Many contemporaries of A. S. Pushkin, even during his lifetime, predicted for him a special place in Russian and world literature. The well-known Russian critic V. G. Belinsky wrote about Pushkin: “The time will come when he will be a classical poet in Russia, according to whose works they will form and develop not only an aesthetic, but also a moral sense.” And history has shown that he was absolutely right.

A. S. Pushkin left behind an invaluable legacy. The writer drew themes for his works from the depths of life. He subjected reality to bold criticism and at the same time found in it ideals close to the people. And from the height of these ideals, he assessed all the events and phenomena of life. Pushkin became a truly national poet, the soul of the people, their voice. In his work, he raised questions that worried both the poet's contemporaries and subsequent generations.

Deeply, vividly and vividly expressing personal experiences in his poems, the poet is not limited to a personal theme. In his works, there is always a genuine interest in other people, in the fate of the people and the country. And this public theme worries the author as sincerely as a personal one. It is about this - about the meaning of life and the purpose of the poet - that he speaks in the poems "Poet", "Prophet" and many others.

Bypassing seas and lands,

Burn people's hearts with the verb.

This is how Pushkin understood his task and made high demands on himself. A poet can live a quiet life as long as his poetic spirit "tastes a cold sleep." But there comes a moment when "the poet's soul will tremble like an awakened eagle", "prophetic eyes" will open and he will begin to see what is inaccessible to the eyes of an ordinary person, he will begin to hear "shudder of the sky", "a reptile of the sea underwater passage and vegetation of the valley vine" . Creativity is a great work and a feat, and a poet must be inspired by a great and important idea. Poetry, according to Pushkin's firm conviction, must strictly follow the truth, faithfully serve freedom, beauty, goodness and justice. The strictest judge of his work is the poet himself:

You are your own highest court

You know how to appreciate your work more strictly.

Are you satisfied with it, demanding artist?

Satisfied? So let the crowd scold him.

The author urges the poet not to pay attention to the opinion of the crowd, to be indifferent to blasphemy and praise. After all, praise, resentment and slander are temporary. Only devotion to one's lofty ideals is constant. And Alexander Sergeevich strove to follow these requirements and tasks all his life. He constantly lived the life of his country, its joys and sorrows, its successes and sufferings, its glory and pain.

Pushkin was a poet of freedom: his work appeals to freedom - political and spiritual, freedom from slavery and prejudice. He dedicated it to the service of man, the struggle for happiness and justice. “The poet is the echo of the world,” wrote M. Gorky.

Pushkin was a poet for the elite, and at the same time, characteristic, typical experiences and feelings are reflected in his works, understandable and close to most people. So, in the poem "The Village", the ode "Liberty" reflected the thoughts and aspirations of the progressively minded strata of society. And in the poems "I loved you." or "I remember a wonderful moment." there are sincere tender feelings that have excited and will always thrill the hearts of all people, regardless of their views and political convictions.

Pushkin was a "poet of reality", in his work all the diversity of the phenomena of life resonated, the whole colorful living world excited the "gentle mind" of the poet. And in this whole world, in every detail imperceptible at first glance, he knew how to find the beauty and harmony lurking in it. N.V. Gogol asked himself the question: “What was the subject of his poetry?” And the answer was obvious and startling: “Everything has become her subject. Thought becomes numb before the innumerability of its objects.

In his poem "I am a monument to myself." the poet expresses the hope that future generations will understand and appreciate him, will love his poetry because it awakens the best feelings. With all his creativity, all his life, all his thoughts, aspirations and deeds, A.S. Pushkin erected a “non-handmade monument” to which the “folk path” has not overgrown for many years and will probably never overgrow.

I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,

The folk trail will not grow to it,

He ascended higher as the head of the rebellious

Pillar of Alexandria.

No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre

My ashes will survive and decay will run away -

And I will be glorious as long as in the sublunar world

At least one piit will live.

The rumor about me will spread throughout the great Russia,

And every language that is in it will call me,

And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild

Tungus, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.

And for a long time I will be kind to the people,

That I aroused good feelings with lyre,

That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom

And he called for mercy on the fallen.

By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,

Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown,

Praise and slander were accepted indifferently

And don't argue with the fool.

Updated: 2011-05-09

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Historical and biographical material

History of creation and date of writing the poem

The poem was written a few months before the poet's death in 1836. It was read by Pushkin at the New Year's ball.

The place of the poem in the work of the poet

The poet sums up his work, trying to look into the future.

The main theme of the poem

The poem "Monument" is dedicated to reflections on the purpose of the poet and poetry on earth. It seems to me that this poem expresses the firm, already established views of the poet. According to Pushkin, the poet is God's messenger who brings the righteous word to the people. The author is confident that his work will not fade over the years, and people will always be interested in his creations.

The theme of creativity, poet and poetry.

Lyrical plot

The plot of the poem is an understanding of the fate of the poet on a historical scale.

The problem of the poem

The problem of fixing one's fame as a poet in time.

Composition of the poem

Pushkin believes that his soul, contained in poetry, is immortal:

Soul in the cherished lyre

My ashes will survive and decay will flee.

In the last stanza, the poet calls on the muse to be supportive, that is, he asks that inspiration not leave him. He also asks “to accept praise and slander with indifference”, because the crowd is fickle: today it praises, and tomorrow it shames and hates your poems. Of course, this will mislead or confuse anyone.

The last line persuades the muse "not to challenge the fool." If a person does not understand everything that the poet wanted to convey in verse, then there is no need to prove to him about the significance of the poet and poetry in our land.

In the first four stanzas, the lyrical hero reflects on his poetic heritage, the last stanza is an appeal to the muse.

Lyrical hero

The prevailing mood, its change

The mood is solemn and sublime throughout the poem.

By its sublimity, the work can be defined as an ode. It sings of the poet and his merits.

Five stanzas, quatrains.

Basic images

The image of a miraculous monument is created in comparison with a real granite column, installed in 1834 on the Palace Square in St. Petersburg in honor of the winner of Napoleon, one of the organizers of the Holy Union of Emperor Alexander I.

The image of the muse is pure, not stained with pride. She does not accept flattery and does not condemn critics.

Vocabulary of the poem

Vocabulary of a high style, which is typical for this genre: “raised”, “by the head”, “by command”.

Poetic Syntax

The poem uses a lot of bright means of language expressiveness. For example, allegory (the word “monument” means what the poet created during his life), epithets (a monument not made by hands, with a rebellious head, in a cherished lyre, the sublunar world, according to Great Russia, a real language, a friend of the Kalmyk steppes, a wild Tungus), personifications (the soul will survive the ashes and run away from decay; muse, be obedient, praise and slander were accepted indifferently, do not challenge the fool), antitheses (not made by hands and rebellious, good feelings and cruel age, praise and slander), archaic words that give solemnity to the poem ( piit, until, in the cherished lyre, in the great Russia, erected not made by hands, accept, exist, do not dispute).

Complex sentences, inversion used.

Figurative means of allegory

epithets: “a monument not made by hands”, “the head of a rebellious”, “cherished lyre”.

sound recording

The dynamics of the development of the lyrical plot is conveyed by phonic means. The repetition prevailing in the first stanza emphasizes the key idea (sound associations):

I am remembered Nick erected for himself not man-made ny,

To not mu not will overgrow on the genus naya trail,

WHO not see above is he head not submissive Noah

Alex en drian pillar.

Not, all of me not die...

In the next three stanzas-quatrains, such a phonic system as onomatopoeia comes to the fore. Thanks to the repetition of "d" with vowels, an echo of the bell ringing is heard. The impression is created not only solemn, but also disturbing, since the assonant sound “u” is activated. In the last stanza, he prevails, emphasizing tragic notes in the psychological state of the lyrical hero.

Iambic six-foot, two-syllable foot with stress on the 2nd syllable.

Rhythm and rhyme. Ways to rhyme

Cross rhyme.

Emotions evoked while reading

In my opinion, the poem "Monument" is one of the brightest and most beautiful poems by A.S. Pushkin, which occupies a significant place in his work.

A. Alexander II

B. Kutuzov M.I.

V. Minin K. and Pozharsky D.I.

G. Pushkin A.S.

What name did the wife of Nicholas II, born Princess Victoria Alice Helena Louise Beatrice of Hesse-Darmstadt, take when joining Orthodoxy?

A. Alexandra Fedorovna

B. Ekaterina Alekseevna

V. Elizaveta Fedorovna

G. Maria Fedorovna

How many children were in the family of Nicholas II?

A. two girls and two boys

B. three girls and two boys

V. three girls and a boy

D. four girls and a boy

During the years of what war did the crossing of the Danube, the siege of Plevna, the defense of Shipka, the battle at Sheinovo take place?

A. Krymskoy

B. World War I

B. Russian-Turkish

G. Russian-Japanese

9. From the list provided, select a discovery that was made at the end of the 19th century:

A. Geometry of Lobachevsky

B. Discovery of Antarctica

B. Periodic system of chemical elements of Mendeleev

D. Smallpox vaccination

10. Select a list that lists works that appeared in the second half of the 19th century:

A. Comedy "Woe from Wit", the painting "Again a deuce", a monument to "Minin and Pozharsky" on Red Square

B. Roman in verse "Eugene Onegin", painting "Morning in a pine forest", monument "The Bronze Horseman"

V. The novel "Crime and Punishment", the painting "Black Square", the monument "Alexander's Column"

G. The epic novel "War and Peace", the painting "Bogatyrs", the monument "Millennium of Russia"

LOGICS

1. Six vowels and spaces fell out of the proverb, restore it:

Kng-klchkznn

_____________________________

How many quadrilaterals are in the picture?

_________________________

What combination of letters is next?

LIBRARY

IBBLIOTEAC

IBBLIOTAEK

IBLBIOTEC

____________________________

Fill in the empty cells.

Define the word in brackets.

1 28 12 (BY L I N A) 9 14 0

18 11 0 (. . . . . .) 8 11 0

Arrange the letters in the cells so that you get the name of the famous Russian fabulist and one of the heroines of his works.

A B C L N O O R S

8. Guess which word is hidden in the picture (isograph):

________________________

9. Having solved the rebus, write down the title of the work and indicate its author:

___________________________

10. Remembering the literary terms, solve the metagram by writing both words in the answer, which consist of 6 letters.

The first consists of combinations of the second

The first differs from the second penultimate letter

The first has a note at the end

Reading the letters in them in the order 5432, we will see in the first fortification,

and in the second sports ground .

READING

The reign of the emperors Alexander II, Alexander III and Nicholas II is the "golden years" of charity and mercy. At this time, a whole system of guardianship begins to take shape. Among the representatives of the reigning House of Romanov were real ascetics of charity and mercy: Empresses Maria Alexandrovna, Alexandra Feodorovna, Maria Feodorovna (mother of Nicholas II), Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna (now the holy martyr Elizabeth), Alexandra Petrovna (now the holy nun Anastasia of Kyiv), a close relative of the imperial family, Prince Peter of Oldenburg - trustee of the Kyiv House of Charity for the Poor, patron of the Eye Hospital. Many members of the House of Romanov built charitable institutions, shelters and almshouses at their own expense, actively patronized charity institutions.

The tradition of Russian charity was broken by the 1917 revolution. All funds of public and private charitable organizations were nationalized in a short time, their property was transferred to the state, and the organizations themselves were abolished by special decrees.

Olympiad "Our Heritage" cooperates with the Orthodox help service "Mercy".

27 service projects are located in different parts of Moscow, and some programs extend to the whole country. The "Mercy" service is a single organism, a single service to help the most disadvantaged: lonely old people, the disabled, pregnant women who find themselves without a roof over their heads, orphans, the homeless, HIV-infected.

One of the key features of the "Mercy" service is the presence of its own infrastructure, thanks to which comprehensive, professional and long-term assistance is provided to permanent wards. St. Sophia Social Home, Rehabilitation Center for Children with Cerebral Palsy, Elizaveta Orphanage, St. Spiridonievskaya Almshouse, "House for Mom" ​​and many other projects are non-governmental non-profit institutions that are part of the "Mercy" service.

80% of the service "Mercy" exists on donations, so the fate of all those whom the service helps depends on how regularly funds are received from philanthropists. The service "Mercy" has about 400 permanent wards - those whom the employees of "Mercy" take care of year after year. These are orphans who are brought up in orphanages and state boarding schools, lonely old people in an almshouse, disabled adults in a psycho-neurological boarding school, and others. In just a year, the Mercy service helps more than 20,000 people in need.

It would be great if at least once a year each participant of our Olympiad consciously refuses, for example, to buy ice cream and transfers these funds to support one of the Mercy services https://miloserdie.help/projects/.

Together we can do a lot of good things.

1. Fill in the table. Under each word, write down the corresponding word or its number from the list (1 point per match):

History of creation. The poem "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ..." was written on August 21, 1836, that is, shortly before Pushkin's death. In it, he sums up his poetic activity, relying on the traditions of not only Russian, but also world literature. The direct model from which Pushkin repelled was Derzhavin's poem "Monument" (1795), which gained great fame. At the same time, Pushkin not only compares himself and his poetry with the great predecessor, but also highlights the features characteristic of his work.

genre and composition. According to genre features, Pushkin's poem is an ode, but it is a special variety of this genre. She came to Russian literature as a pan-European tradition, originating in antiquity. No wonder Pushkin took lines from the poem of the ancient Roman poet Horace "To Melpomene" as an epigraph to the poem: Exegi monumentum - "I erected a monument." Horace is the author of "Satire" and a number of poems that glorified his name. He created the message "To Melpomene" at the end of his career. Melpomene in ancient Greek mythology is one of the nine muses, the patroness of tragedy, a symbol of theatrics. In this message, Horace evaluates his merits in poetry .. Later, the creation of such poems in the genre of a kind of poetic "monument" became a stable literary tradition. It was introduced into Russian literature by Lomonosov, who was the first to translate Horace's message. Then a free translation of the poem with an assessment of his merits in poetry was made by G.R. Derzhavin, calling it "Monument". It was in it that the main genre features of such poetic "monuments" were determined. Finally, this genre variety was formed in Pushkin's "Monument".

Following Derzhavin, Pushkin divides his poem into five stanzas, using a similar form and size of the verse. Like Derzhavin's, Pushkin's poem is written in quatrains, but with a slightly modified meter. In the first three lines, like Derzhavin, Pushkin uses the traditional. the odic size is 6-foot iambic (Alexandrian verse), but the last line is written in 4-foot iambic, which makes it percussive and puts a semantic emphasis on it.

Main themes and ideas. Pushkin's poem is. anthem of poetry. Its main theme is the glorification of true poetry and the affirmation of the high appointment of the poet in the life of society. In this, Pushkin acts as the heir to the traditions of Lomonosov and Derzhavin. But at the same time, despite the similarity of external forms with Derzhavin's poem, Pushkin largely rethought the problems posed, and put forward his own idea of ​​the meaning of creativity and its evaluation. Revealing the theme of the relationship between the poet and the reader, Pushkin points out that his poetry is mostly addressed to a wide audience. This is evident." already from the first lines. ". "The folk path will not overgrow to it," he says about his literary "monument". Pushkin introduces here the theme of freedom, which is a "cross-cutting" in his work, noting that his "monument" is marked by love of freedom: "He rose above the head of the recalcitrant Pillar of Alexandria."

The second stanza of all the poets who created such poems affirms the immortality of poetry, which enables the author to continue to live in the memory of his descendants: “No, all of me will not die - the soul in the cherished lyre / My ashes will survive and run away from decay.” But unlike Derzhavin, Pushkin, who experienced misunderstanding and rejection of the crowd in the last years of his life, focuses on the fact that his poetry will find a wider response in the hearts of people who are close to him in spiritual disposition, creators, and this is not only about domestic literature, “And about the poets of the whole world: “And I will be glorious, as long as in the sublunar world / At least one piit will live.”

The third stanza, like that of Derzhavin, is devoted to the theme of the development of interest in poetry among the widest sections of the people who were not previously familiar with it, and wide posthumous fame:

The rumor about me will spread throughout the great Russia,
And the alley that is in it will call me. language,
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tungus, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.

The fourth stanza carries the main semantic load. Namely, in it the poet defines the main thing that constitutes the essence of his work and for which he can hope for poetic immortality:

And for a long time I will be kind to the people,
That I aroused good feelings with lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified freedom
And he called for mercy on the fallen.

In these lines, Pushkin draws the reader's attention to the humanity, humanism of his works, returning to the most important problem of late creativity. From the point of view of the poet, the “good feelings” that art awakens in readers are more important than its aesthetic qualities. For the literature of the second half of the 19th century, this problem will become the subject of fierce discussions between representatives of democratic criticism and the so-called pure art. But for Pushkin, the possibility of a harmonious solution is obvious: the last two lines of this stanza return us to the theme of freedom, but understood through the prism of the idea of ​​mercy. It is significant that in the initial version, instead of the words “in my cruel age,” Pushkin wrote “following Radishchev.” Not only because of censorship considerations, the poet refused such a direct indication of the political meaning of love of freedom. More important for the author of The Captain's Daughter, where the problem of mercy and mercy was very sharply posed, was the affirmation of the idea of ​​goodness and justice in their highest, Christian understanding.

The last stanza is a traditional appeal to the muse for "monument" poems:

By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
And don't argue with the fool.

In Pushkin, these lines are filled with a special meaning: they return us to the ideas expressed in the program poem "The Prophet". Their main idea is that the poet creates according to the highest will, and therefore he is responsible for his art not before people who are often unable to understand it, but before God. Such ideas were characteristic of Pushkin's late work and were voiced in the poems "The Poet", "To the Poet", "The Poet and the Crowd". In them, the problem of the poet and society arises with particular acuteness, and the fundamental independence of the artist from the opinions of the public is affirmed. In Pushkin's "Monument" this idea acquires the most capacious formulation, which creates a harmonious conclusion to reflections on poetic glory and overcoming death through divinely inspired art.

Artistic originality. The significance of the theme and the high pathos of the poem determined the special solemnity of its overall sound. The slow, majestic rhythm is created not only by the odic meter (iambic with pyrrhic), but also by the widespread use of anaphora (“And I will be glorious ...”, “And he will call me ...”, “And the proud grandson of the Slavs ... ”, “And for a long time I will be kind to that ...”, “And mercy to the fallen ..”), inversion (“He ascended higher as the head of the recalcitrant Pillar of Alexandria), syntactic parallelism and rows of homogeneous members (“And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn , and now the wild tungus ... "). The selection of lexical means also contributes to the creation of a high style. The poet uses lofty epithets (a monument not made by hands, a rebellious head, a cherished lyre, in the sublunar world, a proud grandson of the Slavs), a large number of Slavicisms (erected, head, piit, until). In one of the most significant artistic images of the poem, metonymy is used - "That I awakened good feelings with lyre ...". In general, all artistic means create a solemn hymn to poetry.

The value of the work. Pushkin's "Monument", continuing the traditions of Lomonosov and Derzhavin, stands in a special place in Russian literature. He not only summed up Pushkin's work, but also marked that milestone, that height of poetic art, which served as a guide for all subsequent generations of Russian poets. Not all of them strictly followed the genre tradition of the "monument" poem, like A.A. Fet, but every time the Russian poet addresses the problem of art, its purpose and evaluation of his achievements, he recalls Pushkin's words: "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,.,", trying to get closer to its unattainable height.

A MONUMENT TO WHICH THE PEOPLE'S PATH WILL NOT GROW. Many contemporaries of A. S. Pushkin, even during his lifetime, predicted for him a special place in Russian and world literature. The well-known Russian critic V. G. Belinsky wrote about Pushkin: “The time will come when he will be a classical poet in Russia, according to whose works they will form and develop not only an aesthetic, but also a moral sense.” And history has shown that he was absolutely right.

A. S. Pushkin left behind an invaluable legacy. The writer drew themes for his works from the depths of life. He subjected reality to bold criticism and at the same time found in it ideals close to the people. And from the height of these ideals, he assessed all the events and phenomena of life. Pushkin became a truly national poet, the soul of the people, their voice. In his work, he raised questions that worried both the poet's contemporaries and subsequent generations.

Deeply, vividly and vividly expressing personal experiences in his poems, the poet is not limited to a personal theme. In his works, there is always a genuine interest in other people, in the fate of the people and the country. And this public theme worries the author as sincerely as a personal one. It is about this - about the meaning of life and the purpose of the poet - that he speaks in the poems "Poet", "Prophet" and many others.

Bypassing seas and lands,

Burn people's hearts with the verb.

This is how Pushkin understood his task and made high demands on himself. A poet can live a quiet life as long as his poetic spirit "tastes a cold sleep." But there comes a moment when "the poet's soul will tremble like an awakened eagle", "prophetic eyes" will open and he will begin to see what is inaccessible to the eyes of an ordinary person, he will begin to hear "shudder of the sky", "a reptile of the sea underwater passage and vegetation of the valley vine" . Creativity is a great work and a feat, and a poet must be inspired by a great and important idea. Poetry, according to Pushkin's firm conviction, must strictly follow the truth, faithfully serve freedom, beauty, goodness and justice. The strictest judge of his work is the poet himself:

... You yourself are your highest court,

You know how to appreciate your work more strictly.

Are you satisfied with it, demanding artist?

Satisfied? So let the crowd scold him ...

The author urges the poet not to pay attention to the opinion of the crowd, to be indifferent to blasphemy and praise. After all, praise, resentment and slander are temporary. Only devotion to one's lofty ideals is constant. And Alexander Sergeevich strove to follow these requirements and tasks all his life. He constantly lived the life of his country, its joys and sorrows, its successes and sufferings, its glory and pain.

Pushkin was a poet of freedom: his work appeals to freedom - political and spiritual, freedom from slavery and prejudice. He dedicated it to the service of man, the struggle for happiness and justice. “The poet is the echo of the world,” wrote M. Gorky.

Pushkin was a poet for the elite, and at the same time, characteristic, typical experiences and feelings are reflected in his works, understandable and close to most people. So, in the poem "The Village", the ode "Liberty" reflected the thoughts and aspirations of the progressively minded strata of society. And in the poems “I loved you ...” or “I remember a wonderful moment ...” there are sincere tender feelings that worried and will always thrill the hearts of all people, regardless of their views and political convictions.

Pushkin was a "poet of reality", in his work all the diversity of the phenomena of life resonated, the whole colorful living world excited the "gentle mind" of the poet. And in this whole world, in every detail imperceptible at first glance, he knew how to find the beauty and harmony lurking in it. N.V. Gogol asked himself the question: “What was the subject of his poetry?” And the answer was obvious and amazing: "Everything has become its object ... Thought becomes numb before the innumerability of its objects."

In his poem "I am a monument to myself ..." the poet expresses the hope that future generations will understand and appreciate him, love his poetry because it awakens the best feelings. With all his creativity, all his life, all his thoughts, aspirations and deeds, A.S. Pushkin erected a “non-handmade monument” to which the “folk path” has not overgrown for many years and will probably never overgrow.