What happened in 2021. What year does the century begin

Education

When did the 21st century begin: from 2000 or from 2001?

November 14, 2017

And although the concept of "age" is introduced in history lessons at school, often not only children, but also adults get confused when it is necessary to correctly determine the beginning and end of this time period.

A bit of theory

In history, the term "century" is used to refer to a period of time lasting 100 years. To understand how to determine from what year the 21st century began, like any other, you need to know one small nuance of the generally accepted chronology. Everyone knows that the time of origin of all events is chronologically divided into two periods: BC and after. That's just what date is at the turn of these two eras, not everyone knows.

Have you ever heard of year 0? Unlikely, because 1 B.C. e. ended on December 31, and the next day came a new one, 1 year AD. e. That is, 0 years in the generally accepted chronology simply did not exist. Thus, a period of time of one century begins on January 1, 1, and ends, respectively, on December 31, 100. And only the next day, January 1 in the year 101, a new century begins.

Due to the fact that many do not know this seemingly insignificant historical feature, for quite a long time there was confusion about when and in what year the 21st century would begin. Even some TV and radio hosts called for celebrating the new year 2000 in a special way. After all, this is the beginning of a new century and a new millennium!

When did the 21st century begin?

Calculating from what year the 21st century began, given all of the above, is not at all difficult.

So, the first day of the 2nd century was January 1, 101, 3 - January 1, 201, 4 - January 1, 301, and so on. Everything is simple. Accordingly, answering in what year the 21st century began, it should be said - in 2001.

When will the 21st century end

Understanding how the chronology of time is kept, one can easily say not only from what year the 21st century began, but also when it will end.

The end of the century is determined similarly to the beginning: the last day of the 1st century was December 31, 100, December 2 - December 31, 200, December 3 - December 31, 300, and so on. Finding the answer to the question is not so difficult. The last day of the 21st century will be December 31, 2100.

If you want to calculate from what year the new millennium is counted, you should be guided by the same rule. This will avoid mistakes. Thus, the third millennium according to the Gregorian calendar, adopted by the absolute majority of world states, began on January 1, 2001, simultaneously with the beginning of the 21st century.

Where did the general confusion come from?

In Russia, the chronology adopted today was introduced by decree of Peter I. And before that, the account was kept from the creation of the world. And after the adoption of the Christian chronology, instead of 7209, the year 1700 came. People of the past were also afraid of round dates. Together with the new chronology, a decree was issued on a cheerful and solemn meeting of the new year and the new century.

In addition, one should not forget that with the adoption of the Christian time reckoning in Russia, the calendar remained Julian. Because of this, for all historical events before the transition to the Gregorian calendar (1918), two dates are determined: according to the old and according to the new style. And because of the different length of the year adopted in each of the two types of calendars, a difference of several days appeared. And so in 1918, with the introduction of the Gregorian calendar, after January 31, February 14 came.

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Information- about the date of the beginning of the 21st century.

Early 21st century (c) Mike Roschin 2:5030/ [email protected] ABOUT THE DATE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY Reader, hello! Below is an explanation (or proof - whatever you want) why the beginning of the 21st century should be considered January 1, 2001 (two thousand FIRST) year. Who is this text intended for: people who for some reason are groundlessly sure that the 21st century (as well as the 3rd millennium) begins on 01/01/2000. When I got tired of carrying out this explanation on a personal basis, I made it into a separate document. IMHO any mentally healthy person, CAREFULLY reading the following, will still be able to finally understand this issue. The exception is people with excessively painful self-esteem, who simply will not delve into the meaning of what is written. 1. About calendar dates and age. A date is a means of indicating the days, months, and years that have elapsed since some generally recognized moment. Well, there will be no questions, I hope :) The date in our country is written in the form .. For example, 01/14/1905 is the 14th of January, one thousand nine hundred and five. Pay attention to the declension of numbers. Not "one thousand nine hundred and five years," namely, "one thousand nine hundred and five years." This date does not mean that 1905 years have passed since the beginning of the countdown. No. This date LITERALLY says that 1904 has passed since the beginning of the countdown, and now 1905 is coming (but not yet completed) - the current year, that January of this 1905 is coming - January has not yet ended and that the 14th day is now stretching this very January. And it has passed since the beginning of the countdown in 1904 and 13 full days (the 14th day has not yet passed). I ask you, sir (lady?) to read the paragraph above carefully once more. Do you not understand why? Look further, everything will be clear. Let us consider the very moment of a hypothetical birth, from which it is customary to calculate the days and years of the New Era. For greater convenience, you can imagine a drawing ruler. The ruler starts with the number 0 - that is, the starting point, but immediately after the mark 0 the very first centimeter of the ruler begins and it lasts until mark 1, after which the second centimeter begins. Same with dates. The very first day on the morning after RH was the first day of the first month of the first year of the new era. And despite the fact that the "age" of Christ was actually equal to zero, the _first_ day began. _First_ month. _First_ year. In the conventional format, this is written as 01.01.0001. Today, now we have 11/26/1999, November 26, 1999, which means that 1998 years, 10 months and 25 days have passed since the countdown. And one thousand nine hundred ninety-nine years will pass from the moment of counting when the current year 1999 ends, that is, after the end of 31. 12.1999 - that is, at the beginning (or onset) of the year 2000. I hope that all of the above is clear? Great, we figured out the dates. 2. Centuries and millennia. When does the new age begin? Any new age at all? The new age begins when the old age ends. More precisely, when will the last day of the last month of the last year of the old age end. Of course, the third millennium will begin when two thousand years have completely elapsed from the moment of counting, that is, when the year 2000 from RH ends, that is, on the last day of this year 2000. And the last day of the year 2000 will be December 31, that is, in fact, at the beginning of the year 2001. Thus the new 21st century and the new 3rd millennium will begin on the night of January 1, 2001. Exactly what was required to be proved. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Reader, if you want to object to me, you better try - hit at least one argument in the chain of proof, and I have already said everything. Dixi. FAQ Q. GU (voice stubborn) - this type of rut, because in the first year of our era, Christ was one year old! A. Oh, how I love such absurd thoughts! Man, why are you talking nonsense? For your information, this very first year is actually 365 days long. Don't you want to specifically point your finger at one of these days and say that it was on such and such date of the first year that Christ was born and one year old? Go up there and read more carefully if you can't count yourself. Q. Some bullshit - why do you have the age of Christ one year less than the date? A. You definitely can't read. Do you have children? That's when they will, then you will firmly understand that if the child is 3 months and 5 days old, then his age is 0 years, 3 months and 5 days, and he is on the 6th day of the 4th month of the 1st year. Got it? No? When a child is _less_ a year old, they say that "he went to the first year." If you still do not understand this - the claims are not against me, I'm sorry. Q. Somehow it's not correct anyway. Should be in 2000, not 2001. A. Personally, I don't care when you celebrate the 21st century. I explained. Who did not understand - I'm not to blame. 26.11.1999 New Year's greetings/Mikhail Roshchin (White Thesis), Fidonet 2:5030/243

A bit of theory

When did the 21st century begin?

Calculating from what year the 21st century began, given all of the above, is not at all difficult.

When will the 21st century end

Understanding how the chronology of time is kept, one can easily say not only from what year the 21st century began, but also when it will end.

Where did the general confusion come from?

2000 like
In the year 2000….
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXI_century#2010-.D0.B5_.D0.B3.D0.BE.D0.B4.D1.8B
January 1, 2001.
hard case… in 2000
2001 ... it seems)))
in 2001 of course
January 1, 2001
In 2001. Unless, of course, the question is not a catch. .
Zhanna, who has a difficult case then?)))
January 1, 2000
unfortunately in 2000
January 1, 2001 began the XXI century!
Since the 18th century, they began to use the count of years “before our era” (a. D. - ante Deum - “before the Lord”). This account of years, it is called historical or chronological, has one important feature. The first year BC (1 BC) closely adjoins the first year of our era (1 AD). Between them there was no gap in the form of a zero year. After all, probably no one has ever heard of any event that took place in 0 year. Delimiting the two eras, Dionysius the Small simply could not use zero as a boundary point, because in the 6th century European mathematicians did not know the concept of "zero". So, it turns out that on January 1, 1 AD. e. came immediately after December 31, 1 BC. e. , only a "moment" separates them.

But if there is no zero year, then years should be counted, as some objects are usually counted, for example, children's counting sticks or matches: 1, 2, ... 9, 10; 1, 2, ..99, 100; 1, 2, ..999, 1000, etc. It is clear that 10, 100 and 1000 refer respectively to the first ten, the first hundred, the first thousand. Similarly, the number 2000 closes the second thousand, and the third thousand begins the number 2001. And it is natural that January 1, 2001 will be the first day of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium. It just so happened that a person starts his life from scratch, and the calendar CENTURY starts from one.
in 2001. The year 2000 belongs to the 20th century, and only on January 1, 2001 the 21st century began
Well, it's simple: with which bottle does the second box of vodka begin - from the 20th or, after all, from the 21st?
Whoever answers this question will understand that the 21st century begins on January 1, 2001
the number of the year is, in a sense, the age of Christ.
When a child is 5 years old, we say: "Vasenka is in her sixth year."
When we have the year 2000 (that is, the year 2000 is coming for Christ), this means that 1999 full years have passed. When the last year 2000 comes to an end, the century will also come to an end.
The twenty-first century began on January 1, 2001.
This is absolutely accurate!
In 2000, new centuries come with zeros….
The year 2000 is the 20th century, ... the new century has come with the New Year, which means January 1, 2001))))
The year 2000 is the last year of the 20th century.
of course 2001

Attention, only TODAY!

A bit of theory

When did the 21st century begin?

Calculating from what year the 21st century began, given all of the above, is not at all difficult.

When will the 21st century end

Understanding how the chronology of time is kept, one can easily say not only from what year the 21st century began, but also when it will end.

The end of the century is determined similarly to the beginning: the last day of the 1st century was December 31, 100, 2 - December 31, 200, 3 - December 31, 300, and so on. Finding the answer to the question is not so difficult. The last day of the 21st century will be December 31, 2100.

Where did the general confusion come from?

If we focus on the decree of Peter I, the new century should begin in the year 2000.

And how much is actually until the beginning of the new century and the new millennium?

Will 2000 be a leap year?

How many calendar days in the 21st century will have to be subtracted to convert the date to the old style?

The end of the 20th century is getting closer and closer. In the press, on the radio, on television, forecasts sound loudly and assertively: what will the 21st century be like - the beginning of the third millennium from R. Kh.

And already with might and main there is a preparation for a solemn meeting of a significant date. Some American company bought an island in the Pacific Ocean and is going to shoot the beginning of the century there: the first rays, the first sunrise of the emerging year 2000. There is a clock on the Great Wall of China that counts down the seconds until the beginning of the year 2000. Every day the radio station "Echo of Moscow" solemnly announces the number of days left until the beginning of the year 2000. The date is round, even very round!

All this is probably good and interesting, but it is not clear why the beginning of a round date is associated with the beginning of a new century?

And after all, many people think that the 21st century begins on January 1, 2000. However, this deeply rooted belief is absolutely wrong.

The beginning of the new millennium from R.H. (according to the Gregorian calendar, which is now accepted in most countries of the world, including our country) falls on 24:00 on December 31, 2000 or 00:00 on January 1, 2001.

Let's try to convince the reader of this. A century is a hundred years. The count naturally starts from year 1 (there is never a zero year). Any century ends when a full hundred years have passed. Therefore, the hundredth year is the last year of the outgoing century. The 101st year is the beginning of the next century. January 1, 1901 was the beginning of our twentieth century, and its last day will be December 31, 2000. And, finally, from January 1, 2001, the 21st century and the new - the third millennium from R.Kh. come into their own.

To all these arguments one can sometimes hear such an objection. When a person turns, for example, 30 or 40 years old - a “round” date - then he moves from “twenty-year-olds” to “thirty-year-olds” or from “thirty-year-olds” to a group of “forty-year-olds”, etc. Thus, this is an anniversary, it's a frontier. So why is the meeting of the year 2000 not a milestone, not a transition to a new century?

The objection may seem quite logical. But at the same time, this example clearly shows what is the cause of widespread confusion.

And it is that the age of a person begins to grow from zero. When we turn 30, 40, 70 years old, this means that the next ten years have already passed, and the next one has come. And calendars, as we have already said, do not start from zero, but from one (as in general, the account of all objects). Therefore, if 99 calendar years have passed, then the century is not over yet, because a century is 100 full years.

This is the only way to keep track of the chronology, which is necessary for any state, any society. The work of industry, transport, trade, financial affairs and many other branches of life need measures of time, accuracy, order. Chaos and jumble, uncertainty in these matters are unacceptable.

The history of calendars began a long time ago. Many nations have contributed to their development. Measuring time, mankind has identified three most important concepts: era, year, century. Of these, the year and era are the main ones, and the century is a derivative. The basis of the modern calendar is the year (more precisely, the tropical year), that is, the time interval between two successive passages of the center of the Sun through the vernal equinox. It was very important to accurately determine the length of the tropical year, and this task proved to be difficult. It was solved by many outstanding scientists of the world. It was determined that the length of the tropical year is not a constant value. Very slowly, but it is changing. In our era, for example, it decreases by 0.54 seconds per century. And now is 365 days, 5 hours 48 minutes 45.9747 seconds.

It was not easy to determine how long a year lasted. But when everyone accurately calculated, they faced even greater, one might say, insoluble difficulties.

If there were an integer number of days in a year, it doesn’t matter how many, then it’s easy to make a simple and convenient calendar. Even if there would be halves, quarters, eighth days. They can also be folded in a whole day. And here 5 hours 48 minutes 46.9747 seconds. From such “additives” you can’t make up a whole day.

It turns out that the year and the day are incommensurable. The remainder after division is an infinite fraction. Therefore, it was not at all an easy task to develop simple and convenient systems for counting days in a month and a year. And although many different calendars have been compiled from ancient times to the present day (ancient Egyptian, Chinese, Babylonian, Vietnamese, Muslim, Jewish, Roman, Greek), none of them can be called sufficiently accurate, convenient, reliable.

There is no leap year, that is, consisting of 366 days, in nature. It was invented on the basis that the “remainder” of 365 days of the tropical year - 5 hours 48 minutes and seconds - is very close to 1/4 of a day. For four years, a whole day is recruited - an extra day in a leap year.

Judging by many sources, the Egyptian Greek Sosigen was the first to think of this. The leap year was first introduced into the calendar by the Roman emperor Julius Caesar from January 1, 45 BC.

This calendar became known as the Julian. He firmly entered life at the beginning of our era and acted for many centuries. According to this calendar lived not only the Roman Empire and Byzantium (from where it came to Russia in the 10th century with the adoption of Christianity), but also all the countries of Europe, America, many states of Africa and Asia.

In the IV century, it took a number of changes to the Julian calendar. Christianity was strengthening, and the church considered it necessary to regulate the dates of religious holidays. A firm correspondence (for the 4th century) of the solar Julian calendar to the lunar Jewish one was established. So that the Christian Easter in the 4th century could never coincide with the Jewish one.

In the 6th century, the Roman monk Dionysius the Small decided to introduce a new Christian era, the beginning of which comes from the Nativity of Christ, and not from the creation of the world, as in the Jewish era, or from any other events, as in different pagan eras.

Dionysius substantiated the date from the Nativity of Christ. According to his calculations, it fell in the year 754 from the founding of Rome, or in the 30th year of the reign of Emperor Augustus.

The era from the birth of Christ was firmly established in Western Europe only in the VIII century. In Russia, as in Byzantium, for a long time, several centuries, they continued to count the years from the creation of the world.

Meanwhile, as a result of an inaccurate determination of the duration of the Julian year - 365 days and 6 hours, while in reality the year is 11 minutes and 14 seconds shorter - by the end of the 16th century (after amendments made to the calendar in the 4th century), a difference of 10 days ran up . Therefore, the spring equinox, which in the year 325 fell on March 21, came already on March 11. In addition, the holiday of Christian Easter began to approach the Jewish Passover. They could agree, which according to church canons is completely unacceptable.

The Catholic Church invited astronomers, and they more accurately measured the length of the tropical year, worked out the changes that needed to be made to the calendar. By decree of Pope Gregory XIII, from 1582, a calendar was introduced in Catholic countries, which was called the Gregorian.

The count of days was moved forward by 10 days. The day after Thursday, October 4, 1582, was prescribed to be considered Friday, but not October 5, but October 15. The spring equinox returned again on March 21st.

In order to avoid such mistakes in the future, it was decided to throw out 3 leap days every 400 years. So that in 400 years there were not 100 leap years, but 97. To do this, we must not consider leap years those centenary years (years with two zeros at the end), in which the number of hundreds (the first two digits) is not divisible by 4 without a remainder. Thus, years 1700, 1800, 1900 were not leap years. The year 2000 is a leap year, but 2100 is not.

The length of the year according to the Gregorian calendar is at least a little, 26 seconds, but still longer than the true one. This will lead to an error of one day in only 3280 years.

The new chronology was already introduced in Italy, Spain, Portugal, Poland, France, Luxembourg, and the Catholic cantons of Switzerland already in the 80s of the 16th century. It was much more difficult for Protestants and Orthodox to accept it.

The use of different calendars, especially in countries that communicate closely, caused a lot of inconvenience, and sometimes just curious cases. For example, England adopted the Gregorian calendar only in 1752. When we read that Cervantes died in Spain on April 23, 1616, and Shakespeare died in England on April 23, 1616, one might think that two of the world's greatest writers died on the same day. In fact, the difference was 10 days. Shakespeare died in Protestant England, which in those years still lived according to the Julian calendar (old style), and Cervantes died in Catholic Spain, where the Gregorian calendar (new style) had already been introduced.

Calendar reforms in Russia went on as usual, and often with a big delay in comparison with the countries of Western Europe.

In the 10th century, with the adoption of Christianity, the chronology used by the Romans and Byzantines came to Ancient Russia: the Julian calendar, the Roman names of the months, the seven-day week. The years were counted from the creation of the world, which, according to church concepts, took place 5508 years before the birth of Christ. The year began on March 1st. At the end of the 15th century, the beginning of the year was moved to September 1st.

By decree of December 15, 7208, Peter I introduced the Christian chronology in Russia. The day following December 31, 7208 from the creation of the world, was prescribed to be considered the beginning of the new year - January 1, 1700 from the Nativity of Christ.

By issuing this decree, Peter was not afraid of the round date - 1700, which at that time many in Europe expected with fear. With her, once again, after 1000 and 1100 AD, after 7000 from the creation of the world and other “round” dates, they awaited with trepidation the end of the world and the Judgment of God over all the living and the dead. But these mortally frightening years came and went, and the human world remained the same as it was.

Peter ordered the Russians to solemnly, cheerfully meet January 1, 1700, "to congratulate on the new year and the new century." Here he made a mistake and misled the people that the new century supposedly begins with two new numbers and two zeros. This mistake, apparently, firmly entered the minds of many Russians.

So, Russia switched to the Christian chronology, but the Julian calendar, the old style, remained. Meanwhile, most European countries have lived according to the Gregorian calendar for more than a hundred years. The difference between the old and new styles is: for the 18th century - 11 days, for the 19th - 12, for the 20th and 21st centuries (in the 21st century - due to the fact that 2000 is considered a leap year) - 13, in the 22nd century it will increase to 14 days.

In Russia, the Gregorian calendar was adopted in 1918 by the first non-church Soviet government. An amendment of 13 days was introduced: after January 31, 1918, February 14 immediately came.

Since the middle of the twentieth century, the Gregorian calendar has been used by almost all countries of the world.

Portal for the student. Self-training

When did the 21st century begin: from 2000 or from 2001?

A bit of theory

When did the 21st century begin?

When will the 21st century end

Where did the general confusion come from?

Books

Information- about the date of the beginning of the 21st century.

A bit of theory

When did the 21st century begin?

When will the 21st century end

Where did the general confusion come from?

A bit of theory

When did the 21st century begin?

When will the 21st century end

Where did the general confusion come from?

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