Properties, or personality traits, are characteristics that most accurately describe the deepest characteristics of a person, something that gives an idea of his manner of communicating with society, responding to certain situations, not only at this particular moment, but also during long-term contact with others.
Personality traits can be of a social nature and be innate characteristics of a particular individual.
Classification of personality traits
The main character traits are usually divided into three groups:
- The attitude of the individual to society, the surrounding people (in other words, the attitude to the external environment).
- Attitude towards oneself.
- Attitude to learning and work, that is, to activity.
Emotional character traits, such as apathy or cheerfulness, aggressiveness or good nature, impulsiveness or isolation, lovingness, capriciousness, irascibility, melancholy, and so on, are formed at an early stage in the formation of the psyche, that is, in early childhood.
intellectual traits ( prudence, insight, independence, etc.) and strong-willed(masculinity, assertiveness, prudence, pedantry, etc.) character traits, on the contrary, are acquired during life, being formed under the influence of various external situations.
Characteristics such as the following are not personality traits:
In the formation of a person's personality, natural predisposition will be of great importance, as well as the influence of temperament and hereditary genes on it.
However, one should not underestimate the role played by the environment of the child in the formation of his character. It is no less important than innate features. The kid learns the world around him and learns to act in different situations in one way or another. At first, this process occurs reflexively, and then becomes the result of a conscious choice. It is this choice that determines the further development of the personality, its growth..
Main character traits
In any person, you can find an interweaving of a wide variety of personality traits, both positive and negative. While it is impossible to say with absolute certainty that a particular character trait is positive or negative, for example, a propensity for all sorts of adventures can both help in prosperity and create huge problems, depending on how deliberately a person participates in adventures.
Envy, for example, is commonly referred to as an extremely negative personality trait, but it can encourage the envious person to move forward and achieve much more than others. In general, it can be said that the determining role is played not so much by a specific character trait as by the ability to apply it correctly, as well as its combination with other personality traits. But from a moral point of view, the most characteristic personality traits are still usually divided into negative and positive.
Negative Traits
Positive features
The list of positive character traits can be very long, but the most significant include:
Of course, all of the above is not an axiom, and it is almost impossible to predict how a particular person will react to a particular situation, how he will behave in it, even knowing him closely. Besides, negative character traits can be:
- decrease,
- turn into positive.
However, this is achieved by long and hard work on oneself, and, unfortunately, not many people can do this.
Character- this is an internal set of personal qualities, a person's temperament, affecting the development of his inner consciousness, individuality, emotionality. A person, living in a social environment, is constantly in interaction with other people. Thus, he must listen to each other, learn to show his human nature. To understand what character traits can be, it is necessary to understand how a person relates to himself (internal introspection), to the surrounding society, to work. Correctly, having understood the characteristics of character, you can learn how to solve any unpleasant situation.
The character of a person is laid even in the hospital, and over time, distinctive features and traits are revealed. Character traits most often manifest themselves in very different ways depending on the types of temperament. Discipline and organization are given faster to a phlegmatic person, a melancholic person is kinder, more responsive, a sanguine person and a choleric person are excellent organizers. But it is not necessary to cover up the flaws of one's own character with an "innate" temperament. In fact, a person, regardless of his temperament, can develop absolutely any character trait.
In the modern world, there are more than a hundred definitions of various character traits. A person can have several of them, and different, opposite ones. Traits can be both positive and negative, it all depends on what direction they have. Therefore, it is impossible to give an absolute assessment that this is a terrible character trait, and this is a wonderful one. Despite the subjectivity of this classification, it is still possible to divide the traits into positive and negative, based on social and moral values.
The main negative aspects of character
Anger. Such an emotion as anger contains a destructive attitude towards the public, towards work, towards one's personality. If such a reaction is not an instant impulse, but has a pattern, then we can conclude that its origins can go far into the past, into childhood resentment and fears.
excessive arrogance. In a religious environment - a serious sin. A person with such a quality cannot adequately assess what is happening, therefore, it can be dangerous both for himself and for others.
Selfishness. Selfishness can become the progenitor of many other negative human traits.
Jealousy has a close relationship with arrogance and selfishness, because it has a sense of ownership, it has a destructive effect on both a person and others, it is very dangerous and gives rise to rash actions.
Greed or greed, can manifest itself both in material values (food, money, things) and emotional (fame, pleasure).
Envy eats a person from the inside, constantly gnawing him like a worm. It destroys good ties in society.
Cruelty brings nothing but pain, suffering, tears. Many scientists argue that this trait is characteristic of insecure, fearful people.
Main positive features
The following character traits are the exact opposite of the previous ones.
Kindness completely opposed to anger. Kindness hides selfless acts that only adorn any person, people will be drawn to him.
Humility. Someone considers this quality to be slave, but still it is not. This trait is very peaceful and helps to get out of any negative situations.
Altruism- the complete opposite of selfishness. An altruist helps others, but not for his own benefit, but absolutely disinterestedly, because he is overwhelmed with a feeling of love, responsiveness, and mutual assistance. But nowadays, such a feature is becoming less and less common.
Confidence, that's what the jealous people lack. A remarkable feature that carries wisdom and rationalism.
Generosity makes a person unique if it permeates his essence in all directions. Only it should come from the soul, the heart, and not from greedy motives.
benevolence often confused with kindness. But the difference between benevolence is that it is more aimed at the attitude towards people, is the complete antipode of envy. Goodwill is a sincere trait, it should not be pompous and feigned.
Mercy is the best character trait. Thanks to mercy, a person grows spiritually, learns, loves the world in all its manifestations.
There are many other character traits that can be emotional, strong-willed or intellectual. They are developed already in the period of adulthood and are based on life experience. With age comes independence, determination, thoughtfulness, curiosity. A person's character can take both positive and negative sides. Different combinations of character traits lead to certain actions. For example, anger and assertiveness will lead to destructive events, and interacting with kindness can save more than one life.
Every person is unique. He has his own unique appearance, interests, upbringing, predisposition to actions and character. Such traits may be similar in different people, but the totality of features will never be repeated. All this affects the feelings of a person that arises when interacting with society. Understanding yourself can help.
Character - a set of unique stable personality traits that reflect people's attitude to the world around them through their behavior and actions.
An outstanding German psychiatrist divides into 12 types. Let's consider them in more detail.
extroverted. People with such are sociable and open, have many friends and acquaintances, are attentive listeners, but are frivolous and verbose, prone to gossip.
introverted- the opposite of extroverts, the peculiarity lies in isolation, the desire for reflection, adherence to principles.
emotive- a kind person who knows how to empathize, but tends to keep grievances within himself and has a small social circle.
Demonstrative type - people are polite, artistic, interact with others without problems. However, they can be hypocritical, selfish, boastful, lazy, they will gladly accept power and praise.
Exalted. This is possessed by very sociable, disinterested and emotional people. The disadvantage lies in the tendency to hype and amorousness.
Pedantic personalities strictly observe all the rules, are accurate and reliable, conflict-free, but intrusive and always dissatisfied with something.
Characters of people stuck types are typical for moderately sociable, fair, ambitious and striving for leadership individuals. Their disadvantage is tediousness, resentment, vindictiveness and jealousy.
Characters of people with hyperthymic type are optimistic, actively interact with others, sociable, have lively facial expressions. Their flaw is frivolity, irritability, irresponsibility, a tendency to conflict.
Personalities distimic type - on the contrary, uncommunicative, friendly, serious and conscientious. The disadvantages include passivity, pessimism, slowness in movements.
To cycloid include people with frequent changes in mood and ways of communicating.
Closely interconnected with their temperament (that is, the mental manifestation of the nervous system). It is given to the individual from birth. With a great desire or under the influence of the outside world, the character of people is corrected, and it is almost impossible to change the temperament. In the best case, this will only be possible by 20-25%. It is divided into four categories: choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, melancholic. In their pure form, they are not found in any person. Usually all groups are combined, but to varying degrees.
Human character traits and their manifestation
03.04.2015Snezhana Ivanova
Character traits always leave an imprint on a person's behavior, and also affect his actions.
Throughout his life, each person shows his individual characteristics, which are reflected not only in his behavior or the specifics of communication, but also determine the attitude towards activities, himself and other people. All these features, manifested in life, both in scientific use and in everyday life, are called character.
Definition of "character"
In psychology, character is understood as a certain set of human traits that are pronounced and relatively stable. Character traits always leave an imprint on a person's behavior, and also affect his actions.
In psychological dictionaries, you can find a fairly large number of definitions of character, but they all boil down to the fact that character is a set of the most persistent individual psychological characteristics of a person, which always manifest themselves in its activities and social behavior, as well as in the system of relations:
- to the team;
- to other people;
- to work;
- to the surrounding reality (to the world);
- to yourself.
The term itself character» ( in lane from Greek character - chasing or printing) was introduced by the ancient Greek philosopher and naturalist, a student of Plato and closest friend of Aristotle Theophrastus. And here it is worth paying special attention to the translation of the word - chasing or printing. Indeed, the character seems to emerge as a kind of pattern on a person's personality, thus creating a unique seal that distinguishes its owner from other individuals. Such a design, as well as a coat of arms or an emblem on the personal seal of the medieval nobility, is drawn on a certain basis with the help of specific signs and letters. Temperament is the basis for engraving an individual personality, and bright and individual character traits are the basis for engraving .
Character traits as a tool for psychological assessment and understanding of a person
In psychology, character traits are understood as individual, rather complex features that are the most indicative for a person and make it possible to predict with a high degree of probability his behavior in a particular situation. That is, knowing that a particular person has certain traits, one can predict his subsequent actions and possible actions in a particular case. For example, if a person has a pronounced feature of responsiveness, then there is a high probability that at a difficult moment in life he will come to the rescue.
A feature is one of the most important and essential parts of a person, its stable quality and a well-established way of interacting with the surrounding reality. The personality trait crystallizes and reflects its integrity. A person's character trait is a real way to solve many life situations (both activity and communication) and therefore they need to be considered from the point of view of the future. So, character traits are a prediction of the actions and actions of a person, since they are persistent and make a person's behavior predictable and more obvious. Due to the fact that each person is unique, there is a huge variety of unique character traits.
Each person acquires special features of his character throughout his life in society, and it is impossible to consider all individual signs (features) as characterological. Such will be only those who, regardless of the life situation and circumstances, will always manifest themselves in an identical way of behavior and the same attitude in the surrounding reality.
Thus, in order to assess personality psychologists (to characterize it) as an individual, it is necessary to determine not the entire sum of a person’s individual qualities, but to highlight those traits and qualities of character that are distinctive from other people. Despite the fact that these features are individual and different, they must constitute a structural integrity.
Character traits of a person are a priority in the study of his personality, as well as for understanding and predicting his actions, actions and behavior. Indeed, we perceive and understand any kind of human activity as a manifestation of certain traits of his character. But, characterizing a personality as a social being, it is not so much the manifestation of traits in activity that becomes important, but what exactly this activity is aimed at (and also what the human will serves). In this case, one should pay attention to the content side of the character, and more specifically, to those character traits of the personality that make up the general structure as its mental warehouse. They are expressed in: integrity-contradiction, unity-disintegration, static-dynamic, breadth-narrowness, strength-weakness.
List of human traits
human character- this is not only a certain combination of some features (or a random set of them), but the most complex mental formation, which is a certain system. This system consists of many of the most stable qualities of a personality, as well as its properties that are manifested in various systems of human relations (to work, to one's work, to the world around, to things, to oneself and to other people). In these relations, the structural nature of the character, its content and individuality of originality finds its expression. The table below describes the main character traits (their groups) that find their manifestation in various systems of human relations.
Persistent traits (symptom complexes) of character, manifested in personality relationships
In addition to the traits that manifest themselves in the system of relations, psychologists have identified traits of a person's character that can be attributed to the cognitive and emotional-volitional spheres. So character traits are divided into:
- cognitive (or intellectual) - curiosity, theoreticality, criticality, resourcefulness, analyticity, thoughtfulness, practicality, flexibility, frivolity;
- emotional (sensibility, passion, emotionality, cheerfulness, sentimentality, etc.);
- volitional traits (perseverance, determination, independence, etc.);
- moral traits (kindness, honesty, justice, humanity, cruelty, responsiveness, patriotism, etc.).
Representative of the humanistic trend in psychology Gordon Allport personality traits are grouped into three main categories:
- dominant (those that most of all determine all forms of human behavior, his actions and deeds, such as selfishness or kindness);
- ordinary (which manifest themselves equally in all spheres of life, for example, parity and humanity);
- secondary (they do not have the same influences as dominant or ordinary, for example, it can be diligence or a love of music).
So, the main character traits are manifested in various spheres of mental activity and the system of personality relations. All these relationships are fixed in different ways of action and forms of human behavior that are most familiar to him. Between existing features, certain regular relationships are always established that allow you to create a structural character. She, in turn, helps to predict, according to the character trait of a person already known to us, others who are hidden from us, which makes it possible to predict his subsequent actions and actions.
Any structure, including character, has its own hierarchy. Thus, character traits also have a certain hierarchy, so there are main (leading) and secondary traits that are subordinate to the leading ones. It is possible to predict the actions of a person and his behavior, relying not only on the main features, but also on secondary ones (despite the fact that they are less significant and do not manifest themselves so clearly).
Typical and individual in character
The bearer of character is always a person, and his traits are manifested in activities, relationships, actions, behavior, ways of acting in the family, in a team, at work, among friends, etc. This manifestation always reflects the typical and individual in the character, because they exist in an organic unity (thus, the typical is always the basis for the individual manifestation of character).
What is meant by typical character? A character is called typical if there is a set of essential features that are common to a certain group of people. This set of features reflects the general conditions of life of a particular group. In addition, these traits should be manifested (to a greater or lesser extent) in each representative of this group. The totality of distinctive typical features is a condition for the emergence of a certain.
Typical and individual in character is most clearly expressed in a person’s relationship to other people, because interpersonal contacts are always conditioned by certain social conditions of life, the corresponding level of cultural and historical development of society and the formed spiritual world of the person himself. Attitude towards other people is always evaluative and manifests itself in different ways (approval-condemnation, support-misunderstanding) depending on the existing circumstances. This manifestation is expressed depending on the person's assessment of the actions and behavior of others, or rather their positive and negative character traits.
Typical traits of a person's character in terms of their intensity are manifested in each individually. So, for example, individual traits can reveal themselves so strongly and vividly that they become unique in their own way. It is in this case that the typical in character passes into the individual.
Positive character traits and their manifestation
Both typical and individual in character, finds its manifestation in the systems of personality relations. This is due to the presence in the character of a person of certain traits (both positive and negative). So, for example, in relation to work or one's own business, such positive character traits as diligence, discipline and organization are manifested.
As for interpersonal communications and attitudes towards other people, the following are good character traits: honesty, openness, justice, adherence to principles, humanity, etc. All these features allow you to build constructive communication and quickly establish contacts with people around you.
It should be noted that there are a lot of individual character traits. But among them it is necessary to single out, first of all, those that have the greatest influence on the formation of a person’s spirituality and him (it is in this context that the best trait of a person’s character, humanity, finds its manifestation). These traits are even more important in the process of upbringing and development of the younger generation, because the same traits are formed differently depending on situations, the presence of other character traits and the orientation of the personality itself.
Highlighting the good qualities of character, one should not forget about their possible curvature, or the presence of obvious negative traits that a person needs to fight. Only in this case will the harmonious and holistic development of the personality be observed.
Negative character traits and their manifestation
In relation to the behavior, actions and activities of other people, a person always forms traits of a certain character - positive and negative. This happens according to the principle of analogy (that is, identification with what is acceptable) and opposition (with what is included in the list of unacceptable and wrong). Attitude towards oneself can be positive or negative, which primarily depends on the level of development and the ability to adequately evaluate oneself ( that is, from the formed level). A high level of self-consciousness is evidenced by the presence of the following positive features: high demands on oneself, and self-esteem, as well as responsibility. And, on the contrary, such negative character traits as self-confidence, selfishness, immodesty, etc., speak of an insufficient level of development of self-consciousness.
Negative character traits (in principle, as well as positive ones are manifested) in the four main systems of human relations. For example, in the "attitude to work" system, among the negative features are irresponsibility, carelessness and formality. And among the negative features that manifest themselves in interpersonal communication, it is worth highlighting isolation, stinginess, boastfulness and disrespect.
It should be noted that negative character traits, which are manifested in the system of human relations with other people, almost always contribute to the emergence of conflicts, misunderstanding and aggression, which subsequently leads to the emergence of destructive forms of communication. That is why every person who wants to live in harmony with others and with himself should think about cultivating positive traits in his character and getting rid of destructive, negative traits.
Hello, dear readers of the blog site. "That's character!" - we are talking about a person who is tough in his judgments, purposeful in life and unbending under the blows of fate.
As a rule, this remark is pronounced with a share of envy and admiration. While "characterless" people do not inspire respect from others.
What is the difference between the first type of people and the second? And is it true that a person can have no character?
What is character
In fact, everyone has character. Translated from the ancient Greek language, this term literally means "sign", " hell», « hallmark».
Extending the definition, it turns out that character is a collection stable personality traits, properties of her psyche, which determine behavior, reactions and other manifestations of a person.
For example, in the same situation, people behave differently: a lonely, small kitten will cause someone pity and a desire to feed and warm. Others will remain indifferent to the defenseless creature.
In the first case, a person is endowed with kindness, kindness, the ability of his distinctive features. In the second case, they are absent.
Each person is endowed with his own unique set of characteristics, therefore no two are exactly the same by the nature of the individual. Even individuals who are very similar at first glance will still find differences between themselves.
Human character traits
Character traits are a huge list of personal qualities, including cruelty, compliance, stubbornness, and irresponsibility, courage and many others.
They may be desirable or positive as well as negative- from which people often want to get rid of (to become bolder, more confident).
The whole set of traits is usually divided into 4 large groups, each of which combines certain properties of the psyche:
- Relationship with other people- openness or isolation, arrogance or respect and others.
- The relationship of a person with yourself- self-criticism or arrogance, or modesty, etc.).
- Attitude to labor activity- accuracy, carelessness, activity - laziness, responsibility - a slipshod approach, etc.).
- Attitude to material things- carelessness or negligence.
All these traits are found in different people in different proportions, thus forming different types of character, which will be described below.
Character type
Scientists have not come to a consensus about what types of character there are. Various figures have developed their own classifications, the most popular of which are the following:
Formation of a person's character
Character begins to form from the first days after birth. By the age of 4-5, the general structure of the personality is already visible, and by the age of 10, the character is already fully “staffed”.
What factors will influence on character traits:
Initially, the baby looks at how his parents treat him. Further, it is with this attitude that he will go to the big world. I.e if he was loved, surrounded with warmth and care, talked about his value, then this is how he will feel among others - significant, important, valuable. This is how he treats people. And vice versa.
What are the types of temperament
What is character, we figured it out. These are the personal characteristics of a person, which are formed from birth. Often it confused with temperament although these concepts are not the same.
Temperament is a property of the nervous system: its mobility, responsiveness, stability. This quality of the individual is innate and, unlike character, is not subject to change.
Temperament can be represented as the basis on which character will subsequently be formed, while the first noticeably influences the second. Hippocrates also wrote, psychology adheres to his classification to this day:
- - an anxious person who does not cope well with stress due to a mobile nervous system;
- - balanced, logical, lively, sociable, optimistic;
- - explosive, impulsive, quick-tempered;
- - stable, hardy personality type, calm and measured.
strength of character
Here it is appropriate to note what strength of character is. This is the stability of traits, the ability to develop and transform them.
A strong character is also called strong-willed, which implies the ability of a person to "pull himself together", go to the target achieve what you want, maintain discipline, and keep promises to yourself and others.
This power is related to the temperament of the individual. For example, a sanguine person has a stronger character than an anxious melancholic.
Good luck to you! See you soon on the blog pages site
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