This text is one of them. What kind of body lies in the mausoleum? Is it Lenin's real body, a doll, or a combination of both? Anthropologist, professor at the University of California at Berkeley (USA) Aleksey Yurchak spoke about how, at the suggestion of the party leadership, the Soviet leader led a double life after death. Lenta.ru publishes fragments of his speech.

Rumors that Lenin's body was not real began to circulate already in the first days after the death of the leader. A few months later, at the end of the summer of 1924, the Mausoleum opened to the first visitors, and Moscow again began to say that there was a wax mummy lying there. The rumors did not stop even in the late 1930s, when their repetition was especially dangerous. In a written denunciation to the GPU, a young Muscovite claimed that her acquaintance had stated in a private conversation that there was only a wax doll in the Mausoleum.

In the early years, this was repeated in the foreign press. To dispel the rumors, in the mid-1930s, the party leadership invited representatives of the Western media to the mausoleum. The American journalist Louis Fisher wrote how, in their presence, Boris Zbarsky, who, together with Vladimir Vorobyov, was the first to embalm Lenin's body, opened a hermetically sealed glass sarcophagus, took the leader by the nose and turned his head left and right to show that this was not a wax figure.

23 percent

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, rumors that Lenin's body was an artificial copy resumed. In response to them, Ilya Zbarsky, the son of the first embalmer, wrote: “I worked in the mausoleum for 18 years, and I know for sure that Lenin’s body is preserved in excellent condition. All sorts of rumors and fictions about an artificial doll and that only the face and hands were preserved from the body have nothing to do with reality.

However, Zbarsky's statement did not stop the rumors from spreading. In the late 90s, versions of the existence of several bodies of Lenin's doubles appeared in the newspapers, which from time to time replace the body of the leader. In response to this, Professor Yury Romakov, the leading expert of the laboratory, explained in an interview with Ekho Moskvy that the body in the mausoleum is the real body of Lenin, is in excellent shape and does not need to be replaced.

In 2008, Vladimir Medinsky, then a member of the State Duma, said that the body of the leader cannot be considered real, but for a different reason: “Do not be deceived by the illusion that what lies in the mausoleum is Lenin. Only 10 percent of his real body remained there.” Vlast weekly decided to check this figure. During the autopsy of Lenin's body and subsequent embalming, internal organs and fluids were removed, which were replaced with embalming solutions. Having calculated the amount of removed material, Vlast came to the conclusion that Deputy Medinsky was somewhat mistaken. In the Mausoleum lies not 10 percent of Lenin's body, but 23.

two bodies

If you take a closer look at the material composition of Lenin's body, it turns out that statements about his inauthenticity have a real basis. It all depends on how you define it. For scientists of the Lenin Laboratory, who have been supporting this body for 92 years, it has always been important to maintain its dynamic shape - that is, physical appearance, weight, color, skin elasticity, joint flexibility. Even today, the joints in Lenin's body bend, the torso and neck twist. It did not harden, did not turn into a dried-up mummy, so calling it a mummy, as it is constantly done in the media, is wrong.

In order to maintain this body in a flexible state, it has been subjected for many years to unique procedures, as a result of which biological materials are replaced with artificial ones. This process is slow, gradual. On the one hand, at the level of a dynamic form, the body is certainly real, on the other hand, at the level of the biomaterials it consists of, it is rather a copy - it all depends on the point of view.

In the Soviet years, a special commission, consisting of party leaders, doctors and biologists, periodically checked the condition of Lenin's body. They studied spots and wrinkles on its surface, the water balance of internal tissues, the elasticity of the skin, the chemical composition of fluids, and joint flexion. The tissues were processed, the fluids were replaced with new ones, wrinkles were smoothed out, the calcium content in the bones was replenished.

From the point of view of these commissions, the condition of Lenin's body even gradually improved. But ordinary visitors always saw him motionless, frozen for centuries, in a glass sarcophagus, dressed in a dark suit. From open areas, visitors see only the hands and head. No one, except for the party leadership and a small group of scientists, saw other parts of Lenin's body, never heard of their condition or the scientific procedures to which the body was subjected.

It exists, as it were, in two modes of vision. The political leadership and close experts have always seen one body, and ordinary citizens - another. The political role played by the body in Soviet history probably goes far beyond a mere propaganda symbol supposedly needed to mobilize the masses in support of the party and government.

Lenin and Leninism

It seems to me that over the years, Lenin's body began to fulfill another political task. To understand this, let's go back to the early 1920s. In the spring of 1922, Lenin felt sick and tired; at the insistence of the party leadership, he left for several months in Gorki near Moscow.

Living there under the supervision of doctors, he continued to lead the party and come to meetings in Moscow. But in May 1922, he had a stroke, as a result of which he temporarily lost the ability to speak, read and write. The party leadership established strict control over information about the political situation in the country, which could reach Lenin.

The new rules reflected not only a real concern for the health of the leader, but also a desire to neutralize a strong political rival. In June 1922, Central Committee Secretary Leonid Serebryakov complained in a letter to a friend that Dzerzhinsky and Smidovich “guarded Lenin like two bulldogs,” preventing anyone from getting close to him or even entering the house where he lives.

Over the next year and a half, Lenin's condition worsened, improved briefly, and worsened again. In the spring of 1923, after the third blow, he almost completely lost the ability to communicate with others. Meanwhile, political rivalry within the party leadership increased dramatically.

In this context, the leader has not disappeared from the political arena of the country, his image has changed, acquiring a completely new shade. The real Lenin, who continued to live in Gorki and write texts, was isolated from political life. At the same time, a new canonical image was created in the political language. Most of the mythological images of Lenin, which are well known to us from the Soviet era, were created precisely during that period of his illness, a few years before his death.

In early 1923, the term "Leninism" was introduced into the country's public language. Soon, rituals of swearing allegiance to Leninism appeared in party practice. In March 1923, the Institute of Leninism was established in Moscow. In the spring of 1923, Pravda called for any piece of paper on which something was written in Lenin's hand to be handed over to this institution.

At the same time, what the leader thought, said and wrote in reality in 1922-1923 was completely separated from his canonical image. Lenin as a political figure in the last years of his life was divided into two: one part of him was excluded from the political life of the country, and the second part was canonized. It was as a result of these two processes of expulsion and canonization that the new doctrine of Leninism was created in the early 1920s.

Since then, every Soviet leader, from Stalin to Gorbachev, has been adjusting this doctrine, inventing his own version, introducing previously unknown Leninist works and deducing others, reinterpreting known materials, quoting Lenin out of the original context, changing the meaning of his statements and facts of life.

In 1990, less than a year before the collapse of the Soviet state, the Central Committee of the CPSU admitted that all previous versions of Leninism contained a distortion of the real Leninist thought. In December of the same year, a professor at the Department of Marxism-Leninism wrote in the newspaper Rabochaya Tribuna: “Our tragedy lies in the fact that we do not know Lenin. We have never read his work in the past and we do not do so now. For decades, we perceived Lenin through intermediaries, interpreters, popularizers and other distorters.

The historian complained that the Institute of Marxism-Leninism, the main authority on Lenin's heritage, had a special function for 70 years, giving the green light to the publication of those Lenin's texts that corresponded to the currently accepted canons, no matter how far they were from reality. words of the leader, changing or shortening other texts that did not correspond to these canons.

In a speech marking the 120th anniversary of Lenin's birth in April 1990, Gorbachev declared: "Lenin remains with us as the greatest thinker of the 20th century." Then he added that it was necessary to rethink the theoretical and political heritage of Lenin, to get rid of the distortion and canonization of Lenin's conclusions, and suggested that the term "Leninism" be abandoned.

Death

Lenin died on January 21, 1924. At first, there was no plan to preserve his body for centuries. Immediately after the death of the leader, Professor of Medicine Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov performed an autopsy, and then a temporary embalming procedure in order to save the body for 20 days, while the public farewell was going on.

In the process of autopsy and temporary embalming, Abrikosov cut many arteries and large vessels. Subsequently, the professor said that if plans for the long-term preservation of Lenin existed at the time of death, he would not have done this, since when embalming the body for a long time, these vessels are used to deliver embalming fluid to all parts of the body.

Then the body was exhibited for public farewell in the Hall of Columns. Despite the exceptionally cold winter, when the temperature was below minus 28 for several months in a row, crowds of citizens flocked to the capital from all over the country to pay their last tribute to the leader.

Lenin's funeral was scheduled for January 27th. Six days after his death, a wooden mausoleum was built on Red Square next to the graves of the revolutionaries, in which the leader was to be buried. On January 27, Lenin's body was transferred there, but it was decided not to close the sarcophagus for some time - in connection with the ongoing procession of those wishing to say goodbye to the leader.

Every three days, a commission for organizing a funeral, consisting of party leaders and close doctors, checked the condition of the body. Due to the low temperature and thanks to the high-quality temporary embalming by Abrikosov, no signs of decomposition appeared on the body - it could be left open.

The first clear signs of decomposition appeared only two months later, in March. Thanks to the unexpectedly long period during which they were absent, the party leadership had the opportunity to delay the burial and at the same time discuss its possible fate.

Lenin will live

At the endless meetings of commissions to perpetuate the memory of Lenin, there were heated debates, it was then that the proposal to preserve the body for a longer period won. At first, many in the party leadership considered this idea not only utopian from the point of view of science, but also counter-revolutionary. For example, Trotsky, Bukharin and Voroshilov believed that the long-term preservation and public display of Lenin's body turns it into a kind of religious relics and directly contradicts the materialistic principles of Marxism. Bonch-Bruevich agreed that "it is not the body that is important, but the memorial": Lenin should be buried in a mausoleum that fulfills this task.

But other members of the country's leadership - for example, Leonid Krasin - argued that if it was possible to save the body for some more period, even if not permanently, this makes sense. By at least This will enable the working people of the whole world to take part in a long farewell to the leader of the world proletariat.

Decisive in the fate of Lenin was the meeting of the commission for organizing the funeral on March 5, 1924. After another long discussion of options with medical scientists, most of whom expressed skepticism about the possibility of long-term preservation, members of the party leadership asked them to leave the hall. The opinions of the participants in the discussion differed, and nothing was decided that day. More precisely, the decision was half-hearted: we will try to save it, but without confidence that this is possible and necessary, and without promises that it will last forever.

At the end of March, it was decided to try the experimental method of embalming the body, proposed by Professor Vladimir Vorobyov from Kharkov and biochemist Boris Zbarsky. The procedure had no analogues, and neither Vorobyov nor Zbarsky were sure of its success. They worked for four months in a special laboratory set up right inside the temporary mausoleum. They had to invent and adjust many procedures on the go.

Lenin is alive

By the end of July 1924, they reported to the party leadership about the completion of work. If the body was treated and embalmed according to their method, they said, there was a high chance that it would last for quite some time. When the members of the commission asked how long it should be calculated, Vorobyov said: "I will allow myself not to answer this question."

On July 24, an official statement appeared in the Soviet press, stating: “Of course, neither we nor our comrades wanted to create any relics from the remains of Vladimir Ilyich, through which we could popularize or preserve the memory of him. We attached and continue to attach the greatest importance to preserving the image of this remarkable leader for the younger generation and future generations.”

Photo: Keystone Pictures USA / ZUMA / Globallookpress.com

In this statement of the commission, the same paradoxical attitude towards the body of Lenin was manifested, which was in numerous disputes about his fate. The way party leaders and close scientists spoke about him when it became known that it would not decay for some time is reminiscent of how the party leadership treated Lenin in the last months of his life. Then the still living leader was excluded from political life and hidden in Gorki near Moscow, and another, canonized Lenin appeared in the public language of the party press and speeches. In the discussions of the funeral commission, we are faced with a similar ambivalent attitude, when plans for the burial of the leader were discussed, and at the same time - plans for keeping him unburied, closed the crypt and public display.

This duality was also reflected in the fact that for months the disputes and discussions of Lenin's body were conducted simultaneously in two different commissions. The first was called the commission for the organization of the funeral, and the second - the commission for the preservation of the body. Many party leaders took part in the work of both. The perception of Lenin among the party leadership was strange: as if there were two bodies in the mausoleum - an ordinary, gradually decomposing corpse of a person, and a bodily embodiment of something larger, grandiose, different from Lenin and superior to him.

Although at the time of embalming the two bodies still consisted of the same biological matter, this state of affairs, as we already know, did not last long. The ambivalent attitude towards the body of Lenin among the party leadership was reproduced in subsequent years.

Grand legitimator

In Soviet times, a political model arose that linked the principle of the reproduction of sovereign power with the principle of doubling the body of the leader. It arose unexpectedly and unplanned - several conditions simply coincided: a long period of illness, when Lenin was simultaneously isolated from political life and canonized in the image of Leninism. Due to the cold of that winter, the body did not decompose, which made it possible to discuss its fate. It is also important to take into account the peculiarities of the social and cultural organization of the Leninist party of a new type - a unique political institution.

In the Soviet political system, the culture of sovereign power resembled a mixture of two models: absolute monarchy and liberal democracy, where absolute truth plays the role of the body. Unlike a sovereign monarchy, no leader of the party and state after Lenin could take his place, which was outside the political space. The truth in this system was expressed in the language of Leninism.

Any leader of the USSR, including Stalin, was obliged to appeal to Leninism in order to legitimize his power and could not question this doctrine or replace it with another truth. Each of them could lose the reins of government if it turned out that he was distorting Leninism. This thesis is illustrated by the two most important phenomena of power in the Soviet system: the emergence of an exclusive personality cult of Stalin and his complete debunking after death.

Now it becomes clear what role Lenin's body played in the political system of the USSR. It functioned as the material embodiment of the heroic depersonalized subject, the Soviet sovereign. It was doubled, being the combination of mortal and immortal bodies. The way Lenin's body was maintained over the decades reflected the combination of these two themes. The mortal body of the sovereign was the corpse of a specific person, while the immortal body was a funeral doll, which was reproduced through special procedures and rituals.

The persistent rumors that Lenin's body is just a copy are to some extent erroneous and to some extent true. It is real, but it is constantly changing. His biological materials are replaced with new ones, but as a result, his form remains unchanged. This project arose gradually - as part of a complex cosmology, the meaning of which for the party system, including its leadership, was never completely clear.

Work on the body of Lenin has always been carried out in an atmosphere of the strictest secrecy, behind closed doors. The same thing happened with Lenin's texts, statements and biographical facts. Thanks to this approach, Leninism has always looked like something fundamental, unchanging and eternal, while in reality it has imperceptibly changed, adjusted by the party leadership to the needs of the current moment. This doctrine, in this approach, looked like a source of party action, and not a product of party manipulation, and the same applied not only to the texts, but also to the body of Lenin.

Photo: CHROMORANGE / Bilderbox / Globallookpress.com

With the collapse of the Soviet system in 1991, Lenin's body was turned off from it. The post-Soviet Russian state did not close the mausoleum, but drastically reduced its funding. Over the past 25 years, no clear decision on the fate of Lenin's body has been made. Today it remains in the mausoleum in the public domain, and the laboratory continues to work. The end of the Soviet system did not lead to the automatic destruction of this body, did not turn it into a frozen, decaying corpse, but at the same time did not turn it into an artificial doll.

The address: Russia, Moscow, Red Square
Start of construction: 1929
Completion of construction: 1930
Architect: A.V. Shchusev
Coordinates: 55°45"13.2"N 37°37"11.7"E
Object of cultural heritage Russian Federation

The place where, since 1924, the embalmed body of V.I. Lenin, has long ceased to be just a ritual tomb. It is considered a monument to the bygone socialist era and has the status of a museum. This is one of the main attractions of Red Square, which has already been visited by more than 120 million people. Many tourists, regardless of political beliefs, specially come to the center of the Russian capital to pass by the sarcophagus with the body of the communist leader.

View of the Mausoleum, Red Square, Spasskaya and Senate towers of the Kremlin

How did the idea of ​​building a mausoleum come about?

The leader of the Soviet communists died on January 21, 1924. According to the official version, the idea to keep his body belonged to the workers and peasants, who sent many telegrams to the government. In them, ordinary people asked not to carry out an ordinary burial.

Lev Davidovich Trotsky opposed the preservation of the body, but he was in the Caucasus and did not have time to return to Moscow for the funeral, which was scheduled for January 27. Researchers consider the version of the "people's will" unlikely, since the idea of ​​embalming the leader's body was not discussed in any way in the press, and none of the "numerous" letters was published anywhere.

According to another assumption, the idea of ​​preserving the body appeared because not everyone who wished had time to say goodbye to the deceased. Delegations from different parts of Russia and from abroad came to the capital one after another, so Lenin's widow N.K. Krupskaya agreed to place the body in the crypt until the end of the farewell ceremony. However, she repeatedly spoke out against embalming.

Whatever the true reason, the country's leadership wanted to turn Lenin's body into a "red shrine" so that it would become an object of worship and a source of communist faith. Already two days after his death, the leaders of the state firmly decided to keep the body of Ilyich for as long as possible. Almost immediately, the famous architect Alexei Viktorovich Shchusev received an order for the design of the mausoleum. And the work of embalming the deceased was entrusted to Academicians Vladimir Petrovich Vorobyov and Boris Ilyich Zbarsky.

View of the Mausoleum from GUM

The history of the Kremlin tomb

The tomb was planned to be placed on Red Square. By that time, its section near the Kremlin wall was already a necropolis. The dead participants of the October armed uprising of 1917 lay here, and some party leaders were buried. During the Civil War, the Red Army took an oath in front of the graves, and in peacetime, parades and demonstrations were held on the square.

The first mausoleum was built by the day of the official funeral - January 27th. There were severe frosts, so the frozen ground had to be blown up with dynamite. The building was erected in great haste, and there is evidence that the last nails were driven in just before the start of the ceremony of demolishing the body in the Funeral Hall. The tomb was never completed, and it stood half-finished until the spring of 1924.

The second mausoleum was also made on a wooden frame and sheathed in lacquered oak. It was ready by August 1924 and served for six years. And then it was replaced by a stone mausoleum, which has survived to this day.

When the Great Patriotic War began, the building of the tomb was disguised as a residential building. These precautions were necessary to preserve the monument during Nazi air raids. In the summer of 1941, when German troops were advancing on all fronts, the body of the communist leader was evacuated to Tyumen. It was kept in the building of the Agricultural Academy, and in April 1945 was returned to the capital.

From 1953 to 1961, the embalmed body of Stalin lay next to the body of Lenin. And in the 1980s, behind the building of the mausoleum, an extension was made with an escalator, with the help of which the elderly leaders of the country went up to the podium.

View of the Mausoleum from Red Square

architectural features

The mausoleum fits perfectly into the architectural ensemble of Red Square and harmoniously looks against the background of the battlements of the Kremlin wall. The building has a width of 24 m and a height of 12 m. It looks like an Egyptian pyramid and is made up of five steps, built of strong and durable reinforced concrete structures and bricks. Granite, porphyry (crimson quartzite), marble and black labradorite were used in the decoration of the tomb. And above the entrance, the name of the communist leader is written in red letters.

Heavy equipment often passes through Red Square during parades. So that the architectural structure does not experience serious problems from shaking, the foundation pit, where the reinforced concrete foundation slab is located, is covered with clean sand. The last reconstruction of the building was carried out in 2013 - the builders strengthened its foundation.

For many years, Soviet leaders and leaders of the Communist Party spoke to the people from the podium of the mausoleum. However, this practice has been discontinued since 1996. Today, when mass holidays are held on Red Square, the mausoleum is fenced with shields.

The Kremlin tomb is considered an integral part of the main square of the Russian capital. It is under the protection of UNESCO and is included in the World Heritage List.

Entrance to the Mausoleum

What can be seen inside

The tomb is always quiet. Visitors pass one after another along the same route and stay in the mausoleum for about a minute. There is darkness inside the building.

The funeral hall, where the sarcophagus is installed, is a square room 10 m by 10 m. It is decorated in black and red and has a stepped granite ceiling. Opposite the entrance to it there is a coat of arms of the USSR, model 1930, carved from stone. However, due to the dim lighting, it is almost impossible to see small details.

Lenin's body rests on a raised platform in a bulletproof glass sarcophagus flanked by granite railings. Such precautions were taken in 1973. Lenin is wearing a black suit, and on the left you can see the badge of a member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. The figure of the communist leader is specially illuminated so that those passing by can see the facial features. It contrasts sharply with the dark surroundings and therefore appears to be hologram-like.

In addition to the Funeral Hall, there is a black columbarium room in the mausoleum, in the niches of which it was planned to store the ashes of other deceased. But this room has not been used, and visitors are not allowed there.

Information for tourists

The mausoleum is open on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday from 10.00 to 13.00. During the restoration work, the schedule usually changes, but this is communicated in advance. You can get into the mausoleum for free through the checkpoint in the Nikolskaya Towerlocated from the side of the Alexander Garden. Standing in line usually takes about 30-40 minutes.

View of the Mausoleum from the Spasskaya Tower

Bulky bags, backpacks, containers with liquids and large metal objects cannot be brought into the mausoleum. If tourists have such luggage, they hand it over to a paid storage room, which is located in the Alexander Garden, near the Kutafya Tower. Everyone who wants to get into the mausoleum without fail passes through a metal detector.

Inside the tomb, you can not take photos and shoot videos. Mobile phones and gadgets are also required at the entrance. If they have stayed for the duration of the visit, security officers have the right to view the latest footage, and generally ask visitors to delete these files. Near the sarcophagus, men must remove their hats.

What is the Lenin Mausoleum? This is a reinforced concrete structure lined with granite and finished with marble at the foot of the Kremlin wall. During the years of Soviet power, it served as a tomb, a monument and a tribune. At present, it is only a tomb and a monument to the dictatorship of the working people that has sunk into oblivion. The body of Lenin, the leader of the world proletariat and the founder of the world's first state of workers and peasants, rests in the mausoleum.

But Lenin is not alone on Red Square. Nearby are the mass graves of Red Army soldiers, prominent figures of the international labor movement, and 12 separate graves of the leaders of the Soviet state. In addition, in the Kremlin wall near the Senate Tower there is a place for urns with the ashes of prominent people. All this together is a necropolis and a memory of the unique historical period of the Russian state.

History of the Lenin Mausoleum

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Ulyanov) died on January 21, 1924 at 18:50 Moscow time. Already 4 hours after the heart of the fiery fighter for the freedom of the people stopped, a meeting began in the Kremlin to organize the funeral of Lenin. F. E. Dzerzhinsky presided over it. It was decided to bury the remains of the leader near the Kremlin wall on January 26, 1924. However, there were a huge number of people who wanted to say goodbye to the head of the Soviet state, so the funeral was postponed to January 27.

As soon as the sad news spread around the country, letters and telegrams from workers, peasants, and Red Army soldiers went to Moscow in a flood. All these messages contained only one request - to save the body of Lenin for posterity. Again a conference was held under the chairmanship of Dzerzhinsky. It raised the question - to preserve or not to preserve the body of the leader of the world proletariat?

Dzerzhinsky, Molotov, Krasin spoke in favor of preserving the body and showing it as much as possible. Voroshilov and the relatives of Vladimir Ilyich opposed. They insisted on committing the body to the earth. But taking into account the numerous requests of the workers, it was decided to preserve the remains of the head of the workers' and peasants' state.

On January 24, Dzerzhinsky commissioned the architect Aleksey Viktorovich Shchusev to build a mourning pavilion. On the same day, a sketch of the first mausoleum of Lenin was ready and work began on its construction. The work was carried out for three days without interruption, and on January 27, a wooden structure, which had the shape of a cube, was ready. The coffin with the body of the leader was transferred to it from the Hall of Columns of the House of the Unions.

The first mausoleum of Lenin stood for 3 months after the death of the leader, until they began to build the second mausoleum

Primary embalming was done immediately after Ulyanov's death by Professor Aleksey Ivanovich Abrikosov. He introduced formalin with the addition of zinc chloride into the blood vessels of the deceased. Thus, the body remained incorruptible for 6 days. Then another embalming was carried out with the preservation of the body for 40 days. During this time, a completely new method of embalming was developed. The government commission entrusted this work to the Kharkov pathologist Vorobyov Vladimir Petrovich and the Moscow biochemist Zbarsky Boris Ilyich.

These experts have developed a unique solution based on glycerin, chloroquine and potassium acetate. The embalming itself lasted from March to July 1924. When the government commission, headed by Dzerzhinsky, came to accept the work, they made sure that the weight of the deceased, color, flexibility of the limbs, elasticity of the skin were preserved, and the decomposition process stopped.

However, embalming was only part of the job. The sarcophagus was also of great importance, since with its help the necessary microclimate had to be maintained. Its manufacture was entrusted to the architect Melnikov Konstantin Stepanovich. He attracted specialists from the Electrotechnical Institute to help him. The glass structure was made in 7 days, and it was ready on February 22, 1924.

Thus, all issues related to the preservation of the incorruptible remains of the leader of the world proletariat, the Soviet experts decided. Now it's time to tackle the external arrangement of the tomb. Lenin's first wooden mausoleum looked too simple against the majestic backdrop of Red Square. Therefore, the architect Shchusev was commissioned to design a new mausoleum with a more significant appearance.

The second mausoleum of Lenin was made of oak; it stood on Red Square until mid-1929

The new building was similar to the Egyptian pyramid of Pharaoh Djoser and the Mayan pyramids. It was made of oak and opened to visitors on August 1, 1924. He replaced the first mausoleum, which stood for 3 months. The second mausoleum remained on Red Square until the middle of 1929, when the decision was made to build a third mausoleum of Lenin. The Party called for the creation of a better project. 170 projects took part in this competition, but again the project of the architect Shchusev won.

This time the tomb was made of reinforced concrete and lined with granite. The most significant places of the building were finished with marble. The length of the third mausoleum was 24 meters, the height was 12 meters, and the area of ​​the mourning hall was 100 square meters. meters. The third and last mausoleum of Lenin was opened for visitors on August 1, 1930. And after that, for almost 60 years, people went to the sarcophagus with the body of the leader of the world proletariat in an endless stream. A guard of honor was organized near the main entrance, but the most beautiful sight was the changing of the guard. A huge number of people flocked to look at it.

In the Soviet years, Red Square and the tomb located on it became the main venue for parades and holidays. 15 people went up to the podium of the mausoleum. These were the leaders of the Soviet state of workers and peasants. People closely followed those who stood on the podium. In the late 1920s, Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev disappeared from it. In the 1930s, Rykov and Bukharin disappeared. In November 1953, Beria rose to the podium for the last time, and in 1955 Malenkov. Anastas Mikoyan stood on the podium the longest, almost 40 years.

In the 1930s, Red Square was reconstructed. The cobblestone was replaced with paving stones, the tram tracks were removed, the buildings on Vasilyevsky Spusk were demolished, and the monument to Minin and Pozharsky was moved. Lazar Kaganovich supervised all these works. His task was to free the square as much as possible from everything that interferes in order to hold parades and festivities on it.

With the outbreak of World War II, a question arose regarding the safety of Lenin's embalmed body. In an atmosphere of absolute secrecy, the sarcophagus with the coffin was loaded onto a special train on July 3, 1941 and taken to Tyumen. Only NKGB officers were on the train. Even the machinists were state officers. security. Of the specialists, the sarcophagus was accompanied by Professor Zbarsky with several assistants.

In Tyumen, the remains of the leader were placed in the school building on the street. Republic 7. They stayed there until March 1945. In addition to the body, the brain, the heart of Ilyich and the bullet with which he was wounded were also taken to Tyumen. Almost 4 years of evacuation did not affect the embalmed remains in any way, since Zbarsky and his assistants carefully monitored them.

During the years of Soviet power, an endless stream of people went to the Lenin Mausoleum

But as for the Lenin Mausoleum and Red Square, during the war years they were made with plywood shields imitating the roofs of houses. The architect Iofan Boris Mikhailovich supervised all these works. He generally turned the mausoleum into a 2-storey mansion with mezzanines. In this form, the main tomb of the country stood for many months. The disguise was removed on November 7, 1941, when a 25-minute parade took place on Red Square. It began at 9 o'clock, and by 10 o'clock the center of the capital was again covered with plywood shields. Lenin's mausoleum was opened for visiting after the end of the war on September 12, 1945.

In 1953, the body of Stalin was placed in the tomb. The stone block bearing the name LENIN was removed and replaced with a block of LENIN and STALIN. Thus, there were two embalmed bodies in the mausoleum. But after the famous XX Party Congress, when Khrushchev debunked Stalin's personality cult, the question arose about the advisability of staying the remains of Joseph Vissarionovich in the main tomb of the country. On October 30, 1961, Stalin's body was taken out of the mausoleum, and the old block, which the far-sighted commandant of the mausoleum Mashkov kept intact, was put in place of the new block with two names.

Conclusion

To this day, Lenin's mausoleum stands on Red Square. It has lost its former significance, but continues to arouse great interest among people. The body of the founder of the first state of workers and peasants is under the constant supervision of specialists. There are no signs of decomposition on it, and therefore the embalmed remains can lie in the center of Moscow for a very long time. However, it is difficult to predict the future fate of both the mausoleum and the body.

More and more citizens appear who believe that the body of Vladimir Ilyich must be buried or cremated. Only then will his soul find peace. And now she is hovering next to the tomb and is experiencing terrible torment. So let's show generosity, not characteristic of the Bolsheviks, and bury Ulyanov according to Christian custom. Let him rest in peace, and not in a bulletproof sarcophagus under the protection and tireless supervision of specialists. This is unnatural for both the living and the dead.

Today is the 85th anniversary of the death of the first leader of the Soviet state, Marxist theorist, founder and leader of Bolshevism, Vladimir Lenin (Ulyanov). On January 21, 1924, the leader of the Bolshevik Party and chairman of the Council of People's Commissars died, after which his body was subjected to special treatment and placed in the Mausoleum on Red Square.

Lenin's body has been in the Mausoleum for more than 80 years, and every year the idea of ​​burying the leader of the Bolshevik Party has more and more supporters, while at the same time, the proportion of those who find it difficult to express their attitude to this problem is growing significantly.

According to the deputy, there is no point in further keeping Lenin's body in the Mausoleum. "The presence of an ideological artifact in the center of the capital is an immoral act, senseless from the point of view of budget spending, harmful from an ideological point of view and cruel, both in relation to Lenin's relatives and in relation to people who do not share communist ideology," he said.

It is worth noting that back in 1924, the widow of Vladimir Ilyich, Nadezhda Krupskaya, and his brother Dmitry Ulyanov were against the idea of ​​embalming Lenin's body. Meanwhile, Lenin's niece Olga Ulyanova is against the transfer of Lenin's body from Red Square today.

Among the supporters of the reburial of Lenin's body according to Christian traditions are the first vice-speaker of the State Duma Lyubov Sliska, the president of the Russian Cultural Foundation Nikita Mikhalkov, and the presidential envoy to the Central Federal District Georgy Poltavchenko.

Among the opponents of the idea of ​​reburial, who take a very tough position, is the chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennady Zyuganov, who said that "the initiative to remove Lenin's body is another manifestation of liberal fascism."

Pyramid on Red Square

On the day of Lenin's death - January 21, 1924 - the Central Committee of the party and the Council of People's Commissars began to receive telegrams and letters asking them not to bury the body of the leader of the Bolshevik Party.

A few days later - on January 27, 1924 - a mausoleum designed by Alexei Shchusev appeared near the Senate Tower of the Kremlin on Red Square. According to the architect's colleagues, Shchusev was familiar with the architecture of the Egyptian pyramids. It took him half a night to develop a project based on the principle of a three-stage pyramid, and less than three days to build.

As a result, Shchusev presented to the court of high-ranking officials a wooden building in the form of a cube with sides of three meters and two successively decreasing cubes at the top, egypt.kp.ru reports.

The Secret of Lenin's Embalming

The embalming of Lenin's remains began only two months after his death - at the end of March 1924. By this time, post-mortem changes in body tissues, especially Lenin's face and hands, had reached a critical point.

The task of "preserving Lenin's body" was undertaken by the chemist Boris Zbarsky and the Kharkov anatomist Vladimir Vorobyov. The latter, by the way, seeing the body of Lenin for the first time, wanted to abandon the most difficult task, but his colleagues convinced him to stay in the capital.

Zbarsky and Vorobyov faced a difficult task - to create their own special method for preserving the body of the leader, since freezing was not suitable for this - at that time, any accident could lead to defrosting of tissues, followed by their irreversible damage, writes "Pharmaceutical Bulletin".

In addition, the ancient Egyptian development, mummification, did not fit, since this procedure not only loses 70 percent of the weight, but also distorts facial features.

Then the scientists decided to use embalming. In creating their method, they relied on the early studies of Nikolai Melnikov-Razvedenkov, who back in 1896 proposed an original method for making anatomical preparations while preserving their natural color by impregnating tissues with alcohol, glycerin and potassium acetate.

Scientists for four months worked tirelessly. As a result, Zabarsky and Vorobyov managed to solve a truly unique task - embalming the whole body with full preservation of volumes, shapes and the entire cellular and tissue structure.

Before the opening of the mausoleum, on July 26, Vorobyov and his team spent the night in the mourning hall. The Kharkov scientist doubted his work, and incessantly scolded Zbarsky, who had once persuaded him to decide on this risky business.

The fears of scientists turned out to be groundless - the government commission, which appeared in the Mausoleum the next day, recognized the results of the embalming as quite successful.

It is worth noting that the success of Zbarsky and Vorobyov depended on the work of another person - the architect Konstantin Stepanovich Melnikov, who created the first sarcophagus for the body of Lenin.

Melnikov's initial project was deemed technically difficult. Then the architect within a month developed eight more new options, one of which was approved. Melnikov's sarcophagus stood in the mausoleum until the end of World War II.

Evacuation of Lenin's body

The construction of the final, stone version of the Mausoleum began in 1929. In plan, it practically repeated the wooden mausoleum built according to the project of Shchusev. The monumental building was made in red and black colors from granite, porphyry and black labradorite. Above the entrance, in letters of red quartzite, there is an inscription: LENIN. Guest stands for 10,000 people were built on both sides of the building along the Kremlin wall.

For almost seventy years at the entrance to the Mausoleum there was a guard, established by order of the head of the Moscow garrison.

Lenin's body remained in the Mausoleum until July 1941. For the period of the Great Patriotic War, he had to be evacuated to Tyumen, and upon returning to Moscow in 1945, a new sarcophagus was built for Lenin, designed by Alexei Shchusev and sculptor Boris Yakovlev, Wikipedia writes.

"Attempts" on the Mausoleum

Back in the 1930s, there were people in society who did not accept or approve of the idea of ​​preserving Lenin in the Mausoleum. In March 1934, Mitrofan Nikitin, a worker at one of the state farms in the Moscow region, tried to shoot at the leader's embalmed body. He was thwarted by a quick response guard. Nikitin shot himself on the spot, writes the Pacific Star newspaper.

Under Nikitin, a protest letter addressed to the party and government was found. It contained the following lines: “This spring of 1934, again, a lot of people will die because of hunger, dirt, epidemic diseases ... Do our rulers, who have settled in the Kremlin, not see that the people do not want such a life, that it is impossible to live like this anymore, not enough strength and will…”

Subsequently, the incidents at the Mausoleum were repeated. In November 1957, A. N. Romanov, a resident of Moscow with no fixed occupation, threw a bottle of ink into the Mausoleum, but the sarcophagus was not damaged. Two years later, one of the visitors threw a hammer into the sarcophagus and broke the glass, but Lenin's body was not damaged.

In July 1960, a much more serious incident occurred: a resident of the city of Frunze, K.N. Minibaev jumped onto the barrier and smashed the glass of the sarcophagus with a kick. As a result, glass fragments damaged the skin of Lenin's embalmed body. As the investigation showed, Minibaev had been nurturing the intention to destroy the sarcophagus since 1949, and he flew to Moscow in 1960 specifically for this.

Minibaev's act was the first in a chain of incidents that took place at the Mausoleum in the 1960s. A year later, L.A. Smirnova, passing by the sarcophagus, spat into the sarcophagus, and then threw a stone at the glass, breaking the sarcophagus. In April 1962, a resident of the city of Pavlovsky Posad, pensioner A. A. Lyutikov also threw a stone into the sarcophagus.

There was also a terrorist act in the Mausoleum. In September 1967, a certain Krysanov, a resident of the Lithuanian city of Kaunas, blew up a belt filled with explosives near the entrance to the Mausoleum. As a result, the terrorist and several other people died.

In the 70s, the Mausoleum was equipped with the latest instruments and equipment to control all engineering systems, the structures were strengthened and more than 12 thousand marble blocks were replaced, writes cominf.ru.

However, even after that, the incidents in the tomb of Lenin did not stop. In September 1973, when Lenin's sarcophagus was already covered with bulletproof glass, an improvised explosive device was detonated inside the Mausoleum by an unknown person. The offender and another married couple died.

Who watches over the remains of Lenin?

The staff of the Educational and Methodological Center for Biomedical Technologies, which is part of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (NPO VILAR), is monitoring the maintenance of the vital appearance of Vladimir Lenin in proper condition. The center's staff is tasked with regularly examining Lenin's body.

Once every year and a half, specialists lower the remains into a bath with a special solution, using unique stereophoto installations and devices for this. According to scientists, over the past 20 years, the devices have not registered any changes.

This year, this procedure will be carried out for two months - from February 16 to April 16. All this time the Mausoleum will not work, writes Vechernyaya Moskva.

Specialists of the Mausoleum Group believe that Lenin's body is in excellent condition today thanks to the latest achievements of science, which cannot be said from the suit on the leader, which has to be changed from time to time.

The material was prepared by the online editors www.rian.ru based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

February 24th, 2015 , 10:52 pm

Original taken from unforgiven_06 How was Lenin's mausoleum built?

Secrets of the ziggurat and teraphim on Red Square Let's talk about Lenin's mausoleum. Few people know that the granite structure, which today is on Red Square, is the third version of the mausoleum. Before that there were two wooden versions. The first, quite unpretentious, was built on the day of Ilyich's funeral. A few months later it was replaced by a more solid wooden version, which stood for almost five years.

Let's see how the first mausoleums were built.

Previously, there was a tribune on the site of the mausoleum. By the way, Lenin himself makes fiery speeches. I would love to see this frame in color. I'm sure it was a great show!

"In favor of the sick and wounded Red Army soldiers. Red Square." A rare shot of a brick podium, a monument to the Worker, Konenkov's "Freedom" plaque, and tram tracks, a boulevard, and a chapel that have survived from pre-revolutionary times. 1922
The first wooden Mausoleum was erected on the day of the funeral of Vladimir Ilyich - January 27, 1924.

It had the shape of a cube topped with a three-stage pyramid and stood only until the spring of 1924.

Trotsky, Molotov and company. Photo for memory.

In the second temporary wooden Mausoleum, installed in the spring of 1924 (designed by A. V. Shchusev), stands were attached to the stepped volume on both sides.

The initial project of the sarcophagus was recognized as technically difficult and the architect K. S. Melnikov developed and presented eight new versions within a month. One of them was approved and then implemented as soon as possible under the supervision of the author himself. This sarcophagus stood in the mausoleum until the end of the Great Patriotic War.

The third version of the mausoleum began to be built in 1929. First, a life-size plywood model was made.
And then they built a reinforced concrete frame and lined it with granite.

In 1953-1961, the body of I. V. Stalin was also in the mausoleum, and the mausoleum was called the "Mausoleum of V. I. Lenin and I. V. Stalin." Until a granite slab of a suitable size was found, the already installed granite slab in 1953 had the inscriptions "Lenin" and "Stalin" painted on top of the inscription "Lenin". According to eyewitnesses, in severe frosts, the old inscription "appeared" with frost through the inscriptions applied on top of it. In 1958, the slab was replaced by a slab with the inscriptions "LENIN" and "STALIN" placed one above the other. In 1961, the granite slab with the name of Lenin was returned to its original place.

Mikhail Saltan, Gleb Shcherbatov

INTRODUCTION
ZIGKURAT
WHY THE SQUARE IS RED

PRINCIPLES OF THE ZIGKURAT COMPLEX

Satanic altar VILA

INTRODUCTION

One of the main results was the patriots' awareness of the situation in which we now live: Russia is occupied; the occupation “constitution” is a filkin's charter, which any of the puppets sitting at the top can format with a stroke of a pen; the Russians have no army; there is no single national organization capable of returning power to the Russians; there are no special hopes for a quick victory either. The question arises: what to do?

Patriots try to answer it in different ways, often voicing someone else's, prompted words. Some arrange a “prayer stand”, others gather a society of zealous persecutors of pederasty, others run around the city with a piece of rebar, others throw mayonnaise on someone, others chase liberal grandmothers who have lost their minds. The result of such activity is obvious. When we try to criticize it, they scold us, they say, let's do at least something. What?

As the ancient Chinese wisely said, a journey of a thousand miles begins with one step.

The Russians are separated from OUR DAY not by a thousand li, but by a much smaller distance, but this does not negate the need for the first step. Our the first step should be the removal of the body from the ziggurat on Red Square. Below we will explain in detail the magical side of this action, which knocks out the occult foundation from under the existing regime in Russia, but first of all it is important to understand the practical essence of this step.

It begins with the fact that, having familiarized themselves with the proposed material, nationalists should begin preparations for the removal of the body, which should be strived to be carried out in April, on the day when Blank (Ulyanov) appeared, or perhaps this should be done on the anniversary of the day the body was loaded into the ziggurat ( these are the reasons for the Russian Marches). In the course of preparing and implementing the task, on the one hand, we will unite the nationalists around a clearly defined vector of actions, which will become the basis for the future unified Russian national liberation organization, on the other hand, we will identify all the enemies of the Russian people who will definitely show themselves: either by starting protest against the removal of the body, or refusing to support this intention. Everything will become simple and clear and the wonderful logical formula “Who is not with us is against us!” once again demonstrate its revealing effectiveness. Well, if this power opposes the removal of the body, under any pretext, so much the better for the struggle - its satanic foundation will be clearly and mercilessly revealed. After all, the struggle is so far only for the minds and souls, for the enlightenment of our people, and if we win it, then we have already won.

ZIGKURAT

Ziggurat (ziggurat, ziggurat): in the architecture of ancient Mesopotamia, a cult tiered tower. Ziggurats had 3-7 tiers in the form of truncated pyramids or parallelepipeds made of raw brick, connected by stairs and gentle rises - ramps (Glossary of architectural terms)

Blood Square. It has a Ziggurat on it.
It's done. I'm close. Well, I'm glad.
I descend into a fetid, terrible mouth.
It is easy to fall on slippery steps.
Here is the stinking heart of ancient evil,
Bodies and souls are devoured to ashes.
A hundred-year-old beast built its nest here.
For demons in Russia, the door is wide open here.
Nikolai Fedorov

The architectural ensemble of Red Square has evolved over the centuries. Kings succeeded each other. The walls of the citadel succeeded each other - first wooden, then white stone, finally, brick, as we see them now. Fortress towers were erected and demolished. Houses were built and demolished. Trees grew and were cut down. Defensive ditches were dug and filled up. Water was brought in and out. A wide network of underground communications was laid and destroyed, one way or another affecting structures on the surface. The coating of this surface also changed, up to the railway (until 1930 the tram ran). The result is what we see now: a red wall, towers with stars, huge pine trees, St. Basil's Cathedral, shopping malls, the Historical Museum and ... the ritual ziggurat tower in the very center of the square.

Even a person who is far from architecture involuntarily asks the question: why was it decided to build a structure near the Russian medieval fortress in the 20th century - an absolute copy of the top of the Pyramid of the Moon in Teotihuacan?
)?

Bringing the bloody "god" Huitzilopochtli (in the upper right corner) 80 thousand people as a sacrifice at the opening of the temple in Teotihuacan

The Athenian Parthenon has been duplicated in the world at least twice - one of the copies is in the city of Sochi, where it was built on the orders of Comrade Dzhugashvili. The Eiffel Tower has been multiplied so much that its clones in one form or another are present in every country. There are even "Egyptian" pyramids in some parks. But building a temple to Huitzilopochtli, the supreme and bloodiest deity of the Aztecs, in the very heart of Russia is just an amazing idea! However, one could put up with the architectural tastes of the leaders of the Bolshevik revolution - well, they built it, well, okay. But in the ziggurat on Red Square, it is not the appearance that impresses. It is no secret to anyone that in the basement of the ziggurat lies a corpse embalmed according to some rules.

A mummy in the 20th century, and a mummy made by the hands of atheists is nonsense. Even when the builders of parks and attractions erect "Egyptian pyramids" somewhere - they are pyramids only externally: it never occurred to anyone to seal a freshly made "pharaoh" in them.

How did the Bolsheviks come up with this? Unclear. It is not clear, and why the mummy has not yet been taken out, because the Bolsheviks themselves have already been taken out, as it were? It is not clear why the ROC is silent, because the body, so to speak, is restless? Moreover: many other bodies are immured into the wall near the ziggurat, which is the height of blasphemy for Christians, the temple of Satan, by and large, because this is an ancient rite of black magic - to wall people into the fortress walls (so that the fortress stands for centuries)? And the stars above the towers are five-pointed! Pure Satanism, and Satanism at the state level - like the Aztecs.

In this situation, every person who considers himself a clergyman in “multi-confessional” Russia should start every morning with a prayer to his gods, calling for the urgent removal of the ziggurat from Red Square, because this is the temple of Satan, no more and no less! Russians, we are told - "a multi-confessional country": there are also "Orthodox" (meaning the false church of the ROC MP - ed.), and Jehovists, and Muslims, and even gentlemen who call themselves rabbis. All of them are silent: both Ridiger and different mullahs, and Berl-Lazars. Their temple to Satan on Red Square suits. At the same time, this whole company says that they serve a single god. There is a stubborn impression that we know what this "god" is called - the main temple for him stands on the main place of the country. What and who needs more evidence?

From time to time, the public tries to remind the authorities that, supposedly, the construction of communism has been canceled for 15 years already, therefore it would not hurt to take the main builder out of the ziggurat and bury it, or even burn it, scattering the ashes somewhere over the warm sea. The authorities explain: pensioners will protest. A strange explanation: when Comrade Dzhugashvili was carried out of the ziggurat, half the country was on the ears, but nothing - the authorities did not really strain it. Yes, and the Stalinists today are not the same as before: pensioners are silent, even when they are dying of hunger, when they once again raise prices for an apartment, for electricity, for gas, for transport - and then all of a sudden everyone will come out and protest?

Patient V.I. Lenin, being seriously ill, he actually does not live, but survives, paralyzed and speechless. Last photo. He dies in January 1924.

Dzhugashvili was taken out as: today they recognized that he was a criminal - tomorrow they have already buried him. But for some reason, the authorities are in no hurry with Blank (Ulyanov) - they have been dragging with the removal of the body for 15 years now. The stars were not removed from the Kremlin, although the "Museum of the Revolution" was renamed the "Historical Museum". They did not remove the stars from shoulder straps, although they removed political officers from the army. Moreover: the stars were returned to the banners. The anthem is back. The words are different - but the music is the same, as if it awakens in the listeners some kind of program rhythm important for the authorities. And the mummy continues to lie. Is there some kind of occult meaning incomprehensible to the public involved in all this? The authorities again explain: if you touch the mummy, the communists will organize actions. But on November 4, we saw the “action” of the communists - three grannies came. And four grannies came out with banners in a couple of days - on November 7th. Is the government so afraid of them? Or maybe it's something else?

Today, a person who knows what magic is can clearly see the occult, mystical meaning of the building on Red Square. Sometimes it is difficult to explain to others all the drama of the experiment being done on them - someone will not believe it, someone will twist a finger at the temple. However, modern science does not stand still, and what yesterday seemed like magic, for example, human flights through the air or television, has today become the so-called objective reality. Many moments connected with the ziggurat on Red Square have also become a reality.

WHY THE SQUARE IS RED

Modern physics has little studied electricity, light, corpuscular radiation, they talk about the existence of other waves and phenomena. And they are regularly discovered, for example, the Japanese scientist Masaru Emoto recently conducted an extensive study of the microstructure of water crystals, which has long been attributed to the presence of certain properties of an information carrier (and an amplifier of various radiations unrecorded by devices). That is, some part of the knowledge that was considered occult has already become a purely physical fact.

Who, except for specialists, knows about the "mitogenic radiation" of Gurwitsch (Gurwitsch, discovered back in 1923 (partially its physical nature was established in 1954 by the Italians L. Colli and U. Faccini)? These and other persistent invisible waves radiate dead or dying cells. Such waves kill - proved in a number of experiments. Obviously, the reader assumes that we will now discuss the "radiation" emanating from the mummy and harming Muscovites? The reader is deeply mistaken: we will now talk about the history of Red Square. and explain.

Red Square was not always Red. In the Middle Ages, there were many wooden buildings in which there were constant fires. Naturally - for several centuries, more than one person burned alive at this place. At the end of the 15th century, Ivan III put an end to these catastrophes: the wooden buildings were demolished, forming a square - Torg. But in 1571, Bargaining burned out all the same, and again people burned alive - as they will burn later in the Rossiya Hotel. And the square has since become known as "Fire". For centuries, it became the place of executions - pulling out the nostrils, lashings with whips, quartering and boiling alive. The corpses were dumped into the fortress moat - where the bodies of some military leaders are now immured. During the time of Ivan the Terrible, they even kept animals in the ditch, which they fed with these corpses. In 1812, during the capture of Moscow by Napoleon, it all burned down again. Even then, about a hundred thousand Muscovites died, and the corpses were also dragged into the fortress ditches - no one buried them in winter.

From an occult point of view, after such a backstory, Red Square is ALREADY a terrible place, and some sensitive people approaching the Kremlin for the first time feel the oppressive atmosphere spread by its walls. From a physical point of view, the land under Red Square is saturated with death, because the necrobiotic radiation discovered by Gurvich is extremely persistent. Thus, the very place for the ziggurat and the burial of Soviet commanders is already suggestive

ORIGINS OF NECROMANCE ARCHITECTURE

A ziggurat is a ritual architectural structure, tapering upwards like a multi-stage pyramid - the same one that stands on Red Square. However, a ziggurat is not a pyramid, as it always has a small temple on top. The most famous of the ziggurats is the famous Tower of Babel. Judging by the remains of the foundation and the records on the preserved clay tablets, the Tower of Babel consisted of seven tiers, based on a square base with a side of about one hundred meters.

The top of the tower was decorated in the form of a small temple with a ritual WEDDING BED as an altar - the place where the king of the Babylonians entered into intercourse with the virgins brought to him - the spouses of the god of the Babylonians: it was believed that at the moment of the act the deity entered the king or priest performing the magic ceremony and fertilized the woman.

The height of the Tower of Babel did not exceed the width of the base, which we also see in the ziggurat on Red Square, that is, it is quite typical. Its content is also quite typical: something resembling a temple at the top, and something mummified, lying at the lowest level. That something that the Chaldeans used in Babylon later received the designation - teraphim, that is, the opposite of the seraphim.

It is difficult to briefly explain the essence of the concept of "teraphim", not to mention the descriptions of the varieties of teraphim and the approximate principles of their work. Roughly speaking, a teraph is a kind of “sworn object”, a “collector” of magical, parapsychic energy, which, according to magicians, envelops the teraph in layers, formed by special rites and ceremonies. These manipulations are called “the creation of a teraph”, because it is impossible to “make” a teraph.

The clay tablets of Mesopotamia are not very well decipherable, which gives rise to different interpretations of the signs recorded there, sometimes with very striking conclusions (for example, set forth in the books of Zecharia Sitchin). In addition, the sequence of the "creation of the teraphim", which lay in the foundation of the Tower of Babel, would not have been made public by any priest - even under torture. The only thing that the texts say and with which all translators agree is that the teraphim Vila (the main god of the Babylonians, for whom the tower was built to communicate) was a specially processed head of a red-haired man, sealed in a crystal dome. From time to time other heads were added to it.

By analogy with the manufacture of teraphim in other cults (Voodoo and some religions of the Middle East), inside the embalmed head (in the mouth or instead of the removed brain), a gold plate was most likely placed, apparently rhombic in shape, with magical ritual signs. It contained all the power of the teraphim, allowing its owner to interact with any metal on which certain signs or the image of the entire teraphim were drawn in one way or another: the will of the owner of the teraphim flowed through the metal into the person in contact with it: under pain of death by forcing his subjects to wear diamonds around their necks, the king of Babylon could control their owners to one degree or another.

Pickled head with a hole
syphilitic freak VILA
still an object of worship for Russians

We cannot say that the head of a man lying in a ziggurat on Red Square is a teraphim, but the following facts are noteworthy:

• there is at least a cavity in the mummy's head - for some reason the brain is still kept at the Brain Institute;


• the head is covered with a special glass surface;


• the head lies in the lowest tier of the ziggurat, although it would be more logical to put it somewhere upstairs. The basement in all places of worship is always used for contact with the beings of the Hell worlds;


• images of the head (busts) were replicated throughout the USSR, including pioneer badges, where the head was placed in a fire, that is, captured during the classical magical procedure of communicating with the demons of Hell;


• instead of shoulder straps, for some reason, “diamonds” were introduced in the USSR, which were later changed to “asterisks” - the same ones that burn on the Kremlin towers and which were used by the Babylonians in cult ceremonies of communication with Wil. Similar to rhombuses and stars, "decorations" imitating a gold plate inside the head under the tower were also worn in Babylon - they are found in abundance during excavations;

In addition, in the magical practices of Voodoo and some religions of the Middle East, the process of "creating a teraphim" is accompanied by a ritual murder - the life force of the victim had to flow into the teraphim. In some rituals, body parts of the victim are also used, for example, the head of the victim is immured under a glass sarcophagus with a teraphim. We cannot say that something is also immured under the head of the mummy in the ziggurat on Red Square, however, there is evidence that this fact takes place: the heads of the ritually murdered king and queen lie in the ziggurat, as well as the heads of two more unknown people killed in the summer of 1991 - the time of the "transfer" of power from the communists to the "democrats" (thus, the teraphim were "updated", strengthened, as it were).

We have some interesting facts.

The first fact is the certainty that the murder of Nicholas II was ritual and, as a result, his remains could later be used for ritual purposes. Entire historical studies have been written about this, dotting all the “i”.

The second fact is reflected in these studies: the testimonies of Yekaterinburg residents who, on the eve of the assassination of the tsar, saw a man “with the appearance of a rabbi, with a pitch-black beard”: he was brought to the place of execution in a train from ONE CAR, which was occupied by this important person among the Bolsheviks. Immediately after the execution, such a noticeable train left with some boxes. Who came, why - we do not know.

But we know the third fact: a certain professor Zbarsky “invented” the recipe for embalming in three days, although the same North Koreans, having much more advanced technologies, worked on preserving Kim Il Sung for more than a year. That is, someone again apparently suggested the recipe to Zbarsky. And so that the recipe does not float away from his circle, Professor Vorobyov, who helped Zbarsky, and also, willy-nilly, found out about the secret, pretty soon “accidentally” died during the operation.

Finally, the fourth fact - the consultations of the architect Shchusev (the official "builder" of the ziggurat) mentioned in historical documents by a certain F. Poulsen - a specialist in the architecture of Mesopotamia. Interesting: why did the architect consult an archaeologist, because Shchusev, as it were, built, and did not excavate?

Thus, we have every reason to believe that if the Bolsheviks had so many "consultants": on construction, on ritual murders, on embalming - then obviously they advised the revolutionaries correctly, doing everything according to one magic scheme - they would not build Chaldean ziggurat, embalming the body according to the Egyptian recipe, accompanying all the ceremonies of the Aztecs? Although the Aztecs are not so simple.

We compared the ziggurat on Red Square with the Tower of Babel, not because it is most similar to it, although it strongly resembles it: it’s just that the abbreviation of the pseudonym name of the leader of the world proletariat enclosed in the ziggurat coincides with the name of the god of the Babylonians - his name was Wil. We don’t know - again, probably, a “coincidence”. If we talk about the EXACT copy of the ziggurat, about the sample, the "source" - then this is undoubtedly a building on top of the Pyramid of the Moon in Teotiukan, where the Aztecs made human sacrifices to their god Huitzilopochtli. Or a structure very similar to it.

Huitzilopochtli is the main god of the Aztec pantheon. One day he promised the Aztecs that he would lead them to a "blessed" place where they would become his chosen people. This happened under the leader Tenoch: the Aztecs came to Teotiukan, massacred the Toltecs who lived there, and on top of one of the pyramids erected by the Toltecs built the temple of Huitzilopochtli, where they thanked their tribal god with human sacrifices.

Thus, everything is clear with the Aztecs: at first some demon helped them - then they began to feed this demon. However, nothing is clear with the Bolsheviks: was Huitzilopochtli involved in the revolution of 1917, after all, the temple near the Kremlin was built specifically for him!? Moreover, Shchusev, who built the ziggurat, was consulted by a specialist in the cultures of Mesopotamia, right? But in the end, the temple of the bloody Aztec deity turned out. How did it happen? Did Shchusev listen badly? Or Poulsen badly told? Or maybe Poulsen really had something to talk about?

The answer to this question became possible only in the middle of the 20th century, when images of the so-called "Pergamum Altar" or, as it is also called, "the throne of Satan" were found. Mention of him is already found in the Gospel, where Christ, referring to a man from Pergamum, said the following: "... you live where the throne of Satan" (Rev. 2.13). For a long time, this building was known mainly from legends - there was no image.

Once this image was found. When studying it, it turned out that either the temple for Huitzilopochtli is its exact copy, or the designs have some more ancient pattern, from which they were copied. The most convincing version claims that the "original" now rests at the bottom of the Atlantic - in the middle of the mainland that died in the abyss - Atlantis. Some of the priests of the ancient satanic cult moved to Mesoamerica, and the second part took refuge somewhere in Mesopotamia. We don’t know if this is really so, and it’s hard to say which branch the builders of the ziggurat in Moscow belong to, but the fact is obvious - in the center of the capital there is a building, an exact copy of two ancient temples where bloody rites were performed and inside this building in a glass coffin there is a specially embalmed corpse. And this is in the 20th century.

The consultant, who “helped” Shchusev build the ziggurat, knew well how the building needed by the customer should look like without any excavation of clay tablets. Strange knowledge, strange customers, a strange place for the building, strange events in the country after the completion of construction - famine, and more than one, war, and more than one, the Gulag - a whole network of places where millions of people were tortured, as if pumping life energy out of them. And, apparently, the ziggurat became the accumulator of this energy.

PRINCIPLES OF THE ZIGKURAT COMPLEX

Trying to talk about the “principles of operation” of the ritual complex on Red Square would not be entirely correct, since magic is an act of occult influence, and the occult has no principles. Say, physics talks about some kind of "protons" and "electrons", but after all, the creation of electrons, the creation of protons, still lies in the beginning. How did they come about? As a result of the "magic" of the Big Bang? In words, the phenomenon can be called whatever you like, but this does not make the supernatural something that can be touched and seen. Even "feeling" and "looking" is still a fact of the interaction of consciousness with individual manifestations of the so-called "electricity", the essence of which is absolutely incomprehensible. However, let's try to fit into the terminology acceptable to scientific atheism.

view from above:
"cut" 4th corner
(taken from the Bolshevik website www.lenin.ru)

Everyone knows what a parabolic antenna is. They also know the general principle of its operation: a parabolic antenna is a mirror that collects something, right? What is the corner of the building? An angle is an angle, that is, the intersection of two even walls. There are three such corners at the base of the ziggurat on Red Square. And in place of the fourth - on the side from which the demonstrations passing in front of the stands appear - there is no corner. There, of course, there is not a stone pabolic “plate”, but there is definitely no corner there - there is a niche (it is clearly visible on the frames of the archival chronicle, where people in clothes with stars burn the banners of the Third Reich at the ziggurat). The question is: why this niche? Why such a strange architectural decision? Is the ziggurat drawing some kind of energy from the crowd walking across the square? We do not know, although we recall that it is customary to put a very naughty child in a corner, and it is extremely uncomfortable to sit on the corner of the table, since cavities and internal corners draw energy from a person, and sharply protruding corners and ribs, on the contrary, radiate. We cannot say what kind of energy we are talking about, it is possible that some of its qualities are just represented by the so-called "electromagnetic radiation", actively used by the organizers of the ziggurat. Judge for yourself.

"Cut off" 4th corner of Satan's throne - VILA

In the early 20s of the last century, Paul Kremer published a series of publications in which, using such a purely abstract thing at that time as “genes” (at that time they did not know about DNA), he brought out a whole theory about how to influence the genes of a particular population with hypothetical radiation expelled from dead or dying tissues. By and large, it was a theory about how to spoil the gene pool of an entire nation, forcing people to stand in front of a specially processed corpse for a while, or relaying the "radiation" of this corpse to the whole country. At first glance, a pure theory: some kind of "genes", some kind of "rays", although such a procedure was well known to magicians back in the time of the pharaohs and was governed by the laws of asymptotic magic. According to these laws, the appearance and well-being of the pharaoh were somehow relayed to his subjects in a supernatural way: the pharaoh was sick - the people were sick, they made some kind of freak and mutant the pharaoh - mutations and deformities began to appear in children throughout Egypt.

Then people forgot about this magic, or rather, people were actively helped to forget that it was magic. But time passes, and people understand how the DNA system works - understand from the point of view of molecular biology. And then a few more decades pass and such a science as wave genetics appears, such phenomena as DNA solitons are discovered - that is, super-weak, but extremely stable acoustic and electromagnetic fields generated by the genetic apparatus of the cell. With the help of these fields, cells exchange information both with each other and with the outside world, including, switching off or even rearranging certain regions of chromosomes. This is scientific fact, no science fiction. It remains only to compare the fact of the existence of DNA solitons and the fact of visiting the ziggurat with the mummy of SEVENTY MILLION people. Draw your own conclusions.

The next possible "working mechanism" of the ziggurat is a stable mitogenic field on Red Square, created by the blood and emanations of pain of people killed there that have soaked into the local soil. How would it be a coincidence that the ziggurat is in this place? And the fact that under the ziggurat there is a huge sewer - that is, a cloaca filled to the top with excrement - is also a "coincidence"? On the one hand, stool is a material that has long been traditionally used in magic to induce various types of damage, on the other hand, think about how many microbes live and die in the sewers? When they die, they radiate. How strongly Gurvich's experiments showed: small colonies of microbes easily killed mice and even rats. Did the builders of the ziggurat know that there was sewage at the site of the future building? Suppose that the Bolsheviks did not have an architectural plan for the square, they dug blindly, as a result of which one day the sewer broke and the mummy was flooded. But then the collector was not rebuilt, taking, for example, away from the ziggurat. It was simply deepened and expanded (this information will be confirmed by Moscow diggers) - so that the leader of the world proletariat has something to eat.

It seems that the builders of the ziggurat apparently mastered the magic perfectly, if through the millennia they managed to betray some tradition from generation to generation and once reproduced the “throne of Satan” on Red Square - never having seen drawings known to science with his image. Owned, own and, obviously, will own, putting on the Russians, and possibly on all of humanity, satanic experiments. And perhaps they won't - if the Russians find the strength to put an end to this. This is not difficult to do, because although the ziggurat is registered with UNESCO as a “historical monument” (monuments cannot be desecrated), the unburied corpse lying there completely falls out of the legal field, defiles the religious feelings of believers of all faiths and even atheists. You can simply take it and pull it out at night by the legs, without violating a single Russian "law", because there is no law or legal basis for which this mummy is in the ziggurat.

From the book "The Origins of Evil (The Secret of Communism)":

"Write to the angel of the Pergamon church: ... you live where the throne of Satan is:". In any guide to Berlin, it is mentioned that since 1914, the Pergamon Altar was located in one of the Berlin museums. He was discovered by German archaeologists, and he was moved to the center of Nazi Germany. But the story of Satan's throne does not end there. The Swedish newspaper "Svenska Dagblalit" on January 27, 1948 reported the following: "The Soviet army took Berlin, and the altar of Satan was moved to Moscow." It is strange that for a long time the Pergamon Altar was not exhibited in any of the Soviet museums. Why was it necessary to move him to Moscow?

The architect Shchusev, who built Lenin's mausoleum in 1924, took the Pergamon altar as the basis for the design of this tombstone. Outwardly, the mausoleum was built according to the principle of building the ancient Babylonian temples, of which the most famous is the Tower of Babel, mentioned in the Bible. In the book of the prophet Daniel, written in the 7th century BC, it says: "The Babylonians had an idol named Bel." Isn't it a meaningful coincidence with the initials of Lenin lying on the throne of Satan?

And to this day VIL's mummy is kept there, inside the pentagram. Church archeology testifies: "The ancient Jews, having rejected Moses and faith in the true God, cast from gold not only the calf, but also the star of Remphan" - a five-pointed star, which serves as an invariable attribute of the satanic cult. Satanists call it the seal of Lucifer.

Thousands of Soviet citizens stood in line every day to visit this temple of Satan, where Lenin's mummy lies. The heads of state paid tribute to Lenin, who rests within the walls of a monument erected to Satan. Not a day goes by that this place is not decorated with flowers, while Christian churches on the same Red Square in Moscow were turned into lifeless museums for many decades.

While the Kremlin is overshadowed by the stars of Lucifer, while on Red Square, inside the exact copy of the Pergamon altar of Satan, there is the mummy of the most consistent Marxist, we know that the influence of the dark forces of communism remains.