Petrogradsky district, its history and modern life
Traditionally, the Petrograd side (in the 18th century - Gorodovaya, City, and until 1914 the Petersburg side) is a group of islands washed by the Neva, Malaya Neva, Bolshaya and Malaya Nevka. This includes St. Petersburg (later Petrogradsky), Aptekarsky, Petrovsky and Hare Islands. This is the oldest historical district of the city, the development of which began in 1703 with the laying of the Peter and Paul Fortress on the island of Enisaari (Hare).
The central of these islands is Petrogradsky, sometimes in the sources of Peter the Great's time it is called Koivusaari, Berezovy, Gorodovoy, Gorodskoy, Trinity.
During the Northern War, launched by Russia with Sweden in 1700 for the return of their ancestral lands and access to the Baltic Sea, Russian troops under the command of Peter I at the end of April 1703 reached the mouth of the Neva. On May 1 (12), the Swedish fortress Nyenschantz, located at the confluence of the Okhta River with the Neva, surrendered. The Military Council decided to build a fortress on Hare Island.
On May 16 (27), 1703, a fortress was founded, which received the name of St. Petersburg. It became the center around which the first settlements of the new city were created.
Petrogradsky Island (area - 635 hectares; length - 4.2 km; width - 2.5 km) - the second largest after Vasilyevsky Island.
One of the first buildings on it was the house of Peter I, according to legend, erected by Semenov soldiers in three days.
The first builders of the Peter and Paul Fortress of houses on City Island were soldiers, captured Swedes, as well as working people - diggers and carpenters from different parts of the country. So the Tatars and Kalmyks settled on the City Island, who founded the Tatar settlement (a reminder of it was preserved in the name of 6 Tatarsky Lane).
Initially, the layout of streets on City Island was not envisaged. In its various parts, small settlements appeared, populated by people of the same social status or profession. This is how Posadsky, Mint, Grebetsky, Pushkarsky, Green, Rybatskaya and Armory settlements arose. Regiments of soldiers - Belozersky, Koltovsky and others - were quartered here.
The part of the island behind the fortress was a relatively high and dry area. Here is the main square - Troitskaya, named after the church of the same name, consecrated in 1711. Houses of the nobility appeared near the house of Peter I along the Neva embankment. The rest of the development went inland. Government buildings and the first printing house were located on the square. The first market, Gostiny Dvor and the first bookstore were also located here.
In 1706, the “Office of Buildings” was established, whose duty was to supervise the construction: streets were laid in the city.
Here it is appropriate to give a detailed excerpt from the book by K. V. Malinovsky "St. Petersburg of the 18th century" (Kriga publishing house, 2008, p. 115). “The laying of the streets took place as follows. After the installation of milestones in the directions of future streets, clearings were cut and interfering buildings were demolished, fascines were made - shields woven from branches and twigs, with which the clearings were paved. From above, the fascines were covered with logs, then covered with sand and paved with cobblestones. The owners had to arrange sidewalks opposite their yard at their own expense. By decree of April 3, “under St. Petersburg, in all places of every rank, people, each against his own house, make bridges (i.e. paving. - K. M.) wooden near the building and fences, a arshin wide, and in length the entire yard of this April by the 10th, and against whose yards it is dry, do not pave wooden bridges in that place. And by the autumn of this year, instead of these wooden ones and in those places against whose yards it is dry, each one against his yard would make stone bridges of wild stone, two arshins wide, and the whole yard long, in such a way as the square is paved, and from the side of those stone bridges, lay logs and fix them with piles, or put large stones instead of logs so that horses and wheels do not damage these bridges ... and so that it, like stones, and sand, on which to pave with that stone, and working people have they are ready, and the masters for that stone paving will be given from Chief Commissar Sinyavin. And where puddles are against whose yards, and in those places to dig ditches and drain water from puddles with those ditches into streams and where it is decent, so that the passage through the streets is dry. And this decree of His Royal Majesty to announce every rank to people with the application of hands (that is, against receipt. - K. M.) And at the city gates and at churches, and in the squares from this decree in decent places, nail sheets so that this decree of His Majesty the Sovereign was led. By another decree in September of the same year, Peter I ordered the construction of stone pavements two arshins wide from October 1 against each house on the Admiralteyskaya side, modeled on a paved square on St. Petersburg Island. However, despite the decrees, the state of the streets in St. Petersburg remained catastrophic. According to the protocol of the Synod of March 16, 1722, “during the great mud, impassable on the solemn feasts of God, many people cannot come to mass.” (By the way, about the mentioned book by K. V. Malinovsky: I strongly recommend that everyone interested in the history of St. Petersburg turn to it. In this work, which is distinguished by accuracy, the author often corrects errors in the historiography of St. Petersburg that arose for one reason or another.)
Their paving began in 1710.
In the first two decades of St. Petersburg's existence, the City Island was crossed by several canals. From east to west, a moat ran through the entire island, serving as the northern border of the city. Later, it was filled up and Bolshoy Prospekt was laid along its route.
Several roads were laid along and across the island. One of the longest ones went from the fortress towards Kamenny Island (future Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt). Another road went from the Rybatskaya Sloboda to the "green" (gunpowder) plant, founded in 1714 and standing near the confluence of the Karpovka River with the Malaya Nevka (future Bolshaya Zelenina Street).
Of the most significant enterprises on the Petersburg side at that time there was an arsenal in the fortress, where weapons were stored and repaired. On the territory of the fortress was the Mint, opened in 1724.
On the Petersburg side, on the embankment of the Karpovka River, in 1721 the first school appeared, called "Karpovskaya", founded by Feofan Prokopovich. The most outstanding event in the cultural life of the whole country is connected with the Petersburg side - the opening (1725) of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the house that previously belonged to P. P. Shafirov, on Petrovskaya Embankment.
When the city center was finally formed on the left bank of the Neva, the Petersburg side turned into a residential area of the city. This, in fact, remained until the beginning of the twentieth century.
In the middle and in the second half of the XVIII century. other islands of the Petersburg side were also built up. Dachas appeared on Aptekarsky Island. There were less and less empty territories of gardens and orchards on the Petersburg side.
There are few architectural monuments of the 18th - the first half of the 19th centuries located on the Petersburg side.
These are the Prince Vladimir Cathedral on Dobrolyubov Avenue, the building of the Hemp warehouses near Tuchkov Bridge, house number 10 on Admiral Lazarev Embankment, the former barracks of the Life Guards Grenadier Regiment on Petrogradskaya Embankment and the building of the Alexander Lyceum on Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt, house number 21.
Until the middle of the XIX century. the only means of land transport were carriages of cabbies. In 1847, shuttle carriages carried passengers. Only four routes operated in the city. Each differed in the color of the carriages. A raspberry-colored carriage went from Degtyarnaya Street to the Petersburg Side. The whole route one way cost 10 kopecks. In the same year, water passenger communication appeared. Steamboats carrying up to 100 people went from the Summer Garden to the Petersburg Side. The one-way fare was 20 kopecks in silver.
The city quickly developed as an industrial center. Since 1818, Schroeder's keyboard instrument factory has been located on City Island (later - the A.V. Lunacharsky Musical Instrument Factory on Chapaev Street, 15). Next to it, in house number 25, in 1837 a tulle factory settled, the future curtain-tulle factory named after. K. N. Samoilova.
At the end of the XVIII century. on the present street of Krasny Kursant (houses No. 14–16), the Artillery and Engineering gentry corps was opened, later transformed into the Second Cadet Corps.
In the middle of the XIX century. The Petersburg side, according to the writer E. P. Grebenka, "became a refuge for poverty", became the place of residence of mostly retired officials. Here were the houses of the palace servants.
In 1903, the Trinity Bridge was opened. He connected the Petersburg side with the city center. Since that time, in terms of the pace of construction, it has come out on top in the capital. In connection with the rapid development of land prices on the Petersburg side increased from 1886 to 1913 from 10 to 125 rubles per square sazhen. For 15 years, the wooden houses of Petersburg Island and parts of the Aptekarsky Island have been replaced by stone quarters. Kamennoostrovsky, Bolshoi and Kronverksky avenues were especially built up.
At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. prominent architects of the city worked here, including F. I. Lidval, V. V. Schaub, L. N. Benois, V. A. Schuko, N. E. Lansere. According to their projects, a number of excellent tenement houses were erected on the streets of the Petersburg side, which determined the architectural appearance of the district for a long time. Currently, there are over 300 architectural and historical monuments.
During the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. many houses on the Petrograd side suffered from bombing and shelling. In 1950–1952 extensive restoration work has been carried out. In place of the destroyed houses, new ones appeared, erected according to the designs of remarkable architects: N. M. Nazarina, V. F. Belova, A. A. Leiman, Ya. N. Lukin, V. M. Fromzel, O. I. Guryev, L L. Schreter. More than 50 avenues and streets were reconstructed.
In the area there are the Petrovsky Stadium, the Yubileiny Sports Palace, the Baltic House, Lyceums, Ostrov, Osobnyak theaters, the Planetarium, the Zoo, the Museum of Political History of Russia, the Military Space Academy. A. F. Mozhaisky, the Museum of Artillery, Engineer and Signal Corps, museum-apartments of S. M. Kirov, I. P. Pavlov, A. S. Popov, F. I. Chaliapin. Palace of Youth and Palace of Culture named after Lensoviet, film studio "Lenfilm", Central Yacht Club. There are a large number of universities and research institutes, the Mint, the largest printing house "Printing House" in the region. Here are the residence of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the North-Western Federal District, several branches of various banks and some industrial enterprises.
Such is the Petrograd side today. There will be a story about her.
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The Petrograd side is the cradle of the city of St. Petersburg. It was on its territory that the city was founded, which became the capital for Russia. There have been ups and downs in the history of the area. Monuments of all times of the existence of the city have been preserved on its territory, buildings of the 21st century have also appeared. The area has an interesting and rich history, which is inseparable from the history of the city.
After traveling to the West, Peter the Great begins the struggle for the return of the Neva lands from the control of the Swedes. The Russian state was cut off from the Baltic Sea, access to which was lost under the Stolbovsky Treaty of 1617. The Russian army suffered a crushing defeat in 1700 near Narva, but already in 1702 a victory was won in the capture of Noteburg, and in 1703 the Swedes lost the Nyenschanz fortress. The military council convened by Peter decided to build the city. On May 16, 1703, a fortress was laid on Hare Island, the foundation of which was the initial dot history of the city of St. Petersburg and the Petrograd side .
On Hare Island, a fortress was hastily cut down, on the banks of the Neva, for three days, the House of Peter the Great was erected, and houses of the tsar's associates were built nearby. The Petersburg Islands became the center of a rapidly developing city. Wooden Trinity Cathedral and Gostiny Dvor, customs, port, government institutions appeared on Troitskaya Square. The Petrograd side became the center for the implementation of the ideas of the tsar and the management of the city. The city was built by the whole world: artisans from all over Russia were transferred to St. Petersburg for the eternal settlement - blacksmiths, masons, potters, carpenters, carpenters, who settled in settlements. Nobles and merchants were forcibly resettled. Peter's generosity attracted foreign architects and gardeners.
But the island location of the city led to inconvenience: the territory is limited, there is no possibility of getting to the islands in bad weather. And gradually, with the development of Vasilyevsky Island and the Moscow side, the Petrograd side is losing its significance as the center of active life in the capital. Over time, it turns into the outskirts of the capital city. Since 1767, the Commission on the St. Petersburg Building imposed a ban on the construction of stone buildings (except churches) on the Petrograd Side due to military precaution, which was in effect until 1861. The area was a wooden county town, in the summer herds grazed here, and in spring and autumn the whole territory turned into an impassable swamp.
In the middle of the 18th century, a ban was introduced on the creation of enterprises in the city center, and the Petrograd side began to develop as an industrial area. During the 19th century, large industrial enterprises began to appear on the Petrograd side. 
.Among them are the Kersten Hosiery and Knitting Factory (Krasnoe Znamya factory), the Langesippen and Co. Iron and Copper Foundry (Znamya Truda factory), the Otto Kirchner Cardboard Binding Factory (Svetoch factory), the Brewery Bavaria, Machine-Building Plant Semenov (Polygraphmash).
In the 19th century, well-known educational institutions and scientific institutions began to appear in the region. In 1823, the Imperial Botanical Garden was established, the basis of which was the Apothecary Garden, created by decree of Peter I in 1714 for 
cultivation of medicinal herbs. By 1913, the Garden became the center of Russian botanical science. In 1844, the Lyceum from Tsarskoye Selo moved to the Petersburg side. The Women's Medical Institute (First St. Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov), the Military Space Academy named after I.P. A.F. Mozhaisky traces its history back to the Military Engineering School, founded by Peter the Great in 1712 and transformed in 1800 into the Second Cadet Corps. The Electrotechnical Institute was founded in 1886. In 1890, the Imperial Institute of Experimental Medicine was opened.
In the middle of the 19th century Sophia and Julius Gebhardt founded the Zoo, one of the northernmost zoos in the world, on the territory of the Alexander Park. In 1900, the People's House was opened, called the "Establishment for popular entertainment of Emperor Nicholas II." It was the largest People's House. In the neighborhood, a railway was built in Alexander Park, later - American Mountains, an amusement town.
To the north of Karpovka there is a realm of dachas - aristocratic, including imperial residences, and modest, rented out. Krestovsky Island has become a center of festivities and entertainment.
The opening of the Trinity Bridge in 1903 led to a surge in construction; many buildings of the Art Nouveau style, neoclassicism, and eclecticism appeared on the Petrograd side. Among them - the palace of Matilda Kshesinskaya architect A. I. von Gauguin, 
the building of the Orthopedic Institute in the Alexander Park of R. F. Meltzer, the House with towers on Lev Tolstoy Square A. Belogrud, a number of tenement houses of the architect F. I. Lidval.
The turbulent city life of the 20th century did not bypass the Petrograd Side either. In 1905, the workers of a number of enterprises in the district supported the city strike; on January 9, a demonstration heading for the Winter Palace was shot on Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt. The proletariat of the Petrograd side took an active part in the revolutionary struggle. After the February Revolution, from April to July 1917, the headquarters of the Bolshevik Party was located in the former mansion of the ballerina Kshesinskaya. In April 1917, V. I. Lenin and Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya settled in the apartment of the Elizarovs at 52 Lenin Street. In house 32 on the Karpovka Embankment, at a meeting of the Central Committee of the RSDLP on October 10, 1917, a decision was made on an armed uprising.
After the completion of the October Revolution, arrested members of the Provisional Government, representatives of the nobility, and opponents of the revolution were sitting in the casemates of the Peter and Paul Fortress. Near the walls of the Golovkin bastion on January 30, 1919, the Grand Dukes were shot because of their “wrong” origin.
Nationalized enterprises, schools, educational and research institutes operate in the region, cultural institutions are open. In 1919, at 49 Kronverksky Prospekt (in the building of the future Leningrad Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics), the Labor Exchange was organized.
New buildings and complexes are being built: the House of Political Prisoners, the Palace of Culture. 
Lensovet, stadium. V. I. Lenin (now "Petrovsky"), Transport Academy. I. Stalin, 1st building of the Leningrad City Council.
On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, there were about 90 large enterprises in the region, which employed 95 thousand people. The Kirov Islands (Elagin, Krestovsky, Kamenny) are actively used for the recreation of workers. On the occasion of the opening of the Rest Houses, a wooden triumphal arch was built on Krasnye Zor Avenue and a rostral column near the pier; a sculptural group “Liberated Labor” towered on the avenue.
With the outbreak of hostilities near Leningrad, on the Petrograd side, which was also subjected to bombing and shelling, the resettlement of residents from the front-line regions began. Working industrial enterprises are switched to defense work, hospitals are opening on the territories of educational institutions and rest homes. With the onset of cold weather, the preserved wooden houses begin to be dismantled for firewood. During the war, about ten thousand shells and bombs fell on the territory of the Petrograd and Primorsky regions, which damaged architectural monuments, industrial enterprises, and residential buildings.
Already on March 29, 1944, the State Defense Committee decided to restore the industry and urban economy of Leningrad. The plan of 1944 was fulfilled by the enterprises of the Petrogradsky district by 105 percent. To solve the housing problem, the construction of residential buildings in free territories begins. The first post-war five-year plan was successfully carried out by the workers of the district.
In the post-war years, work was carried out on the overhaul and reconstruction of streets and squares. June 23, 1957 at the stadium. S. M. Kirov widely celebrated the 250th anniversary of Leningrad. Of great importance is the construction of new reinforced concrete bridges, the commissioning of the Gorkovskaya and Petrogradskaya metro stations in 1963. 
The role of numerous research institutes is increasing. Back in 1944, the Lenfilm film studio resumed its activities. Cinemas, theaters, libraries, houses of culture opened their doors. Museums of the Petrograd side have widely developed scientific and educational work: the Peter and Paul Fortress, the Museum of the Great October Socialist Revolution, the Artillery Historical Museum. After the war, the cruiser Aurora was put into eternal parking at the Nakhimov School.
By the end of the Soviet period, the Petrogradsky district occupied a stable position in the sphere of industrial production, education, and culture. With the change in the socio-political system, cardinal changes took place on the Petrograd side, economic ties were disrupted, industrial enterprises suffered, old shops, cinemas, photo studios disappeared, nightclubs, currency exchange offices, and gymnasiums appeared. The crisis of the 90s led to the need to adapt. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, there were 1853 industrial enterprises, 262 educational institutions, 311 cultural and educational institutions in the region.
Today the Petrogradsky district remains one of the most economically developed districts of the city, it is the city's leader in the implementation of innovations. On its territory there are well-known industrial enterprises, the oldest medical institutions, higher educational institutions, world-famous historical monuments.
Every year the Petrograd side develops and becomes prettier.
The oldest and, perhaps, the most diverse Petrograd side of St. Petersburg is the real center of the city. Although the left bank of the Neva is officially considered the center, today life is more in full swing on Petrogradka. There are many attractions, museums, parks, unusual corners and monuments, but the main thing that the area is proud of is one of the best Art Nouveau buildings in Europe.
The emergence of the settlement
The Petrograd side geographically unites several islands in the Neva delta. The very first settlement appears on Hare Island, where the Peter and Paul Fortress was founded in 1703. A little later, the first buildings appeared on Petrogradsky (then Fomin) Island. The first residence of Peter the Great is also being built here, around which the center of the future capital is being formed. Senate buildings, customs, a mint, diplomatic missions of foreign countries are being built here, and a wooden Trinity Cathedral is being built.
Gradually, the city on the Petrograd side grows, the Academy and the University are being built. The Aptekarsky Island is also settling in. But the development on both islands is chaotic, reminiscent of medieval cities. In 1721, on Petrogradsky Island, Peter the Great takes the title of Emperor of Russia. However, since 1717, Peter transferred the city center to Vasilyevsky Island, where he began to build a planned city, with straight streets and squares. Petrogradka is gradually losing its significance, several fires and the removal of buildings by the population for firewood lead to the fact that the area is becoming less and less presentable. In the middle of the 18th century, two main avenues were laid on the site of the old buildings, thereby setting a rectangular grid for the new building. However, some of the old, twisted streets have survived. With the formation of the city center on the left bank, the Petrograd side falls into disrepair, becomes the outskirts of the city.
The heyday of the Petrograd side
At the end of the 19th century, the Petrograd side is experiencing a rebirth. Her lands were looked after by architects who build houses for the bourgeoisie, bohemians and aristocracy. This area was more environmentally attractive, it was possible to build new houses here with the desired scope. All this led to the fact that Petrogradka quickly became the most fashionable place to live. But it is built up with spectacular houses in the Art Nouveau style, which was progressive at that time. Numerous tenement houses, shops and restaurants are also being built here. The area becomes respectable, with lots of greenery. Since that time, the Petrograd side has not lost its significance as the most important district of St. Petersburg.
Modern structure of the district
Eighteen administrative districts form St. Petersburg, the Petrograd side is one of the most interesting historical parts of the city. Today, several administrative units are included in the Petrogradsky district, including the historically established part, called the Petersburg side, and then the Petrograd side. It is located on four islands: Petrogradsky, the largest and most populated, Aptekarsky, Zayachiy and Petrovsky.
Rabbit Island
The Petrograd side is primarily famous for the Peter and Paul Fortress, which was built on the It is located in the widest part of the Neva, which is very successful from a strategic point of view. This was the reason for the choice of a place for the construction of the fortress. Initially, wooden defensive fortifications were erected here, the mint moved here from Moscow. But the tree quickly began to deteriorate, and Peter decided to build a stone fortress.
Today on the island, in addition to the fortress, you can see a funny monument to the Hare, which once gave the name to this territory. There is also a beautiful park, several interesting museums and a delightful promenade.
Peter-Pavel's Fortress
The Petrograd side is strongly associated with the first fortifications of the city. The Peter and Paul Fortress with its contours almost completely repeats the shape of the island. The French engineer de Guerin created the blueprints for the first bastions. In the 30s and 40s of the 18th century, the embankments were dressed in stone according to the Trezzini project, at the same time the tradition appeared to celebrate noon with a cannon shot. In 1713-1733, he built the Peter and Paul Cathedral on the island, the spire of which today is one of the main symbols of St. Petersburg. The cathedral was made in the early baroque style, new for Russia, and it will become a model for the construction of many cathedrals throughout the country. In addition to the cathedral in the fortress, the commandant's house, the monument to Peter I by M. Shemyakin, Peter's boat house are of interest.
Today in the Peter and Paul Fortress you can walk along the walls of the bastion, look at the prison, climb the bell tower and look at the city from a height, go to the Peter and Paul Cathedral to view the imperial tombs.
History of Petrogradsky Island
The original names of the island: Berezovy, Fomin, Troitsky, later Petersburg and finally Petrogradsky. Fomin Island began to be built up in 1703, when Peter the Great settled here to supervise the construction of the Peter and Paul Fortress. To accommodate it, a simple wooden hut was built, which today is called Peter's house.
The main thoroughfares of the island - Bolshoy, Kamennoostrovsky and Maly prospect of the Petrograd side - create the geometric layout of the area, which began to take shape in the late 19th - early 20th century. The island is rich in sights: there is a zoo, a planetarium, the famous cruiser Aurora is moored here.
The main development of the island falls on the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, at which time the main sights appeared, which today make up its glory: Witte, the spectacular cathedral mosque, the summer palace of Peter the Great, the Prince Vladimir Cathedral, built by A. Rinaldi and I. Stasov . The Bolshaya Petrogradskaya Storona is one of the brightest parts of the city, it is based on two main avenues.
The first embankment of St. Petersburg, named after Peter, also contained many interesting buildings, including the Nakhimov School, built by Dmitriev in 1910 in the style Nearby, on X-ray Street, there is one of the best buildings in St. Petersburg in the Art Nouveau style - Chaev's house. When descending to the river, you should also pay attention to the unusual figures of Chinese Shih Tsza lions.
Kamennoostrovsky prospect: history and sights
Today, the avenue is a busy thoroughfare lined with magnificent buildings. And it all began in 1712, when the first miles of this street were laid. Gradually, the avenue lengthens, expands and becomes an important transport artery of the city. The starting point of the avenue can be considered Trinity Square, where one of the first churches in the city once stood. Today, the new Trinity Chapel stands here. The avenue is surrounded by many gardens and parks, which create such a pleasant atmosphere in this part of the island.
The highway is lined with magnificent houses of the early 20th century. The most striking buildings include the so-called "House with Towers", built by the architect A. Belogrud in the retrospective style. Another gem is the House of Ida Lidval. It was erected at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries by the architect F. Lidval for his mother. The building is a masterpiece in Art Nouveau style. The mansion of S. Witte in the style of mature eclecticism is of historical value. However, almost every house on the avenue has a certain architectural value, you can look at them for hours.
Bolshoy Prospekt: buildings and sights
The Bolshoi Prospekt of the Petrogradskaya Side is also rich in remarkable buildings. These include Tuchkov buyan Rinaldi, the chapel of Alexander Nevsky, Putilova's tenement house, or "House with Owls" - an excellent example. Almost every house on the avenue has architectural value. Bolshoy Prospekt of the Petrogradskaya Storona is a real architectural encyclopedia of the early 20th century, all important trends and many famous architects are represented here.
Aptekarsky Island
The Petrograd side of St. Petersburg was settled by Peter the Great, he gave a small island for a pharmacy garden (hence the name was born), where medicinal plants were grown. The relatively small island today is mostly given over to the Botanical Garden, where you can see a lot of interesting flora. The island is also interesting in that it is connected with other parts of the urban land by seven bridges. The island houses two large universities, several research institutes, the St. Petersburg Television Center, the F. Chaliapin House-Museum, the Museum of the History of Photography, the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, built by the famous architect K. Ton in the Russian-Byzantine style.
Bridges of Petrogradka
The Petrograd side of St. Petersburg is connected to other parts of the city by eight Birzhev, Elagin, Ushakovsky, Kantemirovsky, Grenadier, Sampsonievsky and Troitsky.
There are also several "internal" bridges: Aptekarsky, Silin, Karpovsky, Barochny, numerous park bridges. Walking on bridges and exploring their architectural and design features can be an exciting pastime for your free time.
- (before 1914 the Petersburg side), the historical district of Leningrad, includes Petrogradsky, Aptekarsky, Petrovsky, Hare Islands. The development of the territory of the Petrograd Side began in 1703 with the laying of the Peter and Paul Fortress on Zayachy Island. ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"
Petrograd side- (until 1914 Petersburg side), the historical district of Leningrad, includes Petrogradsky, Aptekarsky, Petrovsky, Hare Islands (see articles about each). Development of the territory of P. s. began in 1703 with the laying on the Hare Island of Petropavlovsk ... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)
PETROGRAD SIDE- the historical district of St. Petersburg, a group of 4 islands (Aptekarsky, Petrovsky, Zayachiy and the largest of them Petrogradsky, an area of 570 hectares, originally called Berezovy) in the delta of the river. Neva. Here the construction of St. Petersburg began. ... ...
Petrograd side- the historical district of St. Petersburg, a group of 4 islands (Aptekarsky, Petrovsky, Zayachiy and the largest of them Petrogradsky, an area of 570 hectares, the original name Berezovy) in the delta of the river. Neva. Here the construction of St. Petersburg began. ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Petrograd side- Petrograd side a (in St. Petersburg) ... Russian spelling dictionary
Troitskaya Square (Petrogradskaya side)- This term has other meanings, see Trinity Square. Coordinates: 59°57′09.94″ s. sh. 30°19′32.26″ E d ... Wikipedia
city side- Part of city. In ancient Novgorod, Sofia and Torgovaya, in St. Petersburg, Vyborg, Moscow, Petrogradskaya. * * * CITY SIDE CITY SIDE, part of the city. In ancient Novgorod, Sofiyskaya and Torgovaya, in St. Petersburg Vyborgskaya, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Side- Side: The side of a polygon is a segment that connects two of its adjacent vertices. Party of obligation Party of international treaty Warring parties Cardinal sides Coin sides: obverse and reverse Sides of the cassette: "A" and "B" Used in titles ... ... Wikipedia
URBAN SIDE- Part of city. In ancient Novgorod, Sofia and Torgovaya, in St. Petersburg Vyborg, Moscow, Petrograd ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Petersburg side- The Petrograd side is one of the historical districts of St. Petersburg, located within the administrative boundaries of the Petrogradsky district of the city. Map of the Petrograd Side, ca. 1925 Consists of several islands, the largest of which are: ... Wikipedia
Books
- Petrograd side. Bolshoi Prospekt, Nikitenko Galina Yurievna, Privalov Valentin Dmitrievich. The book tells about all the houses of the Bolshoy Prospekt of the Petrograd side. The analysis of the development of the highway, the architectural characteristics of the most interesting buildings are given. Provides information about… Buy for 920 UAH (Ukraine only)
- Petrograd side. Big Avenue - 2nd ed. , Privalov V.D., Nikitenko G.Yu.. 366 p. The book tells about all the houses of the Bolshoy Prospekt of the Petrograd side. The analysis of the development of the highway, the architectural characteristics of the most interesting buildings are given. Given…
Walks along the Petrograd side
Wherever I am rocked by a wave or an ambulance train,
I would like to see, even in a dream, the Petrograd side.
How do I want to return to the shores of my youth,
Where, as in a mirror, bridges look into the blue Neva ...
Recently I talked about my favorite street - Kamennoostrovsky prospect.
And now I want to invite you for a walk in one of the districts of St. Petrograd side, Petrogradsky district (where Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt is located).
The area is located on eight islands ( Hare, Kronverksky, Petrogradsky, Aptekarsky, Petrovsky, Stone, Elagin, Krestovsky).
Between themselves, all the islands of the Petrograd region are connected by fifteen bridges.
Petrogradsky and Aptekarsky the islands are Petrograd side or Petrogradka. And the last three Islands(or Kirov Islands), - a recreation area.
We start our walk.
The Petrograd side is the oldest part of the city on the Neva.
We all remember these lines:
From here we will threaten the Swede,
Here the city will be founded
To spite an arrogant neighbor.
Nature here is destined for us
Cut a window to Europe...
Yes, it was here that Peter the Great began to "cut a window to Europe", began to rebuild a new city. Petersburg began with the Peter and Paul Fortress, and we will start our walk from here.
View of the fortress. Behind the canal - Kronverk
The fortress was founded May 16 (27), 1703 on the island of Enisaari (Hare).
In 1703 Rabbit Island was connected with the Petrograd side Ioannovsky bridge, the first in the city.
May 29, 1703, in Day of the Apostles Peter and Paul, in the fortress began to build a temple - Peter and Paul Cathedral. This day became the name day of the fortress, which has since been called " st peter burh". Her name spread to the whole city.
Cathedral (this photo is mine) 
The existing building of the cathedral in the style of Peter's baroque was built according to the project of arch. Trezzini. The cathedral houses the tomb of Russian emperors.
Cathedral height 122.5 m., this is the tallest building in St. Petersburg.
Cathedral and its spire with an angel - city symbols.
Angel 
Angel of the Petrograd Side
Infected by the Baltic winds
He's in love with bridges and gray stone
Washed away by the tides of the moon.
Walking along the cobbled pavement of the fortress, as if you find yourself in the 18th century ...
From the Naryshkin bastion of the fortress, a midday shot of a signal gun is fired daily.
Now the fortress is part of Museum of the History of St. Petersburg, tours, exhibitions are held here. On the beach of the fortress, city holidays, festivals of ice and sand figures are held, and in summer there are a lot of old bastions sunbathing near the walls.
On a separate Kronverksky island Kronverk was located - the external fortification of the Peter and Paul Fortress. The first photo is a horseshoe-shaped, red building surrounded by a canal in the form of a crown. (“Kronverk” in German means “fortification in the form of a crown”).
Now Kronverk - Artillery (Military History) Museum. Over 200 tanks, cannons, self-propelled guns and missile systems are displayed in the museum yard ... - and the children climb them for their own pleasure (it used to be like that, I don’t know how it is now).
Another photo tour of the fortress and Alexander Park - here
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Fountains on the Neva 
On the Neva, near the fortress, there are fountains right on the water. There are 700 jets, up to 60 meters high.
Trinity bridge- one of the most beautiful of the bridges across the Neva. Opened in 1903 for the 200th anniversary of St. Petersburg. 
More about the bridge and the bunny at the Peter and Paul Fortress here:
Walks along Kamennoostrovsky part 1
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The plan of this part of the city will show where our walk takes place. 
Trinity Square
To the right of the Trinity Bridge, on Troitskaya Square, on the site of the destroyed Trinity Cathedral, in 2003 a small Trinity Chapel.
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Petrovskaya embankment- the first embankment of St. Petersburg. It is here in May 1703 year was built house of Peter the Great- the very first building in the city Back in 1721, for safety, the house was dressed in a case-gallery. 
Near the house of Peter I was the first port of St. Petersburg, which was subsequently transferred to the spit of Vasilevsky Island, and then to Gutuevsky Island.
Not far from Peter's house, on the site of the first St. Petersburg pier, the descent to the Neva is decorated with mythological Chinese lions Shih Tza(lion frogs). 
Lions were brought to St. Petersburg from the city of Girin in Manchuria in 1907.
At the intersection of Petrovskaya and Petrogradskaya embankments, we see a beautiful building in the style of Peter the Great Baroque - this Nakhimov School. And the ship nearby is legendary " Aurora". Now on the "Aurora" there is a training base of the school and a museum. 
The building was erected by the autumn of 1910 architect. Dmitriev, in developing the project for the interiors and decor of the building, Dmitriev attracted artists from the World of Art, headed by A. N. Benois.
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During the walk, we will see not only well-known sights, but also little-known ones.
Here, not far from the Aurora, on Petrogradskaya Embankment stands this unusual monument to one of the industrialists of St. Petersburg. Guess who? 
This is a monument Alfred Nobel. The place was not chosen by chance, opposite is the Russian Diesel plant, which belonged to the Nobel family.
This expressive monument depicting an explosion was erected on the initiative of the Nobel Foundation (Sweden) and the International Foundation for the History of Science in 1989.
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Now let's take a look at the nearby X-ray street.
Our attention is drawn to the Art Nouveau mansion - Chaev's house(building 9).
Architect Apyshkov created in 1907 one of the best works of St. Petersburg Art Nouveau. 
The building now houses a dental clinic.
She talked about Chaev's mansion here:
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Another interesting house on this street, number 4 - house of G.F. Eilers.
Eilers is the largest gardener and flower dealer, his shop "opposite the Kazan Cathedral" was sung by the Silver Age poet Agnivtsev.
In this house, sculptures of kids attract attention - putti at the arch. 
The building was built in the style of "northern modern" by the son of the owner K.G. Eilers. The well-known architect F.I. Lidval.
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Back to Trinity Square.
Near Alexander Park and Troitskaya Square we see Kshesinskaya's mansion.
Designed in 1904, the arch . von Gauguin the mansion was considered one of the most respectable of its time. 
Before the February Revolution, there was a popular salon in the house of the prima ballerina of the Mariinsky Theater Matilda Kshesinskaya. Balls and receptions were held here, attended by representatives of the imperial family and the artistic elite of St. Petersburg.
In July 1917, Lenin spoke from the balcony of the mansion. Here was the Museum of the Revolution, and now it is Museum of Political History…
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Near the Kshesinskaya Palace are located Cathedral Mosque.
It was built in 1913 at the expense of the Emir of Bukhara.
Motifs of Central Asian architecture are used in the architecture of the mosque. 
The dome of the mosque resembles the dome of the famous mausoleum Gur-Emir in Samarkand(15th century), and the shape and beautiful patterns of the entrance portal were borrowed from the mausoleum Shakhi Zinda.
My God, how I love, how I love to return home ...
Like a prayer to read the numbers of Leningrad cars,
And meet with the native Petrograd at the old mosque,
Flying through the white nights of an intoxicated soul...
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Alexander Park
Alexander Park is located near the Peter and Paul Fortress, surrounding the crown work of the Peter and Paul Fortress from the north.
Aleksandrovsky Park is bounded from the north by Kronverksky Prospekt, which goes around the park in an arc. 
Let's take a walk in the park.
In 1903, a granite grotto with a viewing platform at the top and a cafe below. 
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The building of the Orthopedic Institute was founded in 1902 on the initiative of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. 1902-1906 - arch. Meltzer R. F.
The facade is decorated with one of the early majolica on the buildings of St. Petersburg - the image of the Virgin and Child, made according to the sketch of K. S. Petrov-Vodkin in 1904. 
"The Virgin and Child"- the first work of K. Petrov-Vodkin. Arch. Roman Meltzer found a talented guy on the Volga who painted signs, and brought him to St. Petersburg.
Now the Orthopedic Institute is in a different place, and here is the Academy of Justice.
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mini city
We will see the Mini-City architectural complex in the southern part of Aleksandrovsky Park, behind the Gorkovskaya metro station. It was opened in May 2011.
The complex includes small copies of the main St. Petersburg sights on a scale of 1:33. These are the ensembles of Palace and Senate Squares, the Peter and Paul Fortress, Kazan and St. Isaac's Cathedrals, Mikhailovsky Castle, etc.
Photos and collage are mine.
There are many more interesting places and entertainments in Alexander Park. There are museums, exhibitions, and theaters here…
people's house
In December 1900 was opened in Alexander Park people's house Emperor Nicholas II.
It was a complex with a central vestibule under a glass dome and the Theater Hall on the left and the Iron Concert Hall on the right, designed by arch. Lutsedarsky. In 1910, the Opera Hall was added to the right wing.
Now located here Theater "Baltic House", Planetarium and Music Hall.
The theater is a building with columns, the Music Hall is with a dome, and the Planetarium is in the middle, with a small dome. 
If you walk through the park from the metro station "Gorkovskaya" along Kronverksky pr., the first thing we see is the theater "Baltic House" until 1991 - the theater of the Lenin Komsomol.
The theater building was built on the site of the left wing (theater hall) of the former People's House, which burned down in 1932. This is the Theater Festival, where international stage festivals and forums are held annually.
The right wing (Opera Hall) now occupies "Music Hall" and formerly cinema Giant", the largest in the city. Back in the 70s, there was a Stereokino cinema next to the Giant.
music hall 
By the way, a new cinema complex "Velikan" is being built next to the Baltic House theater, which will combine 6 cinema halls, a restaurant and offices.
In the middle part of the former People's House - Planetarium, opened in 1959.
In the Star Hall The planetarium is breathtaking from the contemplation of the starry sky above your head. 
In the room " Space trip» you can take part in interactive programs, become members of the spacecraft crew. There is also a small astronomical observatory in the Planetarium.
And in the exposition Laboratories of Entertaining Experiments- experiments in optics, electricity, time measurement, the famous Foucault pendulum.
The laboratory was created on the principles Houses of entertaining science organized back in 1935 in Leningrad ME AND. Perelman, the author of a well-known series of popular science books ("Entertaining Physics", "Entertaining Astronomy", etc.).
More details: http://www.planetary-spb.ru/
(There is a similar museum of science (“LabyrinthUm”) in another place on the Petrograd side, but more on that later, in part 2).
Available at the Planetarium hall of dinosaurs. Also operate wax exhibitions. One exhibition - historical figures, the other - movie heroes (Shrek, Avatar, Jack Sparrow ...).
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Children's Museum-Theater Skazkin House» is located near the Music Hall and the Zoo. The scenery and characters of Russian and foreign fairy tales are recreated here.
The modern interactive format allows children to immerse themselves in a fabulous atmosphere, become participants in events and communicate with their favorite characters.
And here is our Zoo
Now the construction of a new Zoo has begun, but for now it is here - in the center of the city. 
A story about a walk through the Zoo here:
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We walked along the arc of Alexander Park, and came to the Neva and Dobrolyubov Avenue.
A year ago, here, not far from the Birzhevoy Bridge, stood the buildings of the Institute Giprokhim with a "chemical" panel.
Giprokhim 
But the buildings were demolished and the Embankment of Europe complex is being erected on this site ...
We will walk along Dobrolyubov Ave. from Birzhevoy to Tuchkov Bridge.
Prince Vladimir Cathedral. 1789 arch. Rinaldi. 
Fountain in front of the cathedral Palace of Sports "Jubilee""
Petrovsky Stadium located at Tuchkov bridge, on the Petrovsky Island.
Here are the matches Zenith, during these hours traffic stops ... 
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Neva fountains at night 
I was born on the Petrograd side,
I need meetings with her like bread,
Here everything is close to me, everything is clear to me:
Bends of Peter and Paul beloved,
Neva flow, labyrinth of yards...
I could wander here until sunset ...
The great city of Petrov began
On these very shores once...
http://walkspb.ru/ulpl/kamennoostr_pr.html
And Wikipedia
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Instead of help
Petrogradsky district
The number of residents of the district as of October 14, 2010 was 130 417
people, including the able-bodied population 63%, retirement age 24%, children and adolescents - 13%.
In terms of population - the smallest of the urban areas, but not in importance.
After all, we remember that our city began here, in addition, many important objects for the city are located here.
There are 51 cultural institutions in the district, including: Museum of the history of the city (Peter and Paul Fortress), Lenfilm film studio, TV studio, Planetarium, Theatre Baltic House, St. Petersburg Music Hall, Leningrad zoo. Botanical Garden, D.K. them. Leningrad City Council, Leningrad Youth Palace, Museum of Artillery, Museum of Political History.
The two largest city parks are TsPKiO and Primorsky Victory Park.
The largest medical centers are located in the region world importance: 1st Medical University. Academician I.P. Pavlov, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute of Children's Infections, Institute of the Human Brain RAS, Research Institute of Influenza RAMS.
There are also higher education institutions in the area.: St. Petersburg GUITMO, LETI, Chemical Pharmaceutical Academy, Military Space Academy. Mozhaisky, Nakhimov School, Cadet Corps. Peter the Great.
Located in the Petrogradsky district 5 Orthodox churches and the only Muslim mosque.
There are many in the area sports facilities, including 7 stadiums: Petrovsky, Yubileiny, SKA and others; 8 swimming pools, 2 sports palaces, 14 indoor tennis courts, 2 yacht clubs, 6 rowing clubs, 2 equestrian centres.
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