feudal lords, rebellious peasants, reward for service, take care of the vassal's family in the event of his death).

Summing up the quiz and grading.

slide 5 – work with illustrative material- describe using pictures, equipment and equipment of knights.

Slide 6 - problematic issue- During the tournament, dangers awaited the knights: it was possible to get maimed, injured when falling from the saddle, and even die. But the biggest punishment for the participants of the tournament should be considered ... dust. Explain why? (Participating in a duel, knights with horses raised dust. If a knight falls face down, then due to the weight of the armor, he himself will not get up without help, and the dust, flying into the nostrils, eyes, does not allow a person to breathe, and he may die).

What is described in the above passage: a tournament or a combat battle? What are the similarities between a tournament and a battle, and what is the difference? (Students who received this task earlier answer)

This type of work forms the ability of students to compare, identify common features and differences, find words in the text that confirm their point of view.

Slide 8 – work with historical sources- Appendix 1 . Card number 2.

Tell us about the main values ​​for a medieval knight. Use medieval texts when answering. (Students who received this task earlier answer.)

Question to the class - Think about how the image of the "ideal knight" corresponded to the real appearance and behavior of the masters?

The educational aspect of this task is important, especially related to the modern understanding of chivalrous behavior by students. During the discussion, you can ask the question: “What do you think it means to be a knight today? Are there boys among those present who are distinguished by chivalrous behavior? How is it shown?"

The next task is to test the ability of students write a coherent story using illustrations, new concepts and terms. Depending on the time in the lesson, the preparedness of the class, you can offer one task to choose from for answering.

Slide 9-Imagine that you are ... in a knight's castle. Tell me what he represented.

Slide 10- Imagine that you are in a jousting tournament. Tell me what did you see?

slide 11- Imagine that you are in a knighthood ceremony. How did he pass?

slide 12- Checking homework, during which students had to refer to dictionaries, encyclopedias or use Internet resources. Explain how these expressions originated and what they mean. .

  • "Throw down the gauntlet"(To challenge the knight to a duel, the knight threw a glove to the enemy. The one who raised the glove accepted the challenge. Now this expression means - to challenge, contest)
  • "Spears to break." ( In tournaments, knights fought with spears. They had to knock each other out of the saddle with a blow to the iron armor. The spears broke. This expression denotes a fierce struggle)
  • "Open visor".(The visor is the front part of the helmet that protected the knight’s face. During the battle, it was lowered. They didn’t lower it in front of familiar people, which means that the intentions were good. Today, honest, open behavior is meant)
  • "Without fear and reproach"(In the Middle Ages, knights had a code of knightly honor, according to which cowardice, betrayal was considered a shame. The worst thing was not death, but “shame and shame.” This refers to behavior according to the code of knightly honor - courage, nobility, loyalty, generosity)

2. Transition to the study of a new topic:

When studying a new topic (Slide 1), the teacher, if desired, can use presentation "Medieval village and its inhabitants". Students can write down the main provisions of the topic in a notebook in the form of a diagram, after working with the text of the textbook. On click, individual fragments of the scheme appear. The children take part in its compilation, learning this skill.

So, we got acquainted with the life of the feudal lords. They were the owners of the land: they owned fields, meadows, forests, rivers and lakes. Peasants lived on the lands of the feudal lords. Today in the lesson we will get acquainted with the life and way of life of medieval peasants.

Lesson plan:(Slide 2)

  1. The relationship of the feudal lord with the peasants.
  2. Peasant community.
  3. The life of the peasants
  4. Natural economy.

1. On the lands of the free village arises feudal fiefdom- the land of a feudal lord, inherited from father to son. The arable land in the patrimony was divided into master and peasant. (Slide 3).

Let's find out how relations developed between feudal lords and peasants.

Independent work of students with the text of the textbook. Read paragraph 2 of § 12, S.97-98.

Conversation on the material read, writing the scheme and new concepts in a notebook. Fragments of the diagram appear on click so that the guys have time to write down (Slide 4).

What "duty"? (These are compulsory duties for the use of the land of the feudal lord by the peasants).

What duties did the peasants bear? (corvee and dues)

What was called corvée? (All works in the estate of the feudal lord)

What quitrent? (This is part of the products of the peasant's labor, which he gave to his master).

There were almost no free peasants left by the 12th century. But all of them were not free in different ways. Some were land dependent, others personally dependent. (Slide 5)

Which peasants were in the most difficult situation? Why?

Independent work of students with the text of the textbook - S. 98-99.

2. The teacher's story about the peasant community in the framework of the textbook. (Slide 6)

Peasant community

  • she was in charge of economic affairs: she divided the land, decided what to sow and when to harvest, owned the land
  • maintained peace and order, preserved traditions
  • helping the poor pay taxes
  • stubbornly resisted the feudal lord in order to limit the duties and arbitrariness of the masters

3. Working with a historical source. (Slide 7).

Students receive a handout: "From the descriptions of the possessions of a monastery." X century. Appendix 1 . Card number 3. This task involves not only the formation of the ability to work with the text, but also carries an educational moment.

Demonstrating the severity of peasant labor by specific examples, it is necessary to instill in students respect for the hard work of rural workers. This task is also served by illustrations accompanying the presentation.

4. After reading the document, we learned that everything necessary for the life of peasants and feudal lords was produced in the patrimony itself: food, weapons, horse harness, fabrics, clothing. Only for the acquisition of salt and iron had to go to where they were mined. This type of economy, where everything needed was produced not for sale, but for own consumption, is called natural. Subsistence farming is the basis of feudal society. (Slide 8)

3. Consolidation of the studied material in the lesson.

A medieval French proverb says: "Whoever you skin once, you cannot shear twice." What is its meaning?

4. Summing up the lesson, grading in the journal.

Homework.

  1. Read §12.
  2. Learn new words: patrimony, duties, corvee, dues, subsistence farming.
  3. Prepare a detailed answer to the question: "How did the peasants live in the Middle Ages."

"In the knight's castle. Medieval village and its inhabitants” Who was called a knight in the Middle Ages? A. owners of estates who served in the military B. royal confidants C. large feudal lords. 2. What did the knights do? A. agriculture, B. military affairs C. comprehended scientific knowledge D. craft and trade 3. Why did the feudal lords build castles? A. arrange tournaments B. defend against enemies C. engage in falconry.

4. What was the knight armed with? A. sword, spear, club, ax B. scythe, chain mail, armor, visor, horse D. true A. and B. 5. Which of the provisions was included in the rules of knightly honor? A. to fight enemies B. to seek exploits C. to be an economical master D. A. and B. are correct 6. For what reason could a vassal be deprived of his land? A. if he stopped serving his master B. due to old age C. if he could not handle it D. if the master simply wanted it.

7. The main occupation of the knights? A. war B. studies C. farming D. trade. 8. The weapon of the loser in the jousting tournament went away: A. to the king B. to the winner C. remained with the loser D. of the church. 9. What is the name of the economy of the feudal lord. Where do dependent peasants work? A. city estate B. feudal estate C. feudal castle.

10. What was the name of the compulsory duties of the peasants? A. duties B. taxes C. fines D. dues. 11. Why did the peasants unite in the community? A. to limit feudal duties B. to maintain order on one's own territory C. to create equal conditions for farming D. true A. B. C. D. only B. 12. What is called subsistence farming? A. A farm in which everything was made not for sale, but for own consumption B. a large farm of a feudal lord, in which dependent peasants worked C. a farm belonging to a peasant community.

13. Why was there a high mortality among the population of Europe in the Middle Ages? A. there was not enough food B. contagious diseases were rampant C. people did not know how to increase crops D. only A. E. true A. B. C.

14. What is corvée? A. work on the field and in the household of the lord B. payment to the lord of a part of the harvest collected in his field C. the obligation to buy certain products from the lord D. one of the names of the jousting tournament. 15. Most of the peasants in the Middle Ages were: A. personally free B. personally dependent on the lord C. their position was not much different from the position of slaves. 16. Genuine (more rarely - monetary) tribute of peasants to their master: A. quitrent B. corvée C. homage D. church tithe.

- "The Byzantine Empire in the VI - XI centuries. Culture of Byzantium» 1. When did the collapse of the Roman Empire occur? A. 410 B. 395 C. 476 2. What language became the state language in Byzantium in the 78th century. ? A. Latin B. Greek C. Arabic 3. Why was there a good level of education in Byzantium? A. the state needed well-trained officials B. the population showed great interest in the sciences C. there was an active development of the economy D. the ancient tradition of education was preserved E. true A. B. G.

5. What was the name of the code of laws of any country? A. law B. decrees C. code 6. What peoples attacked the territory of Byzantium in the VI century. ? A. Americans and British B. Turks and English C. Arabs and Slavs 7. What event happened during the reign of Emperor Justinian? A. the church of St. Sophia was built B. the Holy Roman Empire was formed C. Byzantium adopted Christianity. eight. . What part of the Roman Empire became known as Byzantium? A. Western B. Eastern C. Northern.

9. Which city was the capital of Byzantium? A. Constantinople. B. Rome C. Jerusalem. 10. When was the Church of St. Sophia built in Constantinople? A. in the 5th century B. in the 6th century C. in the 7th century 11. What type of churches were built in the 10th-11th centuries? in Byzantium? A. cross-domed B. rectangular C. square 12. What was the name of the image of God, the Mother of God, various scenes from the Bible on wooden boards? A. icon B. portrait C. mosaic.

13. What was the name of the image made of pieces of colored opaque glass or multi-colored pebbles? A. fresco B. mosaic C. still life 14. What was the name of the strict rules in the design of temples? A. Canon B. Code C. Law “The Rise of Islam and the Unification of the Arabs. The Arab Caliphate and Its Disintegration". 1. On which peninsula did the Arabs live for a long time? A. Apennine B. Balkan V. Arabian.

2. What were the nomadic Arabs called? A. Bedouins B. Steppes C. Vikings. 3. What were the main occupations of the Arabs? A. breed poultry B. breed camels, sheep, horses C. breed only horses. 4. What was the name of the new religion that united the Arabs? A. Islam B. Christianity C. Buddhism. 5. When was the state formed among the Arabs? A. 500 B. 630 C. 622 6. Migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina: A. Hijra B. Exodus C. Hajj

7. Who do Muslims revere as a prophet? A. Mohammed B. Avicenna V. Harun ar-Rashid 8. The holy war of Muslims against the infidels is: A. jihad B. prayer C. Ramadan 9. The Arabic chronology is from: A. the creation of the world B. the year of foundation of the Arab Caliphate C. year of Muhammad's migration to Medina. 10. What did the settled Arabs do? A. they got water from wells B. cultivated fields C. grew dates, grapes, sugarcane D. is correct A. B. C. 11. Who was the founder of Islam? A. Jesus Christ B. Moses C. Muhammad

12. What was the name of the holy book of Muslims? A. Bible B. Kaaba C. Quran 13. What was the name of the head of state among the Arabs? A. vizier B. caliph C. monarch 14. What were the rules of behavior among the Arabs called? A. Shariah B. Hajj C. Hijra. 15. What is the name of a Muslim journey to visit holy places? A. excursion B. pilgrimage C. reconnaissance 16. What was the name of the capital of the Caliphate, which was founded by the Abbasids? A. Baghdad B. Mecca C. Damascus.

17. What two directions did Muslims develop? (2 answers) A. Sunnis B. Shiites C. Imam 18. What is the name of the temple among Muslims? A. mosque B. church C. madrasah. "Early Middle Ages" 1. What is called the Great Migration of Nations? A. the conquest of the Germans under the pressure of the Huns B. campaigns in the "holy land" C. the resettlement of Europeans to America. 2. What was the name of the land for which military service was carried out? A. vow B. feud C. dues D. title 3. Who were called Normans? A. North Germans B. Saxons B. South Germans D. Slavs

4. What is called "subsistence farming"? A. a farm in which everything you need is produced for yourself, and not for sale B. a farm in which everything is produced in kind C. a farm in which all natural products. 5. What event was the beginning of the history of the Middle Ages? A. the formation of the state among the Franks B. the Great Migration of Peoples C. the collapse of the Roman Empire D. the emergence of feudalism. 6. Where did Emperor Charlemagne rule? A. in the Frankish state B. in the Western Roman Empire C. in the Holy Roman Empire.

7. Why are the brothers Cyril and Methodius famous? A. the first Slavic enlighteners B. the first Russian saints C. the legendary founders of Rome. 8. In the form of what did the inhabitants of the Middle Ages represent the Earth? A. in the form of a disc B. in the form of a ball C. in the form of a triangle D. A. and B. are correct 9. Who was the most literate in the Middle Ages? A. monks B. kings C. feudal lords D. knights. 10. What are the causes of the Great Migration? A. Invading nomads from deep within Asia B. Roman conquests C. depletion of the land D. overpopulation.

11. What groups of people formed the class of dependent peasants? A. slaves B. columns C. enslaved D. right A. B. C. free people 12. Why did Clovis accept Christianity? A. he liked this religion B. wanted to strengthen his power C. he was forced to do so by the Pope 13. Choose one of the signs of feudal fragmentation: A. the nobility supports the king B. the king has very strong power C. the feudal lords are not subordinate to the king.

14. Why did the Normans leave their homeland? A. Lack of fertile land B. Desire for new discoveries C. Interest in everything unknown 15. What is called "feudal patrimony"? A. a large farm of the feudal lord, where dependent peasants worked B. the territory where dependent peasants worked and lived C. the territory where the feudal lord's outbuildings and his castle were located. 16. What was the name of the road along which the Normans from the south of Scandinavia got to Constantinople? A. The great way of migration of peoples B. the way from the Varangians to the Greeks C. The great way of geographical discoveries

17. What was the name of the people's assembly among the ancient Slavs? A. veche B. parliament C. squad D. legion. 18. What subjects were studied in medieval school? A. grammar, rhetoric, dialectics B. arithmetic, reading, writing C. technology, algebra, English. The emergence of medieval cities. Craft in a Medieval City". 1. In what century did the active emergence of new cities take place in Europe? A. IX-X centuries. B. X-XI centuries. V. XI-XII centuries. 2. What is the reason for the emergence of new cities? A. handicraft separated from agriculture, the development of trade B. strengthening of feudal land tenure C. wars between states

3. Where did cities appear? A. at the intersection of trade routes B. at bridges and sea harbors C. at the walls of large monasteries and castles of the feudal lord D. Verno A. B. C. 4. Why did the townspeople fence the city with a rampart and a moat? A. to protect against attacks by enemies B. to mark the boundaries of the city C. to protect against the evil eye of envious people 5. Why did the inhabitants of cities fight with seniors? A. wanted to free themselves from the influence and exactions of feudal lords B. seniors did not invest money in the development of handicrafts C. in the cities there were many unemployed warriors.

6. What is a workshop? A. Union of artisans of the same specialty living in the same city B. Collective of like-minded people C. Place where goods are made D. Merchant association 7. What were the rules that all members of the workshop were required to follow? A. mandate B. charter C. program D. ordinance 8. What was called a masterpiece in the Middle Ages? A. the most original way of making a thing B. the most expensive product C. the best product D. an exemplary product that an apprentice made in order to become a full member of the workshop.

9. What was the name of the city whose inhabitants were able to win in the fight against the lord? A. commune B. colony C. metropolis D. municipality 10. What was the name of the government of the city whose inhabitants won the fight against the lord? A. self-survival B. self-government C. self-determination “The emergence of medieval cities. Craft in a Medieval City". 1. What was the name of the city governing body, which was elected by the townspeople? A. council of elders B. council of ministers C. city council 2. What was the name of the governing body of the city, which was elected by the citizens? A. mayor B. peer C. sir

3. What was the name of the building where the city council was located? A. arsenal B. town hall C. administration 4. A guild is: A. a union of apprentices B. a union of craftsmen C. a union of merchants D. a union of cities concluded to protect their trading interests 5. Who was the owner of the workshop? A. Apprentice B. Master C. Senior D. Bishop 6. Who worked in the workshop? A. master B. apprentices C. apprentices D. correct A. B. C. D. correct A. and C.

7. An apprentice is: A. an artisan who completed the period of apprenticeship, but did not become a full-fledged master B. an apprentice in a workshop C. a master's son. 8. The city whose inhabitants won in the fight against the lord: A. monopoly B. commune C. fortune 9. City government elected by the townspeople? A. council of people's deputies B. town hall C. city council D. craftsmen's council 10. What is a guild? A. union of elders B. union of merchants C. union of rulers 11. The richest families of the city were: A. patriciate B. estate of feudal lords C. shop.

The unification of France. The Strengthening of Royal Power in England". 1. What is the name of the state that has: a single power of the king, uniform laws, taxes, an army? A. combined; B. centralized; B. democratic. 2. What did the conquest of England by the Duke of Normandy William lead to? A. weakening of royal power in England; B. to strengthen royal power; V. to the feudal fragmentation of the state. 3. Who introduced "Shield Money" in England? A. Henry II B. Robin Hood C. William the Conqueror

4. What was in the Domesday Book? A. census of all lands and the entire population of England B. census of all feudal lords and pastures of England C. census of English pensioners. 5. When was England conquered by Duke William of Normandy? A. 1066 B. 1077 C. 1302 6. What is the name of a centralized state in which the king relies on a class body of government? A. constitutional monarchy; B. estate monarchy; B. enlightened monarchy. 7. What has changed in local government as a result of Henry II's reform? A. the power of the sheriffs who govern the counties has been strengthened; B. weakened the power of sheriffs; V. suspended the activities of sheriffs. eight. . What were the titles of the stories about the adventures of Robin Hood? A. romances; B. Ballads; V. thrillers; G. quatrains.

9. When did Magna Carta appear? A. in 1215 B. in 1110 C. in 1207 10. Whose interests did Magna Carta protect? A. the interests of large feudal lords, knights, townspeople; B. peasants; V. artisans. 11. When was the first Parliament in England called? A. in 1230 B. in 1365 C. in 1265 12. What is Parliament? A. a meeting of representatives of the estates: feudal lords, officials, townspeople; B. a meeting of representatives of the estates: feudal lords, peasants, artisans; B. union of king and church

13. What was the significance of the emergence of Parliament? A. parliament limited the power of the king; B. took into account the interests of different sections of the population; V. laid the foundations of democratic government; G. all of the above is true. 14. Who introduced the jury: A. Wilhelm the Conqueror B. John Landless B. Henry II D. Philip II

"Rise of the Middle Ages" 1. What is the reason for the emergence of new cities? A. handicraft separated from agriculture, the development of trade B. strengthening of feudal land tenure C. wars between states 2. What was the name of the management of the city, whose inhabitants won the fight against the lord? A. self-survival B. self-government C. self-determination 3. When did the split of the Christian church into Catholic and Orthodox occur? A. 1095 B. 1054 C. 988 4. What was the language of worship in Catholic churches? A. Latin B. Greek C. Spanish

5. Who participated in the Crusades? A. peasants and townspeople B. large feudal lords C. knights D. clergy E. true A. , B. , C. , G. . 6. What is the name of the state that has: a single power of the king, uniform laws, taxes, an army? A. combined; B. centralized; B. democratic. 7 Where did the cities appear? A. at the crossroads of trade routes B. at bridges and sea harbors C. at the walls of large monasteries and castles of the feudal lord G. Verno A. B. C. 8. Who was the owner of the workshop? A. Apprentice B. Master C. Senior G. Bishop

9. Why did the Crusades start? A. the desire of the participants of the campaigns to liberate the Holy Land B. the desire of the participants of the campaign to get acquainted with the traditions of the countries of the East C. the desire to open new trade routes 10. When did the first Crusade take place? A. 1095 - 1098 B. 1094 - 1097 V. 1096 - 1099 11. What are the results of the Crusades? A. many people died B. many cities and towns were destroyed C. trade between West and East was revived D. true A. , B. , C. . 12. When did Magna Carta appear? A. in 1215 B. in 1110

Beginning of the Hundred Years War. Jacquerie. Wat Tyler's Rebellion in England". 1. When did the Hundred Years War start? A. in 1337 B. in 1300 C. in 1303 2. When did the uprising of the peasants called Jacqueria begin? A. in 1358 B. in 1402 C. in 1357 3. Who led the rebel peasants during the "Jacquerie" A. Guillaume Cal B. Jacques simpleton C. Edward the Confessor 4. Why did the rebels fail? A. the uprising was not prepared; B. the peasants did not have a single, clearly defined goal; V. the peasants were unorganized G. all of the above is true.

5. What was the name of the body of estate representation in France? A. Parliament; B. Estates General C. Sejm G. Cortes. 6. When did Wat Tyler's rebellion start in England? A. in 1381 B. in 1378 C. in 1358 7. Who led the rebels? A. John Ball B. Wat Tyler W. Richard II. 8. Why did Wat Tyler's rebellion start? A. increased the cash dues from the peasants; B. the peasants went bankrupt; V. increased taxes from the peasants to wage war with France D. all of the above is true.

The struggle of the French people against the invaders. Reconquista” 1. When did the Hundred Years War end? A. in 1453 B. in 1355 C. in 1385 2. What was the character of the Hundred Years War for the French? A. aggressive B. people's liberation C. defensive 3. What is the main result of the Hundred Years' War? A. the peasant uprising of Jacquerie was suppressed B. the War of the Scarlet and White Roses was stopped C. France defended its independence.

5. Select the signs of a centralized state: A. the subordination of the entire country to a single centralized authority - the power of the king B. the presence of a permanent army C. the establishment of uniform laws and taxes D. only a, b. D. correct a, b, c. 6. What is the Reconquista? A. War of Religion B. Reconquest by Christians of Muslim lands in Spain C. Union of Christians and Muslims in the fight against the infidels 7. Reconquista began in: A. 1262 B. 1085 8. The unification of Aragon and Castile took place in: A. 1480 B. 1479 C. 1469 C. 718

9. What was the main message of preacher John Ball? A. about the ownership of the land by those who cultivate it; B. about the equality of all people; V. on the need to enthrone Wat Tyler. 10. What is the main outcome of Wat Tyler's rebellion? A. the peasants achieved the establishment of exact payments; B. peasants received the right to participate in the work of parliament; V. peasants received the right to participate in the election of the king.

"Hussite wars" 1. Czech peasants paid the king: A. cash rent B. part of the harvest C. tax to the royal treasury 2. Who exercised self-government in the city council of Prague until the middle of the XIV. ? A. lords B. German merchants and craftsmen C. peasants 3. Jan Hus began his sermons at the beginning: A. X century. B. XIV century. V. XV century. 4. The main sermons of Jan Hus were: A. criticism of the unworthy behavior of the clergy B. cessation of the sale of indulgences C. demand for worship in the native language D. reform of the reorganization of the church.

5. Who is a patriot? A. a person who loves his homeland B. a person who fights against the activities of the church C. a person who does not give up his ideas. 6. When was Jan Hus burned at the stake? A. in 1414 B. in 1415 C. in 1425 “Culture of Western Europe in the XI-XV centuries. » 1. When was the first printed book made by Johannes Gutenberg? A. in 1430 B. in 1450 C. in 1440 ? A. manufactories B. factories C. blast furnaces

3. What are astrolabes? A. a time-determining device B. a ship-locating instrument C. a speed-determining device. 4. The architectural styles of medieval Europe were: A. Romanesque and Gothic B. Baroque and Rococo C. Classicism and Gothic D. Romanesque and Empire 5. Windows made up of pieces of multi-colored glass are ... A. portal B. mosaic C. stained-glass window 6 When did The Song of Roland appear? A. in the XII century. B. in the XIII century. V. in the XIV century.

7. What was reflected in the medieval epic? A. heroic labor of ordinary people B. chivalrous culture C. feats of heroes of the Middle Ages D. true B and C. 8. What were the names of poets and singers in the south of France? A. Troubadours B. Jugglers C. Performers 9. What was the ideal knight like? A. Aggressive and angry B. Bold, noble, etiquette C. Illiterate, obeying no one 10. Who wrote The Divine Comedy? A. William Langland B. Roger Bacon W. Dante Alighieri.

«Culture of Western Europe in the XI-XV centuries. » 1. Schools first appeared: A. parish B. City C. monastic D. royal 2. The first university arose in: A. Paris B. Prague C. Leipzig G. Budapest. 3. What medieval alchemists were looking for: A. "philosopher's stone", which turned metal into gold B. "Flying Dutchman" C. oil D. rare animals

4. The word "Gothic" comes from: A. the name of the architect Goth B. the name of the Germanic tribe Goths C. the name of the city in which such a cathedral was first built 5. What was the difference between the architectural structures of the Romanesque style? A. repeating columns that supported the roof B. repeating outlines of semicircular arches C. they were heavy, similar to fortresses D. true B and C. 6. What does a Romanesque church look like in plan? A. to a cross B. to a circle C. to a square

7. What was the name of the verbal duel of students? A. fight B. argument C. verbal fight D. discussion 8. When did the first universities appear in Europe? A. in the X century. B. in the XIII century. V. in the XII century. 9. What faculty did not exist in medieval universities? A. theology B. philosophy C. medicine D. law. 10. Characteristics of medieval temples in Western Europe A. stained glass windows B. mosaics C. frescoes

The medieval village supplied food to the feudal lords, clergy and cities. Most of Europe's population lived in rural areas.

What did the medieval village look like?

Usually rural graying was small - somewhere around 13-15 households. In regions especially favorable for farming, their number increased to 50. If people settled in mountainous areas, then this was no longer a full-fledged village, but a farm for 15-20 people.

A village house, as a rule, was built of wood, which was coated with clay on top. This allowed them to keep warm. The roof was thatched, sometimes wealthy people could afford tiles.

Rice. 1. Village house.

In Medieval Europe, houses belonged to the category of movable property - going to a new place, the family could easily dismantle their home and assemble it where they moved.

If the village was large enough to afford a church, then it was placed in the center of the village. Near this religious building there was usually a source of drinking water, and at the services people not only prayed, but also learned local news.

Rice. 2. Church.

Immediately outside the village there were fields where useful crops were grown, and beyond the fields there were meadows where cows and horses were driven to graze.

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village economy

The medieval peasant worked every day. It was necessary not only to manage the economy, but also to control it. Special permits were required for literally everything, from grazing to fishing. It was very important to ensure that the cattle did not go to the neighboring village.

It was extremely difficult to sell the land - all residents had to give their permission to do so. Most often, people united in collective farms, each member of which performed an important function.

The collective farm could erect some common buildings, for example, a mill, its members independently resolved inheritance issues, regulated land-related transactions and the division of property. If the village belonged to a feudal lord, his representative was present at the gathering.

Rice. 3. Mill.

The population of the medieval village

If you write a report on the topic “Medieval village and its inhabitants”, it is certainly worth noting that the population was divided into people who cultivated the land, those who were engaged in crafts, and those who raised cattle. Basically, social life depended on whether people were in the fortress or were free.

So, usually free and serfs lived mixed up, and in order to avoid confusion, a corresponding sign was hung on the gate. But basically everyone was illiterate and poor, regardless of position.

Early marriages were practiced so that the young wife had time to give birth to 3-7 children. In the most prosperous villages, they even received an education in a church school.

They were taught to work from an early age - they grazed cattle, fished, nursed babies, picked berries and did many other useful things.

Usually, children inherited the occupation of their parents and did it quite early: for example, the son of an artisan by the age of 17 had mastered the secrets of craftsmanship. The children of dependent peasants also became dependent and were forced to work for the feudal lord. How much they worked depended mainly on the desire of the feudal lord.4.7. Total ratings received: 163.

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