History reference

The creation of a militia in air transport was dictated by the need to combat the sharply increased crime on airlines. In the early 1970s, a wave of a new type of crime swept the world - air terrorism. Civil aircraft and air transport facilities have increasingly become the target of criminal activity. Many people remember the tragic incident at the Sukhumi airport, when the terrorists who hijacked the aircraft killed the flight attendant Nadezhda Kurchenko. After this emergency, the Government of the country decided to create air police units.

October 26, 1971 is considered to be the date of formation of the Directorate, when the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR signed Order No. 0673 “On Approval of the Structure and Staff of the Moscow Police Directorate and the Investigation Department of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs for Air Transport”.

A specific subdivision for the protection of public order and the fight against crime at airports, escort of civil aviation aircraft, and the creation of effective passport control carried out operational maintenance of the airports of the Moscow air hub and civil aviation facilities located in 16 central regions of the Russian Federation. Police officers who accompanied passenger flights flew to 21 cities of the USSR. In April 1975, in order to improve flight safety, prevent and suppress encroachments of criminal elements on the life and health of passengers and crew members, measures were taken to streamline the organization of screening of hand luggage, luggage and passengers at airports, for which purpose, as part of the criminal investigation apparatus, special inspection units.

In 1980, on the eve of the Moscow Olympics, river police department, serving the waters of the Moscow River within the capital. In 1991, the name of the Moscow Department of Internal Affairs for air transport was added "... and in water transport." The purpose of this decision is clear - to strengthen control and exclude the possibility of terrorist acts, to ensure the protection of especially important hydraulic structures of the capital, to strengthen the fight against criminal manifestations at water transport facilities along the Moscow River. On the main waterways of the central region of Russia, where there are 10 river ports, 49 marinas and moorings, 11 locks, 5 dams and 5 hydroelectric power plants, related to the life support facilities of Moscow, law enforcement officers carry out their difficult service round the clock line management of internal affairs on river transport.

In 1991 organized first line department of internal affairs, including the traffic police department, at Sheremetyevo International Airport - the largest air terminal complex in Russia. In the future, air police units were created in almost all major airports in the country.

In 1991, in the structure of the Moscow Department of Internal Affairs for air and water transport, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia was created a separate police company for special purposes. The personnel of the unit were entrusted with a difficult but honorable task of protecting the life and dignity of passengers, combating terrorism and crime at air and water transport facilities. In 1993 was created special police unit Moscow Department of Internal Affairs for weapons and military equipment, the backbone of which was made up of company employees. The fighters of the detachment proved their professional skills and combat readiness in practice in the October events of 1993, guarding the ITAR-TASS building, where they disarmed about twenty militants who had come from Pridnestrovie. Having coped with the task with honor, they did not allow the capture of personnel and the destruction of the news agency.

The OMON Department was one of the first to be sent to the combat zone to perform official tasks. And again, the personnel demonstrated a high level of training. For courage and heroism shown in the performance of special tasks, more than a third of them were awarded orders and medals. Unfortunately, the Office has suffered losses. While on duty, the following were killed: a policeman-fighter of the OMON I.S. Romanov; junior inspector of the inspection department of the Department of Internal Affairs at the Domodedovo airport M. N. Volkov; policeman of a separate battalion for the protection of the Volga and Yakhroma RGS Canal named after Moscow LUVD on river transport A. P. Dubovik. The memory of the dead employees is immortalized in the Museum of Internal Affairs.

Carrying out the transportation of industrial and agricultural products, as well as passengers, transport plays an extremely important socio-economic and defense role in the state. The existing order in transport, the safety of passengers, the safety of property, and, ultimately, the efficiency of the national economic complex largely depend on the quality of transport services. He, as a source of increased public danger, is subject to special requirements.

The conditions for the exclusivity of transport, the specifics of its functioning in different conditions, the unity of management and ensuring security and public order, as well as other factors, required the creation in 1918 of the river police.

Many factors and conditions (political, economic, socio-cultural, legal, demographic, technical, technological, etc.) influence the specifics of the activities of internal affairs bodies in transport (OVDT). A serious influence is exerted by: the specifics of the functioning of transport and the system of its management, the characteristics of operational service facilities, their geographical and other location, length; migration and population density in transport junction areas; proximity to large industrial and economic centers; the level, state and dynamics of offenses and crimes, and much more.

Since March 2004, OVDT have served the facilities of the Federal agencies of air, rail, sea and river transport of the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Russian Federation. Up to this point, these modes of transport were independent.

The general tasks, duties and rights of the police, which are detailed in relation to the specific conditions of their activities, apply to the ATS in maritime and river transport, similarly to the internal affairs bodies in rail and air transport. In particular, this is the protection of fish stocks and the fight against poaching on the water; protection of hydraulic structures.

OVDT implement their tasks by analyzing and assessing the operational situation, prepare and make management decisions, issue reviews and orientations, develop methodological recommendations and other provisions for improving the activities of bodies, units and police units.

For the territories of operational maintenance of the ATS on river transport, their mismatch with the administrative-territorial division, the passage of borders across the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation and many local governments is characteristic. Therefore, unlike the territorial police departments, the internal affairs bodies in transport are not directly subordinate to the respective heads of administrations (mayors, prefects) in the field; The public security militia, financed from the federal budget, includes subdivisions of the police patrol service and subdivisions for juvenile affairs of internal affairs bodies in railway, water and air transport. The transport police are provided with office space, equipment, means of communication, information necessary for the fight against crime free of charge by the relevant transport authorities. At the same time, the heads of the territorial police departments are senior operational chiefs in relation to the corresponding heads of the transport police departments. The latter are members of the collegiums of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Central Internal Affairs Directorate, and the Internal Affairs Directorate of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Sea and river transport service facilities have their own differences. So, as a general rule, the objects of service of the OVDT in maritime transport include:

seaports (within the boundaries of protected areas intended for the processing of ships and cargoes), carrying out passenger and cargo transportation, all enterprises located on their territory, establishing

denia, organizations, as well as the shipping part of seaports;

stations and berths for servicing cargo and passenger ships within the limits of land allotments;

hydraulic structures with land allotments and means of navigation within the navigable part of seaports;

vessels and other floating facilities, regardless of the ports of registry, located at the berths and water areas of ports (within the boundaries of the most remote hydraulic structures of the closed part of seaports), stations and other hydraulic structures, standing on the roadsteads of the water area of ​​sea ports;

places of storage and processing of goods in the territory of ports, stations, berths, regardless of departmental affiliation and form of ownership.

For individual ATCs, for example, the scope of operational services for the Azovo-Chernomorsky ATC (according to the Charter), its subordinate bodies and divisions includes in all areas of operational and service activities:

- the territories of the seaports of Anapa, Gelendzhik, Yeisk, Kavkaz, Novorossiysk, Sochi, Taganrog, Temryuk, Tuapse, port points and marinas within the boundaries established by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

- the water areas of the said ports and port points (waters of seaports, including canals, internal and external roadsteads, shipping routes on the approaches to ports, which are part of the waters of the state and assigned to seaports), hydraulic structures of ports (berths and fences);

- enterprises, institutions and organizations, regardless of departmental affiliation and form of ownership, and their facilities located on the territory of the named ports;

- Russian ships and port watercraft, regardless of their departmental affiliation, located at the berths, in the port waters, as well as in the area of ​​activity and responsibility of the maritime administrations of the ports of Novorossiysk, Taganrog, Temryuk and Tuapse.

In river transport, these are: river ports, moorings and piers within the limits of land allotments, except for recreation centers and boat stations; the territory of locks and other hydraulic structures protected by the OVDT; points of specialized sludge and repair of ships, shipbuilding and ship repair plants protected by the OVDT; the main ship passage of the water area of ​​rivers and canals (water space on the inland waterway, intended for the movement of ships and indicated on the ground (map), - in relation to other ship passages in this area, it is the main one), excluding lateral tributaries on the main fairway; vessels and other watercraft intended for the carriage of passengers and cargo, except for small ones (with engine power up to 75 hp or rowing vessels, regardless of their size); floating navigation signs.

The length and volume of objects of operational maintenance of the ATS can be seen on the example of the Moscow ATC for air and water transport. Thus, the Linear Directorate of Internal Affairs on river transport performs the tasks of ensuring the protection of public order and public safety, as well as the fight against crime at river transport facilities of all forms of ownership located in the service area and in the waters of the rivers: Moscow, Oka, Volga, Canal im. . Moscow.

The service section passes through the territory of Moscow, Moscow, Tver, Ryazan, Tula and Kaluga regions and has a total length of waterways of more than 1,400 km: the rivers Moscow (237 km), Oka (750 km), Volga (290 km), . Moscow (128 km - ten locks, five dams with 4 hydroelectric power plants, emergency gates ).

In the operational service area of ​​the Moscow LUVD on river transport (RT) are: 18 large objects with different forms of ownership; 10 river ports; 1000 units of passenger and cargo fleet; 49 marinas and moorings; 3 river stations; located 300 commercial organizations interacting with river transport enterprises; employed in the main production area of ​​river transport - 8000 pers., in the auxiliary - 2300 people

The protection of public order in the service area of ​​the LUVD in the Republic of Tatarstan is provided by: the apparatus of the Line Administration with three subordinate linear police stations; 4 linear departments of internal affairs in river ports with 7 linear police stations subordinate to them; two separate battalions for the protection of hydraulic structures.

The structure of crime in the service area is mainly dominated by: violations of the rules of fishing ~ 30%; theft ~ 20%; appropriations ~ 10%. Art. Art. 158, 160, 228, 256 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Among the administrative offenses are violations under Articles 20.1, 20.20, 20.21, 18.1, 19.15 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

In the sphere of economy, in the line of combating organized crime and crimes related to drug trafficking, registration and their investigation are carried out on other grounds.

The kuger companies that hire seafarers on foreign ships, if they are located outside the territory of seaports, are not objects of operational service of the ATS on water transport (VT); islands located in water areas of ports, rivers and coastal waters; embankments in settlements and cultural and amenity premises located on them; beaches; coastal signs of ship situation; floating recreation facilities; landing stages; small boats; residential buildings, regardless of their location.

§ 2. The system and structure of the internal affairs bodies
in water transport

Of interest is the Azov-Black Sea Department of Internal Affairs for Transport of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which was created in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the basis of an order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

The activities of this state institution are regulated by the Charter, which establishes the legal status, organization and procedure for its activities. In its organizational and legal form, it is a non-profit organization, a state institution created to exercise state administration within its powers in the field of ensuring the protection of life, health, rights and freedoms of citizens, property, the interests of society and the state from criminal encroachments.

It heads the system of internal affairs bodies in maritime transport on the coast of the Azov and Black Seas, which includes: linear departments and departments of internal affairs; other divisions, enterprises, institutions and organizations created in the prescribed manner to carry out the tasks facing the internal affairs bodies; the states and regulations on structural and subordinate units, enterprises, institutions and organizations are developed on the basis of the norms and staffing limits, exemplary models established by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and are approved by the head of the Institution. To achieve the goals and objectives, this institution carries out 29 types of activities.

§ 3. Features of the organization of the protection of public order
at water transport facilities

The large length of the OVDT service areas causes the dispersal of forces and means for maintaining public order and ensuring transport security. The remoteness of the service orders from each other, services and units of public order makes it difficult to manage them and provide assistance.

The constant turnover of persons using transport, their residence outside the operational service areas of the OVDT requires a quick response, urgent identification and communication with witnesses and other eyewitnesses, immediate measures to detain offenders who, using transport, can quickly hide and never appear in these places . In such cases, decisions are made, as a rule, in very difficult situations in the absence of complete and reliable information. Homeless persons and minors visit transport facilities, usually for the purpose of "travelling" and for committing offenses. These and other circumstances are taken into account when organizing the protection of public order and ensuring public safety in water transport, which in the field of passenger transportation is somewhat similar to rail transport and is ensured by:

setting up police squads in the buildings of sea and river stations, on marinas and other objects of water transport transportation;

escort by police units of ships;

strengthening security on the outskirts of large settlements due to barriers and other operational-maneuverable groups.

In water transport, passengers are transported by sea and river vessels of various speeds and capacities. As practice shows, in the summer on water transport, the problem of organizing the fight against crime and protecting public order on pleasure craft of suburban lines comes to the fore. The organization of the work of special combatant units to escort such ships through their expedient use, differentiated deployment and operational management contributes to the high efficiency of the work of squads at large transport hubs. Why in each OVDT, the situation is carefully and comprehensively analyzed, where and in what places violations of public order are most often allowed. Then, taking into account the schedule of ships and the flow of passengers in each direction of the suburban area, options for escort routes are developed, they are assigned permanent numbers, which allows you to quickly respond to changes in the operational situation. One copy of the route card is issued to the senior police officer, the second is in the duty unit to organize work, and the third is kept in the public order department to monitor the work of the units and the duty unit.

The method of area-shuttle escort of ships is often used, which ensures the maximum involvement of employees of the services of these bodies and their periodic concentration in certain areas - zones that can be served by several OVDT and provide practical assistance to the OMON and the patrol service of the OVDT. The sequence of maintenance of the zone is determined by the corresponding work schedule.

The need for the rational use of forces and means of the OVDT and their maneuvering caused the use of such a form of public order protection during peak hours of passenger transportation, on weekends and holidays, in places of mass festivities of citizens, as the work of "landing groups", which include transport workers , members of the voluntary people's squad and security services of the enterprise.

The tactics of the work of ship escort squads differ significantly from serving at stations and marinas, since it requires skills and work skills, as well as ensuring personal safety along the route of the ship, without the help of other police squads. Such an outfit should be able to identify offenses and draw up materials on an administrative offense (take correct explanations, draw up a report, identify and provide facts with evidence, witnesses, victims); take measures to preserve traces, and, if necessary, to seize things and objects on which they are found; determine the threats to security in transport associated with the carriage of flammable, flammable, poisonous, explosive and poisonous substances, objects and materials in hand luggage. Therefore, ship escort squads are assigned to their most experienced police officers (if necessary, criminal police officers) consisting of at least 2 people. As with the escort of trains and aircraft, they have schedules and route cards, indicating the features of the protection of the object.

After receiving service weapons and special equipment, travel (travel) and other official documents, briefing, the crew, upon arrival on the ship, establishes contact with its captain, finds out the situation and determines the procedure for its work on the berth when boarding passengers and during the departure of the ship. In the future, the work of the order is built in such a way that the escorted vessel at the stops and during departure is under constant supervision. In addition, the squad should select citizens from among the passengers who can and are able to assist him in the event of a complication of the operational situation. Moreover, the prevention of drunkenness, hooliganism and other offenses is impossible without close communication and reliance on the public, voluntary people's squads and other formations.

The search for persons hiding from the court and the investigation, who have escaped, and also after the commission of a crime, is much more complicated if it is not known from which ship and when the offender got off (sat down). At the same time, a long time passes until the moment when the OVDT becomes aware of the crime and the search for criminals begins. Therefore, ship escorts must have the ability to detect offenses and be able to work according to the signs of criminals.

Frequent crimes on ships are the taking of property, money, and other valuables of passengers, for which criminals make friends, choose the time for passengers to sleep, or when the latter leave them unattended. Criminals often look at passengers on deck, in a buffet, restaurant, communicate and make acquaintances with transport workers and, at a convenient place and time, commit crimes, especially at the time of crowding during boarding and disembarking.

On the way, the squad examines the places of possible shelter of offenders (toilets, holds, etc.), establishes contact with the deck crew and other personnel of the ship and explains to them the tasks of maintaining public order, and, if necessary, of monitoring individuals who are suspicious with their behaviour. The outfit moves in such a way as to be able to maintain public order, prevent and suppress offenses. At stops, he interacts with transport workers and employees of territorial police departments.

The effectiveness of the escort squad is ensured by timely, legal, courageous and decisive actions that exclude the possibility of resistance by the criminal, concealment or destruction of objects and other material evidence. After such actions, the squad, together with the detainee, witnesses (if possible) and seized evidence, arrives at the nearest police department, if this is not possible, then at the territorial police department with an immediate report about this to their duty officer and head.

The escort squad can leave the vessel only in strictly defined cases: at the direction of the chief or on duty, during the suppression of crimes at the piers, in the pursuit of hiding criminals, in assisting other police officers, in protecting the life and health of citizens, in case of identified security threats in order to warnings (liquidation), according to the schedule of service and escort of the ship, etc.

Often there are special tasks of the vessel escort squad (travel of special categories of citizens and government officials, escort of cargo, luggage, etc.), in which it is forbidden to leave the ship until it arrives or is replaced by another outfit. In such cases, the work schedule of the order, the route of its escort, the composition of the order and other conditions may change.

In the event of epidemics or epizootics, escort squads perform the functions of assisting the sanitary and epidemiological supervision authorities, veterinary and other inspections in carrying out measures to ensure the quarantine regime in certain areas and sections of transport.

When carrying out civil defense and emergency situations, the squad performs special functions of alerting personnel on various signals.

The employees of the detachment, being at considerable distances from the place of deployment of the OVDT, require continuous monitoring of their work by the duty unit and the management of the unit. They are obliged to periodically report on their location, the state of public order protection and the progress of work on escorting the vessel, the implementation of preventive and search activities, using telephone or radio communications. Following through intermediate ports and piers, where there are OVDTs, the senior officer informs the operational duty officer about the state of affairs on the escort route.

An important task today is to equip duty units of the OVDT and transport information services with means for determining telephone numbers of callers and sound recording equipment. It is advisable to equip crowded places with surveillance systems, detectors and other technical means for detecting illegally transported objects and substances, for examining luggage and hand luggage.

SECTION VII

State Safety Inspectorate
traffic

In connection with the celebration of the anniversary, a solemn event was held at the UT of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Central Federal District, in which the head of the Department, Major General of Police Viktor Shimarov, the head of the Department of Personnel and Civil Service, Lieutenant Colonel of Police Andrey Torgalo, and the head of the Line Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in Water Transport, Colonel of Police Alexei Batenin, Chairman of the Presidium of the Council of Veterans of the Directorate, retired police colonel Gennady Nikiforov, personnel and veterans of the unit.

Dear colleagues! Viktor Shimarov addressed the audience. - I congratulate you on the 95th anniversary of the formation of the water police! An important and complex mission has been entrusted to your shoulders - the protection of public order and the suppression of criminal manifestations on the waterways of the Central Federal District of Russia. And you do it with honor! I wish well-being, good health and professional growth to the employees of the linear department in water transport!

The head of the division Aleksey Batenin and the chairman of the Administration's Council of Veterans Gennady Nikiforov congratulated the personnel on the holiday. At the end of the solemn part, awarding ceremonies for employees of the Leningrad Region took place.

The history of the "rivers"

The Museum of the Department of Transport of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Central Federal District has a copy of the “Decree on the replacement of the river guard by the river police”, signed by the Council of People's Commissars, dated July 25, 1918, which served as the basis for significant transformations of law enforcement agencies in water transport. The history of the creation and development of the river police unit begins with this document.

In 1936, the Moscow River Police Department was formed.

In 1980, on the eve of the Moscow Olympics, the department of the river police entered the structure of the Internal Affairs Directorate, serving the waters of the Moscow River within the capital. In 1991, "... and in water transport" was added to the name of the Moscow Department of Internal Affairs for air transport.

In 2003, the water police unit was renamed into the Linear Directorate of Internal Affairs in Water Transport, the main tasks of which were:

Control over public order on the main waterways of the central region of Russia, hydraulic structures and life support facilities in Moscow;

Exclusion of the possibility of carrying out terrorist acts at water transport facilities;

The fight against criminal manifestations at the objects of water transport.

In 2010, three structures were merged into the Department of Transport of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Central Federal District - the Moscow Department of Internal Affairs for railway transport, the Moscow Department of Internal Affairs for air and water transport, and the South-Eastern Department of Internal Affairs for transport - and the linear management of water transport became a department.

Waterways of the Central Federal District

When organizing and carrying out law enforcement activities at water transport facilities, employees of the linear department take into account the specific conditions of service. The uniqueness of the unit and its difference from others lies in the service area. The length of inland waterways, where security and law and order are provided by the employees of the Leningrad Region, is more than 2153 km. They pass along the waters of the rivers Moscow, Oka, Volga and the Moscow Canal, through the territory of Moscow and the Moscow, Tver, Ryazan, Tula, Kaluga regions. And these are 11 river ports, 3 river stations, 2 river shipping companies, 49 marinas and moorings.

Currently, the following functions are assigned to the internal affairs bodies in water transport:

Ensuring public order during water sports events and holidays on the water;

Accident prevention and rescue of people suffering

disaster on the water;

Sanitary and preventive protection of individual closed water

pools;

Assistance to the border troops in maintaining the border regime;

Rendering assistance to fish protection authorities, subdivisions of the State Inspectorate for Small Vessels (GIMS), environmental organizations.

The efficiency and effectiveness of the service largely depends on the nature of the interaction of water police officers with the administration, various public organizations, territorial internal affairs bodies, state environmental authorities, border and customs services. In this direction, the linear department has succeeded: joint operational and preventive measures and operations are regularly carried out with various structures, such as: “Illegal migrant”, “Debtor”, “Trade”, “Teenager”, “Safety on the water”, “Alcohol” and others.

In addition, employees of the linear department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in water transport are constantly involved in ensuring public safety and law and order at events dedicated to international, state, professional and religious holidays. Water walks of schoolchildren and graduates are also not complete without the participation of transport policemen.

Magic "Mongoose"

Modern technology helps employees of the line department to successfully perform official tasks. The unit has 34 vessels on its balance sheet, including the Breeze and Silver boats, as well as the high-speed Mongoose, equipped with the latest technology.

If necessary, in a matter of minutes, bypassing the capital's traffic jams, a police boat can arrive at its destination. Yes, and the usual patrolling of the waters of the Moscow River has a magical effect on offenders: hooligans on the water simply do not risk competing with the powerful and fast Mongoose.

Olga TARASOVA