It is no longer a new idea that a person's happiness does not depend on having money or external beauty, not on a profitable marriage or a fast-moving career, but only on his attitude to everything that he encounters and possesses.
Happy people are happy with what they have, while unhappy people demand more from themselves and the world around them than they can offer.
The syndrome of high expectations is a deviation of a psychological nature, which is expressed through exorbitant demands and too high expectations regarding oneself and others.
A person who has inflated demands and inflated expectations is sure that he deserves much more than he has now - this can concern any sphere of our existence. He carries himself through life in full confidence that he is about to live in a luxurious house, drive a car of the latest brand or hug a model from the cover of a magazine by the waist. It would seem that what is wrong with such dreams? And if these are not even dreams, but specific goals, perhaps, on the contrary, we should learn from such people?
Let's remember what and is. In the first case, a person draws pictures of a wonderful future in his imagination, realizing that they are unlikely to be realized - or maybe not necessary. For example, flying to the moon. The idea is good, but too far from the wallet of mere mortals. Goals are distinguished by the fact that a person is aware of the possibility of their implementation and makes efforts to achieve them. An important role is also played by a clear awareness of one's appropriateness in the intended role and readiness to bear the responsibility that it will require.
High expectations hang somewhere in the middle between dreams and goals- they have the shell of a goal, but are even less achievable than dreams. Being firmly convinced of his worthiness to possess certain benefits, the carrier of the syndrome does nothing to achieve his goal and does not realize that he absolutely does not fit the role assigned to himself. He can lie on the couch in torn sportswear and wait for the longed-for glory to finally come to him - but, of course, nothing will come of it.
Sometimes it also happens that a person makes great efforts to realize his expectations, but cannot stop at the golden mean. Trying to make himself or others ideal, he goes beyond all the limits of common sense - after all, his goal is initially unattainable. This is how silicone freaks appear, ridiculously pumped athletes, tyrant bosses and inadequate fighters against injustice.
may have different causes. It's curious that it can be provoked by both overestimated and underestimated self-esteem. Having an overestimated self-esteem, the “patient” draws up a picture of himself that does not correspond to reality - of course, the most beautiful one - and waits for all the benefits that are due to him to come by themselves. People with low self-esteem usually make too high demands on themselves. They try to develop themselves to the level of perfection, not realizing that this is impossible.
The trigger for the onset of the syndrome may be childhood hidden psychological trauma. The most common pattern is that what was lacking in childhood becomes an obsession in adulthood.
This can be clearly seen in the relationship of children in whose family there was not enough love - for themselves or between their parents. They tend to idealize their future partner and make excessive demands on him. Those who spent their childhood in unsanitary conditions often grow up to be squeamish perfectionists who impose their own concepts of cleanliness on others. Fierce fighters for sobriety come out of the families of alcoholics, demanding from others the same unquestioning observance of the purity of the body.
It is difficult to be a person endowed with a syndrome of high expectations - he is disappointed more often than others because he demands too much from the world. He is constantly tense, anxious and nervous, as he is in a state of constant conflict between fiction and reality. It is hard for his relatives because of the constant nit-picking and growing demands, endless depression and irritability.
It is sad that inflated expectations from life are often imposed on us artificially, from outside. After watching glossy TV shows, where even cleaners dress better than our average women, and every man is macho and rich, many believe them. Of course, the creators of the series do not intend to put any complexes in our heads - they just want to make a beautiful picture. Sane viewers understand that this is just a fairy tale stylized as real life. But how many of those around us who take it at face value! They look at themselves, ordinary ones - and at the plot heroines who wake up already made up and cheerful. And they think: “There must be something wrong with me.”
Worse, advertisers use the same technique - but for their own purposes. Demonstrating the ideal world, bright videos and posters promise to join it - use our paste, and you will immediately get an impossibly white smile. And between the lines - you will be just as handsome, rich, and even your teeth will straighten themselves ... The creators of advertising do not just popularize the product - they show us a non-existent, beautiful, unattainable, but such an alluring future. And now it seems to us that everything around is disgustingly gray, and we must strive there, into the sparkling society of superhumans.
Of course, most of us in one way or another have inflated expectations - from the imminent celebration of the New Year, from the anticipation of a new purchase, from a future trip. And the more these expectations, the more difficult it is to be happy. And when they turn into an obsession that destroys life - this is the syndrome that we are talking about today. Experts will help you deal with it. And for those who only sometimes worry about the fact that “everything didn’t turn out the way they wanted” - relax and enjoy life as it is.
It is rightly said that you should not expect anything at all: you will not be disappointed from bad results, and good ones will be a pleasant surprise!
Sergei Tretyakov:
“Time makes more and more demands on us”
On April 26, Russian notaries celebrated their professional holiday - Notaries Day. Chelyabinsk notaries have one more reason to be in a festive mood - the regional notarial chamber has moved to a new building and is celebrating a housewarming party. Chamber President Sergei Tretyakov told Chelyabinsk Review about how his colleagues live and how the institution of notaries has changed in recent years.
Andrey Tkachenko
- Sergey Viktorovich, how was the move to the new premises, and why did you need to move?
Everything is quite simple. In our previous room, on Vorovskogo Street, the ward became a bit crowded. Here (the floor in the office building on Krasnoarmeyskaya Street - editorial note) there is much more space - 400 square meters versus 220. This is necessary for the normal operation of the chamber, but above all - for the convenience, comfort of our notaries, and those people who come here. But we are not chic, don't think - we are talking about creating normal, working conditions, nothing more. In addition, ordinary citizens are increasingly coming to us, to the chamber, with their problems and questions.
- Have people become more likely to turn to the services of notaries?
It's not easy to say statistically. For some indicators there is a decline, for many there is an increase. Five or six years ago, the number of notarial acts performed decreased due to certain changes in legislation. But since 2014–15, the rise began again, when the state, apparently, was imbued with confidence in the notaries and, making sure that we are one of the most reliable legal institutions, legally increased our responsibility and expanded our area of application. In turn, people are increasingly resorting to the services of a notary in cases where they consider their life situation to be legally important.
- They want guarantees?
Exactly. Guarantees. The level of legal literacy and culture, alas, is not so high, and the number of violations and crimes in the sphere of civil circulation, unfortunately, is growing. Therefore, people, to be sure, turn to us. To prevent risks and reduce them.
- It turns out that a notary is a “medicine against fear”?
To some extent - yes (smiles). Citizens will be calmer if they turn to us more often in important situations.
If we return to the level of workload on notaries, then this year will be in many ways indicative in this regard. As long as everything is acceptable.
In 2016, notaries of the Chelyabinsk region performed almost one and a half million notarial acts.
- How many notaries do we have in the region?
168. The number of our colleagues is stable because it is determined by the requirements of the law.
- That is, each of them accounts for approximately ...
On average, about eight and a half thousand notarial acts per year. But it must be borne in mind that most of these actions are quite simple, for example, the same notarized copies. In addition, many notaries have assistants who are endowed with the status and the right to perform, in the absence of a notary, his duties in a certain part of the actions.
Of course, we are talking not only about notarized copies. When they bring a contract for the purchase / sale of real estate or a share in the authorized capital, this is a completely different level of complexity, responsibility, and the number of procedures necessary to complete a notarial act. It takes not a few minutes, like a copy, and sometimes more than one day.
I must say that the percentage of complex, high-quality actions in the total number of actions has recently been growing. Changes in the legislation also affected here (in particular, it is now mandatory to notarize transactions with real estate, if it is in shared ownership), and, I repeat, the desire of people to protect themselves.
If we talk about high-quality, complex notarial actions, what do you have to deal with most often? Is it just real estate?
Not only. There are many cases when it is necessary to notarize the consent of parents for the departure of children abroad. Crisis is crisis, but still people try to go abroad with their kids.
There were a few fewer executions of powers of attorney to drive a vehicle, but the number of issued powers of attorney to represent the interests of citizens in courts increased. Apparently, people are increasingly trying to resolve their disputes not directly, but in the courts.
You mention changes in legislation as one of the factors directly affecting the work of notaries. Tell me, how has the profession itself changed in recent years?
It has changed, and quite significantly. Time makes more and more demands on us.
Firstly, dynamically occurring changes in legislation require us to be, as they say, “in good shape” all the time: to track changes without missing anything.
Secondly, new information technologies have an increasing influence on our work.
Three years ago, the concept changed and the Unified Information System of the Notaries of Russia (EIS), which was created at the expense of the Federal Notary Chamber, began to actively develop. On the one hand, it makes our professional life much easier, but on the other hand, you need to be able to use it and have sufficient technical equipment for a notary office. In addition, notaries, as you know, are included in a number of other special federal information systems and resources, such as Rosreestr and the tax service, including a special right of access to them to perform notarial acts. And the information is always supported by a qualified electronic signature. Which also means a certain level of requirements for the skills of notaries and their technical equipment.
But most importantly, it is very convenient for citizens. No need to go to the structures, get certificates and extracts, and even for a fee. We do this within the framework of notarial actions, and free of charge.
Of course, all this has raised the requirements for our profession, for professional training. By the way, the law provides for the obligatory passage of professional advanced training courses every four years by a notary. I can’t even remember offhand which of our colleagues in the legal community has a legislative requirement for constant professional retraining.
- When did you take such courses?
Last year.
- Did you learn a lot of new things?
- (smiling) The courses were really useful, although I can't say that there were some completely unexpected things either. Still, I myself am a practicing notary, and I constantly study the current legislation and special literature. But when some of the best lawyers in the country come to teach you courses, experts at the level of the head of the civil law department of Moscow State University Evgeny Sukhanov or Vasily Vitryansky - in the recent past, deputy chairman of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, then listening to them is very, very useful.
In addition, since last year, the notary's code of professional ethics, approved by the Federal Notary Chamber, has been in force, which each of our colleagues must comply with in their work. And responsibility, and professional qualities, and even partly behavior in everyday life - all aspects of our work are spelled out in great detail in it. And the requirements there are even higher than the legislation imposes. This is good both for ourselves and for citizens who turn to notaries.
In the view of the layman, the activities of notaries are quite ordinary and even routine. But surely in your practice or with colleagues there were not quite ordinary situations.
You know, despite the apparent similarity and similarity, almost every notarial action is still individual, and sometimes requires a fairly creative approach.
Personally, in my notarial practice, there were cases related to the sale of an aircraft (albeit a small, sports one), and with a contract for the sale of a very expensive stone - alexandrite, to confirm the authenticity of which even a special examination was carried out in the laboratory of Moscow State University.
Sometimes there are situations related to the sale of works of art. Not so long ago, they sold the work of a well-known Chelyabinsk artist, whose works are valued so highly that they require notarization of transactions with them.
By the way, this is a very sound approach. It is possible that in the future the price of paintings will increase, and significantly. I won't be surprised by this (smiles). And it is much easier to confirm your ownership with a notary document. It's just not that common in our country yet. And, say, in Europe, the execution of such transactions by a notary is a common, almost mandatory practice. In addition, now there are frequent cases of fakes, or that the picture may be stolen, or heirs will appear if the artist has already left us. Connecting a notary to a transaction is both a way to seriously reduce risks and a means of preventing their occurrence.
Notariat is a preventive, precautionary justice. We prevent possible conflicts and disputes. In addition, not so long ago, both the civil procedure and the arbitration procedure codes were amended, which recognize a notarized act as evidence with increased legal force.
- It's fine. But no one is immune from mistakes. including notaries...
Right. But just the actions of notaries are insured, and very seriously. The legislation defines four levels of protection. Firstly, the insurance of the notary itself. In the Chelyabinsk region there are those whose activities are insured for tens of millions of rubles. If it is not enough, the collective insurance of the regional notarial chamber is connected - this is already hundreds of millions of rubles. Next, the compensation fund of the Federal Notary Chamber is connected, which receives contributions from all notaries in the country. There the amounts are even greater. That is, the entire community is responsible for the actions of each member of the profession. Finally, according to the law, the notary is responsible for his actions with all his property.
But you know what - I've been working in a notary's office for almost a quarter of a century, and notaries' mistakes are isolated cases. Most of our colleagues have never made such mistakes and never make them.
- How difficult is it to become a notary?
Up to a certain level - quite simply. Notaries are not a closed corporation. Stages of professional growth are prescribed in the legislation. First, you need a legal education. Secondly, you need to complete an internship, pass an exam. Then pass the exam for a license for the right to engage in notarial activities. And then - to participate in competitions, if a notary vacancy is announced.
- How high is the staff turnover in your community?
Over the past ten years, as far as I remember, there have been about 25 competitions for filling the position of a notary. With the total number of notaries in the region, I repeat, 168 people. But the situation is changing - there is a change of generations. The first notaries in modern Russia appeared about a quarter of a century ago. Then we were on average about 35–40 years old, and some of our colleagues are already at the age when you start thinking about a well-deserved rest...
- Is the competition high?
Tall. Usually very high. More than 20 people for each position.
- Do you have something there - smeared with honey?
I don't know about honey, but our profession as a whole does provide an acceptable standard of living. But the requirements are high: the work is not easy, requiring accuracy, attentiveness, meticulousness, scrupulousness, pedantry, ability to organize business, office work. And most importantly - a heightened sense of responsibility. Responsibility is the main thing in our work.
Perfectionism is understood as the desire of an individual to perform any activity with the highest quality. Perfectionism makes a person constantly doubt their own strengths and capabilities. A perfectionist is usually afraid of new activities, because he is not sure that he will be able to do them flawlessly the first time. He makes too high demands on himself and therefore it is difficult for him to achieve a state of satisfaction with himself and his activities. Such a person, as if on purpose, sets himself a high bar and, having been defeated, discovers his own helplessness.
The reasons for the formation of perfectionism are quite understandable. If too high demands are placed on a child in childhood, he himself begins to perceive himself from the position of being useful. When others expect incredible success from us, as adults, we will scold ourselves at the first failure. The destructive effect of perfectionism lies in the fact that, having not learned to cope with difficulties in time, a person gives in to such insignificant circumstances that could easily be bypassed if this experience were acquired.
Manifestations of perfectionism
There are significant signs of perfectionism that allow you to identify it at an early stage. If you notice the following manifestations in your child, then they can be easily prevented. As an adult, it becomes much more difficult to deal with perfectionism.
Striving for the ideal
The desire to do everything for five with a plus comes from childhood. When parents constantly demand unquestioning obedience from their beloved child, so that he studies better than his classmates, load him with all kinds of circles and sections, perfectionism develops very quickly. The child very soon begins to understand that the parent is pleased with his success and tries not to disappoint him. At the same time, a little boy or girl may not realize why exactly he needs all these achievements. The pursuit of an elusive ideal becomes an end, not a means. The kid is not yet able to understand what replaces his own successes with the expectations of his parents. As an adult, such a person will strive with all his might to meet the expectations of the boss, unquestioningly fulfill all the requirements. Any social attitudes and requirements can serve as an ideal. Many, unfortunately, never realize that ideals are imaginary and devastate the soul.
Failure undermines self-confidence
For a perfectionist, it is extremely important to do everything right. For him, the assessment of society is of great importance. Social approval forces him to make significant efforts, to step over his own desires and needs. The slightest failure can unsettle, makes you doubt yourself. Surprisingly, having achieved success, such a person continues to expect approval from society. If this does not happen, she becomes discouraged and doubts her abilities.
High demands on yourself
If for most people achievement is a desirable goal, then for a perfectionist it is devastating. The more he achieves, the higher demands he makes on himself in the future. Perfectionism makes it impossible to stop and realize that what you want is already in your hands. Such people do not know how to rejoice in their victories, but pay attention only to failures and defeats. The high demands of a perfectionist are sometimes so far from reality that they seem unattainable and impossible. If a perfectionist fails to achieve something the first time, he is disappointed in himself.
How to get rid of perfectionism
Perfectionism can destroy a person from the inside, for this reason it definitely needs to be corrected. Many people would like to get rid of their own habit of doing everything right, but do not know where to start. The following tips will help you understand yourself and defeat perfectionism.
Recognition of one's imperfections
Most people are calm about their own shortcomings, taking them for granted. However, a perfectionist is willing to spend an enormous amount of time and effort to avoid their development. He believes that he has some flaws that should be hidden from society. Such people do not realize that others also have shortcomings, and blame only themselves for everything. If you want to get rid of perfectionism, admit that you are not perfect. There is nothing terrible or reprehensible in this. The sooner you take off the mask of the right person, the sooner you will part with the excellent student syndrome.
Working with self-esteem
Perfectionism undermines self-confidence, deprives a person of moral strength and the desire to act with enthusiasm. One gets the impression that a person shackles himself in advance with limiting chains that prevent him from moving and enjoying life. Understand that you are not obliged to follow other people's attitudes, to justify the expectations of others. You have your own aspirations, desires and possibilities. Living a free life is possible only when you are completely free from the influence of the past. The ability to appreciate one's personality is a valuable and necessary quality. Learn from the past, but don't dwell on failures. No need to endlessly blame yourself for something that happened a long time ago. It is necessary to learn to enjoy life at any stage and under different circumstances.
Working with self-criticism
To get rid of perfectionism, You have to get over the habit of beating yourself up all the time. Overly self-critical people cannot go a day without discovering at least the slightest flaw in themselves. Stop looking for endless flaws in yourself. Just understand that perfect people do not exist in the world. If you work with self-criticism day by day, the desire to criticize yourself will gradually disappear. Such inner work is necessary in order to learn to appreciate your true achievements. When something does not work out or it does not happen as quickly as you would like, learn not to lose heart, not to get upset in vain. Otherwise, it will be much more difficult to defeat self-criticism. Sometimes the inner voice is so strong that it drowns out reasonable arguments.
Vision of strengths
It is difficult for a perfectionist to realize that he deserves more than he currently has. Seeing your strengths helps you realize that you are truly unique and unrepeatable. For a person who tends to dwell on failure, it is extremely important to learn to truly appreciate yourself. Awareness of one's own abilities and talents contributes to the comprehensive development of the individual. The more achievements we have, the more we can be proud of ourselves.
Thus, perfectionism is a personality trait that must be worked on. Otherwise, a person will not be able to fully live and make responsible decisions. Having become freer from the attitudes and demands of society, we discover additional opportunities that we did not notice before.
Explanatory note.
A rapidly changing life makes ever higher demands on a person, on his ability to change and act in new conditions. The education development strategy for 2010-2015 puts before us, teachers, the task of introducing modern educational standards and technologies. And this assumes:
Transition to educational standards of a new generation;
Development and testing of innovative learning technologies;
Creation of experimental educational platforms.
Exceeding the state standard.
This program implies not only the development of children's imagination, but also the formation of the ability to think systematically, with an understanding of ongoing processes, the education in children of the qualities of a creative person who is able to understand the unity and contradiction of the surrounding world,
formation of skills of creative work, including the following components:
Developed imagination in its two main forms: as the generation of an idea and as the emergence of a plan for its implementation. The development of imagination and perception form the child's ability to analyze objects according to such features as color, shape, size;
Originality of thinking - independence, unusualness, witty solutions (in relation to traditional methods of solution);
development of artistic and creative abilities of pupils through visual activity, which includes the use of non-traditional drawing techniques, a variety of materials, methods and techniques of RTV
By the end of the 3rd year of life, the child learns the basic concepts of color, size, shape; learns to compare real objects with their image in the picture, considers landscapes.
It is easier for a small child to express his impressions with the help of art. He conveys images of objects using colored paper, paints. These materials should always be with the child at hand. But this is not enough. It is necessary to develop the creative abilities of the baby, to learn how to cut out of colored paper, to introduce a variety of drawing techniques.
At first, the child is interested in the drawing process itself, but gradually he begins to be interested in the quality of the drawing. He strives to depict the object as naturally as possible, and after class to admire it, tell what color he chose and why, what this object can do, what kind of drawing he got.
This program offers abstracts of exciting lessons in drawing with colored pencils, gouache in traditional and non-traditional ways. These activities contribute to the development of emotional responsiveness and the development of a sense of beauty; development of imagination, independence, perseverance, accuracy and diligence, the ability to bring work to the end; the formation of visual skills and abilities.
Lessons are organized thematically:
One theme unites all classes during the week. A drawing lesson with children aged 3-4 is held once a week and lasts 15 minutes. The program includes 36 lessons designed for the academic year. (from September 1 to May 31).
Classes are built according to the following plan:
Creating a game situation to attract the attention of children and develop emotional responsiveness (riddles, songs, nursery rhymes, a fairy-tale character in need of help, dramatization games, an outdoor game);
Image of an object (examining and feeling the object, showing image techniques;
Refinement of the drawing with additional elements;
Consideration of finished works (they are given only a positive assessment, children should be happy with the result and learn to evaluate their work).
Estimated skills and abilities of children by the age of 4
| Traditional Methods | Non-traditional methods |
| Interested in drawing and appliqué | Have a strong interest in art |
| Draw with gouache, felt-tip pens, colored pencils | They know and name the materials that can be drawn, know how to use them (gouache, felt-tip pens, markers, colored pencils, wax crayons, candles, watercolor) |
| Know and name the primary colors, choose them correctly | Know the basic colors and their shades, use them widely |
| Rhythmically apply strokes, spots | Decorate the product in various ways |
| Draw with lines and strokes simple objects (road, falling leaves), draw objects consisting of a combination of lines (herringbone, fence) | They create an image of a separate object of a rounded, rectangular, triangular shape and objects consisting of several parts (traffic light, snowman) |
| Drawing with gouache, felt-tip pens and colored pencils, brush on paper | They are familiar with and use non-traditional drawing techniques (finger, palm, foam swab, seals, wet, monotype, drawing on paper of various textures, sizes and colors ...) |
| Depict objects consisting of 2 parts (house, flag) | They create the simplest composition from several objects (a plate of fruit, flying planes) |
| Make up patterns on a strip, square, circle, alternating in shape, size | They make patterns on a strip, square, circle, alternating in shape, size. Decorate the product using different color shades |
By the end of the year, the child will be able to:
Has a developed interest in drawing with different materials and methods;
knows and names materials that can be drawn, knows how to use them;
knows and names colors and knows how to choose them correctly;
conveys the difference in objects in size;
rhythmically applies strokes, spots;
decorates the product in various ways;
draws simple objects with lines and strokes (road, falling leaves);
draws objects consisting of a combination of lines (herringbone, fence);
creates an image of a separate object of a rounded, rectangular and triangular shape and objects consisting of several parts (traffic light, flag, bun);
creates plots that are simple in composition and content (a forest, a hedgehog runs along a path);
familiar with non-traditional drawing techniques: fingers, palm, foam swab, seals;
creates the simplest composition (a plate of fruit, flying planes);
makes patterns on a strip, square, circle, alternating them in color, shape, size);
decorates the product using felt-tip pens, pencils.
Beginning / middle / end of the year
-clearly expressed insufficiently expressed not expressed
high medium low
levels
Evaluation of children's work according to the criterion of "creativity" (analysis of the activity process) is not quantitative, but qualitative and is given in a descriptive form: children are given an album sheet with three circles of the same size drawn on it. Children are invited to finish them to make some object and color it to make it beautiful. The diagnostic task should stimulate the creative abilities of children, give them the opportunity to comprehend, modify and transform the existing experience. The task is evaluated as follows: the number of circles, designed by the child in images, is the score.
Forward planning.
| Month | A week | Topic of the lesson |
| September | 1 | Diagnostics |
| 2 | Rain, rain, water, there will be, there will be a harvest! |
|
| 3 | Apples and apples |
|
| 4 | Birds peck berries |
|
| October | 1 | Funny fly agaric |
| 2 | Falling leaves in our garden |
|
| 3 | Doll dress |
|
| 4 | Decorate a Tatar skullcap |
|
| November | 1 | Lived with grandma... |
| 2 | Feed the birds in winter |
|
| 3 | Kitty |
|
| 4 | Bunny |
|
| December | 1 | my favorite cup |
| 2 | Little Christmas tree is cold in winter |
|
| 3 | Decorate the mitten |
|
| 4 | Christmas toys in a box |
|
| January | 1 | holidays |
| 2 | More magical pictures |
|
| 3 | coniferous forest |
|
| 4 | Apron for doll |
|
| February | 1 | Snowflakes |
| 2 | stolen sun |
|
| 3 | Checkbox |
|
| 4 | Pyramid |
|
| March | 1 | Tulip |
| 2 | icicles |
|
| 3 | Kolobok |
|
| 4 | Gifts for Alsou |
|
| April | 1 | Rocket |
| 2 | My house |
|
| 3 | I'm going, I'm going home in a truck |
|
| 4 | small fence |
|
| May | 1 | Balloons |
| 2 | Rybka |
|
| 3 | My flower |
|
| 4 | summer sky |
|
Appendix.
Sample lesson plans
September
Subject: "Rain, rain, water, there will be, there will be a harvest!"
Develop a sense of rhythm, speech, pronouncing "drip-drip-drip",
Cultivate accuracy in work.
Methods and techniques: the musical game "Sun and rain", the game "Good-bad", drawing with a brush in the "air", the use of an artistic word - nursery rhymes
Equipment: blue gouache, brushes, sheets of paper with umbrellas pasted on them.
Lesson progress: Guys, look out the window, what's the weather like outside? Is it raining or is there sunshine? When is the sun good? Yes, you can go for a walk, play in the sandbox. When is rain good? No, you can get wet, get your feet wet. Rain is good, you can put on boots, walk through the puddles under an umbrella. Let's draw rain. Take the brushes with three fingers, where the brush has an iron shirt and draw rain in the air - drip-drip-drip. This is how we will draw!
Rain, rain, drip-drip-drip,
Wet tracks!
We can't go for a walk
We'll get our feet wet!
Rain must be drawn all over the sheet, it goes everywhere - everywhere.
At the end, the game "Sun and Rain" is played:
The sun looks out the window, shines into our room.
We clap our hands - we are very happy for the sun!
Subject:"Apples and Apples"
Learn to draw apples of different sizes, scattered on a plate, using the contrast of size and color,
Develop a sense of composition
Cultivate interest in activities.
Methods and techniques: imprint with cork, potato prints (circles of different sizes), two hedgehogs - large and small, a surprise moment - a treat with apples
Equipment: gouache red and yellow,
potato prints of various sizes, sheets of paper in the shape of a plate.
Lesson progress: 2 hedgehogs came to visit us. What are they? Prickly, kind, different in size. Let's feed them! What do they love? I have such apples (showing potato prints) and plates of different sizes, let's treat them. It is necessary to scatter large and small apples so that they alternate - large, small. It will turn out beautifully, hedgehogs will like it.
Individual explanations, showing.
At the end of the lesson, a positive analysis of the work on behalf of the hedgehogs and treating the children with real apples.
"HR officer. Personnel management", 2008, N 8
The inconsistency of the level of development of the labor potential of graduates with the criteria of modern competitive struggle, the poor preparedness of young specialists for self-survival in the new conditions (and often the lack thereof) reduce the level of competitiveness of university graduates in the labor market.
Recently, researchers have noted changes in the requirements of employers for university graduates, which is largely due to the development of new trends in the content and structure of jobs. An employer who wants to meet new challenges seeks to provide greater flexibility in wage labor through job rotation, diversity of work operations, increased adaptability, diversity of work skills, lifelong learning, the introduction of flexible working hours, etc. According to experts, the third professional revolution is taking place, when global competition brings to the fore highly educated people of free professions. Such people are recognized to be called transprofessionals.
Dictionary of personnel management. Transprofessionals are specialists who must be prepared, through their thinking and ways of organizing activities, to work in various professional environments.
Under these conditions, the employer makes ever higher demands on the quality of the workforce, including graduates. A modern graduate should have the so-called project type of thinking, which is based not on the desire for a stable and gradual career within one organizational structure, but on an interest in a specific project and recognition among professional colleagues.
Changes in the requirements of employers occur not only in the professional and qualification sphere of labor, but also in the socio-psychological and socio-cultural planes. If the main moral and psychological qualities of an employee in the era of industrial capitalism were, first of all, discipline, knowledge of one’s place in the organizational hierarchy and technological chain, diligence, then the new imperatives focus on greater initiative and independence, the ability to work in temporary working groups (teams), high motivation to retraining.
In modern conditions, trends are emerging that are manifested in the transition: from narrow specialization and limited liability to broad professional responsibility; from a planned career to a flexible choice of the path of professional development; from the responsibility of managers for the development of personnel - to the responsibility of the employees themselves for their own development.
The extent to which the Russian employer follows the noted trends can be judged, in particular, by the results of the study "Priorities of the Modern Employer". In a ranked form, the requirements of employers for university graduates are as follows:
1) work experience (86.6%);
2) higher education (80.4%);
3) the presence of the necessary connections (70.5%);
4) knowledge and work skills (60.4%);
5) motivation for further education (57.4%).
Ideally, the hired university graduate is a specialist with some work experience and the right connections. At the time of admission, his working qualities are of secondary importance, but in the future the task of his retraining or retraining arises.
Thus, the modern Russian employer is very demanding, but his expectations are quite contradictory. He is aware of the acuteness of the personnel problem, which he is trying to solve on his own; tends to promote and retrain their own employees, and when hiring, gives preference to those with work experience and the right connections. It is no coincidence that there are mass ideas about a tough, demanding employer who is not so easy to please.
The expectations of university graduates can be judged from the analysis of the results of the study "Adaptation of young professionals in the modern labor market." Respondents tried to assess their competitive advantages, which they primarily rely on when hiring. Competitive advantages were distributed as follows:
1) a profession that is considered by respondents as promising in the modern labor market;
2) the fact of having a diploma of higher education, which is considered as a sufficient basis for, if not effective, then acceptable employment;
3) social capital or the accumulation of social ties (help from friends and relatives);
4) work experience;
5) personal qualities.
For clarity, let's compare the mutual expectations of graduates and employers in a summary table (Table 1).
Table 1
Distribution of Mutual Expectations of University Graduates
and employers in the labor market
From Table. Table 1 shows that the most demanded by the employer quality in the labor market - work experience, according to graduates, is only in fourth place. Such ideas, which fully reflect reality, if we focus on the data of the above study, on the practice of personnel services and recruiting agencies, force students to sacrifice their studies (almost completely in the last year) in order to gain some work experience. And this is the only way to meet the requirements of the employer, since other opportunities for entering the profession (practice at enterprises, firms, institutions; participation in joint projects, other forms of scientific and practical activities) are either not developed at all, or are only formally available.
The presented results fully explain the trends and strategies of behavior of young specialists - university graduates in the labor market.
Considering in detail the issue of employment of students during their studies at the university, one can identify a steady trend in the growth of employment from year to year. Thus, in 2004, 93% of graduates began working while still studying at the university, while the rest found a job in one or two months (Table 2).
table 2
Distribution of the number of respondents by search time
first job, % of the total number of respondents,
employed
|
Year |
During the period |
The period of time after graduation, during |
|||||
|
1 |
2 |
6 |
Later than |
||||
The employment strategy is implemented by 50% of graduates with the help of relatives and friends. At the same time, there is a rather noticeable group of young specialists - university graduates (mainly from among those who graduated from elite universities in certain specialties), whose representatives did not look for work, but, on the contrary, received invitations from firms. Thus, the higher the quality and prestige of education, the more chances a graduate has to get into the field of view of an employer. On the whole, neither the elite character of education nor the prestige of the profession they acquire frees graduates from the need to resort to informal connections in finding employment - an independent job search is not able to compete with it.
Studies of the youth labor market have shown that at the same time there has also been a tendency to delay entry into the labor market. About 15% of university graduates in 2005 (half a year after receiving their diplomas) did not work, preferring to "look around." The largest proportion of those who were in no hurry to go to work are among residents of Moscow and large cities. This delay, according to experts, can hardly be considered as a result of difficulties in finding employment, since many people start working while still studying, and this trend is increasing every year (Table 3).
Table 3
Employment of university graduates depending on
from the type of settlement
Thus, according to researchers of the youth labor market (Avramova E., Kulagina E., Verpakhovskaya Yu.), a new model of behavior of young specialists (university graduates) is emerging. It is distinguished by a variety of labor strategies. If some start working while they are still studying, others put off entering the labor market as much as possible. For some, adaptation within the framework of the received specialty is valuable, while others seek to change it immediately. For some who have started working, it is more important to establish themselves in the workplace, for others it is more important to immediately look for another job. Such diversity, according to experts, should be assessed positively and considered as a consequence of free choice and the absence of strict regulation. However, the diversity of strategies is combined with a number of trends.
The first is that relatively high material and status positions of young specialists - university graduates are achieved through reprofiling, their migration from sectors of the labor market with low wages to those where wages are many times higher. Research data indicate that the flow occurs from research and production sectors to the financial, economic, service, trade, and management sectors.
Another trend is related to informal relations, which play an extremely important role in the course of employment of young specialists - university graduates and their career advancement. The use of social connections in most cases is a necessary condition for employment not only in a prestigious and well-paid, but also in any job.
The results of other researchers also testify to the differentiation of strategies for the behavior of graduates in the labor market, among which the following can be distinguished:
1) start working immediately;
2) continue learning;
3) "look around" and do not work or study yet;
4) do not work, devote yourself to the family.
It is noteworthy that less than half of university graduates plan to work in their specialty (43%), 50% of graduates are optimistic about employment, the remaining 50% see the problem in the status-income discrepancy; a quarter of graduates strive to get a second higher education (25%). Social ties are also highlighted as the most relevant mechanism for employment.
Thus, summarizing the results of the conducted studies of the youth labor market, we can conclude that the modern competitive environment that has developed on it is significantly deformed and does not fully comply with the norms of a competitive market economy. However, it is precisely under such conditions that young specialists - university graduates - have to compete with each other for a vacant job.
The considered trends and strategies of behavior of young specialists - university graduates in the labor market, first of all, testify to the problem of inconsistency of university training with the requirements of the labor market. It is no coincidence that within the framework of the Bologna Process, as a recommendation, it is proposed to make a transition to practice-oriented education - to train a graduate with practical readiness to perform professional tasks. The basis of suitability for employment is the sufficiency of the acquired basic, general professional and applied knowledge and skills. The proposed model is focused on further education to expand relevant fundamental and applied knowledge in order to improve professionalism and career. The construction of this model provides for close interaction between education and employers; conducting sectoral and territorial analysis of the labor market; flexible response of educational programs to existing and future needs of the economy.
History reference. The Bologna process is a process of rapprochement and harmonization of the education systems of European countries with the aim of creating a single European higher education area. The official start date of the process is considered to be June 19, 1999, when in Bologna, at a special conference, the Ministers of Education of 29 European states adopted the declaration "European Higher Education Area", or the Bologna Declaration. Currently, the Bologna Process brings together 46 countries. Russia joined the Bologna process in September 2003 at the Berlin meeting of European ministers of education. Many Russian universities are involved in the implementation of the main directions of the Bologna Process.
Thus, in order to eliminate the existing discrepancy, two equal parties should be involved - employers (business) and the academic community, which should be properly legislated. In this regard, forms and institutions of cooperation between education and business should also be developed.
Among the effective forms of interaction between employers and universities are the following:
Preparation by the enterprise of an application to universities for specialists of a certain profile;
Internship at the enterprise (including pre-diploma);
Internships;
Job fairs, professional forums;
Lectures and master classes of business representatives in universities;
Acquaintance of representatives of universities with the production activities of the enterprise in order to further adjust existing training courses;
Participation of representatives of the business community in assessing the quality of education at the university, joining the boards of trustees of educational institutions, etc.
However, modern realities, despite the relevance of the problem, indicate the presence of barriers to effective interaction between universities and employers. Among them, one can single out the lack of mutual interest in establishing the interaction process, as well as the lack of a regulatory framework that regulates the interaction process and guarantees the protection of the employer's investment in the training of the necessary personnel.
In general, the discrepancy between the level of development of the labor potential of graduates to the criteria of modern competitive struggle, the poor preparedness of young specialists for self-survival in the new conditions (and often the lack thereof) reduce the level of competitiveness of university graduates in the labor market. At the same time, the long-term absence of a professional and personal perspective affects not only the standard of living of young people, it most directly affects their psychological state: an increase in a sense of uncertainty, uncertainty about the future, and a weakening of self-esteem.
What are they talking about...
Russian companies spend $350 million a year on the services of recruiting agencies
Finding a qualified specialist - especially in the field of finance and IT - is a real problem. But there are positions whose supply is about to exceed demand.
Natalya Sabitova, executive director of a recruiting agency: “If we talk about a sales manager, the most popular profession, it is a little different in different industries. This is necessarily the basic part of the salary. up to 50,000".
Capital recruiting is not limited to the Moscow Ring Road. Today, up to 20% of vacancies in Belokamennaya are filled by people from other cities. At the same time, agencies provide customers with a guarantee - up to six months of work. If during this time the applicant and the employer want to leave, the agency makes an equivalent replacement. In rare cases, recruiters pay a penalty - up to 50% of their fee, the amount of which can vary significantly.
Alexander Veterkov, head of the employment department of a vacancy publication: "The amount may vary from the salary level of a potential candidate. From 2 months to half a year's salary. When a top manager with a decent salary is looking for, this amount can be 2 - 3 of his monthly salary ".
The future belongs to temporary forms of employment, experts say. Leasing - an employee for rent, outsourcing - hiring an external contractor and outstaffing - out-of-staff personnel - all this can significantly increase the efficiency of personnel costs. Meanwhile, in the last 3 years, the turnover of the recruiting market has more than doubled. And this is clearly not the limit, experts are sure.
Literature
1. Avramova E., Kulagina E., Verpakhovskaya Yu. Behavior of young professionals in the labor market: new trends // Chelovek i trud. - 2007. - N 9. - S. 41 - 47.
2. Artyushina I. A communication tool between universities and the labor market // Sociological research. - 2006. - N 4. - S. 28 - 32.
3. Zhigadlo A., Puzikov V. The quality of training and employment of young specialists: a sociological aspect // Higher education in Russia. - 2007. - N 10. - S. 108 - 112.
4. Savenkova T.I. Competition of universities and competitiveness of specialists as a vector of movement of education on the way to progress // Audit and financial analysis. - 2007. - N 1. - S. 407 - 414.
5. Chistyakov A.V., Tkacheva O.A. Ensuring the competitiveness of university graduates // Problems of the modern economy. - 2007. - N 3/4 (15, 16). - S. 46 - 51.
Yu.Dmitrieva
Kazan
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