Words are divided into syllables. Syllable- this is one sound or several sounds uttered by one expiratory push of air.
Wed: wow, wow.
1. In Russian, there are sounds that are different in audibility: vowels are more sonorous compared to consonants.
Exactly vowels form syllables, are syllable-forming.
Consonants are non-syllable. When pronouncing a word, consonants "stretch" to vowels, forming a syllable together with vowels.
2. A syllable can consist of one sound (and then it is necessarily a vowel!) or several sounds (in this case, in addition to the vowel, the syllable has a consonant or a group of consonants).
Rim - o-bo-dock; country - country; night light - night light; miniature - mi-ni-a-tu-ra.
3. Syllables are open and closed.
open syllable ends in a vowel sound.
Yes, country.
Closed syllable ends in a consonant.
Sleep, liner.
There are more open syllables in Russian. Closed syllables are usually seen at the end of a word.
Wed: night-timer(the first syllable is open, the second is closed), oh-bo-doc(the first two syllables are open, the third is closed).
In the middle of a word, a syllable usually ends in a vowel, and a consonant or group of consonants after a vowel usually goes to the next syllable!
Night-timer, tell me, announcer.
Note!
Sometimes two consonants can be written in a word, and one sound, for example: get rid of[izh: yt ']. Therefore, in this case, two syllables are distinguished: and-live.
Division into parts out-live complies with the rules of word hyphenation, not division into syllables!
The same can be seen in the example of the verb leave, in which the combination of consonants zzh sounds like one sound [zh:]; so the division into syllables will be - leave, and division into parts for transfer - leave.
Especially often errors are observed when syllables are distinguished from verb forms ending in -tsya, -tsya.
- Division twist-sya, presses-sya is a division into parts for transfer, and not a division into syllables, since in such forms the combination of letters ts, ts sounds like one sound [ts].
- When dividing into syllables, combinations of the letters ts, ts go entirely to the next syllable: see, wait.
In the middle of a word, closed syllables can form only unpaired voiced consonants: [j], [p], [p '], [l], [l '], [m], [m '], [n], [n ' ].
May-ka, Sonya-ka, co-scrap-ka.
Note!
When combining several consonants in the middle of a word:
1) Two identical consonants necessarily go to the next syllable.
Oh-tt go, yes-nn.
2) Two or more consonants usually go to the next syllable.
Sha-pk a, ra-vn th.
Exception make up combinations of consonants in which the first is an unpaired voiced (letters p, p, l, l, m, m, n, n, d).
Mar-ka, dawn-ka, bul-ka, stel-ka, lady-ka, ban-ka, ban-ka, lay-ka.
4. The division into syllables often does not coincide with the division into parts of the word (prefix, root, suffix, ending) and with the division of the word into parts during transfer.
For example, the word calculated is divided into morphemes calculated (races- prefix, counts- root; a, n- suffixes; th- the ending).
The same word, when transferred, is divided as follows: calculated.
The word is divided into syllables as follows: calculated.
| Word hyphenation rules | Examples |
|---|---|
| 1. As a rule, words are carried by syllables. The letters ъ, ь, й are not separated from the previous letters. | Razj-ride, blue-ka, my-ka. |
| 2. You can not transfer or leave one letter on a line, even if it denotes a syllable. | Oh bo-doc; the words autumn, name cannot be split for transfer. |
| 3. When transferring, you cannot tear off the final consonant from the prefix. | From - flow, once - pour. |
| 4. When transferring, you cannot tear off the first consonant from the root. | Po-to rip, pri-to rip. |
| 5. When hyphenating words with double consonants, one letter remains on the line, while the other is hyphenated. | Ran-n-y, ter-r-or, van-n-a. |
| 6. The letter s after the prefix must not be torn off from the root, but the part of the word that begins with the letter s should not be transferred. | Times - say. |
Every day we communicate with different people, share knowledge, express our emotions and feelings through speech. Our speech is made up of sentences, sentences are made up of words, words are made up of syllables, and syllables are made up of a single vowel or a combination of vowels and consonants. We do not even think about how syllables and words are built, what they are. And, in general, what is a syllable and how many syllables can a word consist of? Do words consisting of one or more syllables have special names? Now we will plunge a little into the phonetics and spelling of the Russian language and analyze in detail the words that have only one syllable in their composition.
In contact with
Letters and sounds of the Russian language
Russian has 33 letters and 42 sounds. Like letters, sounds are vowels and consonants. There are only 6 vowels (a, o, y, s, i, e) - they form 10 vowels (a, o, y, s, and, e, e, e, u, i). All vowel sounds are divided into stressed and unstressed. 36 consonant sounds ([b] - [b ']; [n] - [n ']; [c] - [c ']; [f] - [f ']; [g] - [g ']; [ k] - [k ']; [d] - [d ']; [t] - [t ']; [g]; [w]; [h] - [h ']; [s] - [s ' ]; [l] - [l ']; [m] - [m ']; [n] - [n ']; [p] - [p ']; [y ']; [x] - [x ' ]; [c]; [h ']; [u ']) - they form 21 consonant letters (b, c, d, e, g, h, k, l, m, n, p, p, s, t , y, f, x, c, h, w, w). Consonants are hard and soft, voiced and deaf. There are two more letters that do not denote sounds - this is the b sign and the b sign.
Dividing words into syllables
A vowel sound or a combination of a vowel sound with consonant sounds grouped around it, pronounced with one push of exhaled air, is called phonetic syllable. However, it must be remembered that the phonetic syllable and the hyphenation syllable may not be the same. For example, according to the rules of word hyphenation, you cannot leave one letter on a line and hyphenate ( battery, but not battery).
It is vowels that are syllable-forming, therefore, as many syllables are distinguished in a word as there are vowels in it:
These are words that have only one vowel sound and, accordingly, only one phonetic syllable.
One-syllable words are:
Conclusion
Thus, monosyllabic words consist of one syllable, which contains one vowel. This syllable can have six or seven letters, only one of which is a vowel and the others are consonants. In addition to monosyllabic words, there are two-syllable, three-syllable, four-syllable, five-syllable and even ten-syllable words consisting of two or more vowels and having two or more syllables. There are a lot of such words in Russian, and they include not only nouns, but also adjectives, numerals, verbs, adverbs, pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions.
EXERCISE
(Russian language)
Grade 2
Dividing a word into syllables
Word hyphenation rules
SYLLABLE DEFINITION:
Syllables are parts of a word into which it is divided when pronounced.
For example:
Ok-but, ah-ku-la, ve-re-te-but, five-ti-e-tazh-ny
How many letters can be in a syllable?
A syllable can consist of one letter, but always a vowel, but never a consonant. A syllable can consist of two, three or several letters, but the vowel must be one and is in each syllable.
A vowel makes a syllable.
How to determine the number of syllables in a word?
How many vowels in a word, so many syllables.
For example:
L ist, to about-R a, d e-R e
-in oh l and st-in e n-n and-ts a
, etc i-cl Yu-h e-n and-e
What are words with one syllable, two syllables, three syllables called?
Words with only one syllable are called monosyllabic.
Words in which two syllables are disyllabic,
Words with three syllables are trisyllabic.
How are words divided for hyphenation?
For translation, words are divided into two parts.
You can divide words to transfer only by syllables, but one letter cannot be left on a line or transferred to another line.
What words cannot be transferred?
Words consisting of one syllable and a syllable consisting of one letter cannot be transferred.
For example: class, wasps, spinning top.
How can you transfer words with the letters Y, b, b?
The letter Y during transfer is not separated from the vowel.
For example: May - ka, hare - ka.
The letters b and b during transfer are not separated from the consonant.
For example: pain - shoy, driveway.
How can you translate words with double consonants?
When transferring a word with double consonants, one letter remains on the line, and the other is transferred.
For example: cas - sa, ras - tale.
REMEMBER!
1. The syllable cannot be broken.
Words from one syllable are not transferred.
One letter cannot be transferred and left on the line.
CARD #1
Complete the syllable to make a word.
| re… | lu… | boch… |
| but… | mountains… | koch… |
| bake… | but… | tea… |
| sha… | to… | me… |
| lu… | re… | to… |
CARD #2
Make words from the last syllables of the words. Write down the received words.
Clouds, bark, shallows - ...
Salo, stupa, cotton wool - ...
Buy, feather, snowball - ...
Palm tree, eagles, ruffs - ...
A lot, scarecrow, sock - ...
Muse, trains, luck - ...
CARD #3
From each word, choose a certain syllable and make a new word with it.
Example : ka sha, re ka, that rail - carriage.
Ear, company, vase - _____________________
Milk, seine, cockroach - _____________________
Spit, lotto, boxer - __________________________
Ram, wound, bank - ____________________
CARD #4
Divide the words, where possible, into syllables.
morning cake trumpet mole work jumpers tie sport exhibition hurricane pine fox leaf wolf oak trunk lingonberry trails boron fogs
CARD #5
Write sentences with punctuation marks. Divide the children's names into syllables.
good, yard, slide, ours, in
The guys made it
Natasha, drove, Yakov, snow, and
Rolled up, and, Zoya, snow, Julia, clods, in
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
CARD #6
Name the items shown. Write the words by dividing them into syllables. 
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CARD #7
Underline the words that cannot be transferred:
Extreme, snake, hedgehogs, wasp, deer,
Fairy tale, hedgehog, Igor, sadness, spinning top.
CARD #8
Point out the words incorrectly separated by a dash for hyphenation:
Le - yka, May - ka, axis - on, gu - lyat, gu - lyat,
Uro - zhay, e - tazh, corner - bki, Il-ya, Zha-nna.
CARD #9
Write down the words - the names of objects with division for transfer.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
CARD #10
Read the text. Separate words for transfer.
Today is cold weather. Lacy snowflakes burn brightly in the sun. A flock of sparrows sits on the branches of a tree. They chirp loudly.
CARD #11
Write the text with punctuation marks. Underline the words that cannot be divided for transfer.
Fruits and vegetables can grow in a greenhouse all year round pebbles and nutrient mixture replace the earth instead of the sun bright lamps light up that's what a man came up with
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CARD #12
Change the word so that it can be divided for hyphenation.
Come up with two examples of your own.
House - __________, ____________ - ______________ ,
Maple - __________, ____________ - ______________.
CARD #13
Write down the words that contain the letter c. Separate these words for transfer.
I am an eraser, I am an elastic band
Dirty back.
But my conscience is clear
I erased the blot from the sheet.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CARD #14
The day has come.
And suddenly it got dark.
The light is on, we look out the window.
Snow falls white - white ...
Why is it so dark?
CARD #15
Read the poem. Underline the words that cannot be transferred.
The summer evening is quiet and clear;
See how the willows doze;
The west of the sky is pale red,
And the rivers shine meanders.
CARD #16
Separate words for transfer. Underline the words that cannot be transferred.
Album, family, drink, ring, spear, coat, pour,
Embers, dress, bitter, sews, bathhouse, stump.
CARD #17
Read the proverbs. Break the words with the letters Y, L for transfer.
Perhaps the sun will rise to our yard.
You can't catch a hare without a dog.
Without a master, there is a yard, and without a hostess, the hut cries.
Carefree is the mouse that knows only one loophole.
Beans are not mushrooms, if you don't sow, they won't sprout.
Not knowing the ford, do not poke your head into the water.
CARD #18
Read the proverbs. Underline the words that are not hyphenated.
Whom to live, to serve.
Know how to joke, know how to laugh it off.
Every day is news.
Seven cases in one hand do not take.
Good and good in a dream.
Lunch is bad if there is no bread.
CARD #19
By definition, guess words with double consonants. Write them down. Separate for transfer.
Salt water for pickling vegetables - ________________.
The room in the school where the lesson takes place is _______________.
The sixth day of the week is ____________________.
Teaching animals obedience - ________________.
Playing a ball that is thrown to each other over the net with a racket - __________________________________.
Asphalt road - ______________________ .
Playing with a ball or puck on ice - ________________.
CARD #20
Read folk tales. Separate words for transfer.In March, sparrows nest.
Soars - before the rain.
The sunshine will pass quickly.
Snow sticks to trees - to heat.
Long icicles - for a long spring.
Big dew in May - for the harvest of cucumbers.
Trainer for beginners. Simple words.
The book is wonderful. But the kids do not want to strain and put the letters into words, it is much easier to look at the picture and guess from the very first letter what is written under the picture.
Therefore, I suggest you download these sheets. They have a lot of words and no explanatory pictures. Nothing will distract the kid from the reading process. And since there are only three letters in each word, it will not be very difficult to read them.
And how many of them - words consisting of three letters? There are more than a hundred such words on these leaves. So the child will have something to read.
New cards for practicing reading skills. This time in the selection there are words of 4 letters, but with one syllable.
That is, the words have only one vowel.
DAY, LOAD, TERM, OVEN, SEVEN, NIGHT and so on.
More than 100 words are collected on two sheets, consisting of 4 letters and 1 syllable.
When reading, the child must not only compose a word from letters, but also comprehend what he read. Ask your child to explain each new word.
We continue to improve our reading skills.
The next selection is already two-syllable words of 4 letters. On the first card there are words with the so-called "open syllable". They are easy to read. Ma-ma, ka-sha, no-bo, re-ka, puddle and similar words.
The second card is more difficult. The words on it contain both open syllables and closed ones. Ma-yak, ig-la, y-tyug, yacht-ta, o-village, el-ka and so on.
Each card has over fifty words. So the child will have to work hard until he reads all the words.
We read new words syllable by syllable. Words already consist of 5 letters. Wagon, baby, tu-man, mar-ka, re-dis, lamp-pa. Etc. If the child confidently reads these one hundred and fifty-plus words, you can assume that your baby LEARNED to read! Rather, he learned to put words out of letters.
Learning to read is directly related to learning to divide words into syllables. It is sometimes difficult for children to learn these rules, especially since the rules for dividing words into syllables and for transferring are significantly different.
While the baby is starting to read, but has not yet tried to write, you can tell him how to divide words into syllables without taking into account the rules of transfer. To do this, parents themselves need to remember a few basic patterns of how to break any word into syllables. You can download cards with syllables for free.
The principle of dividing words into syllables
If we recall the curriculum in primary school, then a rule will arise in memory: how many vowels in a word, so many syllables.
Therefore, in order to visually determine the number of syllables, you need to count the vowels. What letters will we classify as vowels? There are 10 vowels in the alphabet:
- A, O, U, S, I, E - denote one sound;
- E, Yo, Yu, I - denote two sounds (E=Y+E; E=Y+O; Yu=Y+U; I=Y+A).
Let's take the word "dangerous" as an example and divide it into syllables:
Dangerous = o-pas-no-e (4 syllables).
In this case, we simply divided the word into syllables according to the number of vowels. However, if the same word had to be transferred from one line to another, the principle of division would be different (it is impossible to transfer one letter to another line):
Dangerous = dangerous - division of the word for transfer.
So, in order to correctly determine the number of syllables, the child needs to learn vowels.
Types of syllables
Knowledge of the types of syllables will greatly help in applying this rule. The types of syllables are distinguished by the final letter: vowel or consonant.
- An open syllable ends in a vowel.
- Closed ends in a consonant.
An open syllable is usually used for normal syllables when reading. The syllable ends in a vowel, and the consonants following it go to the next syllable:
Bump = shi-shka
Ice cream = mo-ro-same-but-e
Student = u-che-no-tsa
Closed when dividing this word will be used to wrap to another line:
Dangerous=dangerous
Bump = bump
Install = set-ta-nav-whether
A word can consist of one closed syllable: sleep, moss, sit down, etc.
Also, a closed one may be present when dividing a word into syllables when reading, if it ends with an unpaired voiced consonant in the middle of the word (sonorant): Y, R, L, M, N.
For example, MAYKA=MAY-KA
SANKA=SAN-KA
Syllable types help to clearly delineate the rules for dividing a word into syllables for reading and transfer.
How can you play and learn syllables at the same time? Syllable games
Learning to read can be made fun and colorful if you use various games with syllables for this.
1. Find out the type of syllable.
In this game, you can invite children to find an open and closed syllable from those proposed. The game is good for children who are preparing for school, who can read and imagine what an open and / or closed syllable is.
For example, in the word "dangerous" (o-pas-no-e) there are 3 open and 1 closed syllables.
2. Find a syllable in a word.
Define some simple syllable for games, for example, "KO". Arrange a competition with the baby, who will name more words with this syllable.
For example, CAT, COW, COM, GOAT, etc.
So you teach your child to visually determine the letter composition of the word.
3. Which word has three syllables.
This game involves the ability to divide words into syllables for reading and count their number. Ask the child to name which word has three syllables, which consists of five, etc. To do this, the baby will have to work hard to divide the words into syllables to find out how many syllables are in the word.
For example, the word "go-ro-shi-na" has 4 syllables, and the word "mo-ro-zhe-no-e" has 5 syllables.
4. Let's play word-creation.
Creating new words is also exciting. Try to take several syllables from different words and come up with a new word from them on your own (make sure that the child does not come up with non-existent words, but relies on meanings or vocabulary that already exist in the language). Ask them to name the types of syllables in the word.
5. Which of the proposed syllables are the first in words.
For this game, take some three- or four-syllable words (for example, cat, dog, dangerous, orange). Pictures can be used to indicate them if the child still does not read well. Write out the syllables randomly. Then ask the child to name the words presented in the pictures and name the first syllables in them.
6. Which letter runs where.
This game is based on the methodology proposed by speech therapist Nadezhda Zhukova and presented in her Primer textbook for kids. If you do not have this book, you can independently master this technique.
Its meaning is to visually show the child the principle of reading using syllables as an example.
Take a syllable, divide it into letters and draw them on opposite ends of the sheet. From one letter to another, draw or glue a running man. For this purpose, any toy that the baby will lead from one letter to another is also suitable. At the same time, the sounds of the syllable are called, smoothly flowing into each other. Use an open syllable for the game.
The second version of this game. Draw the initial letters of the syllable large at some distance from each other. From them conditionally draw two lines in the form of a wedge and write several vowels from the syllable along them, gradually reducing them in size and then increasing them. Then ask the child to read what is written. He must draw out a vowel sound in a syllable. Thus, the child learns that the basis of the syllable is a vowel sound.
7. Syllabic coloring.
All children love to color. But here the tasks are unusual. The picture, like a puzzle, is divided into separate parts, in which syllables are randomly inscribed on the same consonant, for example: MA, MO, MU, WE, MI, ME, etc. Each syllable has its own color. If the child correctly reads the syllables and colors them, he will receive a color picture. So we teach the baby to independently find the necessary syllables.
There are many such games to offer. You can come up with them yourself in the process of teaching your baby to read and divide words into syllables, remembering the types of syllables. Remember that the main thing is to make reading interesting, then the books will later seem like a real magical world!
