An example of an essay on the topic:
A political party is a union of people who have united in order to
to get the laws they want. (Ilyin).

Political party - a public organization that fights for power or for participation in the exercise of power, the goal of which, ultimately, is to take seats in parliament and pass laws,
determining the policy of the country.
In addition to the struggle for power, any political party performs a number of other functions: expressing the interests of certain segments of the population, training and nominating political personnel, participating in election campaigns, educating loyal members, and shaping the political culture of citizens.
A characteristic feature of a democratic state is a multi-party system. There can be two parties, as in England or America, or many, as in Russia. This is determined by the traditions of the country. Parties can differ in organizational principle, in ideology, in relation to power, in the type of membership, in the mode of activity and in the scale of the political spectrum. The party is a union of like-minded people, which is the bearer of a certain ideology and which is aimed at gaining power. In order to express the interests of as many voters as possible, parties form factions. The backbone of the party is the electorate - voters who regularly cast their votes for this party in elections.
As a result of the elections, the party receives a certain number of seats in the country's parliament. The more seats in parliament, the more opportunity the party has to justify the trust of its voters and influence the adoption of laws in the country. An important role for voters is played by the personality of the party leader, because many voters, when voting, are guided not only by the party program, but also associate their expectations with the charisma of a certain leader. Representatives of political parties constitute the country's political elite - a group of people with influence, prestige, directly involved in decision-making related to political power.
With the collapse of the totalitarian regime in the USSR and the abolition of Article 6 of the Constitution, a multi-party system began to take shape in the Russian Federation. The 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaimed ideological diversity.
The modern political parties in Russia are United Russia, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party, the Patriots of Russia, Just Russia, Just Cause, the RODP "Yabloko". The ruling party is United Russia, which for a number of years has been adopting laws in parliament that, in my opinion, contribute to the stabilization of the state and the consolidation of democratic social forces.
Extremist political parties are banned in our state.
I am not yet a member of any political party, but I like the program of the United Russia party, so I am going to support this organization in the elections.
A political party, having come to power, adopts the laws it needs, but ordinary voters help the party come to power, so everyone should take an active life position.

An example of an essay on the topic:
Progress is a movement in a circle, but faster and faster. L. Levinson.

Humanity is in constant motion. Science, technology, the human mind are developing, and if we compare the primitive and our days, it is clear that human society is progressing.
From the primitive herd we came to the state, from primitive tools to perfect technology, and if earlier a person could not explain such natural phenomena as a thunderstorm or a change of year, by now he has already mastered space. Based on these considerations, I cannot agree with L. Levinson's point of view on progress as a cyclical movement. In my opinion, such an understanding of history means marking time without moving forward, constant repetition.
Time will never turn back, no matter what factors contribute to the regression. Man will always solve any problem and will not allow his kind to die out.
Of course, there have always been ups and downs in history, and therefore I believe that the graph of human progress is an upward broken line, in which ups predominate in magnitude over downs, but not a straight line or a circle. This can be seen by recalling some historical or life facts.
In the first place, downturns in the progress graph create wars. For example, Russia began its history as a powerful state, able to outstrip any other in its development. But as a result of the Tatar-Mongol invasion, it lagged behind for many years, there was a decline in culture, the development of the country's life. But, despite everything, Russia stood up and continued to move forward.
Secondly, the progress of society is hindered by such a form of organization of power as a dictatorship. In the absence of freedom, society cannot progress; a person turns from a thinking being into a tool in the hands of a dictator. This can be seen in the example of fascist Germany: Hitler's regime of power slowed down political progress, the development of freedom and human rights, and democratic institutions of power for decades.
Thirdly, oddly enough, but sometimes recessions in the development of society occur through the fault of the person himself, i.e. associated with scientific and technological progress. Many people now prefer communication with machines to human communication.
As a result, the level of humanity is falling. The invention of nuclear reactors is, of course, a great discovery that allows saving natural energy resources, but in addition to nuclear power plants, nuclear weapons were also created, which brought incalculable misfortunes to people and nature. An example of this is the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the explosion in Chernobyl. Nevertheless, humanity has come to its senses, realizing the real threat of such weapons: many countries now have a moratorium on the production of nuclear weapons.
Thus, the progress of the human mind and society as a whole and the predominance in history of the positive actions of people over their mistakes are obvious. It is also obvious that social progress is not an endless movement in a circle, which, in principle, cannot be considered progress,
but moving forward and only forward.

An example of an essay on the topic:
Religion is one, but in a hundred guises. B. Show.

Among the proposed statements, I drew attention to the words of B. Shaw that "Religion is one, but in a hundred guises." In understanding this issue, I agree with the author.
It is impossible to give a precise definition of religion. There are many such formulations in science.
They depend on the worldview (representation of the world) of the scientists who form them.
If you ask any person what religion is, then in most cases he will answer: "faith in God."
The word "religion" literally means binding, re-addressing (to something). Religion can be viewed from different angles: from the side of human psychology, historical, social, but the definition of this concept depends to a decisive extent on the recognition of the existence or non-existence of higher forces,
i.e. God and Gods.
Man is a spiritual being, therefore, era occupies a very important place in his life. Since ancient times, man has deified the forces of nature, the plants and animals around him, believing that through them the higher forces influence his life. The magical attitude to the word and movement forced a person to strive for the development of his aesthetic (sensual) perception.
Over time, human society developed, and paganism (heterogeneity) was replaced by more developed forms of beliefs. There are many religions in the world. The question arises: why are there so many of them? And in whom to believe?
The answer to this question is obvious: people are different, they live in different conditions and different parts of the planet, they perceive the environment differently. So different are their ideas about God or Gods, about what a cult (religious veneration of any objects) should be like; many provisions of different beliefs, moral standards and rules of worship among different peoples are somewhat similar. I think this is caused by borrowing the cultures of peoples from each other.
If we consider the historical path of mankind, then religions can be classified into: tribal ancient beliefs, national-state (they form the basis of the religious life of individual peoples and nations) and world (that have gone beyond nations and states, but having a huge number of followers in the world).
These are the three religions: Buddhism, Islam and Christianity. Also, beliefs can be divided into monotheistic (belief in one God) and polytheistic (worship of many gods).
Drawing a conclusion from the foregoing, a person has always needed faith as that spiritual principle that allowed him to rise above the ordinary. The choice of faith should be free and conscious for each person, because, no matter how different religions are, they are all just different forms of one thing - the elevation of the human soul.

"Without society, man would be pathetic, lacking the urge to improve." W. Godwin

“There is no unconditional opposition between tradition and reason… Preservation of the old is the free attitude of man.” H.G. Gadamer

“Without a goal there is no activity, without interests there is no goal, and without activity there is no life.” V.G. Belinsky

“In married life, the united couple should form, as it were, a single moral personality.” I. Kant

"The great secret of any behavior is social behavior ... Not in the least degree would I dare to say anything about how a person will behave in a group." F. Bartlett

“The great goal of education is not knowledge, but action” G. Spencer

"The greatness of a people is not at all measured by its number, just as the greatness of a man is not measured by his height." V. Hugo

"The pinnacle of ourselves, the crown of our originality, is not our individuality, but our personality." P. Teilhard de Chardin

“All marriages are successful. Difficulties begin when life begins together. F. Sagan

“Truth is forgotten in disputes. The smartest one stops the argument. L. Tolstoy

“Look at my children. My former freshness is alive in them. They are the justification for my old age.” W. Shakespeare

"A woman, like a caryatid, props up the family hearth." I.N. Shevelev

"Everyone wants to be the exception to the rule, and there is no exception to this rule." M. Forbes

"The roots of nationalism are in the division of the population into indigenous and non-indigenous." I.N. Shevelev

“The personality of a person is in no sense pre-existent in relation to his activity, like his consciousness, it is generated by it.” A.N.Leontiev

"Personality is a person as a carrier of consciousness." K.K. Platonov

"People are born only with pure nature, and only then do their fathers make them Jews, Christians or fire worshipers." Saadi

"People exist for each other." M. Aurelius

“We must always try to look not for what separates us from other people, but for what we have in common with them.” D. Reskin

“We need to stand on our own feet and look the world straight in the face…see the world for what it is and not be afraid of it.” B. Russell

“We are shaped by the things we do.” Aristotle

“Independence and freethinking are the essence of creativity.” F. Mitterrand

“One and the same person, entering different teams, changing target settings, can change - sometimes within very significant limits.” Yu.M. Lotman

"Having obeyed the law of the crowd, we return to the stone age." S. Parkinson

“When explaining any mental phenomena, a person acts as a united set of internal conditions through which all external influences are refracted.” S.L. Rubinstein

“It is easy to preach morality, it is difficult to justify it.”A. Schopenhauer

"The mere absence of vice does not imply the presence of virtue." A. Machado

“The process of socialization is entering the social environment, adapting to it, mastering certain roles and functions, which, following its predecessors, is repeated by each individual throughout the entire history of its formation and development.” B.D. Parygin

“To decipher a person means, in essence, to try to find out how the world was formed and how it should continue to form” P. Teilhard de Chardin

"A role is not a person, but ... an image behind which it is hidden." A.N. Leontiev

“Children give their debt to their parents to their children.” I.N. Shevelev

"Family interests almost always ruin the interests of the public." F. Bacon

"The family is more sacred than the state." Pius XI

"The family is the crystal of society." V. Hugo

"The family is the primary womb of human culture." I. Ilyin

“Nature creates man, but society develops and shapes him.” V.G. Belinsky

"Becoming part of an organized crowd, a person descends several steps down the ladder of civilization." G. Lebon

"He who, turning to the old, is able to discover the new, is worthy of being a teacher." Confucius

"Each nation - great or small - has its own unique crystal, which must be able to highlight." I.N. Shevelev

“Learn to rule yourself” A.S. Pushkin

“Good people become more by exercise than by nature.” Democritus

"Man does what he is and becomes what he does." R. Musil

"Man is inconceivable without contact with the people around him." A.M. Yakovlev

“Man simply exists, and he is not only what he imagines himself to be, but what he wants to become.” J.P. Sartre

“Man will become, first of all, what he is designed to be.” J.P. Sartre

“Man is a being who rushes towards the future and realizes that he is projecting himself into the future.” J.P. Sartre

"Human essence is present only in communication, in the unity of man with man." L. Feuerbach
“The higher the position of a person, the more strict should be the framework that restrains the self-will of his character.” G. Freitag

"I'm too proud of my country to be a nationalist." J. Wolfrom

Use the list of possible topics when preparing and writing an essay ().

Topics are divided into blocks:

1. Philosophy
2. Social Psychology
3. Economy
4. Sociology
5. Political science

Philosophy Essay Topics

• "Man is unthinkable outside of society." L. Tolstoy
• "Man is of value to society only insofar as he serves it." A. France
• "Only he comprehends the truth, who carefully studies nature, people and himself." N.N. Pirogov
• "History by itself can neither compel a person nor draw him into a dirty business." P. Sartre
• “History is the truth that becomes a lie. A myth is a lie that becomes the truth." J. Cocteau
• "A world in which evil would prevail over good would not exist or would disappear." E. Renan
• “To see and feel is to be, to think is to live.” W. Shakespeare
• “Our views are like our clocks: they all show different times, but everyone believes only his own.” A. Pop
• "World history is the sum of all that could have been avoided." B. Russell
• "Life has exactly the value we want it to have." I. Berdyaev
• "Society does not necessarily conform to political boundaries." S. Turner
• “We should strive to learn facts, not opinions, and, on the contrary, find a place for these facts in the system of our opinions.” G. Lichtenberg
• "Knowledge and life are inseparable." L. Feuchtwanger
• "The fullness of knowledge always means some misunderstanding of the depth of our ignorance." R. Milliken
• “To acquire knowledge is still not enough for a person; one must be able to give it away in growth.” I. Goethe
• “To know is to fully understand the whole of nature.” F. Nietzsche
• "There are two kinds of knowledge: one by means of the senses, the other by thought." Democritus
• "He who has not studied the man in himself will never reach a deep knowledge of people." N.G. Chernyshevsky
• "Society is a set of stones that would collapse if one did not support the other." Seneca
• “In an immoral society, all inventions that increase the power of man over nature are not only not good, but an undeniable and obvious evil.” L. Tolstoy
• "There is no progress without struggle." F. Douglas
• "Man out of society or god or beast." Aristotle
• “Man is not a thing, but a living being, which can be understood only in the long process of its development. At any moment of his life, he is not yet what he can become, and what he may yet become. Aristotle
• “If a person has a “why” to live, he can withstand any “how”. F. Nietzsche
• "A child at the moment of birth is not a man, but only a candidate for man." A. Pieron
• "Man is a fundamental novelty in nature." ON THE. Berdyaev
• "Man is the only animal for whom his own existence is a problem: he must solve it, and there is no escape from it." E. Fromm
• "The pains of creativity and the joys of creativity are a single whole." I. Shevelev
• "Man is nature's unexpected, beautiful, painful attempt to realize itself." V. Shukshin
• “The most important task of civilization is to teach man to think.” T. Edison
• “Man is meant to live in society; he is not fully human and contradicts his essence if he lives as a hermit. I. Fichte
• "No vessel can hold more than its volume, except for the vessel of knowledge - it is constantly expanding." Arabic proverb
• “Information without human understanding is like an answer without a question – it has no meaning.” A. Maslow
• “Everything that a person touches acquires something human.” S. Marshak
• “In order to know something, you must already know something.” S. Lem
• “Those doubts that theory does not resolve, practice will resolve you.” L. Feuerbach
• "How many, however, there are things that I don't need." Socrates
• “The end can only be achieved when the means itself is already permeated through and through by the own nature of the end.” F. Lassalle
• “If there is no goal, you do nothing, and you do nothing great if the goal is insignificant.” D. Diderot
• "The beast never comes to such a terrible fall as a man comes to." ON THE. Berdyaev
• "Man can do without many things, but not without man." L. Berne
• “In man, the duties of the king are carried out by reason.” E. Rotterdam

Social Psychology Essay Topics

• “We are shaped by the things we do.” Aristotle
• "Everyone wants to be the exception to the rule, and there is no exception to this rule." M. Forbes
• "Man does what he is and becomes what he does." R. Musil
• “The process of socialization is entering the social environment, adapting to it, mastering certain roles and functions, which, following its predecessors, is repeated by each individual throughout the entire history of its formation and development.” B.D. Parygin
• “When explaining any mental phenomena, a person acts as a united set of internal conditions through which all external influences are refracted.” S.L. Rubinstein
• “Without a goal there is no activity, without interests there is no goal, and without activity there is no life.” V.G. Belinsky
• "Man is inconceivable without contact with the people around him." A.M. Yakovlev
• “Man is a being who rushes towards the future and realizes that he is projecting himself into the future.” J.P. Sartre
• “Man will become, first of all, what he is designed to be.” J.P. Sartre
• “Man simply exists, and he is not only what he imagines himself to be, but what he wants to become.” J.P. Sartre
• "Human essence is present only in communication, in the unity of man with man." L. Feuerbach
• "Personality is a person as a carrier of consciousness." K.K. Platonov
• "The family is the primary womb of human culture." I. Ilyin
• "People exist for each other." M. Aurelius
• “Truth is forgotten in disputes. The smartest one stops the argument. L. Tolstoy
• “Look at my children. My former freshness is alive in them. They are the justification for my old age.” W. Shakespeare
• “In married life, the united couple should form, as it were, a single moral personality.” I. Kant
• “The personality of a person is in no sense pre-existent in relation to his activity, like his consciousness, it is generated by it.” A.N. Leontiev
• “One and the same person, entering different teams, changing target settings, can change - sometimes within very significant limits.” Yu.M. Lotman
• “Good people become more by exercise than by nature.” Democritus “We must always try to look not for what separates us from other people, but for what we have with
• them in common." D. Reskin
• “To decipher man means, in essence, to try to find out how the world was formed and how it
• must continue to form” P. Teilhard de Chardin
• "A role is not a person, but ... an image behind which it is hidden." A.N. Leontiev
• "He who, turning to the old, is able to discover the new, is worthy of being a teacher." Confucius
• “Independence and freethinking are the essence of creativity.” F. Mitterrand
• "The mere absence of vice does not imply the presence of virtue." A. Machado
• “We need to stand on our own feet and look the world straight in the face…see the world for what it is and not be afraid of it.” B. Russell
• "People are born only with pure nature, and only then do their fathers make them Jews, Christians or fire worshipers." Saadi
• “There is no unconditional opposition between tradition and reason… Preservation of the old is the free attitude of man.” H.G. Gadamer
• "Becoming part of an organized crowd, a person descends several steps down the ladder of civilization." G. Lebon
• “Learn to rule yourself” A.S. Pushkin
• "The great secret of any behavior is social behavior ... Not in the least degree would I dare to say anything about how a person will behave in a group." F. Bartlett
• "The pinnacle of ourselves, the crown of our originality, is not our individuality, but our personality." P. Teilhard de Chardin
• "Without society, man would be pathetic, lacking the urge to improve." W. Godwin
• “Nature creates man, but society develops and shapes him.” V.G. Belinsky
• "Family interests almost always ruin the interests of the public." F. Bacon
• “All marriages are successful. Difficulties begin when life begins together. F. Sagan
• "All kinds of arts serve the greatest of the arts - the art of living on Earth." B. Brecht
• “The great goal of education is not knowledge, but action” G. Spencer
• “Morality is not a list of actions and not a collection of rules that can be used like pharmaceutical or culinary recipes” D. Dewey

Economics Essay Topics

• “Without development there is no entrepreneurial profit, without the latter there is no development.” J. Schumpeter
• "Wherever there is commerce, there are mild manners." C. Montesquieu
• "Economic competition is not war, but rivalry in the interests of each other." E. Kannan
• “To make a lot of money is courage, to keep their wisdom, and to spend it skillfully is an art.” B.Auerbach
• "Competitiveness is born not in the world market, but within the country." M. Porter
• "Socialism is an equal distribution of squalor, while capitalism is an unequal distribution of bliss." W. Churchill
• "Business is the art of getting money out of another person's pocket without resorting to violence." M. Amsterdam
• “Wealth is not in the possession of treasures, but in the ability to use them.” Napoleon I
• "All commerce is an attempt to foresee the future." S. Butler
• "The surest profit is that which is the result of thrift." Publius Cyrus
• "Whoever wants the least, has the least need." Publius Cyrus
• "Moderation is the wealth of the poor, greed is the poverty of the rich." Publius Cyrus
• "Economics is the art of satisfying unlimited needs with limited resources." L. Peter
• "There are no free breakfasts." B. Crane
• “The whole advantage of having money lies in the ability to use it.” B. Franklin
• “Markets, like parachutes, only work when they are open.” G. Schmidt
• “A recession is when your neighbor loses his job, a crisis is when you lose your job.” G. Truman
• "The market price of each commodity is governed by the ratio between the quantity currently offered on the market and the demand of those who are willing to pay its natural price for this commodity." A. Smith
• "The indispensable condition for the operation of economic laws is free competition." A. Smith
• “Taxes are the price we pay to live in a civilized society.” OU. Holmes
• "Each person should be given an equal right to pursue his own benefit, and the whole society benefits from this." A. Smith
• “The effectiveness of a particular economic system should be judged by comparing it with alternative options ...” A. Smith
• "Friendship based on business is preferable to business based on friendship." J. Rockefeller
• "Even the most generous person tries to pay cheaper for what is bought daily." B. Show
• “Economy is the ability to make the best use of life.” B. Show
• “Capital is the portion of wealth that we sacrifice to increase our wealth.” A. Marshall
• "Money is the measure of all things traded." A.N. Radishchev
• "The first rule of business is to treat others as they would like to treat you." Ch. Dickens
• “Wealth is an extra luxury, it is a theft committed from others.” R. Rollan
• "Happiness is not in money, but in how to increase it." American proverb
• "Money either dominates its owner or serves him." Horace
• “What must not be forgotten is the simple truth: everything that the government gives, it first took away.” D. Coleman
• "Property is theft." P.Zh. Proudhon
• "Poverty is slavery, but excessive wealth is also slavery." J. Jaures
• "True poor is only one who wants more than he can have." A. Jussier
• "In the ordinary and daily state of affairs, the demand for any goods precedes their supply." D. Ricardo
• "It is not the art of acquiring that should be learned, but the art of spending." I. Stobey
• "Savings make up the richest income." I. Stobey
• "Taxes are money levied on a part of society for the benefit of the whole." I. Sherr
• "Competition provides the best qualities of products and develops the worst qualities of people." D. Sarnoff
• "Without competitors, even a very rich country can quickly decline." E. Grove
• "The pursuit of profit is the only way people can satisfy the needs of those they don't know at all." F. Hayek
• "Three things make a nation great and prosperous: fertile soil, active industry, and ease of movement of people and goods." F. Bacon
• “Not to lay a hand on amateur performance, but to develop it, creating favorable conditions for its use - this is the true task of the state in the national economy.” S.Yu. Witte

Political Science Essay Topics

• "Politics disguises lies into truth and truth into lies." P. Buast
• "Good politics is no different from healthy morality." G.B. de Mably
• "Politics is about business decisions, not long-winded speeches about decisions." F. Burlatsky
• “Politics is essentially power: the ability to achieve a desired result, by whatever means.” E Heywood
• “Politics is the art of adapting to circumstances and taking advantage of what is disgusting.” O. Bismarck
• "There is no human soul that can withstand the temptations of power." Plato
• "Power is dangerous when the conscience is at odds in it." W. Shakespeare
• "The whole secret of politics is to know the time to lie, and to know the time to remain silent." Marquise de Pompadour
• "Morality without politics is useless; politics without morality is inglorious." A.P. Sumarokov
• "The most fatal mistake that has ever been made in the world is the separation of political science from moral science." P. Shelley
• "High places make great people greater, and low places lower." J. La Bruyère
• "International politics, like any other, is a struggle for power." G. Morgenthau
• "Political culture is just a manifestation of how people perceive politics and how they interpret what they see." S. Verba
• “The difference between a statesman and a politician is that a politician is oriented towards the next elections, and a statesman is oriented towards the next generations.” W. Churchill
• "The rulers become clever vote-pickers." K.P. Pobedonostsev
• “State power is the will of some (those in power) based on independent strength to subjugate the will of others (subjects). G.F. Shershenevich
• "The state is the territory of power." A. Kruglov
• "States are acquired either by one's own or by someone else's weapons, or by the grace of fate, or by valor." N. Machiavelli
• "The more developed the state, the more it is removed from society." V.B. Shepherds
• "The task of the state is only to eliminate evil and the state is not obliged to promote the well-being of citizens." W. Humboldt
• “Next to the activities of the state, it is necessary to provide an opportunity and a wide range of personal freedom. The goal of social life consists in the harmonious agreement of both elements, and not in the sacrifice of one in favor of the other. B. Chicherin
• "Justice is a public good." Aristotle
• “The well-being of the state is ensured not by the money that it annually releases to officials, but by the money that it annually leaves in the pockets of citizens” I. Eötvös
• "There are no single and the same ideas of individual freedom, the legal system, the constitutional state, the same for all peoples." B. Kistyakovsky
• "The greatness and sanctity of the state consists, first of all, in the steady implementation of justice." A. Steel
• “Any government degrades if it is entrusted only to the rulers of the people. Only the people themselves are the reliable custodian of power and the people.” T. Jefferson
• "Total obedience to the law of kindness will eliminate the need for government and state." O. Frontingham
• “Lack of money, but of people and talents, makes the state weak.” Voltaire
• “In a democracy, a person not only enjoys the greatest possible power, but also bears the greatest possible responsibility.” N. Cousins
• "Democracy does not mean that people actually govern, but only that they have the opportunity to elect rulers." J. Schumpeter
• "We choose democracy not because it is replete with virtues, but to avoid tyranny." K. Popper
• "The principle of democracy decays not only when the spirit of equality is lost, but also when the spirit of equality is carried to the extreme and everyone wants to be equal to those whom he has chosen to rule." Sh.-L. Montesquieu
• “The democratic system is far from always and not everywhere in place. It has its necessary foundations or "prerequisites": if they are not there, then democracy does not give anything but long-term decay and death. I. Ilyin
• “A participant in a democratic system needs personal character and devotion to the motherland, traits that ensure certainty of outlook, incorruptibility, responsibility and civil courage in him.” I. Ilyin
• "When a tyrant rules, the people are silent, and the laws do not work." Saadi
• “If people hoped to find better conditions for themselves in a tyrannical state of a firm hand, they rushed there headlong” F. Guicciardini
• “A tyrant is a robber who is not afraid of either judgment or punishment. This is a judge without trial and law. Y. Krizhanich
• "Totalitarianism is a political system that has infinitely expanded its intervention in the lives of citizens." I. Ilyin
• “At the head of it (totalitarianism) march the most ruthless, those who have nothing to lose, to whom war is their mother, and civil war is their fatherland.” C. Hayden
• “The best should rule in all states and under all regimes. Any regime is bad if the worst govern under it. I. Ilyin
• "There is a minimum level of education and awareness without which every vote becomes its own caricature." I. Ilyin
• "Citizen's freedom is the basis of the rule of law." Robert von Mol Jurisprudence
• “All power presupposes a minimum of law, all law presupposes a minimum of power.” B.P. Vysheslavtsev
• "The more developed, more mature and deeper the legal consciousness, the more perfect the law." I.A. Ilyin
• "The freedom of one person ends where the freedom of another begins." M. Bakunin
• "The right of man must be considered sacred, no matter what sacrifices it may cost the ruling power." I. Kant
• "Legality is one of the greatest achievements of the liberal era, which served not only as a shield of freedom, but as a well-functioning legal mechanism for its implementation." F. Hayek
• "Punishment cannot be eternal, but guilt endures forever." A saying from Roman law "In sound theory, as well as in practice, freedom only becomes a right when it is recognized by law." B. Chicherin
• "A people with a developed sense of justice should be interested in and cherish their court as the guardian and body of their law and order." B. Kistyakovsky
• "The strong power of the coming Russia will not be extra-legal and not super-legal, but formalized by law and serving by law, with the help of law - the national legal order." I. Ilyin
• "Society is forced to constantly make efforts to orient its entire legal and political system towards the observance of human rights." J. Maritain
• “The law is the right of property based on power; where there is no power, there the law dies.” N. Chamfort
• "The law reveals its beneficial effect only to those who obey it." Democritus
• "Any atrocity has its own morality that justifies it." W. Schwebel
• “I consider it obligatory for everyone to unquestioningly and unswervingly obey the laws.” Socrates
• "What is a right and what is an offense, this should be determined by the law." Latin legal saying
• "Intention must be subject to laws, not laws to intentions." Latin legal saying
• "The presumption is valid until proven otherwise." Latin legal saying
• "When the law gives a right, it also gives a remedy for it." Latin legal saying
• “In the old days they said that the law lives with freedom like a cat and a dog. Every law is bondage." N.M. Karamzin
• “Laws are good, but they still need to be well implemented in order for people to be happy.” N.M. Karamzin
• "The law exists in vain for those who have neither the courage nor the means to defend it." T. Macaulay
• “The law is not a web through which large flies break through and small flies get stuck.” O. Balzac
• “Laws should have the same meaning for everyone.” C. Montesquieu
• “Laws are needed not only to frighten citizens, but also to help them.” Voltaire
• "The law should be like death, which spares no one." C. Montesquieu
• "The cruelty of laws hinders their observance." C. Montesquieu
• “Not to be subject to any law means to be deprived of the most saving protection, for the laws must protect us not only from others, but also from ourselves.” G. Heine
• "Bad laws are the worst kind of tyranny." E. Burke
• "To leave a crime unpunished is to become its accomplice." P. Crebillon
• “Law is not a concept of logic, but of force.” R. Yering
• “Submission to the law is required by right, and not begged for as a favor.” T. Roosevelt
• “It is impossible for a person, as a spiritual being, to live on earth without law” I. Ilyin
• "Look into the causes of all licentiousness and you will see that it stems from impunity." C. Montesquieu
• "He who defends his right defends the right in general." R. Yering
• "He who spares the guilty punishes the innocent." Axiom of law
• "The legislator must think like a philosopher and speak like a peasant." G. Jellinek
• "The purpose of punishment is not revenge, but correction." A.N. Radishchev
• “Terrible lawlessness can be committed under the guise of right over right itself.” R. Yering
• "For citizens, the right is the permission to do whatever is not forbidden." L. Tolstoy
• "Citizens enjoy the greater freedom, the more cases the laws leave to their discretion." T. Hobbes
• “Everything that does not restrict the freedom of other people is allowed, and therefore not prescribed.” G. Hegel
• "I see the imminent destruction of that state, where the law has no force and is under someone's authority." Plato
• "The foundations of every state and the foundation of any country rest on fairness and justice." As-Samarakandi
• "The true equality of citizens consists in their being equally subject to the laws." J. D'Alembert
• "We must be slaves to the laws in order to be free." Cicero
• “Other crimes are so loud and grandiose that we justify them and even glorify them: for example, we call robbing the treasury dexterity, and we call the unjust seizure of foreign lands conquest.” F. La Rochefoucauld
• "Ignorance of the law is not an excuse. But knowledge often liberates. S. Lets
• "The reform of morals must begin with the reform of the laws." K. Helvetius
• "Unjust laws do not create law." Cicero
• "The true equality of citizens is that they are all equally subject to the laws." J. D'Alembert

Essay Topics in Sociology

• “Children give their debt to their parents to their children.” I.N. Shevelev
• "The family is the crystal of society." V. Hugo
• "The family is more sacred than the state." Pius XI
• "A woman, like a caryatid, props up the family hearth." I.N. Shevelev
• "The roots of nationalism are in the division of the population into indigenous and non-indigenous." I.N. Shevelev
• "Each nation - great or small - has its own unique crystal, which must be able to highlight." I.N. Shevelev
• "Nationalism is not love for one's own nation, but hatred for another." I.N. Shevelev
• "The lack of a sense of national dignity is as disgusting as the other extreme - nationalism." I.N. Shevelev
• "The greatness of a people is not at all measured by its number, just as the greatness of a man is not measured by his height." V. Hugo
• "I'm too proud of my country to be a nationalist." J. Wolfrom
• "A nation does not need cruelty to be steadfast." F. Roosevelt
• "No nation can achieve prosperity until it realizes that plowing a field is as worthy an occupation as writing a poem." B. Washington
• "Every nationality is the wealth of a single and fraternally united humanity, and not an obstacle in its path." ON THE. Berdyaev
• “Nations are the wealth of mankind, these are its generalized personalities; the smallest of them carries its own special colors. A. Solzhenitsyn
• "Of all the threads that bind a person to his homeland, the strongest is his native language." I.N. Shevelev
• “A nation is a collection of people, different in character, tastes and views, but interconnected by strong, deep and comprehensive spiritual ties.” D. Gibran
• “A nation is a community of people who, through a common destiny, acquire a single character.” O. Bauer
• "There is not a single real sign for the definition of an ethnos applicable to all known cases." L.N. Gumilyov
• "Love all other nations as your own." V. Solovyov
• "Classes will disappear as inevitably as they inevitably arose in the past." F. Engels
• “Inequality lies in nature itself; it is an inevitable consequence of freedom.” J.Renan
• "Inequality is as good a law of nature as any other." I. Sherr
• “The equality of man in society has in mind only rights, but it concerns states no more than growth, strength, mind, activity, labor.” P. Vergniaud
• “The higher the position of a person, the more strict should be the framework that restrains the self-will of his character.” G. Freitag
• "Very rich people are not like you and me." F.S. Fitzgerald
• "The same social role is experienced, evaluated and implemented differently by different people." I.S. Kon
• "Take the place and position that befits you, and everyone will recognize it." R. Emerson
• "Having obeyed the law of the crowd, we return to the stone age." S. Parkinson
• "Society is a balance beam that cannot raise some without lowering others." J. Vanier
• "Accurate knowledge of society is among our most recent acquisitions." E. Giddens
• “Society is not a simple group of individuals, but a system…”. E.E. Durkheim
• “Marginality is the result of conflict with social norms.” A. Farzhd
• “A mass is a multitude of people without any special merit.” J. Ortega y Gaset
• "Freedom is the right to inequality." ON THE. Berdyaev
• “It is not good to be too free. It is not good not to know the need for anything.” B. Pascal
• "It is easy to preach morality, it is difficult to justify it." A. Schopenhauer
• "The process of socialization in simple and complex societies proceeds differently." I. Robertson
• “We make rules for others, exceptions for ourselves.” Sh. Lemel
• “Great authority must be used carefully, like all heavy ones: otherwise you can accidentally crush someone.” E. Servus
• “Youth is the time for acquiring wisdom.” J.-J. Rousseau
• "A person ... acquires a sense of justice very early, but very late or does not acquire the concept of justice at all." I. Kant
• "Who knows how to deal with conflicts by recognizing them, takes control of the rhythm of history." R. Dahrendorf
• “It is much more important to instill in people morals and customs than to give them laws and courts.” O. Mirabeau