(4,466 m)
Geological structure
Minerals
The territory of the republic is rich in minerals of three types: ore, non-metallic and fuel in origin.
The largest number of natural gas fields are located in Garadagh, the shelf zone of the Caspian Sea, Baku and the Apsheron archipelago. The Lesser Caucasus is rich in ore deposits. There are deposits of iron , titanium , gold , silver , copper , cobalt , chromite , polymetals , molybdenum , etc. The largest deposits of iron ore are located in Dashkesan .
Of the non-metallic deposits, Gobustan, Apsheron and Tovuz limestone, Shakhtakhti travertine (Nakhichevan AR), Dashkesan marble, Upper Ajikend gypsum, and Hajiveli quartz sands are of great importance.
Climate
The natural conditions of Azerbaijan are diverse - from the warm and humid subtropics of the Lankaran lowlands and Talysh to the snowy highlands of the Greater Caucasus.
2). Rivers belonging to the Araz River basin (Arpa, Nakhichevan, Okhchu, Akera, Kendelen, etc.).
3). Rivers directly flowing into the Caspian Sea (Samur, Kudial, Velvele, Vilyash, Lenkoran, etc.).
On the territory of Azerbaijan steppe and semi-desert The Kura-Araks lowland, on which the Shirvan, Karabakh, Mil, Mugan, Salyan steppes are located, in the north-eastern part of the republic - the Samur-Absheron region (Kuba-Khachmaz lowland, the Bogaz plain, etc.) and the Lankaran lowland, occupying the northern half of the area.
PHYSIOGRAPHY
The favorable natural and geographical climate of the territory of Azerbaijan has created conditions for the settlement of people here since ancient times.
Ancient authors - Herodotus (5th century BC), Strabo (64/63 BC - 23/24 AD), Polybi (approximately 200 -120 BC .) Claudius Ptolemy (approximately 90-160) in his works gave information about Azerbaijan, its borders, geographical position, rivers, settlements, tribes living here, the Caspian Sea, that it has no connection with any other by sea. Subsequently, the Arab geographers and travelers Ibn Khordadbeh (approximately 820/826 -912/913), Abu-Ishag Istakhri (820 -934), the Iranian scientist Rashidaddin Fazlullah (1247 - 1318), the Azerbaijani scientist Muhammad Nakhchivani (end of the 13th century - 2nd half of the XIV century) and others wrote about the economy, the administrative division of Azerbaijan, mountains and rivers, cities, the distance between them, trade routes. The Albanian (Caucasian) historian Musa Kalankatly (VIII - VIII centuries) in his work "Albanian History" described Albania as a glorious country, with rich nature, a large population, pointed to the presence in Albania of fertile lands, luxurious gardens and green fields. On the world map of the Venetian F. Mauro (1459), the maps of Alsharifi (1601), the German scientist and traveler A. Olearius (1647), as well as on the map "Eastern Transcaucasia and the Caspian Sea", compiled by order of Peter I (1720) and printed in 1723, the settlements of Azerbaijan, its lakes, rivers, etc. were indicated.
Azerbaijani geographer Abdurrashid Bakuvi expressed his opinion about the climate of Azerbaijan, the nature of Baku, Haji Zeynalabdin Shirvani and Abbasgulu aga Bakikhanov - about the geography of Azerbaijan. V. Abikh, I. Figurovsky, A. Zakharov and others also contributed to the study of the territory of Azerbaijan. A comprehensive study of the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan began during the years of Soviet power, maps of various scales, scientific atlases were created. The National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan plays a special role in the comprehensive study of the territory of the republic.
Historical and geographical position of the Republic of Azerbaijan
The ancient Azerbaijani land is located in Western Asia, covering the territories from the southeastern part of the Caucasus Mountains to the southern and southeastern mountainous territories of Lake Urmia. Its area is more than 200 thousand square kilometers.
Azerbaijan as a whole is located in the Eastern Hemisphere. Spain, Greece, Turkey, China, Korea are almost at the same latitudes as Azerbaijan. A number of important roads of international importance from Europe to the countries of Central and East Asia pass through the territory of Azerbaijan. The territory of the republic from north to south is 400 km, from west to east - 500 km. The country is located between 38° 25-41°55 north latitude and 44° 50-50°51 east longitude. Being at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, the republic has a unique geopolitical and geographical position, from ancient times to the present day it has been important for international economic and cultural relations.
Relief
The relief of the Republic of Azerbaijan is very diverse. Two forms of relief prevail here: lowlands and highlands.
About 60% of the territory of Azerbaijan is mountainous. The main geomorphological units of the republic - the Greater Caucasus, the Lesser Caucasus (together with the Karabakh plateau) and the Talysh mountains cover the Kura-Araz lowland from the north, west and southeast.
The average elevation of the republic is up to 400 meters. The amplitude of the heights of the land ranges from - 26.5 m (Caspian lowland) below the ocean level to 4466 m of absolute height (top of Bazardyuzyu). This means that it becomes clear that on the territory of the republic the difference in altitude is about 4500 meters.
The southeastern part of the Greater Caucasus belongs to Azerbaijan. There are two mountain ranges here: with the top of Bazarduzu (4466 meters) Main or watershed, with the top of Shahdag (4243 meters) Big or Side. To the southwest, the mountain ranges gradually decrease by 1000 - 700 meters. The main Caucasian ridge is surrounded by foothills: in the northwest - flat meadows, in the southeast - Gobustan, in the southwest - Alazan-Haftaran, in the northeast - the Gusar sloping plain.
The mountains are mainly formed from deposits of rocks of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, which are relatively less subject to denudation. The foothills are characterized by badlands (steppes of Jeyranchel, Ajynour) and mud volcanoes (Gobustan, Absheron). The Gusar plain and the Alazan-Haftaran valley are formed from a thick layer of crushed stone deposits of the fourth period.
The Lesser Caucasus covers the southwestern and western parts of the republic, has a relatively low elevation, consists of a number of ridges and meadows, is a mountainous area with a complex structure. The main mountain ranges are Murovdag, Shahdag and Zangezur. The Karabakh plateau, starting from the south of Murovdag to the Araz River, is located on arched cones of extinct volcanoes and lava of the fourth period. The Lesser Caucasus is formed from volcanogenic and deposited rocks of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
The Talysh Mountains are located on the southeastern outskirts of the country. They are mainly formed from deposits of the third period. The Talish Mountains form a transitional link from the Lesser Caucasus Mountains to the Elbrus Mountains (Iran), and consist of three main mountain ranges with a height of 2477 meters.
The Kura-Araz lowland covers the space between the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, the Talysh mountains. Being the largest intermountain lowland in the South Caucasus, it occupies the central part of the republic. The lowland between the Kura and Araz rivers is divided into 5 plains: Mugansuyu, Mil, Karabakh, Shirvan and Salyan.
To the north of the Absheron Peninsula, on the shores of the Caspian Sea, there is the Samur-Divichi lowland, which rests on the Gusar sloping plain. To the south of the Absheron peninsula, along the slopes of the Talysh mountains, there is a narrow strip of the Lankaran lowland. Most of the Kura-Araz, Samur-Divichi, Lankaran lowlands, as well as the Absheron Peninsula, are below the ocean level.
Climate
The climate of Azerbaijan is mainly influenced by the geographical position, relief and the Caspian Sea. Here there is a semi-desert climate, a climate of dry steppes, a subtropical, medium and cold climate. According to VVKeppen, 8 out of 11 climate types in the world are observed in Azerbaijan. Dry subtropical climate is characteristic of Absheron and the Kura-Araz lowland. Humid subtropical climate is observed only in the south of the Talysh mountains, it is typical for the foothill areas and the Lankaran lowland. The temperate climate, observed mainly in the forested uplands of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, is divided into dry, warm-temperate dry, warm-temperate humid and cold. A cold climate is observed on high mountain ranges, peaks of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, belts of alpine and subalpine meadows. While in the lowlands the average annual air temperature in the lowlands is 15°C, in mountainous areas it varies from 0°C and below. The temperature in July in the central plains is 27°, in the mountainous regions - 5°.
The absolute maximum is 43°, the absolute minimum is 30°. These high rates are observed in Nakhchivan and high mountains. Precipitation is also unevenly distributed throughout the country. During the year, less than 200 mm of precipitation falls on the Absheron Peninsula and on the Araz strip of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. In the Kura-Araz lowland, the amount of precipitation is observed in the amount of 200-300 mm, on the northeastern slopes of the Lesser and Greater Caucasus - 600-800 mm. On the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus, at elevations of 2000-2500 meters, precipitation reaches 1200-1500 mm. The greatest precipitation falls in the south of the Lankaran lowland and the slopes of the Talysh mountains - 1200-1700 mm.
The prevailing winds are in the northern (Absheron Peninsula), southwestern (Kura-Araz lowland) and southern (Lankaran lowland) directions.
Inland waters
The dense river network of the republic covered its territory like a blue web. There are 8400 large and small rivers in Azerbaijan. Of these, 850 have a length of more than 5 km. In total, 24 rivers have a length of over 100 km.
The Kura and Araz rivers are the largest rivers in the Caucasus and are the main sources of irrigation and hydropower. The Kura River originates on the northeastern slope of the Gyzylgyadik mountain, at a site of maximum elevation of 2740 meters. The Kura flows through the territory of Georgia, enters the territory of Azerbaijan. Flowing through the Kura-Araz lowland, it flows into the Caspian Sea. The total length of the Kura is 1515 km, on the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan its length reaches 906 km. The area of the basin is 188 thousand square kilometers. The Mingachevir, Shamkir and Yenikend reservoirs, dams, and hydroelectric power stations have been built on the Kura River. With the help of the Upper Karabakh and Upper Shirvan canals drawn from the Mingachevir reservoir, the lands of the Kura-Araz lowland are irrigated.
The Araz River originates on the territory of Turkey on the Bingol Range, near the city of Sabirabad (Sugovushan village) merges with the Kura. Its length is 1072 km, the basin area is 102 thousand square kilometers.
Samur is the largest river in the northeast of Azerbaijan. It originates in the territory of Dagestan, at an altitude of 3600 meters and flows into the Caspian Sea. Its length is 216 km, the basin area is 4.4 thousand square kilometers. Along with the Samur River, the Gusarchay, Gudyalchay, Vyalvyalachay, Sumgaitchay, Vilyashchay, Lankaranchay and Astarachay rivers also flow into the Caspian Sea.
There are quite a lot of mountain rivers in Azerbaijan, most of them are fed by snow and rain. The small rivers Balakyanchay, Talachay, Katekhchay, Kyurmyukchay, Kishchay and others, the course of which begins from the Greater Caucasus, in the Alazan-Ayrichay valley are connected with Alazan and Airichay.
Originating from the Lesser Caucasus Agstafachay, Tovuzchay, Asrikchay, Zyayamchay, Shamkirchay, Ganjachay, Kyuryakchay, Terterchay are connected to the Kura. Akerichay, Okhchuchay and Arpachay on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Nakhchivanchay, Alinjachay, Gilanchay, Ordubadchay flow into the Araz.
On the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan there are about 250 lakes with fresh and salt water, differing in terms of nutrition and formation. Of these, one can name glacial origin Tufangol, landslide and landslide origin Goygol, Maralgol, Garagol, Batabat; lakes Aggol, Sarysu, Mehman, Ajigabul, which appeared as a result of tectonic subsidence, the largest salt lakes - Ajynour, Boyukshor, Binagadi and others.
Vegetation cover
The territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan has a rich and rare flora. In a relatively small area, almost all types of plants common in the world are found. Approximately 450 species of higher, spore and flowering plants growing in Azerbaijan are united in 125 orders and 920 sexes. In terms of the total number of species, the flora of Azerbaijan, unlike other Caucasian republics, is richer. Plant species found in the territory of Azerbaijan account for 66% of the total number of plant species growing in the Caucasus. Along with plant species widespread in the Caucasus and other regions, the Azerbaijani flora contains about 240 endemic species that grow only in Azerbaijan and are characteristic of its relatively small areas.
The distribution of vegetation cover is determined by the physical and geographical formation of the region, the climatic conditions of modern lands, vertical zoning, and a number of other factors. So, in the lowland part of the republic, up to a 200-meter height, desert, semi-desert and wetland plant species are developed. The grouping of desert types of plants is observed mainly on the Caspian coast, southeastern Shirvan, Mil, Mugan and Shirvan plains. Depending on the salinity of the lands, such species as sarsazan, saltwort, petrosimonia are widespread here. The semi-desert vegetation cover is widespread in the Shirvan, Salyan, Mugan, Mil and Karabakh plains, as well as in the Araz, Jeyranchel, Gobustan plains; as a zonal formation, the sagebrush semi-desert constitutes an area advantage. Of the other formations, the most characteristic are Garagan (Kura-Araz) and Dengiz (Gobustan, Nakhchivan). Other plants most common in the semi-desert are bulbous bluegrass, Japanese brome, hard chaff, oriental mortuk, cereal grasses, and some herbs (Swedish, saltwort, potash, petrosimonia). These areas are characterized by tugai forests. The basis of forests, distributed mainly in the valleys of the Kura, Araz and Gabyrry rivers, are oak, maple, ash, willow and others.
On the plains at the foot of the mountains of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, at an altitude of 200 to 600, 700, sometimes 1200 meters, mainly annual and perennial xerophytic plants and bushes are common. At higher levels, at an altitude of 1200-1800 meters, there are forests. The total territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan is 86.6 million hectares. The total area of Azerbaijani forests is 1213.7 thousand hectares. Of these, the territory covered with forests is 989.5 thousand hectares, which is 11.4% of the total territory. There is approximately 0.12 ha per capita, which is 4 times (0.48 ha) less than the corresponding global average.
Although forests in Azerbaijan are small in area, they are rich in their species. 435 species of trees and bushes grow in the forests, 70 of which are endemic. Broad-leaved forests are typical for the entire territory of the republic. This type of forests is most widespread in the low and medium mountainous parts of the mountains of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, the Talysh mountains. At an altitude of 600-1600 meters, in many places they form a single belt. In other areas, the forests are in the form of meadows and stripes.
The forests consist of three types of trees - beech, hornbeam and oak. They make up 82.6% of the total forest cover. In addition to them, maple, linden, alder, poplar, willow, elm and other broad-leaved trees also grow. Coniferous (needle) trees make up 1.7% of all forests in the republic. 107 species of trees grow naturally in Azerbaijan, of which 7 are coniferous (needle). These include long-stemmed, hard-smelling and fruitful juniper, hook pine, Eldar pine, European black linden.
The Republic of Azerbaijan is considered the birthplace of rare species of trees and bushes. Black linden, as a relic plant of the third period, is a rare pearl of the forests. This tree is most common in the south of the Greater Caucasus (Gabala region), southeast (Pirgulu, Shamakhi region). Late-growing, but long-lived yew never occupied large areas. The natural homeland of the Eldar pine is the Eldar excavation of the Jeyranchel foothills. Relic and rare trees of the third period growing on the Talysh Mountains - iron tree, Lankaran acacia, chestnut-leaved oak, Caucasian persimmon, boxwood, Hyrcanian fig, Hyrcanian maple, zelkova, lapina - gifts of nature indescribable in beauty.
Animal world
Azerbaijan, with its inherent complex of fauna, is located at the junction of several zoogeographic poles. Here, some species of animals from neighboring territories - Iran, Central Asia, and the countries of the Mediterranean Sea - adapted to the local nature and enriched the fauna of the republic. Due to the diversity of natural conditions, the fauna of the Republic of Azerbaijan is also represented by various species. 97 species of mammals, 357 species of birds, 67 species of reptiles and amphibians, 97 species of fish, more than 15,000 invertebrates, 1 species of cyclostomes live on the territory of Azerbaijan.
The fauna of the flat parts is represented by numerous mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and birds.
Among mammals, one can meet here goitered gazelle, wild boar, wolf, fox, badger, jungle cat, hare and others; many species of insects, among birds - partridge, pheasant, eagle, turaja (mountain partridge), various ducks and geese, swans, kashkaldak, sultan chickens, curly-feathered gutan and other birds. In addition to animals living in the middle and elevated mountainous parts of the plains, these territories are characterized by the East Caucasian goat, Caucasian red deer, European goitered gazelle, Caucasian brown bear, bearded vulture, golden eagle, Caucasian falcon, Caucasian tetra, Caucasian snowcock and other representatives of the fauna. .
108 species of animals are listed in the "Red Book" of the Republic of Azerbaijan, including 14 species of mammals, 36 species of birds, 13 species of amphibians and reptiles, 5 species of fish and 40 species of insects.
Minerals of Azerbaijan
The territory of the republic is rich in minerals of three types: ore, non-metallic and fuel in origin.
Azerbaijan is known for its oil and gas fields. 2/3 of the republic's territory is rich in oil and gas. The largest number of oil and gas fields are located on the Absheron Peninsula, in the shelf zone of the Caspian Sea, the archipelago of Baku and Absheron. In addition, southeastern Shirvan, the central steppe zones, Gobustan, Jeyranchel, Ajynour, Siyazan are rich in oil.
Thanks to the world-famous Naftalan oil, many diseases are cured. The largest number of natural gas fields are located in Garadagh, the shelf zone of the Caspian Sea, Baku and the Absheron archipelago. The Lesser Caucasus is rich in ore deposits. There are deposits of iron, titanium, gold, silver, copper, cobalt, chromite, polymetals, molybdenum, etc. The largest deposits of iron ore are located in Dashkesan.
Of non-metallic deposits, Gobustan, Absheron and Tovuz limestone, Shakhtakhti travertine (Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic), Dashkesan marble, Upper Ajikend gypsum, and Hajiveli quartz sands are of great economic importance.
On the territory of Azerbaijan there are mineral springs with different chemical composition. According to the richness of their composition, the territory of Azerbaijan is called the “museum of mineral waters”. Istisu in the Kalbajar region, Badamli and Sirab in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are known far beyond the borders of Azerbaijan.
Mineral waters in the regions of Surakhani and Zykh of the Absheron Peninsula, Galaalty of the Divichi region, Turshsu in the Julfa region are distinguished by their healing properties. On the Talysh Mountains, the southern and northeastern slopes of the Greater Caucasus, the advantage is thermal waters.
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest drainless lake, plays an important role in the life of the Azerbaijani people and is unique in terms of physical and geographical indicators. Suffice it to say that the flora and fauna of the Caspian is rich in endemic species. So, 90% of sturgeons in the world, which differ in their antiquity from other fish species, are located in this sea.
The specificity of the geographical landscape has created favorable recreational conditions. The sea is located along the meridian in the form of the Latin letter S, located between 47 ° 17' East latitude and 36 ° 33' West longitude. The length of the Caspian Sea along the meridian is about 1200 km, the average width is 310, the largest and smallest latitudes are 435 and 195 km, respectively. Due to periodic changes in the level of the Caspian Sea, the level of its surface (mirror) and the volume of waters change. At present, the sea level is 26.75 m below the ocean level. At this sea level, its surface area is 392600 km2, the volume of water is 78648 km3, which is 44% of the total lake water resources in the world. In this regard, the maximum depth - 1025 meters, can be compared with the Black, Baltic and Yellow Seas, the Caspian is deeper than the Adriatic, Aegean, Tyrrhenian and other seas.
The Azerbaijani part of the water area covers the middle and southern parts of the sea; in terms of salinity, the Caspian differs significantly from the waters of the world ocean. The salinity of the water in the northern part is 5-6, in the middle and southern parts 12.6-13.5 ppm. Of the approximately 300 mud volcanoes existing in Azerbaijan, more than 170 are island and underwater volcanoes in the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea. There are especially many of them in the southern Caspian.
The uniqueness and diversity of natural conditions have become the reason that until now representatives of rare species of flora and fauna have been preserved in the Caspian Sea.
171 species of phytoplankton (algae), 40 species of zooplankton, 258 species of phytobenthos, 91 species of macrozoodenthos, 80 species and subspecies of fish from 14 families inhabit the Azerbaijani sea area.
By the number of fish species, the majority are cyprinids - 42 species, sprat - 17, salmon - 2, sturgeons consist of 5 species.
Of the ichthyofauna of the Caspian Sea, 4 breeds, 31 species and 45 subspecies are endemic. The majority of endemic species are registered in the Middle Caspian. Approximately 40 species and subspecies of fish are intended for catching. The basis of the total ichthyomass is sprat (80%), the rest is mullet, atherine and hul. Among the fish endangered and included in the "Red Book" of the republic are the Caspian lamprey, spotted fish, South Caspian porus (white-eye), chehon, sea sif. In recent years, the Caspian salmon, white salmon, khramula, shamayka, shibrit and garasol have become endangered. In the marine fauna of the Caspian Sea, the only mammal is the Caspian seal. It is the smallest of all available seals. The size of the population of the Caspian seal from 1.5 million at the beginning of the 20th century decreased by the end of the century to 300-400 thousand in 1993, the Caspian seal is listed in the Red Book.
On various biotypes of the Caspian Sea and coastal zones, 320 species of birds were recorded, of which 37 are waterfowl, 109 are near-water and 156 are land birds.
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT AZERBAIJANIAN ECONOMY
After the restoration of state independence in 1991, Azerbaijan began to exercise sovereign rights and pursue an independent policy in the economic sphere. The main direction of this activity was the creation of an economy system based on various forms of ownership, the transition to market relations and integration into the world economy.
Economic development since independence to the present day can be divided into two main stages. The first, covering 1991-1995, was a period of chaos or decline, the second, a period of macroeconomic stability and dynamic development of the economy, which began in 1996 and continues to this day.
As a result of the far-sighted policy and hard work of the national leader of the Azerbaijani people, Heydar Aliyev, despite the difficult starting point, in a short historical period after the restoration of state independence, very great success was achieved in the socio-economic development of the country and integration into the world economic system. The greatest achievement is that as a result of the process of independent state building carried out in the country during this period, a new model, in essence of development and economic reforms, emerged - the Azerbaijan model.
It is significant that the official basis for the implementation of the above model at the second stage of economic development was the political documents (concepts, strategies and programs) adopted in the Republic of Azerbaijan - (“Program of State Assistance to Small and Medium Enterprises in Azerbaijan (1997-2000)”, “State Program for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Republic of Azerbaijan (2002-2005)”, “State Program for the Development of the Machine-Building Industry in the Republic of Azerbaijan (2002-2005)”, “State Program for the Development of the Agrarian Sector in the Republic of Azerbaijan (2002-2005)”, 2006)”, “Concept of Demographic Development of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, “State Program for the Development of Tourism in the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2002-2005”, “State Program for Poverty Reduction and Economic Development (2003-2005)”, “State Azerbaijan Regions Socio-Economic Development Program Republic of Aidzhan (2004-2008), etc.), as well as a number of those under development (“Employment Strategy of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, “Integrated and Investing in the Non-Oil Sector”, etc.).
One of the most important directions of the economic policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan was the preparation of the oil strategy of an independent state, the author of which was the national leader of the Azerbaijani people, Heydar Aliyev. The implementation of the strategy began with the conclusion of a 30-year agreement on the joint exploitation of the Azeri, Chirag and deepwater Guneshli fields in the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea and the share distribution of produced oil, concluded between the State Oil Company of the Republic of Azerbaijan and 12 well-known oil companies ( Amoko, BP, McDermott, Unikal, Lukoil, Statoil, Exxon, Turkia Petrollary, Penzoil, Itochu, Remco, Delta) from a number of countries (USA, UK, Russia, Turkey, Norway, Japan, Saudi Arabia).
The day of September 20, 1994 entered with golden letters into the modern history of the independent Republic of Azerbaijan and will forever remain in the memory of present and future generations. The signing and implementation of the agreement, now known throughout the world as the "Contract of the Century", is a clear evidence of the implementation of the new oil strategy developed by Heydar Aliyev and constituting the concept of economic development of independent Azerbaijan.
On December 29, 1999, the national leader Heydar Aliyev signed the Decree "On the establishment of the State Oil Fund of the Republic of Azerbaijan".
The main meaning of the philosophy of the creation of the Oil Fund is to ensure a fair distribution between the generations of the oil wealth granted to the Azerbaijani people by the Almighty. If one of the goals set for the Fund is to concentrate and increase the income received from the sale of oil for future generations, then the other is to use these incomes for the benefit of current generations, taking into account the satisfaction of the current social needs of the country, progress and the needs of economic development.
Based on the wise decision of the great leader Heydar Aliyev, the first funds of the Oil Fund were used to finance activities aimed at improving the social and living conditions of the most disadvantaged and socially vulnerable category of refugees and internally displaced persons.
As a result of large-scale, fundamental reforms carried out in the country's economy, in 1995-2004, tangible results were achieved in the field of industry. Contracts on joint activities in oil and gas production concluded with large companies in developed countries on September 20, 1994 gave a powerful impetus to the accelerated development of the oil and gas industry. There is an increase in industrial production. We can say that as a result of tangible progress in all areas of production, incl. oil and gas, chemical and petrochemical, machine-building and metalworking, building materials production has significantly increased production. It should be noted that along with the mining industry, the processing industry has also developed. Over the past six years, production in the processing industries has grown 1.5 times, incl. in the food industry - by 43%, the production of wood products - 2 times, the production of paper products - by 30%, the production of chemical products - 2.5 times, the production of building materials - 5 times, metallurgy - 3 times.
In 1993-2003, more than 3 thousand new enterprises were opened and as of January 1, 2004 their number was 5536. As a result of the policy of "open doors" developed by the national leader, which continues to this day, the number of foreign and joint ventures operating in the country grew 3 times. Currently, there are 192 enterprises with foreign investments in Azerbaijan, representing 63 countries of the world. They have thousands of jobs. 74% of investments in the national economy in 2003 were in industry. As evidence of the growth of the non-state sector of the economy, one should consider a tangible increase in economic entities of a new formation, the expansion and dynamic development of small businesses, and the influx of individuals into the business sector.
A lot of work has been done in the direction of meeting the needs of the economy and the population in energy carriers. A striking manifestation of the special attention of the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev to this area is the “State Program for the Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2005-2015)” prepared by the Ministry of Industry and Energy and approved by Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan No. 635 dated February 14, 2004, which will ensure the energy security of the country and more effectively meet the growing demand for energy resources.
Agriculture, being at all times the main branch of the economy of Azerbaijan, played an important role in the development of the country and providing the population with necessary consumer goods. The adoption in 1995-1996 of the Laws "On the Fundamentals of Agrarian Reforms", "On the Reformation of State Farms and Kolkhozes", "On Land Reform" and other important legal acts made it possible to implement cardinal changes in the agro-industrial complex. Thus, for the first time in the space of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Law "On Land Reform" reflects the transfer of land to private ownership, its purchase and sale.
As a result of serious structural transformations in agriculture, everything was liquidated, including state farms and collective farms, agricultural enterprises, and their property was divided among the members of the farms. A small number of breeding, crop-growing and other such farms were left in state ownership. The acceleration of the formation in the village of a new type of property - peasant farming - created favorable conditions for the better organization of agricultural work and the development of the agricultural sector.
The reforms carried out in the agrarian sector of Azerbaijan, in their radicalism and pace, radically differed not only from the reforms in other areas of the country's economy, but also differed significantly from the reforms that were carried out in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. In addition, they played a special role in the formation of private property in the country and the development of entrepreneurship. Reforms in the banking system played an important role in eradicating the mistrust towards banks that arose in the first years of independence. Work has begun on modern banking construction in the country, measures have been taken to form a two-stage banking system, strengthen banks, and increase their authorized capital. Failing to get the job done and unable to withstand competition in a free market economy, weak banks self-liquidated. Although the number of banking institutions in the country decreased by 4 times, their total capital increased by 5 times.
One of the factors that ensure economic development is the dynamics of capital investment. Thus, investments aimed at capital investment, along with the growth of production, serve the construction and commissioning of new enterprises, educational facilities, healthcare, housing and other social facilities, and the creation of new jobs. For this reason, in the economic policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan, an increase in the volume of attracted investments every year, incl. foreign, occupies one of the primary places.
After the restoration of independence by Azerbaijan, great importance in foreign economic policy was given to relations with international financial-credit and economic institutions. Significant work has been done in this direction over the past period. Azerbaijan is a member of, one might say, all authoritative international structures, incl. since 1992 - the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, since 1999 - the Asian Development Bank, and constantly consults with these structures on economic problems, issues of transition to a market economy, uses their financial resources .
Thus, the results of reforms successfully carried out in a short period of time in all sectors of the country's economy once again clearly demonstrate the correct economic policy, persistently implemented by the leadership of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Azerbaijan- an inexpressibly picturesque country with its own unique "highlights". Azerbaijan is metaphorically called the “land of fires”, since its territory is rich in oil and gas deposits, close to the surface and torches of fire erupting from the ground. The amazing natural panoramas of this country are replete with contrasting views: here you can watch all 4 seasons at the same time! Luxurious architectural forms, skyscrapers growing upwards, the original modern urban style in a western style coexists with ancient buildings, ancient palaces and fortresses. And at first glance it is difficult to determine, but is it really an eastern country?
Primitive people settled the territory of modern Azerbaijan more than 1.5 million years ago, which was facilitated by a favorable climate and natural conditions. To this day, in some regions of Azerbaijan, evidence of the presence of ancient people in this territory has been preserved: a Zoroastrian temple Ateshgah, city Shamakhi(remember the Queen of Shamakhan sung by Pushkin?), Chukhur-Gabala, Sheki and, of course, the archaeological reserve Gobustan, famous for the huge number of carved images on stones - petroglyphs, whose age is 4-5 thousand years!
A completely different life is in full swing in the capital of Azerbaijan - the most beautiful Baku, the largest city in Caucasus and the largest port in Caspian Sea. The lively, brightly lit streets are lined with souvenir shops and themed shops, luxurious restaurants and cozy cafes. Here you can have a delicious meal, relax by smoking an incomparable hookah, and plunge into the dance to the oriental rhythms. Baku is very interesting to visit in terms of sights and historical places: Baku embankment, which is admired by every tourist who has fallen on it; Flag Square, the flagpole of which ranks second in the world in height; Old city(Icheri Sheher), scenes from famous Soviet films were filmed on its streets; "Fire Towers" - the tallest buildings in Azerbaijan, resembling 3 flames in their appearance; the most modern cultural Center them. Heydar Aliyev, whose design became the best in the world in 2014, and many others.
Welcoming and friendly Azerbaijanis are hospitable, open and always ready to help you if necessary. And how incomparable the taste of national dishes! Moreover, the masterpieces of Azerbaijani cuisine are also healthy - it is well known that the Caucasian peoples are among the long-livers of our planet.
Welcome to "fiery" Azerbaijan, its amazing contrasts will amaze you to the very heart!
Useful information for traveling in Azerbaijan
General information about Azerbaijan.
Location. Azerbaijan is located in the southeast of Transcaucasia. It borders with Russia, Georgia, Iran, Armenia and Turkey. In the east, the territory of Azerbaijan is washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea. Almost half of the territory of Azerbaijan has a mountainous relief. In the north - the ridge of the Caucasus, in the middle part - the Kura-Arak lowland, in the southeast - the Talysh mountains and the Lankaran lowland. The highest point in the country is Mount Bazarduzu (4466 m). Spain, Greece, Turkey and Korea are at latitudes similar to Azerbaijan.
Square. 86.6 thousand sq. km. The length of Azerbaijan from north to south is about 400 km, from west to east - about 500 km. The territory of Azerbaijan also includes small islands of the Caspian Sea (Baku and Absheron archipelagos).
Population. About 9.7 million people (2016 data). As of July 1, 2013, the urban population was 53.1%, while the rural population was 46.9%. Population density: 112 people/km2. Composition: 91.6% Azerbaijanis, 2% Lezgins, 1.4% Armenians, 1.3% Russians, 1.3% Talysh, less than 1% Avars, Turks, Tatars, Ukrainians, Kurds, Jews, etc.
Political structure. Azerbaijan is a democratic legal secular unitary republic. Part of the CIS. The system of state power of the Republic of Azerbaijan is based on the principle of separation of powers into legislative (Milli Majlis - National Assembly), executive (President) and judicial (courts of the Republic of Azerbaijan).
Administrative-territorial division. Territorially, Azerbaijan is divided into 66 regions, 11 cities and 1 autonomous republic - the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic.
Capital. The city of Baku with a population of more than 2.1 million inhabitants. Baku is the largest city in the Caucasus, the largest economic, industrial and scientific and technical center Transcaucasia and the largest port on the Caspian Sea.
Official language. Azerbaijani (Turkic group of languages). Russian is not an official language in Azerbaijan, but is actively used among residents of Baku and other large cities. However, outside the capital, the number of people who know Russian has declined significantly since the collapse of the USSR. The youth speaks English.
Currency unit. Azerbaijani manat. There are numerous exchange offices in the Republic where you can exchange currency at the current rate. Such points often operate around the clock in Baku, major cities and airports. In addition, money can be exchanged at banks and some hotels.
Religions. According to the Constitution, Azerbaijan is a secular state. Approximately 99.2% of the country's population is Muslim: about 85% are Shia Muslims, about 15% are Sunni Muslims. Orthodoxy is poorly spread in Azerbaijan, there are 6 Orthodox churches in the country, 3 of which are in Baku. Jewish communities are considered active and influential.
Standard Time Zone. UTC/GMT +4 hours.
Electricity. The voltage in the power grids of Azerbaijan is 220/240 volts, the current frequency is 50 Hz. Standard double plug socket (grounded).
Climate in Azerbaijan.
Best time to visit Azerbaijan - the period from April to June and September-October. The territory of Azerbaijan is interesting because it combines 9 climatic zones out of 11 existing in the world, from subtropics to high-mountain alpine meadows.
Azerbaijan has quite a large number solar days. The temperature regime is formed depending on the characteristics of the incoming air flows, the diversity of the relief and the degree of remoteness from the Caspian Sea. The average January temperature ranges from -10 °C in the highlands to +3 °C in the lowlands, and in July - from +5 °C to +27 °C, respectively. The temperature maximum in summer reaches +45°C, and in winter the temperature in mountainous areas drops to -40°C at night.
Strong winds from the north are typical, mainly in autumn. The amount of atmospheric precipitation varies from 200 mm per year in the foothills of the Caucasus to 1200-1700 mm per year in the Lankaran lowland.
| Average temperature indicators in Baku | ||||||
| Temp. | January | February | March | April | May | June |
| Max | 7˚ | 6˚ | ten | sixteen | 22˚ | 27˚ |
| Min | 2˚ | 2˚ | 4 | nine | fifteen | 20 |
| Temp. | July | August | September | October | November | December |
| Max | 31˚ | thirty | 26˚ | 20 | fourteen | ten |
| Min | 22˚ | 23˚ | nineteen | fourteen | nine | 5 |
How to dress in Azerbaijan.
When choosing a set of clothes for a trip to Azerbaijan, one should take into account the peculiarities of the climate depending on the season. For trips from May to September, it is better to give preference to light summer clothes made of cotton fabrics, and in winter you can not do without insulated jackets and raincoats. In the summer, be sure to bring sunscreen and a hat. During the excursions, you will need the most comfortable shoes, including sneakers or sneakers, especially when visiting rocky areas.
There are no strict rules when choosing clothes in Azerbaijan, especially in large cities. However, you should not wear provocative clothes: women should give up tight silhouettes, mini-skirts and deep necklines, and we recommend that men exclude shorts and sleeveless T-shirts from their wardrobe.
The locals themselves tend to dress in a businesslike way, women prefer elegant style, impeccable makeup and high heels.
When visiting religious places, it is obligatory to be dressed in modest closed clothes and have a scarf or scarf with you, and when entering the house of local residents, you must take off your shoes.
Azerbaijani cuisine.
The national cuisine of Azerbaijan is famous for the abundance of exquisite and unique dishes: meat, fish, vegetable, dairy and flour delicacies, brought to perfection by fragrant herbs and spices.
In Azerbaijan, bread is of paramount importance in the diet, which is treated with great respect. For example, if a piece of bread fell on the floor, it must certainly be picked up, kissed and asked for forgiveness. Bread is baked on a slightly convex iron sheet saj in tandoor designed for baking churek and lavash. It is popular to cook in spring and autumn gutab- thin crescent-shaped pies made of unleavened dough, stuffed with meat, herbs, cottage cheese, pumpkin, etc.
A special variety is characteristic of meat dishes, of which there are a great many in Azerbaijani cuisine. Widespread basturma(cured beef tenderloin) and shashlik, as well as thick lamb soups - drink and bozbash. Also popular Kelem Dolmasy- chopped lamb wrapped in cabbage leaves, mixed with rice and spices, yarpag dolmasy - lamb, eggplant and tomatoes wrapped in grape leaves, and kebab- finely chopped lamb, seasoned with onions and fragrant spices. Sadjem also called a meat dish made from lamb pieces in assorted vegetables.
In Azerbaijan, rice dishes are highly respected, especially pilaf, which has about 50 variations in the "land of fire". The favorite and most characteristic poultry dish is considered to be chygartma. As a rule, after dinner (especially after pilaf) they serve dovgu from sour milk and greens.
Azerbaijani cuisine is famous for its sweets, unsurpassed in taste characteristics, which no one, even the most indifferent to all sweet heart, can resist: nogul, tocsin, shekerbura, gata, baklava, kozinaki, halva, Turkish Delight, jellied figs and sherbet(water sweetened with honey). A significant place in the daily meals of Azerbaijanis has tea, which not only accompany the process of eating, but also precede it. First, tea is served, after which they offer to taste the second course. For tea, the table is set with sweet dishes: Baku baklava, jams from figs, dogwood, cherries, white cherries, walnuts and watermelon.
The cost of food in Azerbaijan.
The program of the traditional tour includes accommodation in hotels with breakfast. For your convenience, we can reserve places in restaurants. In case you prefer to do it yourself, we provide approximate prices, which may vary slightly in different regions.
Visa and registration.
Entry into Azerbaijan is carried out by overseas passport. For citizens of Russia and some CIS countries for up to 90 days visa-free regime of entry to Azerbaijan. You can find out more about the conditions for obtaining a visa to Azerbaijan, the list of required documents, the processing time and consular fees.
Please note that even if a tourist has an Azerbaijani visa, he may be denied entry to Azerbaijan if his passport contains a note about visiting Nagorno-Karabakh, the occupied territory of Azerbaijan.
For the entire stay in Azerbaijan, you must have an identity document with you, or a copy of it with a visa on entry into the country (for citizens of countries with a visa regime).
All foreign citizens staying in Azerbaijan for more than 10 days must undergo the procedure within 9 days from the date of arrival registration at the State Migration Service of Azerbaijan. To do this, you must personally or by e-mail submit to the State Migration Service a completed registration form, a copy of your passport and a copy of your visa (for citizens of countries with a visa regime). Hotels assist their guests in this procedure, but tourists staying in private apartments or hotels without a license need to go through the registration themselves. Registration is absolutely free, but failure to register may result in a fine of 300-400 manats.
Customs regulations of Azerbaijan.
To enter Azerbaijan, you must have a foreign passport with you, and it is also recommended to fill out customs declaration indicating the exact amount of cash. The declaration must be endorsed by the signature and seal of the Customs Service officer and kept until departure from Azerbaijan.
Import of foreign currency unlimited subject to the completion of the customs declaration. If you are importing less than $1,000 or less than that amount in another currency, you do not need to complete a customs declaration. Export of foreign currency permitted within the amount imported to Azerbaijan in accordance with the customs declaration.
You can import up to 1.5 liters of spirits and up to 2 liters of wine into Azerbaijan (for persons over 16 years old). To take out antiques and carpets from Azerbaijan, you need to have a special permit from official services. It is allowed to take out up to 125 gr. caviar, 3 packs of cigarettes and a quantity of medicines that is sufficient for their own needs.
Azerbaijan currency.
The national currency of Azerbaijan is Azerbaijani manat(AZN). Banknotes of denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 manats, as well as coins of 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50 qepiks are in circulation. 1 manat is equal to 100 qepiks. You can exchange currency 
in banks, hotels and numerous currency exchange offices. Exchange offices often work around the clock (in Baku, major cities and airports). When exchanging money for more than 500 dollars, you must present an identity card. The rate of the National Bank may differ from the rate of private banks. To check the real exchange rate at the time of the trip, we recommend that you refer to the resource of the International Bank of Azerbaijan.
ATMs are available only in large cities of Azerbaijan. In the center of Baku, they can be found at every step. There is at least one ATM even in the smallest regional center. Banks in Baku are open from 9:00-9:30 to 17:00. On public holidays and weekends, banks and their branches in hotels do not work, so you can exchange currency only at the Republic Bank on duty.
Credit cards Master Card or Visa in Azerbaijan can be used in boutiques, expensive restaurants and large hotels. Credit cards are not accepted in some grocery stores, cafes, hotels and boarding houses. Using credit cards in the province is almost impossible.
Photography in Azerbaijan.
Azerbaijan is replete with captivating views and mesmerizing panoramas that cannot be left unimpressed. In this country, it is allowed to carry out ordinary tourist photography and video filming. The exception is the subway, airports, bus stations, oil refineries, factories and other protected objects that are prohibited for photography. Additional photography fees may apply.
Tipping in Azerbaijan.
In many large restaurants in Baku, the percentage for service is indicated on the menu, usually 5-10% of the bill. If there is no mention of this, then 10% can be added to the invoice amount (sometimes in advance, this will speed up the service). At the same time, some cafes leave the right for their customers to decide whether to leave a tip or not. If you really liked the way you were served, it would be appropriate to thank the waiter for 10% of the amount indicated on the bill.
You can leave 5-10 manats to the porter at the airport or hotel, depending on the amount of luggage. It is not customary to tip in a taxi, you should negotiate the fare in advance. Please note that taxi drivers usually do not accept currency.
Remember the opportunity to bargain, especially in the markets and in private stores - you can easily bring down the price by 2 times!
Souvenirs of Azerbaijan.
Azerbaijan is famous for its inimitable art folk crafts. You will definitely not puzzle over what to bring with you to your homeland from a trip to this bright and hospitable land. The decision will come to you as 
Just take a look at the souvenir shops. From this sea of outlandish little things, without any doubt, you will find something that will appeal to your soul. The most important souvenir of Azerbaijan are considered carpets, as well as unique Azerbaijani carpet bags, carpet coasters for teapots and cups. Valuable old carpets cannot be exported from the country, but it is quite possible to purchase a brand new carpet with an unusually beautiful pattern. You can learn more about this from your guide before making a purchase.
A wonderful souvenir will be pear-shaped glasses "armuda"(crystal and painted with color patterns), in which tea stays hot for a long time, as well as white cherry jam. This unusual treat for your favorite sweet tooth can be bought in stores in tightly sealed jars, which guarantees a long-term preservation of the delicacy.
You can add a "zest" to your cuisine by bringing original tablecloth with buta- national Azerbaijani pattern, as well as copper utensils. Tablecloths are made of dense fabric with gold embroidery, they look elegant, practical and easy to wash. Copper is used in Azerbaijan to produce wine jugs, chased plates, vases and samovars, which are used not only as a decorative item, but also for their intended purpose.
The souvenir market of Azerbaijan abounds with jewelry, ceramics, wood carvings (pay attention to handmade backgammon), national costume items, local silk products, batik painted products and, of course, wines.
Among this ocean of various souvenirs there is a whole sea of pleasant gifts for children of different ages. Be prepared for the fact that children in souvenir shops will want to buy absolutely everything! Well, take a spare suitcase with you for souvenirs.
National holidays in Azerbaijan.
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Public holidays:
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Religious holidays with changing dates: |
State symbols of Azerbaijan: flag, coat of arms and anthem.
consists of three horizontal equal-sized bands of blue, red and green. In the middle of the red stripe on both sides of the flag are a white crescent and an eight-pointed star. The aspect ratio of the flag of the Republic of Azerbaijan is 1:2. The blue color reflects the Turkic origin of the Azerbaijani people. The red color symbolizes the orientation towards building a modern society and developing democracy. Green is the color of Islam. The Azerbaijani tricolor is a symbol of the Turkic national culture, modern democratic society and Muslim civilization.
The crescent on the flag symbolizes Islam as well as the Turkic peoples. The eight-pointed star personifies 8 branches of the Turkic-speaking peoples and 8 letters of the name "Azerbaijan" in the Arabic alphabet. There is a version according to which the eight-pointed star means 8 traditional peoples living in Azerbaijan.
Coat of arms of Azerbaijan represents an oriental shield against the background of an arc woven from green oak branches and yellow wheat ears. The shield symbolizes the military power of the state and heroism, the branches of the oak - glory and strength, the antiquity of the state, and the ears - fertility and abundance. In the center of the coat of arms on the shield, against the background of the colors of the flag of Azerbaijan, there is a white eight-pointed star, in the heart of which a red fire burns, symbolizing the "land of fire" - Azerbaijan. Fire in heraldry means progress, and this symbol also reminds of the fire worship of Azerbaijanis in ancient times and the traditions associated with the worship of fire (Novruz holiday). The state emblem of Azerbaijan embodies the independence of the Azerbaijani state.
Anthem of Azerbaijan was adopted on May 27, 1992 after the restoration of Azerbaijan's independence. Words by Ahmed Javad, music by Uzeyir Gadzhibekov.
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Original text: Azərbaycan! Azərbaycan! Minlərlə can qurban oldu, Sən olasan gülustan, Namusunu hifz etməyə, Şanlı Vətən! Şanlı Vətən! |
Translating to Russian language: Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan! Thousands of us who fell in battle Let your gardens bloom! Be glorified, be glorified by a proud fate, O bright land, cherished land, |
Telephone codes in Azerbaijan.
Azerbaijan international code: +994 (8-10 994)
Telephone codes of city lines of large cities of Azerbaijan.
Leading mobile operators in Azerbaijan:
| Azercell Telecom GSM standard International code: +994 050/051 www.azercell.com |
Bakcell GSM and UMTS standard International code: +994 055 www.bakcell.com |
Nar Mobile (Azerfon) GSM standard International code: +994 070/077 www.nar.az |
Foreign embassies and consulates in Azerbaijan.
There are 51 embassies and consulates of various countries of the world in Baku.
Embassies and consulates of Azerbaijan abroad.
Azerbaijan has 60 diplomatic missions in Europe and Asia, as well as in Canada and North Africa.
Reference services of Azerbaijan.
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Information and reference service of Azerbaijan "119" |
Information office in Baku |
Information bus station |
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Airport information |
Reference railway station |
All cities of Azerbaijan
History of Azerbaijan
Life on the territory of Azerbaijan was in full swing, starting from the II century BC. And we are not talking about a handful of disparate tribes, but about completely independent states like Caucasian Albania. In the 8th century, the Arabs came here and began to plant their own culture and religion among the population.
Since the 11th century, the Azerbaijani lands were conquered and reconquered by stronger powers - the Seljuk Empire, the Ildegizid State, as well as the descendants of the Tatar-Mongol ruling dynasties. Subsequently, Turkic nomads were also noted here, who played a significant role in the formation of the Azerbaijani people.
In the 16th century, the territories of Transcaucasia became part of the Safavid state, ruled by the Iranian Shah. The empire did not last long and collapsed in 1722, and then Azerbaijan was divided into small khanates, which gradually joined Russia in the 19th century: partly voluntarily, partly during military operations.
After the October Revolution, Azerbaijan tried to secede from the Land of Soviets, declaring itself a democratic republic. However, attempts to gain independence were suppressed, and in 1920 the state became part of the USSR, which he managed to leave only in 1991, after the collapse of the Union. Another important historical milestone occurred at the end of the 80s. A military conflict broke out in Azerbaijan between the indigenous population and the Armenians, which resulted in the appearance of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic on the political map of the world.
Climate. Best time to travel
Azerbaijan is nine natural zones and gradual transitions from subtropical climate to mountainous tundra. So, when planning a tour of the country, give up hope for the stability of the weather - surprises in the form of temperature changes and precipitation are inevitable. The optimal time for excursions in Azerbaijan is the period from mid-May to mid-October. Moreover, if the purpose of the trip is to get acquainted with the architectural heritage and only, it is more expedient to exclude the summer months from this period. Ideally, it is better to postpone the inspection of historical monuments altogether to September-October, when the scorching heat subsides and walks in the open air cease to be a test of endurance.
Those who come to Azerbaijan to relax on the Caspian Sea, it is recommended to book a hotel for July-August. These are the hottest months in the local year (the thermometer stays at +32...+38 °C), when you can safely splash in the water and improve your diving skills. June in the Republic is also warm, attracting sunbathers and adherents of balneotherapy to the coast. In general, in terms of climate in Azerbaijan, it is most comfortable in the Caspian zone. In the mountainous regions, the weather conditions are no longer so resort-like, and winters are much colder, with strong winds and snowstorms.
Population and language barrier
Most of the indigenous population professes Islam, although other religions are also not oppressed. Moreover, Azerbaijan gives the impression of being the most loyal and tolerant of all Muslim states. As for interaction with local residents, it does not cause difficulties if the traveler does not go for provocations. So feel free to ask passers-by for help and check the names of the streets with the schoolchildren you meet along the way - in 9 cases out of 10 you will be politely answered, or even offered to take you to the desired object.
Well, very persistent hospitality, as well as the desire to show off a little, are essential components of the Azerbaijani mentality, which at first lead to slight bewilderment. Expensive gadgets in hand, jewelry with precious stones the size of a medium-sized cobblestone for local residents is not a luxury, but an urgent need that helps to prove to others their worth.
The state language in the country is Azerbaijani, but mutual understanding with the population is ensured in Baku and other large cities. Representatives of the older generation are still nostalgic for Soviet times and willingly chat in Russian (yes, Azerbaijanis are a terribly talkative people). Advanced youth in the study of the great mighty did not succeed, but almost always speaks in English.
Attractions and entertainment
The first rule of a tourist in Azerbaijan is not to identify the whole country with Baku. The administrative center of the Republic is a cheerful, contrasting city, and, of course, worthy of a separate excursion. However, the real Azerbaijan is still located outside the capital - in small villages and mountain villages.
All sights of Azerbaijan
5 things to do in Azerbaijan
- Walk around Old Baku and find the street where the creators of the comedy "The Diamond Arm" filmed the iconic scene at the "Istanbul" pharmacy.
- Listen to the melodies of singing stones in the Gobustan reserve.
- To visit the descendants of the biblical Noah - the kyats. Representatives of this nationality live in the mountain village of Khanylag, famous for its ascetic life and stone houses hung with satellite dishes.
- Take a selfie against the backdrop of Baku taxis, which are one to one London cabs, and then surprise your friends with photos from an imaginary trip to England.
- Ingratiate yourself with local housewives and ask for a secret recipe for pies-kutab, which for Azerbaijanis is the same as pizza for Italians.
Resorts of Azerbaijan
In Azerbaijan, you can count not only on the healing mountain air and sea bathing, but also on medical programs. The main resort of the country is Naftalan. It is here that guests use the famous Azerbaijani oil, or rather its local variety, which has a unique chemical composition and has proven itself as the main component of body wraps and baths. According to doctors, the oil substance has a beneficial effect on the nervous, immune and endocrine systems, and also actively fights against skin ailments. At the same time, Naftalan's main specialization is disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Proof of this is the Museum of Crutches, all the exhibits in which, according to the guides, were left by healed patients.
Another Azerbaijani resort is located in the place of Galaalti, where seven healing springs come to the surface. The composition of the local mineral water is identical to the one for which those who wish to receive medical treatment go to Truskavets, but with a slight difference: the reserves of healing moisture in the Galaalta deposits will last for several decades, while in the Ukrainian resort some of the sources have already dried up. Treatment in the sanatorium complexes of Galaalti is recommended for people suffering from gastroenterological diseases and urolithiasis. As a visual confirmation - the "board of honor" of one of the resort health resorts, where capsules with kidney stones that left the patient's body after drinking Galaalta mineral water are posted.
The second mineral capital of Azerbaijan is Nakhichevan. This is where you can pacify neglected asthma and taste the local analogues of Borjomi and Narzan. Another healing factor of the resort is the Duzdag salt caves. Mysterious stone halls are located underground, on the territory of the therapeutic center of the same name and are used in the treatment of broncho-pulmonary ailments. Lankaran remains an equally popular resort - the subtropical climate, combined with the proximity of the Caspian Sea, work wonders, healing no worse than oil and mineral water.
beach holiday
To come to Azerbaijan in the summer and not swim means to deprive yourself of a good rest, especially since the situation with the beaches here is more than pleasant. If you need soft sand under your feet and developed infrastructure - welcome to the Absheron Peninsula, to the villages neighboring Baku - Mardakan, Novkhany, Bilgah, Buzovna, Pirshagi and others. The only caveat: during the season, the purity of water in some locations leaves much to be desired (there is nothing to oil rigs), so it is better to travel around the villages to choose the most acceptable option.
But it’s better not to meddle with the once popular beach areas in the Shikhovo, Turkan and Hovsan areas. An inspection carried out by the Ministry of Ecology showed that the percentage of harmful substances in local waters exceeds the permissible limit. Approximately the same situation is in Sumgayit, famous for its twenty fully equipped beaches with shell cover. In 2019, the coastline of the resort town was blacklisted by Azerbaijani environmentalists and it is not known when it will leave it.
Relatively clean and well-maintained shore on the territory of Lankaran. The coating on the city beaches is of an anti-glamorous black and gray hue due to the high content of volcanic ash, but there are not so few people who want to lie on it. The main reason for the popularity of "Gothic" beaches is the healing properties of sand, on which it is strongly recommended to relax resort guests with cardiovascular ailments.
Important point: Lankaran is a city where Muslim traditions are strong like nowhere else in Azerbaijan, so the beaches here are divided into separate areas for women, men and families. Keep this in mind when you are going to sunbathe in urban areas, and do not try to break into areas where people of the opposite sex are relaxing.
Another beach mini-paradise of the country is the resort village of Nabran, built up with camp sites, and the village properties are not limited to the clear sea and convenient approaches to it. Relic forests teeming with various living creatures come close to Nabran. It is also full of swamps and ponds where you can catch and release freshwater turtles.
Ski resorts
Recently in Azerbaijan you can go skiing and snowboarding. Ski tourism in the country began to develop in the 2000s (the first complex opened in 2012), but some heights in this matter have already been reached. About 200 km from Baku is the country's largest ski resort - Shahdag. 17 kilometers of slopes of all difficulty levels, 12 lifts, 160 artificial snow generators - all this can be found on the territory of the complex. In addition, Shahdag has its own ski school, sports equipment rentals, hotels, shops and even restaurants. In the summer, when the skis are stored in the pantry until the next season, the resort is converted into a tourist center. So if you are drawn to picturesque places (the complex is located in a protected area), or just ride horses and ATVs, you will be looked forward to in Shahdag.
The second ski resort of Azerbaijan, called Tufandag, is still actively expanding and being completed, but everyone is allowed to try their luck on its jumps. In total, the complex has 10 pistes, 5 cable cars and enough snow cannons to ensure a decent quality of cover throughout the season. "Tufandag" is located 4 km from the city of Gabala and is ready to receive and simultaneously accommodate up to 3000 guests.
Azerbaijani cuisine
Meat (it is better not to look for pork in a Muslim country) and seasonal vegetables in various variations - this is how the meal of an Azerbaijani faithful to gastronomic traditions looks in general terms. But vegetarians and other healthy lifestyle people will have a hard time - Caucasian culinary specialists season everything that falls into their field of vision with fat tail fat, thanks to which the calorie content of national specialties skyrockets.
Along with the already international kebabs, pilaf and dolma, do not ignore the not so famous, but no less tasty kutabs (flattened pies with meat and vegetable filling), dyushbara (appetizing dumplings in beef broth), saj (roast lamb with vegetables, served on a sizzling skillet). Soups in the cuisine of Azerbaijan also have a place, but often they are an intermediate option between the first and second courses. Mandatory, if not for eating, then for tasting: khash, okroshka ovdukh, bozbash.
The assortment of pastries and desserts is not so outstanding, but if there is an urgent need for simple carbohydrates, baklava, Turkish delight, mutaki and kete cookies, badambur pies, plus a couple of similar desserts are at your disposal. In addition, in Azerbaijan you can discover interesting varieties of jam that you rarely see on the Russian table - from white cherries, peaches, walnuts, watermelons, feijoa. They always drink jam with tea, without which not a single meal in the country can do.
There are enough places in Azerbaijan where you can really dine or just have a snack. It is better for a poor tourist to entrust digestion to small family restaurants, cozy teahouses, as well as fast food kiosks. If the travel budget allows you not to count the spent, you can take a good walk in Chayki or NUR. by Eleven. The menu of both establishments includes dishes of national cuisine, diluted with interesting European improvisations. Fans of Mediterranean and Asian food can wander through the streets of Baku in search of cafes where guests are treated to risotto, paella and sushi - there are many of them here.
Where to stay
Hotels of international chains such as Hilton and Sheraton in Azerbaijan are found only in Baku. The vast majority of five-star hotels are also located here, prices for a double room in which start from 215 AZN (approximately 8000 RUB). A day's stay in the capital's "treshka" is approximately 27-55 AZN, in hostels - from 10 AZN (a bed in a dormitory).
In resort towns like Naftalan and Nakhichevan, sanatoriums and spa resorts remain a popular type of accommodation. Depending on the level of medical services provided, the cost of living in them can range from 48 (full board for one in a small spa hotel) to 255 AZN. By the way, before booking, it is advisable to study the websites of the hotels you like in order to be aware of what additional bonuses are included in the price. For example, some Naftalan sanatoriums operate on an all-inclusive basis, but in some places you will have to pay extra for medical and recreational procedures.
Accommodation on the territory of the ski resorts of Azerbaijan costs a pretty penny, but if you by all means need a hotel within walking distance from the ski slopes, these options can be considered. For example, Shahdag hotels accept only those guests who are not sorry to pay 160 AZN for a double room. If the travel route runs mainly through provincial cities, the private sector will be an excellent accommodation option, where you can rent a room or a whole house for a family. For the money it turns out more profitable than a hotel room.
Cellular and Internet
You can get a local SIM card if you have a passport. The most popular operators promising the best coverage in Azerbaijan are Azercell, Bakcell and Nar. But keep in mind that Azercell has higher rates, while its competitors always have great deals aimed at guests of the country. However, Azercell has another feature that allows it to remain the most demanded operator of the Republic - this is an extensive coverage area and high quality of communication. Therefore, if trips to the provinces are coming, it is more advisable to overpay a little for the reliability of the connection. Otherwise, you run the risk of constantly seeing the inscription “No network” on the smartphone’s display.
You can buy prepaid tariffs for all three in branded communication stores. True, it is better to do this not at the airport and not in the tourist areas of Baku, where the cost of a SIM card can double or even triple. It is more convenient to replenish a mobile account through ATMs, terminals, as well as using express payment cards, which are easy to find at points of sale of a mobile operator.
An alternative to mobile phones is payphones. There are few of them in Azerbaijan, but on the avenues of big cities, as well as at bus stations, you will surely find the coveted retro device. Payphone calls are paid for with special cards, which are sold at supermarket checkouts and in any post office.
Free Wi-Fi in Azerbaijan can be found in city hotels and airports. All access points belonging to cafes, stations, parks are paid. For this reason, it is better to pay a little extra and purchase a local SIM card with an included internet package, since there are always plenty of such options.
Money
All cash payments are made in Azerbaijani manats (AZN). 1 AZN is 38.39 RUB (the current exchange rate for August 2019). As for currency exchange, it can be done at bank branches and official exchange points. The main thing to remember: the farther from the tourist attractions, train stations and airports the institution is located, the more favorable the course is offered. Another life hack for those visiting the country for the first time: it is better to come to Azerbaijan not with rubles, but with dollars or at least euros - they are exchanged at a more pleasant rate.
Finding an ATM in major cities is not a problem. In extreme cases, you can look into any bank and cash out funds there - the machines issue a choice of manats or dollars. A small supply of cash in the wallet for a tourist is an urgent need. Credit cards in Azerbaijan are calculated only in large hotels and shopping centers. Family restaurants, private shops and guesthouses prefer banknotes.
Tips in the country are included in the bill and amount to 5-10% of the order. In some establishments, customers are given the opportunity to thank the staff for the service themselves, but in this case it is not customary to leave less than 10% of the amount in the check. Porters and maids expect from tourists a "compliment for their work" in the amount of 5 AZN. Taxi drivers do without tips, but they are often tricky with the final amount of the trip, so be extremely careful and agree on payment before getting into the car.
shopping
Not to say that there is no high-end shopping in Azerbaijan as such - there are enough fashionable boutiques and outlets in Baku. However, the bulk of the tourist mass is bought here not at all by Bulgari and Versace, but by authentic local goods - carpets, herbs, wine. National items of clothing and accessories are in high demand: pointed slippers a la Little Muk (chariks), jorabs (woolen socks), carpet handbags.
As a gift to the beautiful half, you can bring products made of Azerbaijani silk, ranging from colorful kelaghayi scarves to vintage clutches. Copper utensils, pear-shaped glasses of armuda, backgammon, home linen textiles, souvenir bottles of oil - all this colorful variety can be purchased on a tour of the shops and shopping centers of the country. Of the local yummy, black caviar, pomegranate sauce, wine (“Akstafa”, “Gyuzel”, “7 Beauties”), cognac (“Old Baku”, “Babek”, “Ganja”), Azerbaijani tea and jam for it remain in priority , as well as ready-made mixtures of spices.
The most memorable and emotional shopping is obtained in the Baku markets - Teze Bazaar, Yashyl, Nasimi market. You can and should bargain, at the same time you will learn more about the product of interest: “this is how my grandfather made cheese / baklava / jam” is the most compelling argument among local merchants. If you want to walk around the shopping centers, in Baku 28 Mall
Stores that support the Tax free system will help save a little on purchases. To return 18% (this is the VAT rate in Azerbaijan) of the purchase price, his check must be at least 300 AZN. At the same time, it will not be possible to return VAT on food products, excise goods, medicines and auto parts.
It is allowed to export purchases from the territory of Azerbaijan within 90 days. The main thing is to provide unpacked goods at the customs point, your own passport and an invoice issued in the store (if you want to return VAT). After the control has been passed and the appropriate stamp has been received, you can contact bank branches to receive the due Tax free.
Important point: before Tax free is credited to your account, 20% will be deducted from its amount - this is the cost of customer service, which includes operator and bank services.
Security
Nothing threatens a tourist in Azerbaijan. True, there are several nuances that are better taken into account when walking along city and rural streets. In particular, do not take photographs of passers-by without obtaining their permission. Filming of the local subway, government buildings and funiculars is also prohibited. Representatives of the fair half should not forget that they are, albeit in a very tolerant, but still Muslim country, where they react instantly to ultramini and open cleavage. And of course, no shorts and tops when visiting the mosques and mausoleums of Lankaran. It is better for women to cover their heads and wear a closed dress. The religious "dress code" for men is trousers and a shirt.
When communicating with Azerbaijanis, avoid the topic of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, otherwise you risk making serious enemies for yourself. And in general, it is better not to talk about Armenia and Armenians in this country. With local police, you should behave very carefully, keeping your passport ready. Despite the fact that Azerbaijan is the safest of the countries of the Caucasus, it also remains the most corrupt, so do not give law enforcement officers a reason to find fault with your behavior. If one of the locals invites you to visit, the invitation should be accepted according to the rules of good manners. Refusals are not liked here, perceiving them as a personal insult.
Customs and visa information
For a tourist trip to Azerbaijan, you need to take out insurance. But a visa is not required, provided that the period of stay in the country does not exceed 90 days.
Important: There are a lot of horror stories on the Internet about tourists who went to Armenia, as well as the unrecognized Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, who were then not allowed into Azerbaijan. In fact, not everything is so sad. Undoubtedly, people who have a visit to both countries in their documents are checked at the border with more suspicion. However, entry bans are not imposed as often as they are told. However, this is still no reason to demonstrate an enthusiastic attitude towards Armenia and especially towards Nagorno-Karabakh in the presence of Azerbaijani border guards - you run the risk of immediately going to your native land.
The list of goods prohibited for import / export is standard - drugs, pornographic materials, weapons. With purchases from Azerbaijan, they are released without problems, unless it is antiques - for collectible exhibits, you will have to obtain a special permit plus pay a tax. In general, it is better to purchase any goods of artistic value in specialized stores, where a certificate from the Ministry of Culture is issued along with the purchase, exempting the buyer from paying tax. Black caviar, which our compatriots in Azerbaijan are so chasing, can also be exported, but the weight of the delicacy should not exceed 600 g.
Transport
Intercity transport in Azerbaijan is represented by trains, electric trains, buses and minibuses. Buses and trains run strictly according to the schedule, but in the case of minibuses, you have to wait until you fill the cabin with passengers. Tourists who book hotels in advance, it is better to immediately clarify the issue with the transfer. Some Azerbaijani hotels send buses and cars for their guests, some do not.
You can move within the cities by buses and minibuses, which run at intervals of 5-10 minutes. Tickets are purchased from the driver of the vehicle. Baku has a subway with three lines, open from 06:00 to midnight. Another option for moving within the city and beyond is a taxi. Cars can be caught on the streets or called by phone. True, you will have to come to terms with the fact that all taxi companies have their own prices.
Helpful information: to less bother with buying tickets for public transport in the Azerbaijani capital, purchase BakıKart. This is a type of rechargeable e-pass, with which you can ride both the metro and Iveco buses owned by Baku Bus. BakıKart are sold in the metro, as well as in terminals at bus stops.
Rent a Car
It makes sense to rent a car in Azerbaijan when you have to inspect peripheral places and protected areas. If the purpose of the trip is the capital of the country, it is better to limit yourself to taxi and public transport services. Considering the peculiarities of national driving (Baku residents love to go wild) and the abundance of narrow streets in the old districts, it will be calmer this way. By the way, the farther from Baku, the lower the quality of the road surface, so do not be surprised by pits and potholes. This is common in the provinces.
On the other hand, there are no toll roads in the Republic, and things are not bad with free parking - there are parking lots with hourly payment only in the capital, as well as traffic jams. Going to get acquainted with the national color in remote villages and villages, be prepared to meet pets. Sheep flocks and cow herds moving through the asphalt are a common thing in the countryside. In mountainous areas, light ice on the roads can also be a surprise.
There are both international and local rental offices in the country. Prices in both the first and second differ, but, as a rule, slightly. On average, you can rent an economy class car for 80 AZN per day, but the longer the rental period, the lower the rate. Often there are profitable offers within 50-60 AZN per day, provided that the vehicle will be operated by the client for a week. Consider the fact that some companies do not rent a car to foreigners for less than two days.
Requirements for tourists renting a car: age from 23 years old (in some places - from 25 years old), a year of driving experience, as well as an international driving license and a passport. Some companies impose restrictions on the maximum age of the driver and do not cooperate with citizens over 75 years old. A prerequisite for car rental in Azerbaijan is a refundable deposit, which in reputable companies is blocked on a credit / debit card, and in simpler offices it is charged in cash.
How to get there
Derbent to the Azerbaijani border.
When the great Russian poet Sergei Yesenin left Baku in 1925, he wrote that he felt "sadness", i.e. it is difficult for him to part with hospitable Azerbaijan. Since then, Azerbaijan has changed a lot, but the people have remained the same - very hospitable. Tourists in Azerbaijan are waiting for beautiful mountains, delicious cuisine, the Caspian Sea, ancient cities, and, of course, hot and mineral springs.
Geography of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan is located in the Transcaucasus, where Western Asia intersects with Eastern Europe. Azerbaijan borders on Russia in the north, Georgia in the northwest, Armenia in the west, and Iran in the south. In the east, Azerbaijan is washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea. The total area of this country, including the Nakhichevan enclave, is 86,600 square kilometers. km., and the total length of the state border is 2,648 km.
In the north of Azerbaijan there is the Greater Caucasus Range, in the center of the country there are vast plains, and in the southeast - the Talysh Mountains. In general, mountains occupy about 50% of the entire territory of Azerbaijan. The highest point is the peak of Bazarduzu, whose height reaches 4,466 meters.
There are more than 8 thousand rivers in Azerbaijan, and all of them flow into the Caspian Sea. The longest river is the Kura (1,515 km), and the largest lake is the Sarysu (67 sq. km.).
Capital of Azerbaijan
The capital of Azerbaijan is Baku, which is now home to more than 2.1 million people. Archaeologists believe that people lived on the territory of modern Baku already in the 5th century AD.
Official language
The official language in Azerbaijan is Azeri, which belongs to the Oguz subgroup of the Turkic languages.
Religion
About 95% of the population of Azerbaijan consider themselves Muslims (85% are Shia Muslims and 15% are Sunni Muslims).
State structure of Azerbaijan
According to the current Constitution of 1995, Azerbaijan is a presidential republic. Its head is the President, elected for 5 years.
In Azerbaijan, the local unicameral Parliament is called the National Assembly (Milli Məclis), it consists of 125 deputies. Deputies of the National Assembly are elected by popular vote for 5 years.
The main political parties in Azerbaijan are the New Party of Azerbaijan, the Equality Party and the National Unity.
Climate and weather
The climate in Azerbaijan is very diverse, due to its geographical location. The mountains and the Caspian Sea have a great influence on the climate. The climate is subtropical in the foothills and plains of Azerbaijan. In Baku in July and August, the daytime air temperature often reaches +38C, and at night it drops to +18C.
The best time to visit Azerbaijan is mid-April - end of August.
Sea in Azerbaijan
In the east, Azerbaijan is washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea, the coastline is 800 km. Azerbaijan owns three large islands in the Caspian Sea. By the way, the peoples who lived at different times in the region of the Caspian Sea gave it a total of about 70 names. This sea has been called the Caspian Sea since the 16th century.
Rivers and lakes
More than 8,000 rivers flow through the territory of Azerbaijan, but only 24 of them are longer than 100 km. There are very beautiful waterfalls on some mountain rivers. There are many lakes in the mountains of Azerbaijan. The most beautiful of them are Maral-Gol and Goy-Gel.
Story
The first archaeological evidence of human life on the territory of modern Azerbaijan dates back to the end of the Stone Age. Azerbaijan in different historical epochs was conquered by Armenians, Persians, Romans, Arabs, Turks. The history of Azerbaijan is very rich in interesting events.
I millennium BC - the formation of the state of Manna with the capital Izirtu.
1st-4th centuries AD - Azerbaijan is part of the Caucasian Albania tribal association, which was subordinate to Ancient Rome.
III-IV centuries. AD - Caucasian Albania becomes Christian.
XIII-VIV centuries - Azerbaijan is in vassal dependence on the state of Khulaguids.
The end of the XIV century - the state of Shirvan appeared in the north of modern Azerbaijan.
The beginning of the 16th century - almost all the lands of Azerbaijan were united into one state - the state of the Safavids.
The first half of the 16th century - Shiism, a branch of Islam, becomes the state religion in Azerbaijan.
1724 - the territory of Azerbaijan is divided between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
1920 - Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic was formed.
1922-1936 - Azerbaijan is part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. 1936-1991 - Azerbaijan is part of the USSR.
1991 - Azerbaijan's independence was declared.
Culture of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan became an independent state only in 1991. Before that, for many centuries the territory of Azerbaijan was divided between neighboring empires - Russian and Ottoman. As a result, now the culture of Azerbaijan has a multi-ethnic character, but the religion - Shiism, one of the branches of Islam, has a decisive influence on it.
Every year, four weeks during the Novruz holiday in Azerbaijan, interesting religious events and festivals, folk festivals are held. An obligatory element of such festivities is jumping over a fire.
In addition, other holidays are celebrated on a grand scale in Azerbaijan - Ramadan-Bayram (November-February) and Gurban-Bayram.
Kitchen
Azerbaijani cuisine was greatly influenced by Turkish and Central Asian culinary traditions. The main Azerbaijani dish is pilaf with rice, to which they add various “fillings” (meat, fish, fruits, spices, etc.). A special place in the Azerbaijani cuisine belongs to fresh vegetable salads. Salads are usually served together with the main course (by the way, there are more than 30 types of soups in Azerbaijan).
In Azerbaijan, we advise you to try local soups (“shorba with chicken”, okroshka “ovdukh”, lamb soup “piti”), salads (“kukyu from greens”, “soyutma”, “bahar”), kebabs (mutton, chicken, from the liver), pilaf (more than 30 types), dolma, baklava, halva.
Most Azerbaijanis are Shia Muslims. But for some reason, religion does not prevent them from drinking alcohol. Apparently due to the fact that good wines and cognacs are made in Azerbaijan.
Azerbaijanis are very fond of tea. In the teahouse, men drink sweet black tea from small bowls. Tea is usually served with jam (from quince, figs, apricots, cherries and plums).
Another popular non-alcoholic drink in Azerbaijan is sherbet (sugar, lemon, mint, saffron, basil, cumin, etc. are added to boiled water).
Sights of Azerbaijan
According to official data, there are now more than 6,000 historical and architectural monuments in Azerbaijan. The top 10 best Azerbaijani sights, in our opinion, may include the following:
Cities and resorts
The largest Azerbaijani cities are Ganja, Sumgayit, Lankaran, Mingachevir, Nakhichevan, Khirdalan, Khankendi, and, of course, Baku.
There are a lot of hot and mineral springs in Azerbaijan, which are concentrated in the mountainous part of the country. Thus, in Kelbajar alone there are about 200 mineral springs. The best mineral springs in Azerbaijan are Istisu (in Kalbajar), Badamli, Sirab (in Nakhichevan), as well as Darrydag, Turshsu, Arkivan, and Surakhani.
On the plains of Azerbaijan, in particular, in the Goranboy region, there is medicinal oil (it is called "naftalan"). Medicinal oil is widely used in medicine. Moreover, neftalan was found only in one place in the world - in the Goranboy region of Azerbaijan.
Souvenirs/Shopping
Tourists from Azerbaijan usually bring folk art products, carpets, ceramics, cognac, wine. Remember that in order to export any piece of art from Azerbaijan, even if it does not have artistic value, you need to obtain permission from the Azerbaijani Ministry of Culture.
Office Hours
Offices:
Mon-Fri: 09:00-17:00
The shops:
Mon-Sat: 10:00-19:00
Banks:
Mon-Fri: 09:00-18:00
Visa
Ukrainians do not need to apply for a visa to visit Azerbaijan (if the trip does not exceed 90 days).
Currency
Since 1992, the Azerbaijani manat (its international designation: AZN) has been in circulation in Azerbaijan. One Azerbaijani manat = 100 qapiks. Credit cards are accepted, basically, only by prestigious hotels and restaurants in Baku.
Customs restrictions
Export of local currency from Azerbaijan is prohibited. The export of currency (we are talking, of course, about foreign currency) is limited to the amount that was declared upon arrival in the country.
Useful phone numbers and addresses
Address of the Azerbaijani Embassy in Ukraine:
Index: 01901, Kyiv, st. Glubochitskaya, 24
T: 484-69-40 (phone code of the city - 044)
Email mail:
Address of the Ukrainian Embassy in Azerbaijan:
AZ1069, Baku, st. Yusif Vezirova, 49
Т: 449-40-95 (country and city telephone code - +99412)
Email mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You must have JavaScript enabled to view.
Emergency Phones
102 - Call the police
103 - Call for an ambulance
101 - Call the fire brigade
Time
The difference is +2 hours. Those. if in Baku, for example, it is 09:00 in the morning, then in Kyiv or, for example, in Donetsk, it is only 06:00 in the morning.
Tips
Tipping in Azerbaijan is welcome, but it is not obligatory.
